UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 82 Date 12/06/2006 Time 2:11:33 PM
S-0882-0003-04-00001
Expanded Number S-0882-0003-04-00001
™e Items-in-USA - Ball, George W.
Date Created 26/04/1968
Record Type Archival Item
Container s-0882-0003: Correspondence Files of the Secretary-General: U Thant: with Heads of State, Governments, Permanent Representatives and Observers to the United Nations
Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit mm vnRK TIMES. FV-Mav. Pb Anril 196b Johnson's Choice for U.N. 5|^|v%ff George Wildman Ball
*• "teX'iSjHEHS" N the nearly six years he I spent in the No. 3 and No. 2 positions in the State Department in the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations, George Wildman Ball came to be regarded as a sort of benign devil's advocate. When most top policy plan- ners seemed confident that escalation of the Man iwar in Vietnam. r would lead, to r^l- in the • ative stability in News * Southeast Asia, the tall, burly and incredibly energetic Mr. Ball argued forcefully against what he called "the Vietna- mese detour with its deep ruts and treacherous quick- sands." As eariy as 1961, Mr. Ball told President Kennedy he should not send 15,000 Amer- ican servicemen to Vietnam. He counseled that 300,000 more men would have to be sent later to get them out, a prediction that has been more than borne out. Both President Kennedy •K^K.*U«»M^HVMM^M^MPi^^BH^^^M^WMM^M«MMHM«MMH and President Johnson appre- Lawyer, economist and diplomatic tioubleshootei ciated Mr. Ball's reasoned (Mr. Ball in 1965, when he was Under Secretary of State) voice of the loyal opposi- tion within their Administra- we have mired ourselves in and 1956 in behalf of Mr. j tions, even though they often a frustrating war that turn* Stevenson's Presidential cam- i decided not to take the prof- our otherwise sensible coun^ paign, and although he sup- fered advice, trymen into placard-carrying ported Mr. Stevenson's quiet i hysterics and impedes our quest for. the Democratic | Advice Still Sought coming to grips with funda- nomination' in 1959, he en- After Mr. Ball1 left his post mental problems in our cities, thusiastically backed John F. as Under Secretary of State our society and the world. Kennedy once Mr. Kennedy in 1966 (he served for 10 Already -we hear the queru- had won the nomination. months in the No. 3 position! lous frog-croaks of an old Under Secretary of State for isolationism. The timid are New Balance of Power Economic Affairs, early in demanding that we put our In his recent book, Mr. Ball the Kennedy Administration), heads in the sand and con- made it plain that he believes Mr. Johnson continued to seek centrate on affairs close to the United States should re- his advice, notably on the home; the impatient would direct its foreign policy handling of the capture of bring events to a conclusion toward a new world balance the intelligence ship Pueblo with a bang. of power, concentrating on by North Korea in January! "No man has the wit to improving its position in Mr. Johnson again exhib' foretell how soon or T>y what Western Europe. He foresees ited his esteem for Mr. Ball, means we may work our a future power balance com- yesterday, when he said ha way out of the Vietnamese posed of the United States, would succeed Arthur Jl gluepot. But it is clear that, the Soviet Union, a unified whatever the outcome, our Europe and Japan, the only uu^=ls as United States Representative at the United world will never Be the same modern, industrialized state Nations. i again." in Asia. The announcement came as, l Mr. Ball, who is 6 feet, Mr. Ball is one of Secre- Mr. Ball was en route to Z /2 inches tall, was born tary of State Dean Rusk's Montreal, and the tuning Dec. 21, 1909; in Des Moines, few close friends—-"one of a seemed fitting. For Mr. Bal^ Iowa, the son of an official handful of guys the Secretary seems constantly to be trav-j of Standard Oil (Indiana). can sit and have a quiet eling. The dynamic lawyer,! The family moved to Evans- Scotch with," as an old friend economist, and' diplomatic ton, 111., when he was 11 of Mr. Ball puts it—hut he troubleshooter has made at years old. He received a courteously disagrees with least 200 Atlantic crossings; bachelor of arts degree in many of Mr. Rusk's beliefs. by plane and 20 by ship.j 1930 and a law degree in Among these is Mr. Rusk's 1933 from Northwestern view that the Southeast Style Is Forceful j University. Asian Treaty Organization - , Fortuitously, or .perhaps be- In the early days of the a.sreemont obligated the Unit- cause he knew he would be-^ New Deal, Mr. Ball served ed States to intervene in come delegate to the United; as a Government lawyer, Vietnam. Nations, Mr. Ball made aj first with the Farm Credit Mr. Ball would also favor move, two months ago, thai? " Administration, then the trade with Communist China ..will make it. unnecessary for Treasury Department. From and United Nations member- :o trayet far to work.) 1935 to 1942 he was a tax ship for the Peking regime, lugbtKs duplex apart-j and corporation lawyer with and he urged in his book that ui yMted Nations Pla-K two Chicago firms, one in- the United Stetejiatendon; izaj'ftb.but ai'two-minute strol!|}S
VS
Date:
3 May 1968 CR. 13 (i:L-64) Bolltieel Affeiss Division
W. George &. Ball was born on 21 December 19Q9 in Des Stoiaes, Iowa, His father bosn in Devonshire, England, came to the United States at ths age of five, i&. Ball attended high school ia Svanston, Illinois, and subsequently studied at UostlRjeste^n (Jaivessity, receiving a lara degree ID 1933• Daring 1933 snd 1^3^ be served in th« United States Government., holding poets in the l&tsm Credit Administration and the Treasury Department, then for the next seven years returned to the private practice of law in Shieago,
Adlai I* Stevenson was a jaembes of one of the lav films h
At Stevensoh.°s suggestion, Bail setujpned to gowsensaent eeEviee in 19^2? holding posts io tfe S^od-Lsaee Administration and ths Bbi'eign Sconomie Administration. In l^U he vas appointed director of the United States
Strategic Bombing Saj?veys a group establishes to assess the effects of the strategic sis offensive against Qermany, In 19^5-1*6 he served es general eomnsel for the French Supply Council; vjhich waa engaged ia the acquisition of supplies fo? the jeekabilitation of Fssnce, In July 19^ he became a founding partner of the law fisa of CSleary, Gottlieb, Stean ana Ballj, which ffepgesentcd American companies and individuals doing business in forsign eountsiea. Be b@cam@ acquainted with Jean Monnet; and worked closely with Monnet ia establishing the European Goal and Steel Qomsanity. As a member of his firm? Ball represented the ISuropaan Economic Coiamanity, the Eusogean GommiMiity of Atomic Energy, the European Coal and Steel Community and ths Stench maeufactjagess" association (the-FatxoturtJ. In the 1952 Presidential campaign Ball served as the national of Volunteers foa? Stevenson and in 1956 ^as directos of public relations Stevenson and SGefauver. In 1960 he helped prepare e sepojft on foreign affairs, taking chasge of the groups tjojrking on economic policy, balance of payments^ outflow of gold, foselgn aid and commes?cial policy. On January 11, President Kennedy appointea Ball Undes-Seesetary of State fo? Bconomic
Affairs, the thisti-sanking post in the State Department0 -2-
Buring the eaj?ly months of the Kennedy administration Ball concentrated mainly on questions of trade, anticipating that the United Kingdom would $oin the European CoHusson Basket, as hoped for by the administration, Iat«3f, his assignments incl«dacl political problems involving the Congo, the Dominican Bepiablie, Korea and Ghana* On 5 December 1961 Ball took up the office of $nder Secretary ©f State* When the Seesfetasy of State, Bean Siaisk, left on a European mission the follow- ing week, Ball, as acting Secretary of State, was confronted vith the problems involved in the United latioas military aetion in lOataagao On 10 December 1^ he said M0u? aiai ia the consolidation of the country under "a stable government «.. If gjatanga is not peacefully integsate^, the Congo will face civil ana anarchyo..w Three daya late? he expressed opposition to a Bsitish psopoaal for an iiausediate cease fire in Katanga, which he did not regasd feasible untlj, the mieimma ® objectives had besn attained, M?e Ball -eesvad as Under Secsretary of State fo? tuore than size under PyesMents ICennedy ana Johnson. Saying that time he ia said to have argued consistently in favos of Western Suxopean integsation and against military involveaient "by the United States in South East Asia, Be is also saifl to have supported the plan fas- a !A3?Q multilateral nuelea? fleet aed i» nav« opposed the decision to initiate the bombing of Uorth Yietnam* MJP* Ball resigned fsom the State Bepaartment in autumn 1^66, and since that time baa served as chairman of Lehman Brothers International, Ltd. Se is married sod has two sone. Hie interests sse said to include Bamoesatie politics, history and econoaies, and his hobby, carpentry, Mr» BallBs coprent views on w©£-ld politics in general, and on the goals toward which American foreign policy should be directed, ass set out at length in a seeently-published boofe, "The Discipline of Fowesw. They ere based on the premise that, in the present phase of world history, only nations which eomij&Rd continent-wide resources and population, together with internal stability and stsong Leadership, can claim a eonnasanding position of wosifi power, and that these requirements asre at present met only by the United States and th^viet Uaian. Stastlag fross this assumption, Mr* Ball argues, in the words of a recent seviewes1 of his book, -'that "the achievement of a stable wosifl ofde? depends psitsarily on the aetion ... of a handful of highly industrial- ized Western nations" which, acting together, "can assure the monetary
I/ Itoberfc Kleizaan, in the ^ew Yogfe ^ijisefl Book _Beyie»3 April 28, 1968. -3-
stability, economic expansion and military security of the West, the advance- ment of ths developing South and, ultimately, a, settlement with the Sonuauaist East »w Only a united Western Sayope will be able to support the United States effectively in ^oeklng towards these goale. Therefore there can be QO moss important objective for Anssieac foseign policy than thepromotion of Vfcsstesn European union> Jtollowing the logic of this general point of view, Mr. Bail eerasidess that the Atjglo-AsEeriean "special relationship™ constitutes an impediment to Western European integration* and should be abandoned in favor of an effort to promote the integration of the United Kingdom into a unified Western Europe, He also eoESidess that .American foreign policy should give first priority to the creation of each a unified Europe* rather than the projsstion of an "Atlantic Community"„ Accordingly,} hs suggests that eoasideretion shouM be given to tominaticg the siucleas agreee^nts between the Ucited States and 3?itaiEi as soon as they expise^ and to urging ths United Kingdom to give up its nuolear dste^ent, Se consid«?e that this would diminish West desman
iatsrsst in acaufe ing nuclear weaponsP anfi help induce FraBce, after ee Gaulles to reconsider its o»n position.. He is also opposed to any conception of European uaity (which he attributes to de Saulie) as either we kind of latia- 'Jtetttonie confederation *.. prssumably sun fsora Pa^is or "a Euiope from the w Atlantic to the Ural£% presumably sue by a Franco-S©v3et direetorat@e Such & Efaaco-Soviet partnership wouU, he thinks, be essentially directed
against Qesmaay. In his vie^5 howevcs — snfl this seems the key to his -ehole outlook on Europan probl€ms — only a unified Susope which includes<, on a footing of complete equality, both Britain and West Sesmany* offers real hope of satisfying Gasman aspirations, and of not leaving a dangerously isolated Gesmany "alone in Europe vith, on the one side, a vindictive Soviet Union, m and on the other* a France still frightened of desman powe^0 la tbg one fairly brief chapter of his book vfeich is devoted to the Sfer gsst, Mr. Ballj while arguing fos a 3?evi6ion of America's China policy which would relieve the United States of the onus of perpetuating Ghina°s diplomatic and commercial isolation, comes to the conclusion that China is unlikely to •?•'. achieve glbbaiTpoeeaF status within the aest geaesation because its "'aueleasr capability* large armies and Kass-labor methods are no substitute for the advanced technology,, the high level of industrialization and g?6ss national product, that alone givg a nation the means to feed its people and menace the -U-
n Japan5 on the otfaes? band, because of its size a ad industrial strength* offers a solid base on -Hhich a clurabl® systera of poser in the Fas East can be erected. He would therefore promote eooperatioa between the 0ait Although m» Ball haa referred (in an article in Life magazine) to a new eg© of ""something equivalent to three and a half" superpowers;, It would thus seem that the future -world order he envisages might 31020 accurately be described as based on three ma^o? centers of power, plus an last Asia in which China uottld be balanced by the countervailing powes of Japan. Within this general framewsk 14s. Ball eonsidess that it might be possible t© divide sasponsibility f&y the psovieion of esonornic aid to the less»d eve loped countries on & sleaser geographical basisf %ith Westemi Europe^ for esaeiple^ taking a major share of the sespooaibility for Africa0 The ©vsr-all stability of the system woult! slab make it possible to view local conflictB os ehanges of segiiae in peripheral aseas of the wca-ld in theis tsue perspective, thus reducing the risks of major conf.routations„ In Africa, Jfe. Ball believes that the problem of the Portuguese t«rri- tosieo can be solved only by bringing Portugal into the European Seoooaic Community and thus helping to provide her with the capital required to raise the standard of living in the home country to the point ^here the overseas territories ue;« no longer needed» IK the case &£ South Africa he considers that, given the realities of the situation., the hope of creating a multiracial society IB illusory, and the only policy that might be peaceably carried out without ^recking the economy is some form of partition. On the immediate problem of the relations between the t^o superpox*ere, Sir. Ball believes that^ ^hile recognising that the present situation remains more a state of suspended belligerency thaa oae of peace, .efforts should be made to continue the progress towards a genuine community of interests* wso®. this point of view, he is strongly in favor of liberalising eoBEae.rcial relations between the United States and ths Soviet Union* Although he considers that the Asasrican military involvement in fietnaia was unwise, and that its military action should in any case be confined "almost entirely** to South Vietnam, he feels that the United States has at present no serious option but to continue the course it is now pursuing "until -5- eonditionB for a settlement are more propitious" „ In the only extended reference to the Unitsd Hations he makes In the entire book., he argues that little practical purpose would be served by submitting the problem to the Organization,, The passage may be worth quoting in full for the light it sheds on Mr* Bali "a point of view regarding the United lations in genera 1, ""Disturbed at finding the United States trapped in a situation uith no visible exit}, many Americans in and out of Congress have asked wistfully that the problem °be turned over to the United Hat ions'. X can understand the political appeal of the demand but it has little practical meaning. '"Those tfho advocate such a course apparently assume that, by a concentrated effort, the United Nations could somehow find a solution to the problem; or that, even though no solution were found,, vis should by this device at least share our responsibilities with the rest of the world* But such a pious hope. rests on a misconception of the United nations" operational capabilities. As an institution the United Nations cannot solve problems; the most it can do Is to provide a meeting place in which the contending nations may be able to reach a solution .-- provided that whenever the conflict has sold ua? implications the solution be one both the superpowers are prepared to accept and encourage * In the case of Vietnam there Is clearly no solution yet in sight that the superpowers could possibly accept a Certainly all our efforts to enlist Soviet support in a settlement have so far proved abortive. "Bo* can Mr. Balls in the eonelusiou of his fcook, fflaiGtaine that the Dfeited States, in its recent teDdeaey to fill powe? vaeuams, has eEap3^sy NOTES ON PRESS CONFERENCE OF AMB. BALL (UNITED STATES) George W. Ball, the new Permanent Representative of the United States, held a press conference at 10:30 a.m. today, after presentation of his creden- tials to the Secretary-General. Asked if his published views on relations between the United Nations and the People's Republic of China were in conflict with United States policy, he said that he would not comment on any substantive issues until he had been able to consult with his colleagues in the Government m and to learn current United States policy on them. Perhaps he had been "more garrulous or indiscreet — a nicer word would be candid" — than some others, but in this post he would do what ambassadors always did: ' express the views of his Government as determined by the highest authorities in the Government, and try to defend them as best he could. In private councils, he would of course express his own views. A correspondent noted that Mr. Ball, like the Secretary-General, had advo- cated cessation of bombing in Viet-Nam. Would he be as uanlap outspoken on that matter as in the past? He replied by saying that the 31 March mafl speech of Pres- ident Johnson had marked "a very significant step forward". Bombing was now con- fined to a relatively narrow area north of the demilitarized zone. Total cessa- tion would depend on the Paris talks, fflnram The policy of the United States was mutual de-escalation. Asked for his views on the status of the Paris talks, he said that clearly they had not produced large substantive agreement. It was hard to make an appraisal, but the United States had a strong disposition to try to advance the talks towards some kind of honourable solution. Asked about a United Nations role in Viet-Nam, he said that it might be pos- sible at various times for the United Nations to play a role. This raised the question of "what the United Nations is". To him it was more than a parliamentary rotaoKnnm body; it also offered an unparalleled opportunity for conversations between representatives of Governments without the focus of publicity. Also, the office of the Secretary-General should be considered: the important role of the Secre- tary-General and his distinguished staff. The United Nations could play a imdm part "through one or another of its resources". He was confident that such a time would come. This was not, however, a matter for the Security Council, so long as Hanoi and Peking took their "disdainful" attitude. On other matters, he said, in reply to questions, that the isolation of Cuba was an "unhappy fact" but that it was for Cuba to take the initiative in emerging from its isolation by adopting policies that would bring it back into the main- stream of "humane civilization". He saw improvement in United States-Soviet rela- tions in spite of Viet-Nam. No one should underestimate the dangers of the pre- sent situation in the Middle East. He was hopeful that the Jarring mission would find ways of making progress towards a solution. The United States action on an anti-ballistic missile programme did not seem to mm him inconsistent with efforts towards disarmament. The United States was trying to bring about reciprocal meas- ures towards disarmament. He had taken his present job because he hoped to be able to move some issues off dead center, but he recognized that it would take time. HEW YORK TIMES, Thursday, 2? June 1968 .N., Cites Mideast and Vietnam ->;:::':.