DOCSLIB.ORG

Commodity Credit Corporation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Commodity Credit Corporation COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FARM SERVICE AGENCY FACT SHEET October 2015 Commodity Credit Corporation OVERVIEW the United States. Officers of CCC, directly or through officials of designated USDA agencies, The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is a maintain liaison with numerous other government-owned and operated entity that was governmental and private trade operations. CCC created in 1933 to stabilize, support, and protect programs must be approved by the Board of farm income and prices. CCC was also charged Directors and/or the Secretary of Agriculture. with maintaining balanced and adequate supplies Currently, all members of the Board and all of agricultural commodities and to aid in the Corporation officers are USDA officials. orderly distribution of those commodities. CCC does not have any employees, using the CCC was incorporated on Oct. 17, 1933, under a employees of federal agencies in the conduct of its Delaware charter with a capitalization of operations. Domestic agricultural price and income $3 million. CCC was initially managed and support programs are carried out primarily through operated in close affiliation with the Reconstruc- the personnel and facilities of the Farm Service tion Finance Corporation, which funded its Agency (FSA). International programs are carried operations. On July 1, 1939, CCC was transferred out by the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) and to the United States Department of Agriculture the United States Agency for International (USDA) and was reincorporated on July 1, 1948, Development (USAID). The majority of CCC as a Federal Charted Corporation within USDA by conservation programs are implemented by the the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (62 Natural Resource and Conservation Service Stat.1070; 15 U.S.C. 714). (NRCS). Other USDA agencies also carry out CCC programs. CCC is authorized to contract for the The CCC Charter Act, as amended, is authorized to use of privately-owned facilities in carrying out its assist agricultural producers through loans, activities. purchases, payments, and other operations, and makes available materials and facilities required in CCC has no authority to acquire personal property. the production and marketing of agricultural com- CCC is prohibited from acquiring real property, or modities. any interest in property, except for the purpose of protecting its financial interests and for providing The CCC Charter Act also authorizes the sale of adequate storage to carry out its programs. CCC is agricultural commodities to other government authorized to rent or lease office space necessary agencies and to foreign governments and the for its business. donation of food to domestic, foreign, or international relief agencies. In addition, CCC FINANCING assists in the development of new domestic and foreign markets and marketing facilities for CCC has an authorized and outstanding capital agricultural commodities. stock of $100 million that is held by the United States Department of the Treasury. Interest on CCC ORGANIZATION capital stock is paid annually to Treasury based on a rate established by Treasury for government CCC is managed by a Board of Directors (Board) corporations. CCC has the authority to borrow up subject to the general supervision and direction of to $30 billion from the Treasury at any one time. the Secretary of Agriculture, who is an ex-officio These funds are used to implement the programs director and chairperson of the Board. The Board authorized under the CCC Charter Act and various consists of seven members, in addition to the other statutes, including the Agricultural Act of Secretary, who are appointed by the President of 2014 (the 2014 Farm Bill). Page 1 FACT SHEET Commodity Credit Corporation October 2015 CCC MAJOR PROGRAM ACTIVITIES assistance. Contract duration is between 10 and 15 years. CCC has invested $100 million in the Biofuels Infrastructure Partnership (BIP) to support the DOMESTIC AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY expansion of infrastructure for renewable PROGRAMS biofuels made from agricultural commodities. The BIP is administered through competitive grants and 2015 Programs matched by States and private contributions, creating additional markets for commodities. CCC Commodity price support operations include also funds the establishment of renewable energy marketing and managing any CCC-owned crop through the Biomass Crop Assistance inventories which are handled primarily through Program, assisting producers with the costs of nonrecourse loans for producers of wheat, corn, production, storage, and transportation of oilseeds, cotton, rice, barley, oats, grain sorghum, agricultural biomass for energy and bio-based wool, mohair, honey, peanuts, pulse crops, and products. CCC has also invested $160 million in a sugar. Borrowers may satisfy their obligations to partnership with the U.S. Navy and Department of a CCC nonrecourse loan by repaying the loan or Energy to accelerate the development of domestic, forfeiting the loan collateral to CCC. Marketing competitively-priced “drop-in” diesel and jet fuel assistance loans also provide interim financing to substitutes. This partnership assists the Federal producers so that commodities can be stored after Aviation Administration to build a green fleet and harvest, when market prices are typically low, to be help the commercial airline industry move towards sold later, when price conditions are more using biofuels to power jets. favorable. NRCS administers several CCC conservation International Programs programs. These programs use incentive and cost-share payments and NRCS personnel The USAID Office of Food for Peace (FFP) technical assistance to enhance the quality of the implements the Food for Peace Program. environment. The programs reduce, control, and Approximately $1.5 billion are appropriated prevent soil erosion; restore wetlands; protect and annually for this program, which CCC acquires improve the quality of wetland areas; establish, commodities and finances the transportation of the restore and enhance fish, waterfowl and wildlife commodities to international destinations. habitats; increase sediment trapping efficiencies; Commodities are provided to private voluntary and improve air quality. These programs also organizations and international organizations, provide for the purchase of conservation easements primarily the United Nations World Food Program directly from agricultural landowners or through a for use in emergency and development food cooperating entity. assistance activities. These activities include direct general food distribution, food for work, food for The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), training and supplementary feeding to reduce administered by FSA, assists producers to improve suffering and save lives while improving food conservation. CRP is a federally-funded voluntary security. program that contracts with agricultural producers so that environmentally sensitive CCC is authorized to promote the export of U.S. agricultural land is not farmed or ranched, but agricultural commodities through sales, payments, instead used for conservation benefits. CRP export credits and other related activities. participants establish long-term, resource- Currently, the major CCC export programs are the conserving plant species, such as approved grasses Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) and or trees (known as “covers”) to control soil the Facility Guarantee Program (FGP). The USDA erosion, improve water quality and develop Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) administers wildlife habitat. In return, FSA provides the GSM-102 program on behalf of the CCC; the participants with rental payments and cost-share program makes it possible for foreign buyers to purchase U.S. agricultural commodities from Page 2 FACT SHEET Commodity Credit Corporation October 2015 private U.S. exporters. U.S. banks provide FAS’s Emerging Markets Program (EMP) is a CCC financing to approve importers’ foreign banks on market access program that provides funding for commercial terms. The banks finance the export of technical assistance activities intended to promote the commodities and CCC guarantees repayment exports of U.S. agricultural commodities and to the U.S. banks. GSM-102 operates mainly in products to emerging markets in all geographic countries where credit is necessary to increase or regions consistent with U.S. foreign policy. maintain U.S. exports and where private financial The EMP is a generic program and its resources institutions may be unwilling to provide financing may be used to support exports of U.S. agricultural without CCC’s guarantee. commodities and products only through generic activities. Projects that endorse or promote branded Under FAS’s Facility Guarantee Program (FGP), products are not eligible for the program. Funding CCC extends credit guarantees to U.S. banks for is provided through three channels: (1) the financing export sales of U.S. capital goods and Central Fund which is the principal means of services to improve agriculture-related facilities funding, made available through a public in emerging markets, such as storage, processing announcement; (2) the Technical Issues Resolution and handling facilities. Sales of capital goods and Fund (TIRF) to address technical barriers to those services must be linked to projects that primarily issues that are time sensitive and are strategic areas benefit U.S. agricultural exports. of longer term interest; and (3) the Quick Response Marketing Fund (QRMF) to assist
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Irely's Next Gen Commodity Trading and Risk Management Software
    i21 — iRely’s Next Gen Commodity Trading and Risk Management Software Procurement, Trading and Risk Management End-to-End Process Visibility Traceability and Quality Management iRely Key Facts Headquartered in Fort Wayne, IN Officesin Bangalore, India and Makati City, Philippines Over 130 employees Today, customers are creating workflow systems utilizing many individual components including CRM, contract management, Over 30 years of logistics, accounting, inventory management, demand planning, commodity software and position management. This is a costly and resource heavy experience approach, and not scalable. iRely is the premier global partner of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Commodity Trading and Risk Management Privately held company (CTRM) software. iRely’s applications are modular and built on a Long-term ownership plan unified platform. Our solutions help companies manage core business processes within a single, easy to use system customized to Debtfree,profitable,and their requirements. These quality solutions are developed no external funding and managed by a team with broad subject matter expertise providing a competitive advantage to our customers. 2 | iRely.com 800.433.5724 Procurement, Trading and Risk Management iRely provides increased customer value across industries by consolidating the individual components into an integrated workflow-based system. iRely’s i21 software highlights include streamlined processes for trading management, forecasting and procurement management, risk management, quality management,
    [Show full text]
  • Fictitious Commodities: a Theory of Intellectual Property Inspired by Karl Polanyi’S “Great Transformation”
    Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal Volume 29 XXIX Number 4 Article 4 2019 Fictitious Commodities: A Theory of Intellectual Property Inspired by Karl Polanyi’s “Great Transformation” Alexander Peukert Goethe University, Frankfurt, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons, International Law Commons, and the Science and Technology Law Commons Recommended Citation Alexander Peukert, Fictitious Commodities: A Theory of Intellectual Property Inspired by Karl Polanyi’s “Great Transformation”, 29 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. L.J. 1151 (2019). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj/vol29/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Fictitious Commodities: A Theory of Intellectual Property Inspired by Karl Polanyi’s “Great Transformation” Cover Page Footnote Professor Dr. iur., Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, [email protected]. This article is available in Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj/vol29/iss4/4 Fictitious Commodities: A Theory of Intellectual Property Inspired by Karl Polanyi’s “Great Transformation” Alexander Peukert* The puzzle this Article addresses is this: how can it be explained that intellectual property (IP) laws and IP rights (IPRs) have continuously grown in number and expanded in scope, territorial reach, and duration, while at the same time have been contested, much more so than other branches of property law? This Article offers an explanation for this peculiar dynamic by applying insights and concepts of Karl Polanyi’s book “The Great Transformation” to IP.