- By SAM POPE BREWER as a senior partner of the Leh- Special to The New Yot* Times man Brothers' investment bank- UNITED NATIONS, N, Y, ing firm when President John- June 26—George W. Ball, as- son named him to his present suming the duties today of post on April 25. After confir- mation by the Senate, he was chief United States represent^- sworn in on Monday in Wash- tive at the United Nations, gave ington. priority to the Middle East and He emphasized in today's Southeast Asia as danger areas meetings that whatever views where he hoped to see effective or opinions he might have ex- United Nations action. pressed about the United Na- Of the Middle East, he said tions in past writings or state- ments, "What I shall say here "nobody can underestimate is to express the views of my the danger," but he added that government." Vietnam and other problems Mr. Ball said also it should be were "of vital importance." remembered that the effective Mr. Ball sketched his views action' of the United Nations in a news conference after he was not limited to the formal presented his credentials this machinery- of the Security morning to Secretary General The New=York. Times (by'Neal Boenzil Council and the General As- Thant. George W. Ball, new chief U.S. representative to the U.N., sembly. Without the retinue that used There is an unequaled oppor- to accompany his predecessor, outside his office at 799 United Nations Plaza yesterday. tunity here, he said, for quiet Arthur J. Goldberp, at news diplomacy among the, 124 mem- conferences, Mr. Ball sat'alone nvolves somewhat different na- each must be addressed in its ber states, and even other on the dais of the building's tions. Some are obviously .nibr.e own terms." states, wiijhbut the- publicity main conference room, facing urgent from the total World Mr. Ball had been out of pub- about 100 correspondents. point of view than others) but lic life since September, 1966, He did not go into details on the Middle East question but expressed hope that, the Secretary General's speciarrep- resentative. Dr Gunrtar V Jarring of Sweden, might find a- solution. ^ Of Vietnam he said that he believed the United Nations could help to establish and po- lice a cease-fire there if the interested parties' agreed. _ Mr. Ball disclaimedv sugges- tions fay questioners that in past utterances, notably in his book, ("The Discipline of Power," he had cast doubts on the importance of the United Nations, The book was pub- lished earlier this year by Little, Brown. -A - correspondent asked whether ,Mr. Ball^;had\jtfot said that he did'" no? believe in "world peace through world order" and expressed "disdain for the sovereign'equality of nations by referring to some other countries as typographi- cal errors." Question Is Avoided Mr. Ball said he did not re- call having said that he lacked faith in world peace through world order, but that he be- lieved the United Nations though "absolutely indispensa- ble" was not yet a > world gov-. ernment. " He said: "I itions. "I tookVthis new post," he said, /'because I saw in it an opportunity to play some jole in trying to move someBl!istoe3 off dead center and make some I pi ogress, toward easing the'ten- sions ^i^he^wofld* and "moving Asked what ttyse issues were he named first the Middle East problem "which is, as I say, one of the most dangerous in the world," and second. Southeast Asia. He added: "As far is order! of priorities is concerned, of the problems that come before the United Nations each has its own special compilation, each JULY 21, 1968 Ambassador to the U.N. George Ball—"It was an accidental appointment with a strong inner logic." An Operator on the Potomac Conies to the East River By JOSEPH KRAFT "His new post may be WASHINGTON. off against the sentimental pacifism can policy in Washington and its H V SIX-MONTH sentence with common among American supporters executors in the American delegation /•V time °ff f°r €°°d behavior," - of the U.N. "If there's one thing I'm to the United Nations. a sfeppingstone; it George Ball said the other going to hate about the job," he said day of his new post as successor to just after his appointment, "it is the X ROUBLE on this matter has been Humphrey is elected. Arthur Goldberg in the role of United constituency of weepy women who fostered by the disposition of Presi- States Ambassador to the United Na- come up, with tears in their eyes, dents to use the U.N. post as a show- Boll would be at the tions. And former Secretary of State to tell me: 'Oh, Mr. Ball, we're so case for peaceful intention. Except Dean Acheson, writing to Ball when glad you're working for peace.'" for James Wadsworth, who held the the appointment was announced in Yet the accidental appointment post at the end of the Eisenhower very least a leading April, began his letter with the salu- has a strong inner logic. Ball is a Administration, all the U.N. Ambas- tation: "My Dear, Demented Friend." man with immense experience in sadors have been well-known figures candidate for Secre- Behind this jocular disparagement international affairs. For all his with political muscle of their own: lie solid doubts. To a large extent gruff, hard-boiled 'rhetoric, he has a Presidential candidate (Adlai tary of State." Ball is an accidental appointment— repeatedly come down on the side of Stevenson), a former Supreme Court a former Under Secretary of State small countries and the side of peace Justice and Cabinet officer (Gold- called in suddenly by the President on such crucial issues as Vietnam, berg), a former Secretary of State to overshadow the rebuff dealt to the Congo and the intervention in (Edward Stettinius) and two leading the Administration by Goldberg's the Dominican Republic. Moreover, Republican Senators (Henry Cabot resignation. In private discussions, the job has certain personal attrac- Lodge and Warren Austin). More and publicly in a recent book, Ball tions for Ball. It will put him in a accustomed to leading than follow- has inveighed against a great many position to work for a political settle- ing, the subjects of enormous pub- of the major positions taken by ment in Vietnam. It may be an licity during times of crisis, these the United States at the United Na- appropriate steppingstone to a post men have tended to act in ways that tions. He has scouted the importance for which Ball is at the very least a left open to question whether Ameri- of the smaller states that comprise leading candidate — Secretary of can foreign policy was being made the vast majority of the 124 U.N. State, if Hubert Humphrey is elected in Washington or New York, members. He has repeatedly sounded President. And, if nothing else, Ball's Austin, for example, was so out- accession may make it possible to spokenly opposed to the partition of normalize the special and difficult Palestine that President Truman was JOSEPH KRAFT it a nationally syndi- relationship, so often impaired in the finally obliged to repudiate his po- cated columnist specializing in politics. post, between the makers of Ameri- (Continued on Page 54) An operator on the Potomac comes to the East River (Continued from Page 5) it accepted only in part, if at braith, the Harvard professor both in a way that did not sition in a visible, public way. all. He is accustomed to dis- who was a wartime buddy in leave scars, that bred neither Public speculation on differ- agreement without an open the Strategic Bombing Survey, lust nor a sense of guilt. He "Nicest house ences between Stevenson and or final break. As Joseph and Walter Lippman, who was was born in 1909, the third Presidents Kennedy and John- Sisco, the Assistant Secretary a Washington neighbor for son of a Scottish immigrant in 31 years!" son cropped up over the is- of State for International Or- years. For what it is worth, a who-^ivas- then making $65 a- That's what a West Coast fam- sues of the Cuban invasion, ganization Affairs, who has number of ambitious younger month as a salesman for the ily thinks about their New Jer- the Cuban missile crisis, the long been concerned with that men associated with Ball have oil company in a small town sey home discovered by Hom- Vietnam war and the Domini- office, put it: "George knows complained that he did little outside Des Moines. On the erica. "Feel it is the nicest we can Republic intervention. Be- the ropes." to advance their fortunes. A way up, the elder Ball was have had in 31 years" they fore Goldberg left, there was Superficially, at least, Ball former law partner, now transferred to company head- write, adding that they are "ex- widespread and well-support- gives the impression of a teaching after a career in quarters in Chicago, and the tremely 'high' on Homerica and government, once observed: family lived thereafter in will continue to be one of your ed public speculation about man utterly preoccupied with his differences with the the symbols of success—a fat "When it comes to friends, the academic community of boosters". Homerica practises Evanston, III. Apparently the home-finding as a profession, President on attaining a peace cat. His pinkish face seems Ball looks up—not down." matching your requirements settlement in Vietnam. always freshly shaved, his From his earliest years, Ball senior Ball imparted his own however detailed against houses silvery hair newly barbered. has been a great reader; at instinct for making it to his , available in your new area. |ALL will probably have His comfortable frame (6 feet Northwestern University, he sons: 'Stuart, the eldest, be- Homerica operates coast-to- more real influence on the 2 inches, 200 pounds) is gen- majored in English, founded a came president of Mont- coast in 4000 communities, suc- making of policy than any of erally draped in somber, literary magazine and at least gomery Ward; the middle cessfully relocates 5000 families his predecessors. For while he custom-made suits with vests. thought of becoming a pro- brother, Ralph, became gen- every year, without charge to lacks their political muscle, His shirts come from London. fessor of literature. A literary eral counsel of Northwestern them. 'Homerica staffs only in- he happens to have the com- As a Washington lawyer, touch inspires his chief hobby, University. formed, helpful, courteous coun- plete confidence of the Presi- before joining the Govern- carpentry—bookshelves have While George was a senior sellors who guide you into the dent and of Secretary of State ment, he maintained for years been his main product. "He's at Northwestern, he made the right suburbs, into the right Dean Rusk. It is significant a private suite at the Plaza made every room in the house first of many trips to Europe, house purchased in the right fig- that he—unlike Arthur Gold- Athenee Hotel in Paris. Upon look like a library," his wife where he met his wife~-to-be, ure, financed the right way. berg—has been invited to leaving the Government in said when the Balls lived in Ruth Murdoch, of Pittsburgh. Write or phone A.M. Brice to- (They now have two grown day for brochure. attend the President's inti- 1966 for a post with the bank- Washington. mate Tuesday foreign policy ing firm of Lehman Brothers, Like a great many govern- sons.) On graduating from luncheons with his Secre- he took up swank residence ment dignitaries not dis- Northwestern Law School in taries of State and Defense. It in New York, first at the pleased with their literary 1933, he came to Washington. Heady fare was being brewed \ICAwe. is even more significant—an Regency Hotel, then in an flair, Ball speaks in neo- indication that Ball's counsel apartment at the United Na- Gibbonian, or Achesonian, in the office of the General 200 Park Avenue Nt^ 1901 Ave. of Stars Counsel of the Treasury De- New York 10017 V Los Angeles 90067 is valued not merely for his tions Plaza. He has a taste periods. His style features 1212)661-3111 (213)277-3110 public reputation — that his for rich food (which has in- complicated sentences saved partment where he found his 500N.MichiaanAve.,Chreago(312)527-3111 presence at those meetings spired bad jokes about his —or at least usually saved— first job. The first contract he has not been made public. occasional bouts of gout) and from being ponderous by the drew up was for a $30-million Should differences between a fondness for long, dark, stinger in the tail. A typical Government purchase of cot- THRU-VU FABRIC Ball and the other principals chauffeur-driven limousines. example was a memo Ball ton. The first case he worked in the Administration arise, Ball's taste in friends indi- sent to President Kennedy on on had to do with defending they will almost surely not cates a preference for the the President of France. It the right of the President to VERTICAL BLINDS become a subject of vibrant high and mighty. In an inter- began: "Whenever we extend take the country off the gold public debate. As a former view several years ago he the hand of friendship to standard. Under Secretary of State for listed as those closest to him: President de Gaulle, he puts But unlike most of the six years, as a lawyer in Adlai Stevenson, a former law into it a dead fish." Once, bright young lawyers who the capital for 15 years be- partner; Jean Monnet, the after an unproductive visit to came to Washington early in fore that, Ball has the Wash- chief architect of the Euro- Antonio Salazar, the Prime the New Deal, Ball did not ington perspective. He is used pean Common Market and a Minister of Portugal, and a like it. "It didn't seem real," to offering counsel and having former client; J. Kenneth Gal- former economist, Ball came he explains. A friend com- home to find on his desk what ments, "I think that George he thought to be an unpro- wanted to make money." Ball returned to Chicago in The louvers turn to control the sun ductive paper by Galbraith on and yet provide a lovely open-air feel- the balance of payments. Ball 1935 to work on corporation ing. Great for patio doors because tax problems for a private they pull to the side like » drapery, said to Galbraithi "Ken, this leave no floor obstructions. is the second time this week law firm. One of the firm's Custom made to Jit your windows, soumoNs younger partners whom Ball Thru-Vu Blinds are available in many S L O V E N EMJ R I AU«Y EN I S E I that I have discovered the beautiful colors and materials* TO LAST WEEK'S TTAUOINIEIDBBIAILISIAHRIHIOIDIOIR disastrous consequence of came to know well was Adlai AT ElN»S!A|H| I |B»SITIOIRIEIS»T|AIR Stevenson. In 1941, Stevenson Writ* or phone for name of nearest dealer P0ZZLES leaving public affairs to CRUSADES economists." came to Washington as a special assistant to the Sec- Thra-Yu NORMAN COUS- retary of the Navy, Frank VERTICAL BLIND CORP. INS: PRESENT o,'N another occasion, Ball Knox, and after Pearl Harbor, TENSE — Music WATERFRON was showing a visitor around Stevenson opened up a kind 615 Fenlmore Roaif, Hamaroitee*, N. V. 10543 his menage with its wealth of of job placement agency for Phone: (914) 696-0352 helps to express bric-a-brac. "It's not bad," he the human spirit, his Chicago friends. Ball was said, "considering that I placed in the Lend-lease Ad- helps to knit man I NCI SI VE started life as an Iowa farm ministration in 1942, and together. .. . But boy walking to school through moved successively to the il-order the habitat of so- the snow. And I owe it all to Bureau of. Economic Warfare my industry, my brains, my and the Strategic Bombing ciety must have ability to make quick de- a wholeness, too, Survey. At Lend r Lease, he advertising cisions—and to the fact that became friendly with the head if it is to serve my father rose to be vice of the joint British-French pays off... mas well. Therefore, there must be- no- disconnection president of Standard Oil of supply mission, Jean Mbmret, between the arts of man and his institutions. Indiana." and after the war, Monnet in The New York Times Ball can be blunt and asked Ball to serve as counsel Magazine. For full details, open about preferring power for the French purchasing write The New York Times, to weakness because he knew agency in Washington. With Mail-order Advertising Dept., Times Square, New York, N.Y. 10036. THE NEW YORK TIMES MAGAZINE NOW YOU CAN BE PROUD of YOUR ample of the inside operator at work. The appointment had "^HEADOFWUR! been offered to, and accepted by, another man—William C. Foster, a Republican from the business world who had TECHNIQUE the backing of Dean Rusk. TOUPEES are old fashioned. Ball persuaded two of his Let us prove it! most potent friends, Steven- We weave (onto your own son and Senator J. William , natural hairline) 100% human hair that you shampoo, Fulbright, to intercede with comb, brush and swim in. No President Kennedy on his be- glue, no tape, yet it can't half. They did. Ball got the come off. Absolutely undetectable; sleep in it — job, and Foster was put in you'll feel like a new man day charge of the Arms Control and night and Disarmament Agency. j FREE PRIVATE CONSULTATION Phone EL 5-0472/ELWJ473 B|ALL is a prodigious toiler. As a Government of- Write for Brochure or Visit OT ficial, he regularly put in 70 t^ i A v T •"< V< hA!uweAVJNQ hours a week at the office. UlANtS SPECIALISTS He tends to use a small, select staff, especially chosen to 527 Madison Avenue 54th St 15041 NYC Daily 10-4 Thur g Fri lo 8. Sal to I. save him in areas where he DIT CARD HONORED . is not expert. As Under Sec- retary, for example, he did not bring hi men from the outside, but surrounded him- self with State Department veterans: J. Robert Schaetzel, now Ambassador to the European Common Market in Brussels; Stanley Cleveland, now Economic Minister in the Le Felley In The Christian Science Monitor. London Embassy; George "A lot of baggage for a short stay." Springsteen, now Deputy As- sistant Secretary for European that account in hand, Ball, in man Plan for unifying Affairs, and Arthur Hartman, 1945, set up shop as the Europe's coal and steel indus- now the chief aide to Under Washington partner for a new tries. On the day the Korean Secretary Nicholas Katzen- New York law firm—Cleary, war began, he was at Mon- bach. Gottlieb, Steen & Ball. net's home outside Paris, Pressure is Ball's preferred working on plans which after work atmosphere. Indeed, he _,HUS Ball became a Wash- long delay bore fruit in the seems unable to do well what ington "operator," one of European Common Market. is merely routine. "Ball those rare beings able, be- As an inside operator try- couldn't manage a committee cause of his knowledge of ing to push around large to save his life," one former what buttons to press, strings governmental bodies, Ball de- assistant reports. Says an- to pull and battles to fight, veloped the technique of other: "He was poor with the Open an office in your living room. mustering allies. One of his Congress, because he wouldn't to exerf important influence And when you're finished working, close it — from behind the scenes. As great coups as a private law- let his mind run at the slow you have an elegant piece of furniture. A great Adlai Stevenson's friend in yer was the defense of speed of the Hill." But the space-saver, time-saver, work-saver. In oak, ma- Washington, he had access to Venezuelan oil interests same aides report that he was hogany, teak or walnut. For information call the fastnesses of the Demo- against the threat of import "positively aglow" during the Greatwood Products, Inc. at 212 675-6483 cratic party. He was the quotas sought by domestic Cuban . missile crisis. Like original contact man between producers. By means of a Cyrus Vance and Dean, Ache- the White House and the massive computer analysis, son on other occasions, Ball State House in Springfield, Ball identified virtually all did one of the 72-hour stints back in 1952, when President American companies selling of intense shuttling between Truman moved to make on the Venezuelan market. Athens and Ankara that have Stevenson, then Governor of He wrote to each of them, been periodically required to Illinois, the Democratic nomi- pointing out that restrictions damp down the Cyprus prob- O P nee for President. He served on impbrts of Venezuelan oil lem. "If it happened that two Effective immediately: MILDEW • MOTHS as chief of volunteers in the would limit Venezuelan ca- weeks of calm were to come the breath freshener Stevenson campaigns of 1952 pacity to buy the firms' prod- upon him," a State Depart- MUSTY ODOR WITH and 1956. In the 1960 cam- ucts. Many of the companies,. ment colleague says, "George that works as fast as paign that brought Kennedy at Ball's suggestion, took the would have to invent a you can draw a breath. to office, he was Stevenson's matter up with their represen- crisis." lieutenant, and the effective tatives in the Congress. While Ball is, of course, much Binaca boss, in the preparation of a Ball was on the job, the drive more than a mere operator— series of task force reports on for oil import quotas was he is also a man of ideas. WORKS LIKE SUNSHINE held off. FROM ATTIC TO foreign policy problems. "George thinks big," Dean BASEMENT As Monnet's man in Wash- Before becoming Under Sec- Rusk said of him the other Simply hang or place retary of State when Chester day. And Ball likes to refer in basement, closets, ington, it was Ball's responsi- drawers, kitchen, bility to maneuver the U.S. Bowles resigned that post in to himself as a "conceptual hamper, etc. November, 1961, Ball had the thinker." HANG If— FORGET IT! Government into positions Lasts favorable to the various ini- job of Under Secretary for Because he takes ideas 3 to 4 month? tiatives being taken in the Economic Affairs. The story seriously, Ball has none of the postwar decade toward Euro- of how he achieved that of- stuffiness or self-righteous- COMPLETELY NEW! lS5BJI°- fice, besides being a legend ness so common to high of- KEEPS FOOD IN REFRIGERATOR pean unity. Ball was one of FRESH, TASTEFUL. WORKS LIKE the very few Americans in- in the annals of Washington ficials. He will argue sub- MAGIC. STOPS ODORS FROM COOK- volved in drafting the Schu- job-hunting, is another ex- stance with anybody, and he ING, TOBACCO. PETS. ETC. 29$ Available at leading stores or write to JOHN CLARKE & CO., INC.&U890 420 Lexington Ave., N. Y. 17, N. Y. JULY 21, 1968 55 bargain: particularly likes sparring pean unity. Jean Monnet, the a strong backer of the Multi- of Latin America, Africa and the whole world with journalists. "Whether he chief dreamer of the Euro- Lateral Force. (M.L.F.) project South Asia. Indeed, he has agrees with you or not," says pean dream, is Ball's great for a nuclear fleet jointly not been sympathetic to the Carl Kaysen, the former hero—"a towering figure." owned and operated by the demands of black Africans Pan Am's 704-page "New ! White House aide who re- General de Gaulle, the chief United States and its Euro- for international pressure Horizons World Guide" '• costs only $2, and tells placed Robert Oppenheimer as obstacle to European unity, is pean allies, including the against the white regimes you now to get the most the director of the Institute Ball's bete noire: "One of the Germans. For much the same in Africa, notwithstanding out of your stay in 124 countries round theworld, * for Advanced Study, "Ball will destructive elements in the reason Ball had elaborate United States support of U.N. from Austria to Zambia. * meet you squarely on any larger chemistry of the West." doubts about a nonprolifera- resolutions favoring such Eagle-eyed, hard-to- ;-j * please, local Pan Am ex- -' issue. He has no side." tion treaty against the spread pressure. vperts report on 39 sub- ^ N his enthusiasm for the of nuclear weapons. He felt Yet the "neo-colonialist" jects in each country In his book, "The Discipline I that can mean the difference between a of Power," in an obvious shot European cause, Ball has that a chief practical effect charge is not altogether fair. •dream vacation and a disaster area: restau- at McGeorge Bundy, another found himself repeatedly at of such a treaty would be to When secession in Katanga, rants (good, top-notch, special), transporta- tion, weather, laundry and dry cleaning (ex- former White House aide who odds with the general line of deny nuclear weapons to the backed by most of the impor- pensive in Honduras, very prompt in Kenya), is now president of the Ford policy set by Presidents Ken- Germans while confirming the tant West European coun- electric current, food, water, what to bring British and French in their back, etc. You get the latest rates of best Foundation, Ball takes his nedy and Johnson. For ex- tries and by not a few Ameri- hotels, inexpensive little-known inns". .. plus stand as a man of ideas in ample, during 1966, when nuclear status. can Senators, threatened to scores of maps, photos, tips on tipping (against the law in Tahiti), clothes, currency the most explicit way. With most of the American Gov- But because it would have dismember the Congo, it was (100 Bulgarian stotinkis are worth 50«), vac- some heat, he wrote: "I have ernment was seeking British compromised relations with Ball who first pushed the cinations and visas, holidays, local customs, the Soviet Union over the sports, etc. Long used by all overseas State been disturbed over the years support for Vietnam, Ball Kennedy Administration into Department personnel. For your own copy, at the extent to which . . . < was arguing that London's in- German issue, the M.L.F. was a position of firm support for fill in and mail ad now with only $2. We pay never supported by President postage, all sales taxes. Return for full re- many of my academic friends, terest was to cut down its 1 an independent, unified Con- ' mmd if not satisfied. inspired no doubt by the commitments East of Suez in Kennedy, and was explicitly go. In December, 1961, in a yeasty air of the Potomac, order to adjust to European set aside by President John- strongly worded speech in have been so seduced by the realities. Back in 1962, when son more than two years ago Los Angeles, Ball said that Name- challenge of operational prob- the Treasury Department, —while Ball was still Under "the acceptance of armed lems as to renounce any at- with the blessing of President Secretary of State. As for the secession in a tribal area, no Address- tempt at conceptual thinking Kennedy, was seeking French nonproliferation treaty, Presi- matter how rich and well- as 'theology;* and in aid of support for international ar- dent Johnson has made it a supported, can lead only to their own abstractions, have rangements that would prop central feature of his effort disaster." And his opposition erected a specious dichotomy up the dollar and pound, Ball to better relations with the to pressure against the Union Pan Am Pnblifaiioiw Soviet Union. BalL did not Dej>i,TM-7,'P.O. Box 4124. Mew York. N.Y. 10017 between 'theologians' and was pushing for a monetary of South Africa, Southern 'pragmatists.'" policy, since adopted, that assume his U.N. post until Rhodesia and the Portuguese Central to Ball's thought is would not be dependent upon after Arthur Goldberg had colonies of Mozambique and THER thfe concept of scale. He often cooperation from Paris. successfully won approval for Angola is based on the con- uses the phrase "economies - Ball has long been con- the treaty in the General As- viction that such tactics will of scale" as a kind of short- cerned that the prospects for sembly in mid-June. not work and that the racial band, expressing his implicit European unity would be policies of these areas can be faith that large institutions, shattered if the West Ger- BFALL'S European empha- eased more effectively by in- whether corporations or col- mans came to feel that there sis has inspired charges that cluding them in larger Euro- leges or countries, tend, be- was discrimination against he is a "neo-colonialist pean trading entities. cause of their special access them, and in favor of Britain stooge" with respect to the For Ball is not sanguine to modern technology, to and France, in the nuclear underdeveloped, and often about the new countries' work better than small ones. field. For that reason, he was newly independent, countries chances for success, without As applied to foreign policy, this view accepts unblushing- ly the supremacy of the United States and the Soviet Union. "Today,"" Ball asserts, THE SUNDOWNER ... a handsome, "only a cohesive society with new chair to sink into when day is done. a population approaching 200 The unusual oiled walnut frame cradles a comfortably spacious leather seat and million and a national income back in your choice of bucksnede leath- of at least $300-billion can er or supple, soft, top-grain cowhide. claim a commanding position Black, olive, rust, gold, camel, chocolate, as a world power." red. S85. Rocker version, .'jyo. ,S1 pack- ing charge. Express Collect. No COD's. Ball argues that the well- being of other countries in the world lies in plugging into CRAFTER associations of similar scale, LF..VTHFRCRAFrF.R,Tl J, 303 E.5I St.,N.Y. 22. in merging small entities to PLaza 9-1955. New 34-page catalog, 25f. make great powers, in accept- Branch Store: 177-05 Union Turnpike ing "The Discipline of Power." Flushing. New York 11376, AX 1-0026 And he has applied that prin- ciple across the checkerboard END DENTURE MISERY of world problems. Ball has, for example, been REFITS the leading American expo- DENTURES nent of a united Western BETTER Europe. He believes that "the logic of Europe- is inescap- able." He was the principal Miracle plastic DENTURITE refits loose dentures infiv emin - American agent pushing the utes. This "Cushion of Comfort" abortive bids made first by eases sore gums. You eat anything. Prime Minister Harold Mac- Laugh, talk, even sneeze without millan and then by Prime embarrassment. No more food Minister Harold Wilson for particles under plates. DENTURITE lasts for months. British membership in the Ends daily bother of powder, European Common Market. paste or cushions. Just remove Through the Trade Act of when refit is needed. Tasteless. 1962 and the Kennedy round Former Under Secretary of State Ball is sworn in as Ambassador to the Odorless. Money back guarantee. of tariff cuts he has power- U.N. by Chief Justice Warren at White House ceremonies, June 24. At all drug counters. fully shaped American com-J Mrs* Ball and President Johnson look on. "He is one of the few MIRACLE PLASTIC mercial policy to foster Euro- denturite 56 THE NEW YORK TIMES MAGAZINE (£*;! W "; ^BB^jrf 66Ball has found himself repeatedly at odds with the general line of policy set by Presidents Kennedy and Johnson . . . He has at all times NEW! ALL STAINLESS STEEL been skeptical about the use of U.S. COFFEE BREWER" troops on the Asian mainland.99 with LIFETIME FILTER AUTHENTIC MAKES REAL COFFEE RIGHT IN THE CUP ORIENTAL TEMPURA PAN IN JUST 10 SECONDS* ' now cook fabulous goiirmel meals fast Trexclfv-vaire those French! Imagine rcalcoB>-- ruh. delicious, aromatic, sediment -free drip coffee fRfE WITH ORDER in less lime than it takes to apologize for "blah1' in- slants . . . and no costly paper filters to buy ever. 12 oz. BOX OF TEMPURA MIX One of world's most ingenious coffee makers — amazingly simple — nothing to get out of order. Some night soon, delight family, friends help from the industrialized Washington, is not very nice. Rustproof, stainproof. dishwasher- safe. All Season Wind Shirt. Our button- with a fantastic Tempura dinner — feathery-light, batter-crisped, mouth- Simply put your favorite drip grinJ into permanent down nylon wind shirt for men world. He foresees a series of In this view, Ball allows him- stainless fitter — add boiling water — Id seconds watering shrimp, lobster, fish, vege- later — a fresh, flavorful brew — and another gour- and women can be worn under tables! Achieve perfect results the very special economic relationships self to be used as the official met coffee-maker reputation is born! Isn't "CotTec sweaters or as an outer shell for first time you use our specially im- —particularly between West- opposition, the safe heretic, Brewer" for you — for home, office, (ravel? ported utensils, the self-same ones used the controlled schismatic, On (complete with filler) postpaid outdoor activities the year round. in the finest Oriental homes and ern Europe and Africa and restaurants. "Thoughtful Hostess" or ~ - *, __ Of drip dry two-ply nylon, it has this country and Latin who raises objections and "Spare-for-the-Otficts"SpBci0t: 2 for $3.75 pp Special lO'/i" heavy all-steel Temp- a reinforced collar and a roomy ura Pan is uniquely designed to assure America. He feels constrained then allows orthodoxy to go Wait order* ftlli-il promptly. Monfv-hack gwiramtf. pocket. Women's in pink, bright fast frying to prevent fat saturation. to point out, as he told a its way, fortified in the belief Extra deep cooking well eliminates COLONIAL GARDEN ti& green, navy, yellow, white. Sizes U.N. conference on trade and that the critics have been met . Mciriclc ftd., ValHy Stream to. HSO/ messy oil splatter. Heavily plated at- S, M, L. Men's in navy, white, for- tached wire rack drains off surplus development back in 1964, and mastered. As one high oil. acts as food warmer. State Department official est green, yellow. Sizes S, M, L, XL. Also included: wire skimming spoon, that "special responsibilities $6.00 Postpaid. Send for free catalog chopsticks for stirring — everything in the area of trade are likely once put it: "Ball is a sophis- you need — plus simple, full directions, TALBOTS • DEPT. AB. HINCHAM, MASS. 0204) and choice Tempura recipes! to carry with them special ticated *yes* man." SPECIAL responsibilities in the area of . LOW INTRODUCTORY PRICE: Ball, of course, offers a dif- Complete Tempura Set only $4.95 ppd. .politics and even of defense." ferent explanation. "I am a IN SKIN CARE! (2 for $9.50) TEMPURA BATTER: Imported mix, With respect to East Asia, blunt man," he says. "I tell COCOA BUTTER blended by master Japanese chefs. Ball is impressed by Japan people what I think in clear (Oil of Theobroma) Enough for 40 generous "man-sized" and has been active in pro- and unmistakable terms. But Nature's Finest Oil is Today's portions. Just add water! Cosmetic News Sensation! 12 oz. box 89c — 2 boxes, $1.65. moting closer ties between I don't play games with them. Mall orders filled promptly. Satisfaction guaranteed HERE'S A SOAP MADE OF II! Hershey Tokyo and the rest of the I don't try to put something Estates has taken the world's number one . COLONIAL GARDEN^* T-7-2IBI world. But China does not over. Thus there can be dis- skin conditioner-highly refined cocoa butter X270 w. Merrick Road, Valley Stream. N.Y. 11582X -and enpertly Simulated it into this world come anywhere near meeting agreement and trust at the famous soap ... the ultimate in cleansing his definition of great-power same time." Impossibly square and conditioning. Your complexion will status. He refers to the as that explanation may love its supreme mildness. Hershey Estates Special Sample Asian mainland as "periph- sound to some, it is borne out COCOA BUTTER. SOAP eral" to the main American in at least two important GIFT BOXED: 3 cakes personal size or 2 Survey Winner" Offer! cakes bath size or 5 cakes large guest size interest. For that reason he cases. or 10 cakes guest'size for $1.75. postpaid. has at all times been skeptical SPECIAL: 6 boxes $10.00; First, there is the case of 12 boxes $19.25. (NoC.O.O.'s) about the wisdom of using Dean Rusk. Ball is one of the HERSHEY ESTATES Imported American troops on the Asian very few people around who Dept 22 • Hershey, Pa. 17033 "LEOPARD" ROBE ICED DRINK mainland to oppose Commu- have had an easy relationship A fake it it, but you'll be surprised nist political pressures. From with the Secretary of State. how like the real thing! Speculation will SPOONS 1961 forward, in a series of run high when you use it in the car or SET OF 4 -ONLY "There are just no problems," boat, for den or dorm, as to whether (MfB.'s SUQ. Rttlill Pflo* $•) memoranda and position pa- this all cotton printed cover is fur or Ball says. But that is in large not. From Western Germany. About The winner in our new- pers which fill out two bulg- pattern popularity survey, the part because Ball took im- 51" i 41". Hand Washable. lovely Rose Rpyalc. now ing loose-leaf notebooks, Ball yours in this exciting sample mense pains to be straight No. 4706, $5.98 each. 2 (or $11.85 ppd offer that can save you over expressed strong reservations with the Secretary. As Under 60%. When you thrill to the WATCH RUST DISAPPEAR Write for FREE catalog of unusual itsms. flowing lines, the delicate ac- about virtually every step in Secretary he used to make a ** / \ Please, your zip code is required. cent of roses, you'll know the escalation of the war in point of seeing Rusk at the /J/frjfvf 0 BePt- 2507-A why Rose Royale is Amer- \£*rCftVrf-S EVANSfON,ILL.«OM4y ica's sweetheart. Imagine 1 Vietnam. Though against a elegance of serving iced end of each day, dropping drinks, summer dessert unilateral withdrawal because around to the Secretary's of- with 8" lone, richly electroplated gold of its damaging consequences fice for a drink just to find spoons with lifetime to stability elsewhere, he has stainless steel base. out what was on Rusk's mind. Only J3 ppd. at all times worked for a He never took a position on Insured postal delivery. Satisfaction guaranteed political settlement. He has a controversial issue without Write for free been prepared to talk to the letting Rusk know his views "regal living" goldenware brochures National Liberation Front; in advance. Even when Rusk GOLDENWARE and he has pushed for a P.O. Box 1297, Annex Station, was abroad, and Ball had to Dept.M-IO, Providence, R.I. 02901 broadening of the Govern- Use on pipes, fences, 10# @ .45/lb. 526 make decisions on his own, he tools, tank*. c«ui, ment in Saigon—not because would always try to check trucks, all machinery. I0# @ 1.50/lb. $15 EllmlnDes sandblast- 4# @ 2.00/lb. $ 8 of some vague feelings about with Rusk by telephone be- ing, tcraplng. etc. #4 postpaid—other units democratic rule but as a Euy and quick FOB Cleveland fore speaking out. MEREDITH SEPARATOR CO. means to such a settlement. His relationship with Lyn- 1000 Wager Street STANDARD don Johnson is another case Cleveland, Ma. (Missouri} 64734 Instant Water Fun for Anyone BLACK DIAL PHONE BECAUSE Ball has been at in point. Ball is that rare high It's NEW . . . it's Fun ... even for a 2 B, * Have all the alrantages _ yr. old one. Supporting all persons, variance with the Administra- official who has left the Ad- » an extra nhone without In- weighing 20 Ibs. to 250 Ibs. Original, * creasing your pliant bill! tion on so many critical ministration without then be- unique Swim Wings t.rrt. made in U.S., I Various models built by school gives comfort and confidence with head- y Western Electric or Kellogg points, there has been a ing put down by the White up floating. Adjustable size and buoyancy. J an* reconditioned with new CimjIsH WIM-jnmt lively question as to how he House. He is one of the few Secure, can't slip off. Has all built-in * Wrti. Ready to plug in and ^ ,,„,„ ,„, „„,, and college features I in'one. Now you can swim andt Add $1.50 postviKe & hH.n JULY 21, 1968 57 ministration. On his last day as Under Secretary of State, before going to Lehman Broth- ers, the President said to him: "I have a joke on Lehman Brothers." When Ball asked 20 WOOD him to explain, the President told the following story: A German farmer in Texas, SAMPLES known for his sour temper, ...Hit atcnl at tost, ««r gourmet cooking! with woodworkers Catalog AUTHENTIC COVERED LET Constantino's picture-packed suddenly became the chirpiest Catalog-Manual help you build fellow in town. When asked new furniture — refinisn, restore beat-up tables, chairs, chests, about the change, he said . . . plus genuine Chinese recipes! cabinets, etc. See everything you that he had a joke on Schnei- The secret of truly fabulous Oriental need lor easier, and better, wood- cuisine lies within the 12" diameter of working. All the necessary mate- der. His wife, the farmer ex- our handmade, heavy steel Wok. The rials plus plans, and instructions.! Wok is specially constructed to tender- SO glamorous woods in lull color.' plained, had started to go out cook meat or fish, yet keeps vegetables Ktw Uocr-Sttini Products with Schneider. "She sleeps fresh and crisp. Just add a little oil to 2JOO Pnfrcb the bottom of the pan; as the food be- Fabulous glue that needs no In Shop t Hurnl with me for nothing," he said, gins to brown, whisk it up the sides to clamps. Pre-woven cane. Lamp Worts. Veneers complete cooking. Oil drains down, parts. Period and modem furni- Craft Tnts "but she charges Schneider leaving only the succulent full flavor of ture hardware. Wood finishes. Upholstery Sup. five dollars." gourmet cooking. And no more scouring Your goldmine of money-saving Sfielvlnj, Mold. away burned-on foods. products not found elsewhere in Chair Cane Kit The President concluded: Complete with (1) specially designed stores or by mail. Unsurpassed Guitar Woods "And I've got a joke on Leh- cover for steaming, for keeping flavor values! Est. 1812. 101 Project Ueas "locked in;" (2) ring stand for use over man, because they're paying any Same burner; (3) full, simple in- 41 Accept this oiler to own fascinating set of 20 2«4 specimens of world's glamorous veneers you a hundred thousand dol- structions; (4) authentic Chinese recipe — Rosewood, Satinwood, Lacewood, Walnut, Ma- collection. hogany, Zebra, Purpleheart, etc.! Compare! Then lars a year, but you're work- A rare valuer 12" Wok-Complele instantly identify finest woods wherever you go. ing for me for nothing." $8.50 each ppd. 2 lor $15.45 it SEND ONLY $1 for Wood Samples and Wood- 14" Wok-Complete workers Catalog. Dollar refunded on first order, Ball served on a special ad- $9.50 •»<* ppd. Z for $17.45 Catalog without samples, 25?. visory committee to the Pres- Bamboo Chopsticks-serve in authentic ...» 2052"* ^Chester ident on Vietnam—a commit- Oriental manner! 10 pairs— $1.75 ppd. CONSTANTINE Bronx N.Y. 10461 tee that had a good deal to Mall orders filled promptly. Satisfaction guaranteed. do with the President's deci- COLONIAL GARDEN D.Pt.T-7.2iA sion to cut off the escalation i70 W.Merricli Road.Valley Stream, H.T.11 582, of the war and make a new try for peace after the Tet Imagine! offensive. He was also called It's Fun! It's Revealing! A French back at the time of the Pueblo Import that crisis, and gave counsel along Sharpens Your Mind! BLENDS. MIXES, the lines of letting the hot AMftZIW HEW SCIENTIFIC KIT WHIPS, tempers stirred by the ship TO TEST YOUR BEATS, seizure cool down. POURS, JUICES. Ball dancing with Mrs. Robert McNamara at a STRAINS. WH'HEN the President's call MEASURES to take on the U.N. job came Washington gala. He has a taste for rich foods, swank AND COSTS at the end of April, Ball was residences, limousines and high and mighty friends. UNDER $5! not surprised. In fact, he had Meet KITCHEN MARVEL, tiny wonder declined the post when he Vietnam all along. He now Presidency immediately after that does "big machine" job—and Is so had been sounded out on it at much, handier I Even if you own an elec- speaks with enormous author- Lyndon Johnson took himself tric mixer, you'll use KITCHEN MAR- the time of Adlai Stevenson's EXTRASENSORY PERCEPTION VEL dally right at table to fresh-blend ity inside the Administration. out of the race on March 31.. Developed by an Engineer/mathematician. salad dressing, whip cream, juice or- death in 1965. This time the No expert can fog anything Though the two men have Tells ft you can read minifa, are psychic. anges or lemons, mix and pour batter claitroyant, have a sixth senset Are you tor pancakes, whip up delicious Ice appeal was not easy to re- by him. If anybody tries to been at odds on many sub- puzzled by your uncanny ability to read cream drinks for kiddles, daiquiris and people, predict events, pick a winning other frozen goodies lor guests. sist. The President reached talk about just gaining a lit- jects, including European pol- stock, horse? Find out why. Test your Simple one-haqd operation—Just twist- special cuts with the unique new scientific twin nylon power beaters mix anything Ball by phone on the West tle more time for the pacifica- icy, in the past, and though PICO ESP TEST KIT! In seconds. Spatterproof cover lets you Beautiful, lasting colorful kit In red plastic add ingredients without removing. Spill- Coast. He told him Goldberg tion program in the hamlets, Ball was a far more consistent case with cards and score-cards! Easy-to- proot spout. No complicated parts to follow Instructions Included. Can be played was leaving, and that he George will cut him off at and vigorous foe of our by one or a group! Ideal hostess, Don assemble. High-impact styrene, 8" high, voyage, birthday, thanfe-you gift! Take it 5" wide. 25 oz. capacity. would like to appoint him. the knees. He's a great guy Vietnam policy than Hum- with you on vacations, trips. Only $4.98 each postpaid He said heyknew how hard to have on our side." phrey, they have recently Only $3.95 2 for $9.50 Ball had been working for (2) Ball is not unaware of been seeing quite a bit of Send for the PICO ESP TEST KIT now Mail orders ftllca promptly. peace in Vietnam. He indicat- . . . while ik Anita 1* in your mind! Battotacttm guarantees. the value-of the U.N. post as each other. In particular, Money back guarantee. ed he was calling him back Dept. NTT 3V. Product Innovators Co. a point of contact, particular- Humphrey has been talking to Box 22, Wot Long Branch, N. 1. 