    [Show full text]
  • Commodity Procurement / Merchandiser
    Career Profiles COMMODITY PROCUREMENT / MERCHANDISER Commodity Procurement/Merchandisers oversee companies commodities and are responsible for trading, purchasing, locating, and customer accounts for each commodity. WHAT RESPONSIBILITIES WILL I HAVE? WHAT EDUCATION & TRAINING IS REQUIRED? Bachelor’s degree in agricultural business, supply chain • Collaborate between feed formulators and plant managers to provide management, accounting, or finance lowest cost options for all feeds, feed ingredients and feed products • Point of contact for suppliers, external market consultants, and resources THE FOLLOWING HIGH SCHOOL COURSES • Support the Commodities group by negotiating cost saving initiatives and ARE RECOMMENDED... cost mitigation efforts Agricultural education, a focus on the sciences, computer • Determines strategic supply objectives using tools and reports for decision courses, geography, mathematics making around products and commodity purchases • Assesses supply base and negotiates best cost structure TYPICAL EMPLOYERS • Identifies and develop a reliable and effective base of qualified suppliers. • Takes action to address supplier pricing and/or delivery issues; advises Integrated animal production companies, seed/fertilizer/ management of market conditions and supply base activity which presents chemical dealers/producers, food production companies, significant risk or needs to be elevated to management’s attention cooperatives and elevator companies • Drive continuous supplier quality improvement through participating in rapid
    [Show full text]
  • AMS Commodity Procurement
    AMS Commodity Procurement CPS is committed to providing contracting opportunities to a variety of large and small business concerns. Annually, CPS has an established goal to increase the number of opportunities for all small businesses, but especially for small disadvantaged businesses, women-owned small businesses, service- disabled veteran-owned small businesses, hub-zone small businesses and 8(a) firms. Our intent is to provide opportunities for all small businesses to grow their enterprises utilizing Federal contracting opportunities. Native American companies interested in the 8(a) Business Development Program and/or a HubZone small business manufacturer, please visit the Small Business Administration at www.sba.gov to see the qualification requirements. CPS purchases fruits, vegetables, nuts, specialty crops, beef, pork, fish, chicken, eggs, turkey, and food oil products for distribution to the National School Lunch Program and other domestic nutrition assistance programs such as elderly homes, homeless shelters, Indian Reservations and Natural Disasters just to name a few. As of July 30, 2015, Agricultural Marketing Service, Commodity Procurement Staff will be handling all FSA domestic products for grain, dairy and oilseed products due to the consolidation merger with the Domestic Procurement Division office in Kansas City (formerly the Farm Service Agency). CPS procures these products year-round in bulk, institutional and household sized packaging and in truckload quantities. Feel free to go on our website at http://www.ams.usda.gov/selling-food to view our FY 2015-2016 Purchase Schedule. This schedule will give you our “intended” general plans of commodity purchases for the fiscal year. Please keep in mind that this schedule is “tentative” and can be changed at any time.