01764 COIONIAL GARDEN** 1-7-21 c to help in the job of getting Imorlnted kit makes unique ules proHotlw 270 W. Merrick Road, Valley Stream, N.V. 11582 ly between the Big Two. But Ball about ways in which the item. IniHirlet wrinme*. on with the peace. After he feels that most issues be- Vice President might readjust checking with his associates fore the U.N. are probably his Vietnam stance. In these at Lehman Brothers, Ball "on the shelf" until the Gen- circumstances, it is only log- signed on. eral Assembly meets next fall. ical to assume that if Hum- Three reasons seem to have For his own part, he is de- phrey were elected, Ball would dictated Ball's decision: termined not to build up the come under serious considera- (1) Most important, there U.N, post in the public eye tion as a candidate for Sec- Selling is the chance to work within to the point that people get retary of State. the Government toward a the impression it is indepen- He was perfectly happy as a Vietnam settlement. Ball is dent of Washington. Indeed, banker at Lehman Brothers. by mail? not optimistic that Hanoi is Jiis hope is that he can unin- "Somebody should have told disposed to reach agreement flate it, so that the next Pres- me about banking before," he Here's the place to start— before the election this fall. ident will not feel obliged to says. But there is not much The New York Times But if the other side is ready appoint a star attraction with doubt which way he would Magazine. For full for an agreement, Ball can independent political power jump if the job of Secretary information about cir- play a big role behind the to the job. of State were offered. "No- culation; distribution, scenes in shaping American (3) Ball may be looking body," he says, "who has done costs and closing time, policy toward accommoda- upon the U.N. post as a step- what I have done, who has write The New York tion. As one State Depart- pingstone. Like virtually spent his whole adult life in Times, Mail-order Ad- ment official participating in everybody else long resident the world of international af- vertising Dept, Times the Paris talks on Vietnam in Washington, he has known fairs, could possibly say he PORTRAITS, INC. Square, New York, N. Y. put it: "Events have made it Hubert Humphrey for years. wouldn't want to be Secretary Your choice of today's foremost seem that Ball was right, on portrait painters and sculptures 10036. He supported him for the of State. I'd love it." • 41 EAST 57th ST, NEW YORK 58 THE NEW YORK TIMES MAGAZINE Missa 14 Ifii * te flit «dtaaati iii f^s Si S5 mi %!i!0 is- ^s3^ «f ffee i oB ts ^ i tgm s If it t© ftei* AJ In s-f «*f tfe© Stiff/to cc. .®e. "' Mr. $ .Mr. K0rle Mars. I g&t. s^fiuigffisait fc lear Ifejrk pmr I' S MISSION PERMANENTE DE LA BELGIOUE AUPRES DES NATIONS UNIES New-York, le 29 juillet 1968 UNITED NATIONS PLAZA, NE VV YOR K, N.Y. IOOI7 TELEPHONE 632-8IOO S03065 Monsieur le Secretaire general, Comme nous tous, vous connaissez les conditions precaires dans lesquelles est assure, depuis quelque temps, le trafic a 1'aeroport international de Kennedy. Or, la situation, loin de s'ameliorer, tend au contraire a s'aggraver et a revetir un caractere quasi permanent. Les causes de cet etat de choses sont probablement multiples et complexes et il ne paralt guere simple d'y porter remede. Je m1inquiete cependant, pour ma part, des repercussions que de si longs delais d'atten- te, aussi bien au depart qu'a 1Tatterrissage, peuvent avoir sur les deplacements des personnalites officielles qui viennent en mission aux Nations Unies. Dans quelques semaines, 1' ouverture de 1'Assemblee generale amenera S. New-York un grand nombre de Ministres des Affaires etran- geres et de delegues de haut rang. II serait extremement facheux que ceux-ci doivent subir les inconvenients, voire meme les risques, de 1'encombrement actuel de 1'aeroport. Peut-§tre jugerez-vous possible d'appe- ler I1attention des autorites americaines sur cette situa- tion et voudrez-vous examiner la possibilite d'insister aupres d'elles pour qu'elles etudient sans delai les moyens propres a y porter remede. D'avance, je vous en remercie. Je vous prie d'agreer, Monsieur le Secretaire general, I1assurance de ma tres haute considera- tion. C0 Schuurflnans Representant permanent de la Belgique Monsieur lo Secretairo general do 1'Organisation do.s Nations Unies, New-York BOSTON GLOBE, Friday, 27 September 1968 DARIUS S. JHABVALA correspondent by a ranking Union will be in open con- had much experience and much bewilderment over the ;jGfobe Dislomttfe Correspondent Soviet official on Wednes- frontation over such issues as intimate knowledge of the interim appointment of J. j> UNITED NATIONS — day. Vietnam, Czechoslovakia, issues -and would have been Russell Wiggins, 64, editor ^The resignation of George While almost all were con- disarmament. West Ger- of significant assistance to of the Washington Post. W. Ball as ambassador to the fident that Ball was slated many, the Middle East and Rusk during the negotia- Wiggins career, beginning in United Nations caught diplo- for the post of secretary of the Western Alliance. tions. 1922 as a reporter for the jjnats and officials here by state if Vice President Hu- Almost all of these issues Again, even though Ball, Rock Country Star, Luverne, complete surprise. bert Humphrey won the pre- are scheduled for private 58, has been U.N. Ambassa- Minn., has been in the news- jj In a brief statement, Sec- sidential election, the West- discussions between Secre- dor for little over four paper field. retary General U Thant said ern allies are dismayed that tary of State Dean Rusk, So- months, he was quite famil- While he will have the £e understands the reasons the U.S. leadership, in this viet Foreign Minister Andrei iar with the internal machi- full support of a very able jtor Ambassador Ball's deci- arena is being changed as a Gromyko and more than 50 nations and politics of the staff at the mission, one im- sion to 'resign which was crucial moment. other foreign ministers ex- organization which is a great portant element, namely Unexpected. The General Assembly, pected in New York early asset in debating items on personal diplomacy distilled |; He expressed "regret" that the world organization's par- next week. the agenda. His absence, from long experience, will |heir relationship here has liamentary body, began its Ball, besides being one of both at the U.N. and as an be lacking. adviser to Rusk, will make peen so short. Hints of some •annual sessions on Tuesday the most eloquent and force- Thus, many suspect that Impending, change^irt. Ball's - -and for the next three fujl,, advocates of administra- itself felt. President Johnson, cha- |tatus '' months the U.S. and Soviet tion polices in the U.N. has In this, respect, there is grinedlvby recent comments of ', TrSnt, has chosen to downgrade the UN and As- sembly'during the remainder of the administration's term. One question asked here after Ball's announcement is; Why did he resign at this time? There,j;is,= riOvclearcut an- Seeretar^tfeRtoa^al t'&© rsasoas for Aiabaasador Ball's U ISia^fej. x?hil«* reg3?e1rtl33g tfeele 3ped.atioaship bere has 'been so &*•» Ball 'well in his future KEW YORK TIMES, Friday = 2? September 1968 assador Ball Left Johnson for Humphrey ^t-L " biff? —t| -%. i By JAMES RESIGN with President Johnson. He last Sunday night what he in- lieve that he will be much more There is no better evidence thought about it, but concluded tended to do and the President successful In helping Mr. Hum- of the difference between Presi- he would have even less influ- not only agreed but apparently phrey get into the White House dent Johnson and Vice Presi- ence by quitting than by stay- did so in good spirit. Mr. John- than he was with Mr. Steven- dent Humphrey on Vietnam ing on. Humphrey, of course, son put the Presidential jet at son. policy than the decision of has taken the same position, Mr. Ball's disposal and then Beyond Vietnam George Ball to resign as Mr. but it is clear that Mr. Ball sent it on to Maine to pick up did not leave President John- Ambassador Ball's successor, Nevertheless, he is likely to Johnson's Ambassador -at the give a new dimension to the United Nations to be Mr. Hum- son in the end because he J. Russell, Wiggins, editor and thought the President and the executive vice president of The Vice President's discussion cf phrey's principal adviser in the foreign policy problems. Mr. election campaign. Vice President had identical Washington Post, who" was put- views on Vietnam. ting up his boat for the winter Humphrey has not been able to Mr. Ball knows them both break out of the Vietnam con- well. He went through the He clearly thought Hum- when the news of his appoint- ment to the U.N. was announced. troversy or to impose upon that making of Mr. Johnson's Viet- phrey's Vietnam policy was controversy any consistent and nam policy as Under Secretary much closer to his own than to Those Lost Causes wide vision of the nation's of State, protesting all the way President Johnson's. He felt he overseas problems. Until this against committing more and might help make that clear by Mr. Ball's addition to Mr. week, his foreign-policy speeches more troops and extending the devoting the next six weeks to Humphrey's campaign staff is have lacked that sense of scope U.S. bombing. In fact, he stayed Humphrey's campaign, and par- not necessarily a good omen. and scale so essential in Presi- at the State Department as long ticularly by helping lift the He is one of the foremost Stu- dential pronouncements, and be- as he did only because, in fair- campaign debate on foreign dents of American foreign pol- yond that, he has often seemed ness to the President, Mr. policy oat of the present rut of icy today, and if by chance.he to be talking as if he were run- Johnson wanted him to stay as slogans and trivialities into a had been Secretary of State ning for the Senate rather than the official opponent of that much more serious discussion instead of Under Secretary, in for the Presidency. policy, and Mr. Ball stood it of the realities and priorities of the critical years of the Viet- Mr. Ball has been arguing for as long as he could. America's present position in nam, build-up, the history of the years now for a fundamental Humphrey's Position the world. American tragedy in Southeast reappraisal of American foreign During this time Mr. Ball Beyond that, Ambassador Asia might have been quite policy, for a clear definition of knew very well, first, that Mr. Ball had another reason for different. He does, however, priorities which would put the Humphrey was not consulted joining Humphrey. When he have an affinity for lost causes. unification of Europe and the by the President on many Viet- was in Europe recently, medi- He was a "partner in Adlai Soviet problem back in the fore- nam decisions, and second, tating on the future and the Stevenson's law firm in Chicago front of Washington's concerns. that, no matter how much Mr. present plight of Humphrey's and worked valiantly and un- He will have no trouble in Humphrey proclaimed his loy- campaign, he decided that he successfully for Mr. Stevenson's convincing Humphrey that this alty to the President, the Vice didn't want to wake up on election to the Presidency in is an essential first step in the President had serious doubts Nov. 6 and find Richard Nixon 1952 and 1956. He failed again next administration, and if Mr. about the direction and em- elected President of the United in his persistent efforts to con- Humphrey does manage to suc- phasis of that policy. States, without making a seri- vince both President Kennedy ceed in the end, Mr. Ball may .George Ball, like Humphrey, ous effort to make' clear that and Johnson that Vietnam was very well be given the task of a«ney,e? :felt-.tjiativhis opposition he regards a Nixon victory as not a vital but a secondary presiding over the State Depart- a disaster. interest of the United States, ment;jn;.any>Humphre' y admin-; |jfied{ :^^'injii6reak|n|« = openly So he told President Johnson and there is no reason to be- NEW YORK TIMES, Friday, 2? September gleet of a Critical By DREW MIDDLETON lating through the press section. Special to The New Yonk limes Concernj Is Voiced However, one diplomat pointed out, Mr. Thant could not com- UNITED NATIONS,r N. Y, Over Resignations Sept. 26—The" United Nations, plain., , The Secretary General had which has tossed many a and Vacancies not w_arhed Mr. Ball or the brickbat in Washington's direc- Administration that he intended tion recently,-:-iiow' finds: itself portunitjr they provide to be on to suggest a resolution demand- : being treated by -the; Adminis- ; the inside, to rub shoulders ing an end of the United States tratiohv with, little- respect "and with- i-thefgreat arid, to/, attend bombing of North Vietnam. scant- attention: "'George Wr the "receptions, -cocktail parties Some delegates and mem- Ball, .whose: appointment'; '-as. an^d- dinners''that'.'brighten the bers of the Secretariat inter- chief Tofjthe/United:-States-dele^ Assembly session, • •• pret .the present American atti- gation • was • .con- f 0 Mr;. Ball's short, hot summer tude toward the United Na- "=f irmed - only - •yes- at the -United Nations began tions as representing an omi- News . v-.:te r day ;< f ^resigned si June '26 and lasted three'nous shift. Analysis :jtoday,;; four days months," until .today.1 Its high The world' organization has jbefore a scheduled points, most diplomats agreed, always felt certain that it could '.•:•' .-.-£ speech explaining were his:scathing;attatk:on the count on full American support, United States rpolicyr to?the,23d Soviet"•' invasion;. of Czecho-: no matter how often or how session of the General- Assemi Slovakia " before;..- the -Security severely the United States was bly, Council in August and his-sub- criticized here and how much Russelfe Wiggins, editor of 3. 1 ; seiment thrusts at^the Sovietjresentment this created in The Washington Post ,- who rhas ambassador, Yakov/ A.-Malik, Washington. beert appointed to < succeedf/Mr. which upset that usually bland Every Administration, it was Ball, has had no diplomat felt here, was so deeply com- nectibn with 'the- :United:- :Na- mitted by past statements of tions.or, it ::. appears,:.; with; the i: -•.; Thrusts at Soviet policy that it must demonstrate diplomatic' community here, 5 ? Secretary General: Thant was interest and support for the or- "Who is Mr>' Wiggins?" ;a be- informed this afternoon ,of ,Mr. ganization. mused~Europeari-dipTomat asked BalKs; resignation : by, William Since the United States cus- a reporter. B>;; Buffum, de.puty v permanent tomarily picks up -over 30 per ; ' ^Damned: if '•i ;=know,V said representatiye o'f 'the "United cent of. the bill for United Na- thej-repor'.ter. .. . . tions costs, any coolness to- Another ••:, aspeet.1 of;.', the •'•'• Adr Mr> ijtant in • a,- short state- ward it arouses qualms about ministration's;^ ciirrenfe neglfiet ment said he understood the the future.' of--the-world' .organization i&ireasoris for_ Mr.; ;BalrV un- For, as one 'diploniat pointed that two of the Ifr placesjon expected decision to'resign. He out, while the organization wel- the United States delegation to said he regretted] thatntheir re- comes the support of the new the General Assembly have not lationship here had been so nations, it needs the fullest ; r** been filled ; although ..the short and wished Mr. Ball well. political involvement and fi- JHMemhJy; opened on Tuesday. 4 The Secretary --••:. General nancial support of tha. United '•.. vfhis::;is .-^uriusuaL-. Such palaces' learned about Mr. -Ball's resigna- States to remaima^, ill^iiiigliJjfepTJzed: for', the' 'op- tion after the news was circu- cern. ' W^v- NEW YORK TIMES, Friday, 2? September 1968 Statements and Letters in Resignatioffof $all From Post at U.N. Special to The New Tonk Times many different capacities in few men in public life who that I may devote all my; my present course of action. friendship, his confidence, WASHINGTON, Sept. 26— my Administration as well as command such universal re- time and energy between now I hope that other anxious and for the high privilege of in the Administrations of the spect as does Russell Wig- serving twice under his wise Following are the texts of a gins. I believe, and my asso- and Nov. 5 to help assure the men and women—realisti- leadership. statement by President John- other Presidents. ciates in the Government be- election of Hubert Humphrey cally facing the full implica- son announcing acceptance As Ambassador Ball's suc- lieve, that he will bring'to and the defeat' of Richard tions of the choice now con- Ball Letter of the resignation of George cessor to this position of the United Nations, in a crit- Nixon. fronting them—will also de- Dear Mr. President: W. Ball as permanent United great responsibility and op- ical hour, the qualities of My decision has not been cide to work actively for For the compelling reasons States representative at the portunity, I have asked one understanding, good judgment taken lightly. It stems from Vicex President Humphrey. that I have explained to you, of America's most respected and compassion—deep com- a solemn assessment of my To avoid any misunder- I am today submitting my United Nations, of a state- citizens to cap1 his long ca- passion—that has marked his obligations to my country, standing of my motives and resignation as United States ment by Mr. Ball, of Mr. reer of public service by be- life and his work to this my family, and my own con- purposes, I wish to state permanent representative to Ball's letter of resignation coming his country's Ambas- hour. victions. It reflects my firm flatly that after the Novem- the United Nations. and of a letter from the sador to the United Nations.' I am very proud that Rus- belief that during the years ber election I shall retuifo In doing so, let me repeat President to Mr. Ball: I intend to send to the Senate sell Wiggins has consented immediately ahead our nation promptly to private life. I what I am sure you already Johnson Statement this afternoon the name of to join pur official family to will face unparalleled dan- have asked the Vice Presi- know: that over the years I Mr. James Russell Wiggins, serve his country in a most gers and opportunities in the dent not to consider me for have found deep gratification I have asked you to come editor of The Washington vital and important post larger world arena. any post in his Administra- in serving twice under your here for a brief announce- Post, as the United States' after so many years as a To surmount those dangers tion. wise leadership and that I ment. representative to the United very wise and constructive and utilize those opportuni- My decision takes full ac- hold, and will always hold, I have accepted, with re- Nations.. .objective observer of public 'ties will require leadership count of my present public for you the highest respect luctance, the resignation of I consider this appointment affairs. with the most exacting quali- duties. I could not give up and affection. Ambassador George Ball as of the highest distinction. The As he enters the arena of ties of mind and spirit It is my responsibilities at the Most sincerely, the United States permanent name Russell Wiggins stands policy-making, I am confi- essential that the President United Nations if I thought GEORGE W. BALL representative to the United for integrity in American jour- dent that America and the of the United States be a that my resignation would in Nations. nalism. He is a past president world have gained a great man with settled principles any way impair the effective Johnson Letter I understand that he will of the American Society of; advocate for peace and for and clear vision. It is not representation of the United I accept your resignation be issuing a statement cov- Newspaper Editors. He is a justice in the affairs of man. enough to have had some ex- States in the Security Coun- of September 25 with a re- ering the reasons for his distinguished author. He is a I might add that Secretary posure to foreign affairs. Far cil or the General Assembly. luctance which will be un- resignation shortly at a press nian of broad learning in Rusk, and my associates in in- more important, he must However, I have given this derstood by all who know conference at the State De- international affairs. He has ternational affairs, Mr, [Walt possess the perception and careful thought, as has Presi- the quality of your work in partment, which we agreed had my confidence and my W.] Rostow, Mr. George Ball compassion that will enable dent Johnson, and we are the Government. on last night. acquaintance and respect for and others, feel as I do, that him to feel and understand agreed that there are other I must, however, accept As you will see from his many, many years. thisj$ to appointment of the the epic forces now at work highly experienced individ- your judgment on an issue announcement, it has nothing He began his distinguished highest distinction. in a fast-changing world. uals, any one of whom could which you feel to be one of to do with public policy but career with The Rock County Thank you very much. These are the qualities serve in this capacity with conscience. does have something to do Star in Luverne, Minnesota, needed to guide our country distinction for himself and I thank you again for your with domestic politics. back in 1922. From that time Ball Statement toward a stable and lasting honor for our country. dedicated and distinguished As my letter to Mr. Ball until today he has been con- I have submitted to Presi- peace. It is because I am I have told President John- contribution to the public indicates, I feel most grateful cerned — deeply concerned — dent Johnson my resignation convinced that Hubert Hum- son not only of my decision service. I shall always re- for his dedicated and distin- with bringing the truth to as United States permanent phrey has those qualities and but of the soul-searching call warmly, George, the guished contributions to the the American public through representative to the United Richard Nixon lamentably logic that led me to make it. time you served with me. public-service; which has coy- ;the medium of the free press. Nations. lacks them that..r,am com,-,.-, I,haye,^ expressed to him my Sincerely, .ered-. ,'• niajtiy:. /years,. and in I believe that there are I have taken this step so pelled by irjrjr$!fJs3 gratitude for his LYNDON B. JOHNSON HEW JfORK TIMES, |i6iu':It;is not enough tof haye jJVUi^.^lH*- i» A^*0.i.>4i*uv '^uft* StlLj had7•some exposure to foreign Ball sougfitj to convey the im- affairs. Far more important, he pression that his resignation must possess the perception was motivated by deep oppo- and compassion that will en- . sition to Mr. Nixon and not by able him to feel and under- Humphreyrr-I ?: haye*: n any disagreement with the Ad- stand the epic forces now at what'Mr.' Nikott ^.w6uld'=;oo/ ministration over foreign work in a fast-changing world." Some observers also specu- IS NAMED He said he was "convinced lated that if Mr. Ball did at- policy. Although loyal to the that Hubert Humphrey has tempt to move Mr. Humphrey President, Mr. Ball has.. consist- those qualities." away from the President on ently held dovish'views, on the Mr. Ball said his decision to Vietnam he would encourage a Chief of Delegation Declares Vietnam war. become " a principal foreign gradual separation and not any Linked to Politics . policy adviser" to Mr. Hum- dramatic break. Nixon Is Unfit to Direct phrey "was entirely my idea" Mr. Ball, 58 years old, served Nation's Foreign Affairs In his announcement in the and was arrived at last week for nearly six' years in the No. Cabinet Room at- the White in Europe. On his return this 3 and No. 2 positions at the House the President said Mr.- weekend, he said, "I telephoned State Department, as Under my decision to the President in Secretary of State for Econom- Ball's resignation "has nothing Texas" and also discussed it POLICY RIFT DISCOUNTED to do with public policy but ic Affairs and then as Under with Secretary of State Dean Secretary, before resigning in does have something to do with Rusk. the fall of 1966 to become the domestic politics." He talked with Mr. Hum- chairman of Lehman Brothers Successor,J.RusseII Wiggins Mr. Ball declared that "soul- phrey on Monday night, he Ltd., an investment banking of The Washington Post, searching logic" had led hinvto said, and "at 5:30 last night I concern. resign because "during the met the President and he ac- : Began as a Lawyer ' cepted my decision, recogniz- Is Praised by Johnson years immediately ahead our ing it as a matter of con- | He began his Washington nation will face unparalleled science." career as a Government lawyer dangers and opportunities in White House sources said the in the Roosevelt Administra- President and Mr. Ball then tion, and has been a Democrat Texts »f the statements and the larger world arena." throughout his career. "To surmount those dangers worked out the procedure for letters are^on Page 20. the virtually simultaneous an- Mr. Wiggins, 64 years old, is and utilize those opportunities nouncement of his resignation an old acquaintance of the By NEIL SHEEHAN will require leadership with the |today, and then conferred on a President and has been consist- 'most exacting qualities of mind however, whether Mr. Ball had ently sympathetic toward Mr. Special to The New York Tlmc» Johnson's Vietnam policy. WASHINGTON, Sept. 26— successor. It was unknown, recommended Mr. Wiggins for His views have been reflected President Johnson announced, the job. in Post editorials, which have today the resignation of George The sources said that Mr. disagreed at times with details W. Ball as chief United States' Jail had told the President of Vietnam policy but have representative to the United. he was appalled at the foreign supported the President's essen- policy consequences of a vic- tial war aims.' ; Nations .and nominated James Unlike a numbe_r of other Russell Wiggins, editor and ex- tory by Mr. Nixon and that the President had accepted the liberal newspapers in the coun- ecutive vice president of 'TJie, depth of Mr. Ball's feeling and try, The Post has not called Washington Post, to succeed was not annoyed at his resig- for a complete halt in the bomb- him. •• '...: ':'-'<'/'s -/ i^: ;.'- nation. ing of North Vietnam at this . Mr.' Ball, a former .Under No Speculation on Break time. The President praised Mr. Secretary of State, will become But there was Immediate Wiggins today as "a very wise a foreign policy adviser to Vice speculation in Congress that and constructive objective ob- President Humphrey. | Mr^ Ball's resignation fore- server of public affairs" and He was named to the United shadowed a move by Mr. Hum- said the country had gained "a phrey away from the Presi- reat advocate for peace and Nations post last April' 25 to dent's Vietnam policy. replace' Arthur J. Goldberg, and For justice in the 'affairs of It was considered significant man" in its new chief delegate his "surprise resignation came that Mr. Humphrey's senior to the United Nations. just a day after th.ei Senate foreign policy adviser will now Mr. Wiggins was praised by confirmed his appointment. as be a man who was long known some of his colleagues on The chief of the American delega- as the resident dove in the Washington Post today as "a Administration and who quietly genuine-self-made man." tion to this session of the Gen- resigned ,in 1966 as Under Sec- eral Assembly. Born on Dec. 4, 1903, in retary of State because of dis- Luverne, Minn., Mr. Wiggins Compelled by Conscience agreement with the war, never went to college but was Mr. Goldberg, who resigned later elected a member of the, At a news conference at the in unpleasant circumstances in State Department this iafter- Phi Beta Kappa chapter of Har- April because of opposition to vard University. noon, Mr. BaE said he was the war, today became co- He ran a weekly newspaper, "compelled by conscienqe to chairman of the National Citi- The Rock County Star, pub- adopt my present course ' of zens Committee for Humphrey- lished in Luverne, before he action" because he felt,that the Muskie and immediately reit- was 25. Mr. Wiggins had 1 erated his call for a complete planned to retire at the end Republican Presidential nom- halt in the bombing of North inee, Richard M. Nixonj •"la- of this year and live in Maine, Vietnam. where he is the owner of The mentably lacks" the' qualities Mr. Ball, however, has al- Ellsworth American, a weekly. necessary to conduct a success- ways maintained • good rela- In 1946 and 1947 he was as- ful foreign policy. tions with the President de- sistant to the publisher of The "I havs taken this step so spite his views on the war and New York Times. He became sought today to deprecate the managing editor of The Post in that I may devote'all my time bombing question somewhat by and energy between 'iiow and May, 1947. accusing the press, of a ''fixa- He was vice president and Nov. 5 to help assure the elec- tion" on the issue 4hat "cre- managing editor from May, tion of ^ Hubert Humphrey and ates a distortion." 1953 to July, 1955 and vicei He said, nevertheless, thafe president and executive editor he felt the war i "is likely to until february,_iagU— —— find "a political spMtspn,. fairly TRANSCRIPT OP PRESS CONFERENCE HELD BY GEORGE W, BALL IN NEW YORK CITY OH FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1968 AT 11:00 A.M. /^%..ll^€/ AMB. BALL: Good morning, ladies and I don't have a statement to make this morning. I thought I would come over and let you see if you could break my arm in your customary gentle fashion. MR. JACK ALLEN, ¥OR: Mr, Secretary, there's been no official Washington response as yet to the call by the Secretary General for a four-power summit conference,, but, personally, could you express any views on the usefulness of such a meeting? AMB.. BALL: I was asked yesterday about that and I told them that summit conferences, in my Judgment,, are useful only if they are extremely well prepared and only if there is a likelihood of some agreement being arrived at.. If that is not the case, they excite expectations which are not fulfilled and they lead to the general feeling that there is more disunity and disarray in the world than might otherwise be the case'. So I would say if there is to be a summit conference it should only be after a great deal of preparation at a time when there were prospects in sight of something serious being arrived at and agreed upon. JOHN MACVANE, AMERICAN BROADCASTING COMPANY: Does your resignation mean that you feel that the United Nations is of negligible importance at this particular time in world crisis? AMB. BALL: Not at all. On the contrary, I have expressed myself before by saying that if the United Nations did not exist, we would have to invent it, because I think that the world without the United Nations would be far more dangerous than the world that we now have. more -2- My problem was a problem of personal conscience, and the question as to where I might best spend my time during the remaining months of what was, in any eventf to be a very limited tenure; because I think youall know when I came here it was with the purpose of staying only until the end of President Johnson's term. The question, therefore., is, what do I do in the next few weeks? In looking ahead over the next four years, it seemed to me that the United States was very likely to encounter some very difficult problems, problems which would require hard decisions, perhaps even life and death decisions, as we have had occasionally in the past. And it seemed to me very important that we have a man in command of the United States Government who had the character and had the settled principles that would enable him to make the right decisions at that time. I felt very strongly that Vice President Humphrey is a man who has those qualities. I feel quite as strongly that Mr. Nixon is a man who does not have those qualities. Therefore, looking at what I could do most usefully during the period ahead, it seemed to me that I had better resign and devote myself to Mr. Nixon's — Mr. Humphrey's campaign. It will be Mr. Nixon's campaign in a way, too, but in a somewhat different sense. Taking account of the fact that there were people of great qualifications and great abilities who could perform my functions at the United Nations — the President found such a man {Russ Wiggins is a very old friend of mind) a man of great abilities and a man who will bring an extra dimension, I think, to the work of the United States Mission at the United Nations. MR. DON GRANT, ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH : ' Mr. Ambassador, was he your suggestion? AMB. BALL: No, he was not but only because I didn't think of him in that particular capacity, but I made a number of suggestions. Secretary Rusk made a number of suggestions to the President and the President is a man who also has ideas of his own and he is the man who finally makes the decision. But I must say I couldn't have been more pleased by this appointment. I think it is an excellent appointment. more -3- MR. MILTON BESSER, ASSOCIATED PRESS: Can you tell us who will deliver the policy speech for the United States at the General Assembly? AMB. BALL: Secretary Rusk. As you gentlemen know very well, the general debate speech is more often made by foreign ministers that are available than by ambassadors. And it is entirely appropriate that Secretary Rusk, who will be in New York in any event for meetings with the other foreign ministers., should make the speech. MR. LEW TUCKER, NBC; You have had a chance to look at Mr. Nixon and Mr. Humphrey for a long period. AMB. BALL: Twenty years. MR. TUCKER: What happened during the last few weeks that convinced you that you had to move now as opposed to earlier? AMB. BALL: Well, in the first place, this hasn't been such a long delay, has it, since the Democratic convention nominated Mr. Humphrey. But the decision that I made was a decision that I made last week in Europe. When one gets away from his own country, one gets a sense of what is happening elsewhere in the world and I think this may add to one's objectivity. And I did some very hard thinking in Europe about the problems that were likely to arise in the course.of the next few years. I think Czechoslovakia more than anything else led me to feel that these problems might be very complicated and difficult problems. So I made the decision while I was in Europe that I was going to resign my position with the Mission at the United Nations and that I was going to devote myself to assuring, so far as I could, that Vice President Humphrey would be leading The United States during these next few years when these problems will have to be faced. MR. STEVE LANDERS, WCBS: In view of Czechoslovakia, George Kennan the other day made a suggestion that perhaps we should move 100,000 men into Europe to beef up our forces there until things are stabilized in Central Europe. Now that you are back in private life what is your view of this? more -4- AMB. BALL: Well, I think right now for me to be making suggestions of that kind, without consultation with the Vice President, would not be quite fair to him because whatever I say with regard to a substantive proposal of that sort I think is likely to be attributed to him, and I do not want to do that to him until I have a chance to talk with him. But I can appreciate very much George Kennan's sense of urgency and concern about the situation because I feel it myself. I think that what we face in Central Europe can present very difficult problems, not so much right now, but over the years ahead. I made a speech last night — I don't know whether you gentle- men have seen it or not — on the meaning of Czechoslovakia in which I attempted to describe the possible course of events which, it seemed to me, could lead to some hard decisions having to be made. MIKE EISENGRAUj METROMEDIA NEWS: In the past six months there has been now, with your resignation, the resignation of two U.S. Ambassadors to the U.N. What effect do you think this will have on the views of other member nations of the U.N. as they see this happening? AMB. BALL: Well, I don't know that it is anything that any- body should applaud. I hope it doesn't become a habit. But I don't think that.the effect will be very great. It seems to me that the impression!that the United States creates with regard to the United Nations is not who happens to be our ambassador at any given time or how long he stays, it is what we do substantively there and the kind of support we give it in all other ways. The support which the United States gives the United Nations and has given it, it seems to me to be a certain manifest of our continuing interest. VOICE: There is a great deal of talk, sir, that it is because of differences over our Vietnam policy that Ambassador Golberg and yourself may have stepped down. AMB. BALL: Well, I can't speak for Ambassador Goldberg. I can speak for myself, and that's nonsense. It is absolute nonsense. I am not leaving my post at all because of any differences with the Administration. In the first palce, the Administration has had a continuing policy with regard to Vietnam for a long time and I have been associated with the Administration twice during the period when Vietnam was an active issue. So I think that, by itself, would be a demonstration of the fact that this is nonsense. more -5- f MR. MEZERIK, INTERNATIONAL REVIEW SERVICE: As a private*' citizens would you accept the Secretary General's formulation that as an essential first step the U. S. should cease its bombing of North Vietnam? AMB, BALL: No, I do not accept it, and I think I have made this known repeatedly. is I think the whole emphasis on the question of bombing or not| bombing is enormously distorted; I think it's been blown up way ] \ out of life size. The problem we face is a problem of finding a peaceful solution to the situation in Vietnam. Negotiations are now under way in Paris --- a very complicated and a very sensitive negotiation. The question of stopping bombing is only one of many elements which are going to have to be considered and which are being considered. I think to proceed on what appears to be a rather naive assumption that if we were to stop the bombing the whole world would suddenly be transformed and we'd have peace overnight, which seems to lie behind some of the suggestions I have heard -- I think it is a great mistake to bemuse and befuddle the public that way. f Miss Frederick? PAULINE FREDERICK, NBC: How do you envision specifically your duties from now until Election Day? Will you be advising Vice President Humphrey on foreign policy? Will you be making public appearances? Will you be debating with the Republicans on foreign policy? AMB. BALL: They don't like to debate. Ml^ FREDERICK; Will you encourage debate? AMB. BALL: Certainly. I believe in it. That's why I am going to the West Coast tonight to see the Vice President 3 if my present plans carry, and I will know a good deal more after I have had a chance to talk with him in some depth about what I can most usefully do. expect to travel with him part of the time. I would expect to make some speeches on my own and some television appearances. And I would expect to advise him, to write material for him and so on, -more- MISS FREDERICK: May I ask a follow up question? Did you talk with the Vice President or consult with him about the speech he made in San Francisco on foreign policy? AMB. BALL: The speech he made. MISS FREDERICK: Yes. AMB. BALL: I saw it and I made some suggestions. MR. ARNE THOREN, SWEDISH RADIO: I — AMB. BALL: What are you doing interfering in American domestic policy? MR. THOREN: May I step out? How definite is your decision to go back, as you said yesterday, to private life when this is over? AMB. BALL: I think it speaks for itself. I think that I told the Vice President some time ago that if he becomes President of the United States I thought he should seek fresh faces, people with fresh ideas, young men, perhaps even young women, rather than simply fall back on people who have been around a long time. That seems to me a very sensible thing for him to do and that's reflected in the statement that I made that I shall return to private life. MR. ROBERT ESTABROOK, WASHINGTON POST: Mr. Ball, did you have any differences with the Administration on policy followed on Czechoslovakia that may have influenced your decision? AMB. BALL: None whatever, nor anything else that may have influenced my decision. VOICE: (Inaudible) AMB. BALL: No, I think you are reading things into all of this that do not exist at all. After all, President Johnson is the President of the United States. He will be the President of the United States until the 20th of next January. During that time he is going to make all the Ir-ird decisions. He is going to made the decisions on the whole range of foreign and domestic policy, including Vietnam. And Vice President Humphrey is a candidate for the Presidency He is not running against President Johnson, as the great part of the press seems to assume. He is running against a man named Nixon and against another man whose name I can't recall. So I think we ought to keep this in focus and remember who the candidates are. - more - -7- VOICE: May I just ask a follow up question to that? You have just stated that you have no difference of opinion, if I am quoting you correctly., with the Administration on Vietnam policy. Does this mean that the Vice President also will be running on a plat- form of no difference of opinion with the Administration? AMR. BALL": I haven't had an opportunity to talk at any length with the Vice President about what his plans are. As I said, I expect to do so tonight. I do not want to say what the Vice President will be doing, but I. think, he made quite clear what his own position is and I think he has made explicitly clear that he recognizes that the decision between now and January 20 will have to be made by President Johnson and that President Johnson is the only man that can make them. Now, what we are talking about is not, therefore, what Vice President Humphrey would do at the moment if he were President. This is a purely hypothetical question and it is not a question which is relevant. The question is what will he do next January 20* What he will do will depend.to a considerable extent on what the prevailing situation may be and we don't know, we don't now know. Maybe the Paris talks will be concluded by thenj maybe they will have made a breakthrough. Now to talk now about the present situation as though this were something that the Vice President had power to decide just doesn't seem to me to be very sensible. LEN TUCKER, NBC NEWS: You were quoted last night as saying that there would be a political solution well on its way in the Vietnam situation in the early part of the Humphrey Administration. Would you elaborate on that? How can you make a prediction like that at this moment? AMB. BALL: Well, what I said was a little more than that. What I said was that I had been intimately associated and in touch with the Vietnamese policy or the U.S. situation in Vietnam for about seven years, ever since the problem took its acute form in the latter part of 1961, although it's a problem we have had with us ever since 195^- or even before that. more Now, what I said was that I had been aware of everything that had happened during that period so far as Vietnam was concerned. I had been privy to all the exchanges and all that had gone on in the negotiations, the sentiment around the world, the situation in other capitals, the kind of information that we were able to receive so that I had an optimistic view with regard to finding a political solution to Vietnam which would be an honorable one from the point of vie*: of the United States and which would enable us to keep our commitments, and that I felt that if there had not been substantial movement toward a political solution by the end of President Johnson's term -- and I certainly hope there will be — that there would be, in my judgment, substantial movement toward a political solution within the early months of a Humphrey Administration. Now, this is based on many things, not the least is the fact that I think that Hanoi has been taking very hard punishment from a military point of view, and there comes a time when a political solution, even on terms which we would find acceptable> must appeal to the people in Hanoi. But it is based on my personal judgment and I do not think that my position on Vietnam has -- I think my record is pretty good. I think it's been pretty sound over the years. VOICE: Mr. Ambassador, you apparently differentiate, however slightly, about the possibilities during the Johnson Administration and the possibilities during the first few months of the Humphrey Administration. AMB. BALL: I don't intend to, and let me make clear what I am saying. I am simply saying that I am looking forward, over a period of months, in saying that this is the time span in which I envisage a very good chance that substantial movement will take place. EDELSON, WESTINGHOUSE: Mr. Ball, why do you feel that Mr. Nixon is not fitted to be President of the United States? AMB. BALL: Simply a matter of character, a matter of settled principles. I find no pattern in Mr. Nixon's life. It seems to me he is a man who is one thing one day and another the next. I find no evidence of any real convictions in Mr. Nixon. This is a harsh thing to say but I think we ought to be speaking harshly. VOICE: Do you think that Mr. Humphrey has been entirely consistent in his — -more- -9- AMB. BALL: I think Mr. Humphrey has shown over the years great statesmanship. I think that he has shown the qualities of compassion and the qualities of sensitivity, the qualities of integrity which are necessary for a President to have if he is going to make the decisions, very hard decisions, which I think the next President is probably going to have to make I think that all you have to do is to look at the legislative record of the two men. The Vice President over the years that he has been in the Senate has initiated more important legislation than almost any other member of the Senate. And you will have to look a very long way to find anything that Mr. Nixon initiated either in the House or Senate while he was there that one can be very proud of. VOICE: Mr. Ball, if there is a trend toward something happening in 1969, what evidence can you cite that the election of Mr. Nixon would interrupt this forward trend? AMB, BALL: I have no idea what Mr. Nixon would do about the war. Prom past experience with him I think he might try to escalate it. He hasn't said. He has not indicated what he is going to do. It was very significant, I thought, that in 195^-, at the time of Dien Bien Phu it was Mr. Nixon who suggested that we might invest troops in Indochina in support of a French colonial policy at that time, and Mr. Dulles had to pull him back from it. I don't know what he would do. I frankly worry about Mr. Nixon MISS FREDERICK: Mr. Ball, would you be willing to tell us when Secretary General Thant was informed of your departure, whether it was before, or after, or during your broadcast on the — AMB. BALL: No, no, it was after because no one was informed. I mean, this matter had not been settled at that time. But he was informed before the announcement was made in Washington yesterday. I have paid a farewell call on him this morning to express my appreciation for all that he has done, and is doing for the cause of peace. VOICE: Mr. Ball, a fewmoments ago you were asked about your availability after the election, if Mr. Humphrey makes it. Obviously — more -10- ANOTHER VOICE: Can you speak up a little louder for the rest of us? VOICE:: All right, I'll start over. You said that you wanted to leave it open for fresh faces, obviously you implied leaving no option if he is elected President. Nonetheless you are a man of great experience. You have been mentioned as a possible Secretary of State. Does this mean that you utterly close the door to that? AMB. BALL: Well., it is very hard to try to develop the proper formulation.. Arid I was a little concerned that if I used the exact words of General Sherman, his heirs would sue me for plagiarism. VOICE: Mr. Ball, when you were in Europe, did you have any meetings with ministers or heads of other countries which led you to make the decision that Mr. Nixon was not the man to deal with the rest of the world? AMB. BALL: Well, as you know, I went to talk to the NATO Council. I saw many old friends, both in and out of government in Europe. These conversations simply confirmed my own views which I was forming about the significance of Czechoslovakia, and the problems that we might encounter in Europe. As I said, I expressed them last night in a speech. VOICE: Do the NATO ministers — if I understand you correctly, do the NATO Ministers to whom you have spoken distrust Mr. Nixon? Do they feel — AMB. BALL: Oh, no. I wasn't talking to them about Mr. Nixon. I didn't mean that. What developed in Europe so far as I was concerned was a sense on my part that the problems that we were going to be facing in the next two years were problems of very great difficulty and complexity. I was the one who made the judgment myself that I did not want to see this country entrust its fortunes to Mr. Nixon when we face such problems. VOICE: Mr. Ball, you said a moment ago that you thought Mr. Nixon might escalate the war. AMB. BALL: I don't know what he would do. VOICE: Does that lead to the inference that your camp, the Humphrey camp, would not escalate? AMB. BALL: I would certainly say that I see no point in escalating the war and I don't think that the Vice President would see any point. In fact, I am sure he wouldn't. more -11- MR. HALAS.Z, INTERNATIONAL FEATURE SERVICE: Mr. Ambassador, a moment ago you said that you saw'the Secretary General this .morning and expressed your appreciation for all that he has done for peace. And a few moments ago you indicated very strongly that his call for a bombing cessation was a move away from peace and the Paris negotiations. Would you clear up this contradiction? AMB. BALL: Well, I expressed to him, when I saw him the other day,, the concern that my Government had with regard to the state- ment that he had made because we didn't think it was helpful. But that doesn't mean that over the years, in the larger efforts that he has been making, that he hasn't worked very hard for peace and made a great contribution to it. MR. MAX WIENER, NEWARK NEWS: Mr. Ball, I want to make sure that I understood what you said a few minutes ago. Did you mean that you would not accept the post as Secretary of State? I don't think you did, but I would like you to clarify that. AMB. BALL: I thought I had been about as explicit as I could. All you have to do is read my statement. It's written there in what seems to me very clear English. MR. EARL POELL, LOS ANGELES TIMES; Mr. Ambassador, you say you have seen the text and even made a few suggestions about the San Francisco speech that Vice President Humphrey made. Why do you feel that it is realistic to place this emphasis upon a' UN role in an eventual settlement? AMB. BALL: Well, the role which the Vice President is talking about in that speech, as I recall, was a role of possibly being the agency to supervise free elections and also to enforce cease fires and so on. This i's something that we have always contemplated. And whether the UN would be called on at that time would be some- thing that would have to be a part of the larger settlement arrangements. MR. FOELL: Do you see this happening without North Vietnam being given observer status or China becoming a member? AMB. BALL: I don't know what the attitude of North Vietnam might be to the use of the UN in this capacity. All I am saying, and all that the Vice President was saying, was that he could fore- see this. But obviously it could only be done with the approval of the parties. Up to this point North Vietnam has given the back of its hand to the United Nations but whether it would to the use of the United Nations in these capacities, in connection with the enforce- ment of a settlement, in connection with free elections, I don't know. -more- =12- VOICE: Mr. Ball, you have said that a part of your motivation for the movement you have made was your concern for, your attention to Europe, your concern for what might happen in Europe. Now,, was this coupled with the feeling that too much emphasis is being placed on U.S. policy now in Asia? AMB. BALL: Well, I wouldnft say that too much is being placed. What I would say is that the most difficult problems that I foresee over the years are likely to be the problems arising in Europe, for the simple reason that that is the heart of the industrial power in the world. And it is no accident at all that the two great world wars we have had, both had their sources, their well springs in Europe. And because it is the heart of power it is also the heart of danger, because the interests of both sides in Europe are so great that real difficulty in the heart of Europe could very well lead to a direct confrontation between the great powers. MR. GRANT, ST. LOUIS POST DISPATCH: When you came to the U.N. I believe you indicated that you would concentrate on breaking the deadlock in the Middle East. Do you now go along with the Vice President that we supply Phantom jets to Israel? AMB, BALL: I haven't had time to discuss this problem with him, but I would certainly concur in what he said, yes. VOICE: Mr. Ball, could you be a bit more specific about these — AMB. BALL: Let me add that the Vice President also made a point which I think is a very significant one, and that is that in the end what we had to search for was some kind of control over the inflow of arms into the Middle East and that this is something I know he would give first priority to. VOICE: Mr. Ball, could you be a bit more specific about some of these big problems in Europe that you foresee? AMB. BALL: Well, as I say, I made a speech last night in which I tried to set forth what might very well develop from the implications of Czechoslovakia and what I suggested was that Czechoslovakia, as I saw it, was a reflection of an empire in the throes of dissolution. The Soviet empire could not, over time, exist in the modern world as an empire because the forces of disintegration brought about by the technology of the modern world, and the pressures at work in the modern world would bring about the dissolution of this empire, and that the dissolution of an empire was like the fission of an atom, the splitting of an atom — it lets loose energyana force, the direction of which one could not foretell with any accuracy. more -13- So that' over the years — and I do not know what time span one should think about here — over the years I can see forces of disintegration at work in the Soviet empire by which I mean the Soviet Union and the Eastern European states., and that these forces which could endanger the peace of the world, because the Soviet Union had such a very great interest in keeping its empire intact, because., as it sees it,, that is a means of maintaining a power balance primarily with us., with the United States and the. other allies, Western allies. DOUG EDDELSON, WESTINGHOUSE BROADCASTING: You made some very strong references to Richard Nixon's character and integrity. Could you elaborate on these, elaborate what you mean when you refer to his character and when you refer to his integrity? AMB. BALL: You see, my observation of Mr. Nixon goes back a long way and I think that it is important that people not forget the "Tricky Dick" that we used to talk about, because there was significance in that phrase. -It goes back to his behavior when he first entered politics, the kind of campaign he ran against Jerry Voorhis, against Helen Douglas. The fact that in the course of his whole career in politics, he hasn't seemed to follow any con- sistent lines. He has been a man who seemed much more interested in what public opinion polls were showing than in what basic principle's were involved. I think the very cynicism with which he selected his vice presidential candidate is a good indication of the irresponsibility of this man, the fact that he makes decisions on narrow political considerations instead of looking at the larger interest. The preposterous idea that a fourth-rate hack politician like Agnew might stand within a heart beat of the presidency I think is fantastic and demonstrates a cynicism and irresponsibility which seems to me rather shocking. VOICE: Mr. Ball, do you anticipate other prominent democrats leaving their jobs and going to help Humphrey in the last weeks of the campaign? AMB. BALL: I would certainly hope so and I think that there will be. SAME VOICE: Could you tell us who might come along? AMB. BALL: I don't want to make any guesses because I think they will come. They should make their own announcements. -more- -14- MR. GEORGE COOMBS, MUTUAL BROADCASTING SYSTEM: Mr. Ball, have you had any discussions either here or in Europe with Senator McCarthy? AMB. BALL: Not lately, no. He is an old friend of mine but I haven't talked with him.since the campaign started. MR. COOMBS: Would you forecast what line he will take in his October 8 speech? AMB. BALL: I don't know. He hasn't given much indication. I would certainly hope that he will come out in support of Vice President Humphry, and I believe he will. I believe he will, simply because he is a responsible man, and when he looks at the alternatives, he hasn't any choice, has he. VOICE: Is that your reasoning, too? AMB, BALL: My reasoning? I made very clear what my reasoning is, that I have confidence in one candidate and not in the other. MR. FRYE, WORLD IN FOCUS: ...in . what form would you like the United Nations to discuss the subject or deal with it in the next few months? AMB. BALL: Well, I think you know the elements that are involved in a discussion of this by the United Nations. One is that the Czechoslovak Government, which is acting under coercion, is very likely to object to this matter being on the agenda. The question that will arise is the question as to how much support in the face of a Czech position of that kind would be mustered for a specific inscription of a specific subject of the situation of Czechoslovakia. Now, this doesn't mean at all that this matter won't be greatly discussed within the United Nations or in a number of different rubrics. For one thing, it will certainly consume a great deal of the general debate speeches because I think almost every representative of every country will want to have something to say about it. In the second place, it could be discussed under the heading of human rights. It could be discussed under the heading of decolonization for that matter. I think we're just about to come to an end here. One more question. -more - = 15- VOICE: ...about your predecessor. Ambassador Goldberg, urged that the Czechoslovak matter should have been brought to an emergency session of the General Assembly and he — on the same day as you joined the Humphrey team. Do you disagree with that? AMB. BALL: I disagree with that. It doesn't mean that Arthur and I -- we are men of independent views but I have great respect for him and I am delighted he is on board. Q: Thank you. ********************** UNITED NATIONS Press Services Office of Public Information United Nations, N.Y, (FOR USE OP INFORMATION MEDIA — NOT AN OFFICIAL RECORD) ... Note No. 3466 ; . t 28 September 1968 NOTE TO CORRESPONDENTS The following statement was made today lay a United Nations spokesman: The Secretary-General, U Thant, on the way to his office this morning, was asked by correspondents whether he had any comments to make about the remarks of Mr. George Ball, former United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations, that his call for a halt in the bombing of North Viet-Nam was "naive". Answering, the Secretary-General said: "I don't know exactly what Mr, Ball said. 'What I have in mind in my position on the bombing halt is this: I hc,ve never said that the cessation of United States bombing rails on North Viet-Nam would bring about immediate peace. My position is very clear. I have never claimed that once the bombing of North Viet-Nam ceases there will be heaven on earth on the next day. As you know, my view is shared by many governments around the world, including some members of NATO. I do not regret being associated with that group of governments who feel, as I do, that essential first steps must be taken and should be taken to generate further processes which could eventually lead to a peaceful settlement". Subsequently, the Secretary-General elaborated on the foregoing remarks to the effect that: in the several talks which 'he had with Mr. Ball during his very short stay in his United Nation^ post, the latest two being on Monday and Friday of this week, Mr. Ball never made any such comments to the Secretary-General concerning his well-known and often repeated conviction about the cessation of the bombing of North Viet-Nam. (more) ~ 2 - Note No. 3466 28 September 1968 Noting also the remarks attributed to Mr. Ball that the emphasis on cessation of the "bombing is "enormously distorted" and has been "blown way out of life-size", U Thant has observed that the distortion, in this context, would be in Mr. Ball's own surprising misunderstanding and misconception insofar as the views of the Secretary-General on this matter are concerned. In answer to other questions, the Secretary-General said there had been no official reaction to his suggestions regarding a four-Power meeting and that he would make a further statement on this subject at the appropriate time. ' * •$,#*- THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, Saturday, 28 September 1968 Itn§k to fill IJ.S. gap at Bty a staff correspondent oj The Christian Science McmUor Washington At first glance, the United States would appear to have lost a wealth of valuable diplomatic experience at an inopportune time. The resignation of George W. Ball'only three months after taking office as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations conies at the start of the busiest time of the year for international diplomacy. But it is pointed out here that Secretary of State Dean Rusk will be leading the American delegation to tlie UN until Oct. 9, supported by a large number of experts flown in from Washington. The newly appointed ambassador, J. R. Wiggins, editor and executive vice- president of the Washington Post, will have until then to become familiar with the intricacies of the post. His term of office is expected to end with President Johnson's on Jan. 20 anyway; a new president is thought likely to appoint a new UN ambassador soon after inauguration. Several questions remain, however. Despite Mr. Johnson's lavish praise for Mr. Wiggins at the White House Sept. 26, few Americans, and even fewer inter- national diplomats, know anything about him. Reports from the UN indicate some unhappiness that the President could not have found a more prestigious, or more experienced, figure. There is talk here that Mr. Rusk himself may give the formal presentation of American policy to the General Assembly—something he has never done before. Some observers here also feel that Mr. Ball ought to have stayed in his post until Jan. 20, particularly at such a busy period. However, Mr. Ball told the President he was impelled by conscience to resign. The President, though regretful, will at least see a new weapon brought to hear against Republican Richard M. Nixon. THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, Saturday, 28 September 1968 Ball By David K. Willis named by President Johnson to fill in as UN Staff correspondent of ambassador. The Christian Science Monitor A tall, blunt, gray-haired man, independ- ent and outspoken, Mr. Ball says he was in Washington Europe not long ago and found himself look- Between now and Nov. 5, Vice-President ing across at his own country with new ob- Hubert H. Humphrey will be receiving some jectivity. combative, jut-jawed foreign-policy advice, Some long-held ideas began crystallizing— designed to focus his campaign anew on: among them, that Mi1. Nbton "lamentably" • Underscoring even more than before lacked the "settled principles," "clear vi- ..the.importance of Western Europe to Amer- sion," "perception," or "compassion" sic'^u—and global—security; needed by the next president. •SsSiKrrreating Vietnam with extreme care, '•?$&?*'continually looking beyond it to the View disputed ?*Jlfi3bJetas of a post-Vietnam-war interna- At a free-swinging press conference ill;? *%TOnal community; small State Department conference room, " .-is-convinced that fundamental Ameri- interests are to be found in partnership a united Europe—and with a revivified in in Asia. s main concern in the campaign will o persuade Mr. Humphrey to continue start made with the San Francisco ch. r. Ball—and Mr. Goldberg as well— ts to refocus the attention of the Ameri- people on a wider foreign policy than the Vietnam war. le war, he believes, has distorted .•rican vision of the world. It has come lominate what ought to be a global ign policy. .ice his resignation, Mr. Ball has spoken ral times of a "political solution" to the which he thinks will come either by end of the year, or early next year, if Humphrey succeeds Mr. Johnson. : has given no details. He believes a can- Mr. Ball says that the increasing efficiency firm in West Germany and working to offset" te should say only what he could do of the South Vietnamese Army will eventu- the kind of nationalism shown by President n elected—and Mr. Ball would not wish ally allow more American troops to return de Gaulle in Paris, so that a more unified jmpromise the efforts of the current ad- home—but he opposes any weakening of Europe can result. istration. American forces in West Germany. In Asia, Mr. Ball wants to protect Ameri- /ents in Czechoslovakia are proof, as Mr. Mr. Nixon has been reported as in favor can "honor" in Vietnam. He does not be- sees them, that in Europe lies the key lieve in a fast, precipitate withdrawal of lig-power relationships. It will be the of summitry with the Soviet Union. Former Gov. William W. Scranton (R) of Pennsyl- American troops. He urges more trade with president's task to bring the Vietnam Communist China, and an end to the "myth" to a quick end and then to swing back vania is in Europe assuring allies that their % interests would be protected. that the government of Formosa is really Curope-centered foreign policy, he be- jlhe government of China. ;s. But Mr. Ball says he "has no use for" the ' Mr. Humphrey, it is assumed, will be kind of Big 4 summit proposed by UN Sec- receptive to many of these ideas. In his San imitry considered retary-General U Thant, unless preceded Francisco speech, he put emphasis on ;ked by a newsman whether he would by the kind of skilled preparation that would NATO, not just as a defensive shield, but mmend a halt to the bombing of North indicate likely results. as "an instrument for human betterment." nam, he said: "I wish you gentlemen He talked about new TV and radio ex- Id think up something new.'* Preoccupa- Compromise ruled out changes between the United States and with the bombing is a mistake, he Mr. Ball feels Mr. Nixon is not the man .Eastern Europe, including the Soviet Union. is: It emphasizes one aspect of a corn- to whom to entrust delicate negotiations But Mr. Ball will be pressing for much situation and loses sight of wider inter- with Russian leaders, many of whom more concern with Europe than the San elsewhere. formed a dislike for the former vice-presi- Francisco speech contained. The effect on r. Goldberg has been more explicit, call- dent during the .Eisenhower years. the campaign, and Mr. Nixon, is yet to be Eor an end to the bombing now. Mr. Ball puts great emphasis on standing seen. THE WASHINGTON POST, Saturday, 28 September 1968 BALL, From Al declared. He is understood • have communicated his dec: phasized at a press conference By Robert H. Estabrook sion to President Johnson last that no differences with the Sunday. Administration had precipi- tated his departure. • Wiggins was not among the UNITED' 1 persons he suggested to the Sept. 27— Ambassador George Succeeded by Editor President as a possible re- W. Ball today .attributed his In announcing the resigna- ilacement, Ball said, adding abrupt resignation to a belief tion, President Johnson named that Wiggins is "a man of that the Czechoslovak crisis J. E. Wiggins, editor 'of The great abilities" and "I couldn't will lead to dangers for world Washington Post, as the new be more pleased." 'peace which Richard Nixon United States representative Ball knocked down another : would mot be equipped by to the United Nations. proposal by Thant in the Sec- 'character to handle as Presi- retary General's annual report dent. Although Ball had been crit- Nixon, he said, is a man of ical in the past of American for a four-power meeting of "no set principles" who might bombing of North Vietnam, he foreign ministers during the escalate the Vietnam war. He stressed today that the bomb- General Assembly looking to- characterized Republican ing is only one of many ele- ward an East-West summit i vice-presidential nominee ments to be considered in a conference to revive the at- jspirq T. Agnew as "a fburth- settlement. He said it is mosphere of detente. rato political hack." "naive" to assume that stop- 'Summit conferences are ! Ball, who disclosed Thurs- ping the bombing would bring useful only if they are ex- I day .'.that "'fle:' -was. '-leaving to peace overnight. \ tremely well prepared and | campaign -farv'the'1 "election ;of| This is an "assumption de- there is some likelihood of. ; Vice Presideut'--Hump]ir£y,"':eui-. • signed to bemuse and befud- agreement," Ball said. If thisr .dle the public," he declared in is not the case, they arouse ex; an apparent reference to Sec- pectations that cannot be ful-. retary General U Thant's re- filled and create the idea that newed advocacy of a uni- there is more disunity than ac- ,1'aterial bombing cessation as a exists. first.essential step. Meeting Last Year :pptimistic on Solution This -also was the private ; .^Nevertheless, he described feeling of other Western diplo- himself as "optmistic" about mats, who forecast that the ability to find "an honor- Thant's proposal would get no- able political solution." If where. Last year Thant gave a there is no movement by the dinner for the American. So- end of the Johnson Adminis- viet, British and, French for- tration, he said, It will be eign ministers that was de- "within the early months of a scribed as pleasant''but pro- Humphrey administration." duced no new initiatives. Dissolution of the "Soviet Ball, who advised Thant in e m p i a* e" will face the advance of his resignation, United States with hard deci- called on the Secretary sions over the next four years General today to express ap- which could be a matter of preciation "for what he has "life or death," Ball declared, done and is doing for the and Humphrey has "the char- cause of peace." acter and settled principles' to enable him to make the Nevertheless, Ball never right decisions. achieved the close rapport By contrast, he said, Nixon's with Thant reached by forme "•preposterous" -choice of Ambassador Arthur J. Gold- Maryland Gov. Agnew as a berg. Relations were particu- running mate "demonstrated larly strained by Ball's com- cynicism and irresponsibility." ment after Thant's press con- Terming it important not to ference Monday implying forget the "tricky Dick" label that .the Secretary General applied to Nixon in the past, might have been -acting at the he recalled that in 1954 Nixon behest of Hanoi in speculati:- had suggested that the United about an Assembly resolution States "invest troops. in sup- requesting a bombing halt. ' port of a French colonial pol- Despite .Ball's assertion that icy" in Vietnam; he thought the world would be [Informed of Ball's criticism "far more dangerous" without of him, Agnew s-aid In Wash- thetlnited'Nation-s, some de' ington "this sounds like the gates complained that he kind of statement a -man who never seemed temperamen- has never run for office would tally sympathetic 'to the job make." Republican National here and seemed to resent the Chairman Bay C. Bliss said details of membership on the that Ball made a "quick shift Security Council. from diplomat 'fco a Humphrey Once when Ball was tele- -hatchet man," George W. Ball's resignation as Ambassador to the. * s United Nations to become a foreign policy adviser to Vice President Humphrey may be a timely boost for Mfc Humphrey's Presidential candidacy, but it1 qer-' tainly is no boost at all for the relationship of the United States to the United Nations. 'Because of his experience as a top-ranking State Department official under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson and because of the widespread respect he has won as an imaginative and skillful diplomat, Mr. Ball w}ll add a needed dimension of authority in, foreign f affairs to the Humphrey campaign. Because of his ' \ refutation as a loyal dissenter from the Administra- Jtion's Vietnam policy, Mr. Ball can be especially help- 5 ftful to the 'Vice President in trying to establish a I respectful distinction between his position and thatr \ j-President Johnson on this crucial issue. ^ * ut—and it is a big "but"—Mr. Ball's surprising"^ nation after only three months of service car* '* ' be interpreted at the U.N. as a denigration of the*""' ; and of the world organization itself, particular!/ the President chose as his successor a man unversed in U.N. affairs. r. Ball's resignation could not, in fact, have come a worse time for the United Nations, already reeling under a crisis of confidence as the 23d session- ot the General Assembly convened. The abrupt and . inept change of command in the U N.'s most impor^ tant delegation can only mean a further loss in morale all the way around. . No man thrust suddenly into the midst of the U.N.'s multifarious problems can be expected to master them. arid the intricacies of international negotiations oVer- night. The least the President could have done would haVe been to appoint an experienced diplomat to take Mr. Ball's place. James Russell "V^iggms, who was named, is a'fine man who has had a long and distiri- gvjished (newspaper ^career, but no diplomatic experi- ence whatsoever.. He is-not the man for this job. CBS NEWS 2020 M Street, N. W . Washington, D.C. 20036 FACE THE NATION as broadcast over the CBS Television Network and the CBS Radio Network Sunday, September 29, 1968 - 12:00-12:30 PM EDT GUEST: GEORGE W. BALL Former Ambassador to the United Nations NEWS CORRESPONDENTS; Marvin Kalb CBS News Peter Lisagor Chicago Daily News Richard C . Hottelet CBS News DIRECTOR: Robert Vitarelli PRODUCERS: Prentiss Chi Ids and Sylvia Westerman NOTE TO EDITORS; Transcripts of this broadcast will be distributed in New York, where the nrogram originates, and in Washington, Please credit any quotes or excerpts from this CBS Radio and Television program to "Face the Nation." I 1 MR. KALB: Mr. Ball, you have just returned from a strategy 5 MR. KALB: Does he share your "reasoned optimism" that within 6 the nevt several months we might be reaching a point of an 7 honorable political solution of. the war? 8 MR. BALL: Well, he is going to speak for himself tomorrow 9 night. I really hate to anticipate his speech, but I think 10 the answer is clearly yes. 11 ANNOUNCER; From CBS New York, in color, FACE THE NATION, a 12 spontaneous and unrehearsed news interview with former Under CL. 13 Secretary of State, George W. Ball, who resigned on Thursday O QL * 14 as Ambassador to the United Nations to help Vice President 15 Humphrey campaign for the Presidency. Mr. Ball will be ques- 16 tioned by CBS United Nations Correspondent'Richard C. Hottelet, 17 Peter Lisagor, Washington Bureau Chief of the Chicago Daily 18 News, and CBS News Diplomatic Correspondent Marvin Kalb. 19 CS 20 MR. KALB: Mr. Ball, I am curious about the optimism. There sg u 21 ci was a report from Paris today that the American negotiating a c 22 team couldn't be more depressed about the chances of reaching 1 23 LU an honorable political solution. Why are you optimistic? z V 24 MR. BALL; The reason I am optimistic is based on having 1fOt 25 followed this whole Vietnamese problem with the greatest 1 intensity for almost seven years, trying to get a sense of what 2 is happening around the world, the attitude that is being ex- so 5 pressed in various capitals, the word that we get from one 4 place or another as to the possibility of movement in the nego- 5 tiations. No one can be sure, but I can say this, .that I have 6 been quite pessimistic about the possibility of a political 7 solution in Vietnam for seven years. And within the past month 8 or so I have been beginning to feel that we are on the verge of 9 a breakthrough, which doesn't mean the completion of a settle- 10 ment, but it means real movement in the negotiations. 11 MR. LISAGOR: Mr. Ball, there is always implicit in anything the 12 Vice President says about Vietnam or plans to say about Vietnam, a. «S 13 that he is either going to break with the President or is going g 14 to chart some new course for himself. Now, he has repeatedly 15 said that he not only supports th^ Vietnam policy but he thinks 16 it is right. Under those circumstances, can he chart a course 17 of his own? 18 MR. BALL: Of course he can, because he is talking about what 19 he is going to be doing after next January 20th. He is not 20 talking about what to do now because it isn't his responsibility o 21 d to do anything now. This is the present responsibility of 22 President Johnson. Just let me say a word on my own here be- LU 23 cause I am preoccupied by what seems to me a strange aberration Z 24 of the American press, the assumption that the candidates who 25 are running here are President Johnson running against Vice 1 President Humphrey. And you see to forget that there is a to •o 2 fellow named Nixon, whom you never ask any questions to, and if 5 you do he never answers any questions. It seems to me it is 4 about time we began to turn this into a dialogue between the 5 candidates and not a dialogue between the President and the 6 Vice President, which is an irrelevance. 7 MR. HOTTELET: Wouldn't it help, Mr. Ball, if the Democratic 8 candidate came out with a clear blueprint of what he intended 9 to do — 10 MR. BALL: The Democratic candidate is going to make a speech 11 tomorrow night, which I think is going to set all this rather 12 irrelevant argument to rest, and I hope it will. 0. 08 13 MR. LISAGOR: Will it set the argument about the bombing pause Q at. 14 of North Vietnam, about a pause over North Vietnam, Mr. Ball? 15 MR. BALL: What you are asking me to do is to make this speech, 16 now. He is going to make it. I am not going to tell you 17 everything that is going to be in this speech. That is nonsense 18 MR. HOTTELET: But you spoke of the expectation of a break- 19 through to end the war in Vietnam. How do you see it? You . 20 must have some picture in mind. (J 21 c! MR. BALL: Again, I think the Vice President' is going to I ? 22 answer many of these questions, as far as his appraisal of the UJ 23 situation and his own proposal of what he would do, not now z 24 but after -January 20th, which is the only period that he can 25 talk about. 1 MR. KALB: Sticking to your own appraisal, now that you are a 2 private citizen, do you believe that we should stop the bombing 5 of North Vietnam? i 4, MR. BALL: I think the bombing of North Vietnam is something that has been blown up way beyond life size. It is simply-one move in a very complicated set of moves to bring about peace. And this harping on one element seems to me to represent a really naive approach to the problem. The problem is not stopping the bombing. That isn't going to bring instant peace, 5.0 as many people seem to assume. That is simply one move that l has to be made in relation to other moves in a rather compli- cated game. And people who simply stand over the shoulders of a. the players, without seeing half the board, particularly when Q a; their own education in many cases hasn't progressed beyond checkers, and the game is chess, then this seems to me to be a little bit foolish. I think we really ought to leave the negotiators in Paris to work out as best they can the way to find a solution. And I think that after January 20th any new President is going to have to approach this matter on his own, make an appraisal at the time in the light of the circumstances § C4 U d that then exist and then make some hard decisions. MR.- LISAGOR: Mr. Ball, your answer was described by Secretary ui General U Thant as showing a surprising misunderstanding and z misconception of the issue of bombing. MR. BALL: Let me say I was not referring to Secretary U Thant. o CM 1 I think this was a press misconception. I was referring to th 2 S 2 CN kind of insistent harping on this single isolated issue, as O S 5 though it were the problem of negotiation. It is only one 8 0 o. 4 aspect of it. 5 MR. KALB: Isn't it at this point, unless an awful lot of people 6 have "been led down a garden path -- 7 MR. BALL: An awful lot of people have been led down a garden 8 path, and I want to say that I think the press has had a good 9 deal of responsibility for this. 10 MR. KALB: But this isn't a first issue? The North Vietnamese 11 claim that is the case. _, 12 MR. BALL* Why should the press take the North Vietnamese at a. oa 13 face value and repeat rather parrot-like everything that the 0 £ 14 North Vietnamese said? This position is a position in which 15 you are arguing the North Vietnamese case for it. 16 MR. KALB: Do you believe that it is the first step, or don't 17 you? 18 MR. BALL; I think that it is a step that can only be taken in 19 relation to a number of other steps. 1 20 MR, HOTTELET: What are those other steps? LU 23 anticipate something that the Vice President Is going to say • 24 tomorrow night. I think it would be unfair to him, I think It M 25 would be very unwise, because he Is going to say this and he Is 1 going to present it in his own way to the American public. 2 MR. HOTTELET: Mr. Ball, when you resigned you spoke of the un- 5 paralleled dangers and the unparalleled opportunities that 4 faced the United States in the years ahead. I wonder if you 5 would tell us what is the greatest danger today, and the great- 6 est opportunity? 7 MR. BALL: Well, obviously I am speaking in the area of foreign 8 policy, not on the question of domestic issues, which are very 9 important and really vital issues. So far as foreign policy 10 is concerned, I see us entering a trend where there are some 11 very big forces at work in the world, and not the least is the 12 problem that the Soviet Union faces in the falling apart of its 0. 08 13 Eastern empire, the Eastern European empire, and the stresses a a: 14 and strains which are beginning to appear in the structure, 15 because this can let loose some forces -- as I suggested in a 16 speech of my own the other night. It is rather like the fission 17 of an atom when this begins to occur. And this is going to 18 create some major new problems in the world, which is going to 19 take a great deal of careful thought on our part, and very 20 incisive action at the appropriate time. (J 21 Q MR. LISAGOR: Mr. Ball, you have talked of Mr. Nixon — to get 22 back to Mr. Nixon, since you say we ought to discuss his role LU 23 in this campaign — as a man without -- Z 24 MR. BALL: Where is his role? I haven.'t seen him lately. 8 25 MR. LISAGOR: — you have called him a man without pattern or 7 1 principle. 2 MR. BALL: That's right. Sci MR. LISAGOR: Would you explain what you mean by that? 4 MR. BALL: I mean that he is a man — if you have followed his 5 career carefully over the years, and I have been observing Mr. 6 Nixon for twenty years -- he is a man who moves from one 7 position to another without any particular regard to what the 8 larger framework is,, it seems to me, that is his response to 9 the political exigencies of the movement. 10 MR. LISAGOR: Now he said in his acceptance speech, Mr. Ball, 11 that the time has come for negotiations with the Russians and 12 no longer confrontation with them. Is that an idea with which 13 you would disagree? o C£ 14 MR. BALL; I wouldn't disagree with the idea, but when the 15 problem arises in specific terms he seems to be against it. 16 For example, so far as this problem of whether we should enter 17 into an antiballistic missile race with the Russians, he says 18 that it is absolutely essential that we do so. He doesn't say 19 that— and he says, "Furthermore, we should broaden our anti- « 20 O ballistic missile capability directed toward Russia rather g M o 21 than just merely toward China ." The implication of all he says d 22 is that he thinks that any attempt to stop the arms race by Ul 23 negotiation is foolish, and this seems to be a pattern which z 24 is reflected in a lot of other things he said. Now, I don't 2 Russians and other nations a nonproliferation treaty, we should s01 5 not ratify it, we should and wait for a while, apparently "be- 4 cause Nelson Rockefeller says we should. 5 MR. HOTTELET: Mr. Ball, you weren't, I think, in your excellent 6 book "The Discipline of Power," you weren't exactly in favor of 7 the idea of the nonproliferation treaty. 8 MR. BALL: Well, I think many of the criticisms that I had of 9 the treaty have been solved in the course of the negotiations, 10 and I think the real question is whether the nonnuclear powers 11 are prepared to accept it. Now, they won't be prepared to 12 accept it if we ourselves fail to ratify it and simply sit 00 13 around and argue about it and take the position that somehow we Q 14 have to rebuke the Russians by denying ourselves something 15 which is vitally important to us. 16 MR. KALE: Do you believe, with George Kenhan, that the United 17 States ought to send 100, 000 men to West Germany now? 18 MR. BALL: Well, I think that a clear demonstration of the 19 American concern for the security of Europe, and particularly g 20 for the security of West Germany, is very important. But I g CM (J 21 think this is being given In other ways, and I think the fact d I 1 22 that there will be an early foreign ministers conference when LU 23 this matter can be fully discussed at the defense ministers' z 24 meeting — all of these things have been, taken care of. I think 25 the important thing is that we don't do what Congress was 1 discussing doing, which Is unilaterally and abruptly greatly 2 reduce our troop commitments in Europe. I think this would be 5 a catastrophe. And I think Czechoslovakia has made this clear 4 beyond any shadow of a doubt. 5 MR. KALB: Keep it where it is rather than increase? 6 MR. BALL; I think that the whole NATO structure has to be 7 looked at, with the idea of trying to get other nations up to 8 their full force level commitments, and at the same time make 9 sure that we have adequate strength there ourselves. 10 MR. LISAGOR: Mr. Ball, you have long felt that Europe was the 11 crucial area In the world, not Asia, not Southeast Asia. Could 12 I ask you what advice you would give Vice President Humphrey on 3 a. 00 13 dealing with the Soviet Union today, in the light of Q C£ 14 Czechoslovakia, and in light of your own interest in Europe? 15 MR. BALL: Well, let me say first that any President of the 16 United States is going to spend most of hi.s next four years in 17 the area of foreign policy, concentrating very heavily on the 18 problems of Europe, because I think that looking at the trends /19 and the forces now at work in the world, that this'Is going to 20 return to be the center of interest of any President. O 21 MR. HOTTELET: Would there be any point in the President pursu- a I ? 22 ing what apparently Mr. Johnson had in mind, of a summit meeting UJ 23 with the Soviet Union to see if -- z 24 MR. BALL: Again, a summit meeting is useful only when there is in in 25 careful preparation and where there is clearly something that 10 1 can come out of it that would be beneficial. Otherwise, you 5 if nothing comes out but disagreement, there is a feeling that 4 tensions are higher than they were before and you have set 5 the clock back rather than advance it. 6 MR. LISAGOR: And, yet, Mr. Johnson met with Mr. Kosygin at 7 Glassboro, New Jersey without any disastrous consequences, 8 although nothing happened there, Mr. Ball. 9 MR. BALL; Well, there were some things that happened, as I 10 think history will indicate. I think there were some advances 11 made at that time. 12 MR. KALB: Gentlemen, I would like to interrupt here. We will o. 13 resume this interview with Mr. Ball in a moment. a £ 14 15 MR. KALB: Mr. Ball, could you be a bit more specific about 16 what it is about Mr. Nixon in the field of. foreign policy, for 17 example, that makes you feel he would not be capable of 18 handling the problems that you have been describing? 19 MR. BALL: Mr. Nixon, in the field of foreign policy, has 20 always been what. I think one could call a hard learner. He os 8 u 21 ci has always been a man who thought that there were military 22 solutions to problems and that these were really the solutions ui 23 that one should seek. For example, in the war in Vietnam he z* 24 has remained remarkably quiet on this. He hasn't indicated at 25 all what he would do. My own feeling is that he would 11 1 escalate. I think all the signs point to the fact that he would escalatej because he has this blind faith in what seems to me to be the use of military power. And so far as the 4 Soviet Union is concerned, what he says in his acceptance 5 speech seems to me to be a little hollow, because the fact is 6 if you read what he has said over the years, he has always 7 been on the side of "let's get military superiority and main- 8 tain it, and we have got to keep ahead in the race," but there 9 has never been any indication that he thought that there could 10 come a time when the race could be toned down. Now if we 11 pursue this logic and the race continues, and we spend larger 12 and larger amounts on more and more sophisticated armaments, if 13 we can't stop this antiballistic missile business, for example, o a 14 by some kind of safe agreement, then I think that we are going 15 to go on to the point where we use most of our national 16 resources in pure waste, and it would be an absolute catastrophe 17 MR. KALB: Is this to suggest that Mr. Humphrey would deescalate 18 the war? 19 MR. BALL: It would certainly suggest that Mr. Humphrey would 20 do everything possible to reduce the level of American forces U 21 Q in Vietnam, as I think he has already made quite clear, to de- I g 22 Americanize the war, to move the greater responsibility pro- 23 gressively on the South Vietnamese, and to try as quickly as 24 possible to bring about an honorable solution through 25 negotiation. 12 1 MR. LISAGOR: Mr. Ball, Mr. Nixon has said that he would press 2 the Russians very hard to help us bring the North Vietnamese to 5 a negotiated settlement. 4 MR. BALL: What does that mean? 5 MR. LISAGOR: I was just going to ask you, do you believe that 6 the Russians can help us do that, if we were to press them hard 7 on it? Do the Russians have any influence on Hanoi? 8 MR. BALL: What do you think any American administration would 9 have been doing for the last eight years? Of course it would 10 have been pressing the Russians to be as helpful as possible. 11 Now, how you press them harder than they have been pressed, I 12 don't know, unless you threaten to drop bombs on them, which I 13 can't believe he does. i 14 MR. KALB: Are they at all? In this expectation of a break- 15 through, do you sense a Russian role? 16 MR. BALL: In the expectation of a breakthrough, obviously the 17 Russian attitude is going to play a part, but I don't want to 18 go beyond that at this point because this is a matter obviously 19 of most enormous sensitivity. 20 8 MR. HOTTELET; I would like to raise the question of the Middle 8 u 21 ci East, which is another urgent and extremely dangerous problem, 22 i in which both Mr. Nixon and Mr. Humphrey have advocated supply- LU 23 ing Israel with arms, to at least keep a balance of power z 24 there, and neither has really supported .a political way out. 25 MR. BALL: Mr. Nixon said something quite different. He said 13 1 that we should always assure military superiority for the ,2 Israelis. Now, that is a different emphasis which portrays'a 5 different attitude toward all of these problems. He is a man 4 who thinks that military might is the answer to everything 5 and that the only way that we can have a prosperous and happy 6 world is for the United States simply to threaten, to have 7 arms and threaten to use them. 8 MR. HOTTELET: But on the political side, what would you 9 suggest as a possible avenue toward a peaceful settlement, 10 without arms? 11 MR. BALL: Well, I would have thought a peaceful settlement is 12 an agreed solution between the parties, which they hopefully oS 13 would reach on their own. I would not exclude, however, the Q CtL 14 idea of some serious efforts between the United States and the 15 Soviet Union to try to bring about a control of the arms that 16 are going into the area, and which other nations, too, would 17 join — France, for example, which has been an arms supplier 18 in the past to the" area. I think this is vitally important, 19 and I think diplomacy should be directed at it, as it has been. 20 MR. LISAGOR: Mr. Ball, some Republicans have begun to call you 21 Mr. Humphrey's hatchet man, and that is a curious role for a ? 22 diplomat — 3 ui 23 MR. BALL; That has a great part in the traditions of the z 24 American Indian, you know. 25 MR. LISAGOR; Yes. It is a curious role for a diplomat to play, 14 1 however. Why — 2 MR. BALL: I am very good with the peace pipe, too. 5 MR. LISAGOR: I am not clear why you feel so passionate about 4 Mr. Nixon because you seem to suggest that a man cannot mature 5 and grow more responsible after eight years or twelve years or 6 something — 7 MR. BALL: I wouldn't say that a man cannot mature and grow more 8 responsible, but I simply see no evidence of it in the case of 9 Mr. Nixon. 10 MR. KAL3: What about the poll that was published today, that 11 suggests that your man is losing, Mr. Nixon appears to be hold- 12 ing his own and, therefore, holding a very commanding lead over 13 the Vice President? Q 1 14 MR. BALL; Well, one thing that is clear about American public 15 opinion is that it is extraordinarily volatile. I think, if ons 16 looks at the pattern of the polls for the last six months, this 17 becomes very clear. Mr. Humphrey for a while was very far 18 ahead, now he is behind. It is five weeks to the election. I 19 think the American people will begin to narrow in and focus on 20 the issue as the election approaches. The issue here is a very 21 clear one: Which man will you trust with the very hard problems I 22 that the United States is likely to face in the next four or UJ 23 eight years, which one of the two pireipal candidates? Z 24 MR. HOTTHLET: How is Mr. Humphrey to overcome this handicap, V 8 25 this lead that Nixon new has? 15 1 MR. BALL: I think he will do it by doing what he is doing, 2 which is talking frankly to the American people, and the fact 5 that Mr. Nixon isn't saying anything I think is going to turn 4 out to be a very great disadvantage for him, because it now 5 appears that Mr. Nixon Is the uncertain candidate who is afraid 6 that if he opens his mouth he will give himself away. 7 MR. HOTTELET: But there is an odd phenomenon in the campaigning 8 so far, these young men who keep trying to destroy the whole 9 campaign image of Humphrey, who break up his meetings, aren't 10 hounding Nixon. 11 MR. BALL: Well, it is a very strange delusion they waver under. 12 It is kind of an American St. Vitus dance, one of these mad 13 frenzies which affect the younger element of the society from 0 ae 14 time to time. 15 MR. HOTTELET: But my question is what is wrong with Humphrey 16 on his campaign that would bring this about? 17 MR. BALL: Oh, I think they know that Mr. Nixon is hopeless 18 and they think they might be able to influence Mr, Humphrey. 19 MR. LISAGOR: Mr. Ball, Mr. Nixon is talking very specifically 20 about one issue, and many people think that is the only issue § 8 u" 21 in this campaign, and that is the issue of law and order, crime D 22 in the streets, lawlessness — la 23 MR. BALL: He calls it justice and order, I think. •z. 24 MR. LISAGOR: Pardon? 25 MR. BALL: I think he calls it justice and order now, doesn't he? -o ct 1 MR. LISAGOR: Well, he calls it law and order with justice. CO C-* O 2 Now, you seem to suggest that the issue is broader than that, o CM c 1 3 that there is an issue of America's role in the world. And all c Q. 4 the polls and all of the response show that the law and order 5 issue seems to be the key'issue almost to the exclusion of 6 everything else, including Vietnam. Now, how do you and the 7 Vice President respond to that? 8 MR. BALL: You know, I can only respond in terms of my own 9 reactions. I don't know what the American people will think. 10 I caiv say this, that to me the most vital issue that the United 11 States faces is how is it going to live in the world without 12 blowing the world up in the next few years, or without being -J O_ 13 blown up by someone else. President Kennedy used to say that O 1 14 domestic issues were of enormous importance because they 15 affected our welfare and our prosperity but that foreign policy 16 issues could kill the whole nation and could kill the people. 17 And that is what we face now. Now I am not diminishing the 18 importance of the justice and order issue in the United 19 States, because it is a very great one. But I think that the 20 man who has demonstrated the ability to deal with it is a man 1o CM U 21 O who was a-reform mayor of Minneapolis and did a fantastically I ca c 22 good job in stopping crime and bringing law and order, and that i * UJ 23 was Vice President Humphrey. And I don't know of any experi- z f 24 ence that Mr. Nixon has ever had in this field. He has been a ffi V s 25 Congressman, a Senator, and a corporation lawyer. I don't 17 1 knew what any one of those vocations particularly contributes 2 to understanding this issue. 5 MR. LISAGOR: You left out that he was a Vice President. 4 MR. BALL: A Vice President. 5 MR. KALB: Mr. Ball, could you -- there seems to tie an idea, 6 that it is a good idea, among those people on the Humphrey staff, 7 for the President not to come out and actively campaign for 8 his Vice President and his party. 9 MR. BALE,: That is a judgment that the President will have to 10 make, as to how — 11 MR. KALB: Would you like to see more of this? 12 MR. BALL: Well, I think that certainly I like to have the 0. »S 13 fullest possible endorsement, for what the Vice President is Q 14 doing, by the President of the United States. 15 MR. LISAGOR: Mr. Ball, you have sat in on some of the most 16 crucial meetings on Vietnam that we have had in the last five 17 years. You know better, perhaps than most, what the Vice 18 President's role in those meetings was. 19 MR. BALL: It was a role of speaking up and expressing his 20 views on individual issues with regard to Vietnam that were « 22 who made the decision. LU 23 MR. LISAGOR: But was he consulted on the decision (a) to bomb z 24 North Vietnam; and, (b) to turn the Vietnamese war into a com- 25 bat role for American troops? 18 o vQ 1 MR. BALL: Well, that was not a single decision. There Were a •o 2 series of decisions made with regard to the bombing of North o 5 Vietnam because, as you recall, the bombing started out as a 4 single retaliatory raid, and that was the issue at first. 5 Then the bombing began to acquire a kind of life of its own, 6 as further decisions were made. But there was no- single de- 7 cision that was made — 8 MR. LISAGOR: But there was a single decision made about the 9 combat role for American troops. 10 MR. BALL: There was one decision that was made at that time, 11 which I happen to remember the Vice President's position on, 12 and that was a question as to whether we should bomb while Mr. "6 13 Kosygin was In Hanoi, and the Vice President was opposed to o a: 14 that. But beyond that I don't want to get Into questions of 15 what position he may have taken at one time or another. 16 MR. KALB: That was the beginning of the systematic attacks 17 on North Vietnam. 18 MR. BALL: Yes. 19 MR. HOTTELET: You say that the overriding Issue in your mind, s 20 certainly in terms of your experience, is the United States not 8 21 being blown up or having the world blown up. Where does the 22 United Nations fit into this? Whatever else your resignation us 23 shews, it doesn't suggest that you thought that what you might z £ 24 be doing in the General Assembly this fall was the most urgent Ifl 25 and important thing you — 19 o 04 1 MR. BALL: I think it is very important what the United Nations CO CN 2 CN will be doing this fall, although I don't think that this ^0 CN O O 3 coining session of the General Assembly is likely to be one of c O a. 4 the great historic sessions, simply because of what is likely 5 to be on the agenda. But I think of most importance to the 6 nations of the world, as well as to the United States, is who 7 is going to be the leader of the greatest country in the world, 8 in the next four years. This seems to me of such vital 9 importance that it is where we have to put our emphasis. And 10 if anyone such as myself who is in a position to contribute to 11 this decision, to making what I regard as the right decision, 12 then, it seemd to me, I had a real obligation to do so. 3 08 13 MR. KALB: Do you believe that the Vice President wants to have a: * 14 summitry with Soviet leaders soon after elected, if elected? 15 MR. BALL: Well, the question of summitry is a question of 16 what can be accomplished. Now what the situation will be on 17 January 20th and whether there.would be any utility in a 18 meeting with the Soviet leaders within a period of time after 19 that, this isn't anything you can decide now. s 20 MR. LISAGOR: Mr. Ball, I don't want to press you to telegraph 8 0 21 o" the Vice President's speech again, but would it be possible -- Ia c 22 MR. BALL: Well, you have been trying to. a Ul 23 MR. LISAGOR: Yes — would it be possible for the Vice 21 o 24 President to say that after January 2Oth, to make a pledged x 25 that after January 20th he could systematically begin to reduce 20 •o 3 1 the American force In Vietnam? 2 MR. BAIL: Well, let's wait until Monday night when the speech 5 will be on -- I think on a competing network, by the way. 4 MR. LISAGOR: But that would suggest that he might propose some- 5 thing like that. Are you willing to let that .stand, that he 6 might propose a systematic reduction after-January 20th? 7 MR. BALL; I am not answering the question and you are not en- 8 titled to draw any inferences from my refusal to answer. 9 MR. KALB: You did say earlier, however, that there was a de- 10 sire on the part of the Vice President systematically to reduce 11 American forces. 12 MR. BALL: He has said that already. 08 13 MR. KALB: Do you believe that this point, given Czechoslovakia, 0 14 that we almost inevitably are drifting towards a cold war 15 situation? 16 MR. BALL: Well, I think Czechoslovakia has obviously set back 17 very abruptly the progress that was being made towards an earier 18 working relationship with the Soviet Union. I don't think that 19 we can afford to let it be set back too far, because I think CM O 20 there are great issues where we can find both common concerns § U 21 and common interest with the Soviet Union, and we have got to Q 22 continue to strive to do that if we are going to move toward 23 any kind of a safer world in the future. But, obviously, 24 Czechoslovakia was a real blow to this progress. 25 MR. HOTTELET: Where would one 'start looking for this new 21 s 1 relationshi-o or better relationship? 00 •O 2 MR. BALL: On spscif5.c issues, the only way you can. O (N 0) 3 MR. HOTTELET: Such as? c o _c OL. 4 MR. BALL: Well, right now look what we have done: We have had 5 parallel courses of action with regard to Kashmir. We were 6 able to work out a limited Test-Ban Treaty. We have worked out 7 a Nonprolif eration Treaty, which hopefully will get on and be 8 ratified right away. 9 MR. KALB : Gentlemen, I am terribly sorry, our time is up. 10 - Thank you, "Mr. Ball, for being our guest on FACE THE'KATION. 11 A word about next week's guest in a moment. 12 fj 0. oS 13 : Today, on FACE THE NATION, former Ambassador to Q a: 0 14 the United Nations, George W. Ball was- interviewed by CBS 15 United Nations Correspondent Richard C. Hottelet, Peter 16 Lisagor, Washington Bureau Chief of the Chicago Daily News, 17 CBS News Diplomatic Correspondent Marvin Kalb led the question 18 ing. Next week, the Democratic candidate for Vice President, 19 Senator Edmund Muskie, of Maine, will FACE THE NATION. 20 go 8 a ui 23 Z 1 24 " 25 BOSTON GLOBE, Friday, k October 1968 :ir% 111 OdJLr4o Sil bc ' George Ball's announcement he left the Ball 1) defends the existing conduct of the United Nations to' help avert a national di- war, which makes him a member of the saster, i.e., the election of Richard Nixon, most exclusive club in America; 2) doesn't, was dismissed by Nixon's campaign-' manag- know how Nixon would solve the crisis; but er, John Mitchell, as contemptible, and we 3) knows'that he would solve it unsatisfac- are all off to a good start. torily. Why? Because he is a Republican — Ball has a certain literary flair and no and that js about the extent of the whole doubt will contribute a little acid to the gen- thing. eral political situation, and that much is Ball's background is impeccably liberal. okay. But it is at the same time reasonable Someone asked him a few years ago who to ask What are' Ball's credentials for advis- were his best friends, and his answer is ing this country at this hour. There are those surely a classic. Let me see, er, Adlai Ste- .who, serveying Ball's career, will wonder venson, Jean Monet, John Kenneth Gal- why Ball has associated himself with the au-f • braith, and Walter Lippmann. Now these gentlemen make excellent friends, but thors of .the crises from Nixon's' resolution of dreadful advisers, though,! pause to note which he now seeks to save us. that friend Lippmann has come out for Take Vietnam. It is ' whispered about Nixon. ,'that Ball was not ever really sympathetic to Ball most eloquently tore the Soviet rep- our Vietnam policies, and that therefore'his resentative to ribbons at the U.N. last Au- association with Humphrey has doveish im- gust after the crushing of Czechoslovakia, plications. In fact, doves on the prowl for but it appears never to have crossed his good news will be disappointed if they read mind that our own politics of detente, which Ball's book published early this year called he has enthusiastically forwarded during his "The Discipline of Power." In it he scorns years in the State Department, had the ef- those who believe that there are McCar- fect of encouraging the Soviet Union in law- thyite-solutions to the war, such as coalition lessness. His longtime addiction to detente governments, an end to the bombing, simple made him sound almost personally affronted cease-fires, or turning the problem over to la'st August when the Soviet Union moved the. United Nations.. into Czechoslovakia. Perhaps he will be disappointed yet The book is not a defense of our original again if, in the future, Richard Nixon is in- decision to go-into Vietnam, but it is.most augurated and administers the office of the certainly a defense of President .Johnson's chief executive without the advent of disas- conduct of a war we' may have made a mis- ter, disasters being, alas, what mostly hap- take getting into. "Regrettably," Ball con- pen during Democratic administrations, or cludes'his analysis,'"! have nothing better to so it sometimes seems, does it not? offer,, so that obnoxious as'I find the pros- It would appear, then, to be mostly a pect, I feel we may have no serious option matter of politics. Humphrey needs aggres- .but to continue the course we are presently. • sive champions. And then too, there is that pursuing until conditions for a settlement slender possibility of an upset victory. Ball are more propitious,. This means that we publicly informed Humphrey that he should cannot bring the war' to an acceptable end not consider Ball among prospective offi- until we further wear down the enemy in cials in a Humphrey administration, thus South Vietnam, where the issue is joined giving the whole operation an air of idealist- and will 'be determined." . ic detachment. Now Ball rushes forward to save the Exactly two months ago, Ball was quoted world from the consequences of President in the New York Times magazine as saying, Nixon's predictable mishandling'of the Viet- "Nobody who has done what I have done, nam .war', which Ball uneasily combines who has spent his whole adult life in the ' with" the_ charge that. Nixon hasn't indicated-