    [Show full text]
  • Aaron Sapiro's Theory of Cooperatives
    1993 Classic Reprint Review/Ginder 93 fVent As the responsible gUides of the commercial life ofAmerica, the bankers md." should study critically the cooperative movement in America and adapt Ileat, the proved principles of successful cooperation to the commodities which they finance. If they want to keep the farmer producing, and to enable him .lbUc to adopt a decent standard of living and to avoid tenancy, there is only one ~ot a proved means to accomplish this end. : say But the solving of the financial problems for the growers of our great ~ got crops is not the primary accomplishment of cooperative marketing. Our agricultural citizenship has frequently been assailed because of its fhat disregard for the culture and erudition which characterized metropolitan ould citizenship. :ural What spirituality and what unwavering vision must a man possess who sent clings to some hope of social or commercial opportunities for a family he ~ or has not sufficient income to provide with the bare necessities of life! ~ the What chance is there for cultural development in a disorganized and that undirected population? mks In sections of the country where this new system of orderly distribution i the ofagricultural products has been introduced the enduring farmer is trans­ lree­ fonned into a man of accomplished efforts; through better roads, leading rtths to more centralized educational units, through better rural schools with The teachers sustained by a suitable recompense, and through an added num­ Fally ber of churches injecting higher aims and a sense of social responsibility. ithe Money accumulated in a banking institution for the sole purpose of the the interest accruing is an infirmity; but an increasing bank account helping give to realize higher dreams' is a moral asset.
    [Show full text]
  • Cereal Secrets: the World's Largest Grain Traders and Global Agriculture
    OXFAM RESEARCH REPORTS AUGUST 2012 CEREAL SECRETS The world's largest grain traders and global agriculture MS. SOPHIA MURPHY INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT AND SENIOR ADVISOR AT THE INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURE AND TRADE POLICY DR. DAVID BURCH HONORARY PROFESSOR SOCIOLOGY, THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND DR. JENNIFER CLAPP PROFESSOR, ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE STUDIES AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO The four big commodity traders – Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Bunge, Cargill and Louis Dreyfus, collectively referred to as ‘the ABCD companies’ – are dominant traders of grain globally and central to the modern agri-food system. This report considers the ABCDs in relation to several global issues pressing on agriculture: the ‘financialization’ of both commodity trade and agricultural production; the emergence of global competitors to the ABCDs, in particular from Asia; and some of the implications of large-scale industrial biofuels, a sector in which the ABCDs are closely involved. The report includes a discussion of how smallholders in developing countries are affected by these changes, and highlights some development policy implications, given the importance of the ABCD firms in shaping the world of food and agriculture. The report highlights the ways in which these four firms are decisive actors in the global restructuring of the overlapping food, feed, and fuel complexes that is now under way, and considers how the firms are evolving as they respond to and shape the new pressures and opportunities in the modern agri-food system. Oxfam Research Reports are written to share research results, to contribute to public debate and to invite feedback on development and humanitarian policy and practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Supply Chain Management of Health Commodities and Logistics: Fundamental Components of Booming Medical Laboratory Services Kumurya, A
    European Journal of Logistics, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Vol.3, No.4, pp.62-72, November 2015 ___Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) Supply Chain Management of Health Commodities and Logistics: Fundamental Components of Booming Medical Laboratory Services Kumurya, A. S Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano-NIGERIA. ABSTRACT: The importance of quality laboratory services is unquestionable. The growth of programs for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis (TB), and malaria requires strong and supportive laboratory services. For antiretroviral therapy (ART) in particular, there has been a growing recognition of this importance, given the number of laboratory tests required to effectively and efficiently monitor treatment. Well functioning supply chain will enhance the availability of the commodities (commodity security) required to provide necessary laboratory services. In addition, an effective and efficient laboratory supply chain can promote common approaches on policy, laboratory procedures and information system. KEYWORDS: Supply Chain, Management, Commodity, Laboratory Services INTRODUCTION Supply Chain Management and Logistics Over time, the profession of supply chain management has evolved to meet the changing needs of the global supply chain. According to the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) — “Supply chain management
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Commodity Procurement Services
    ENERGY COMMODITY PROCUREMENT SERVICES AGREEMENT BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AND PRAIRIELAND ENERGY, INCORPORATED This Agreement is made between the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, a body corporate and politic of the State of Illinois (“Board”), and Prairieland Energy, Incorporated, an Illinois corporation (“Prairieland”), and is for the purpose of setting forth the terms, conditions, and obligations of the parties relative to the procurement of energy commodities (e.g., fuels, electric power, chilled water, steam), and ancillary services, and utility services (e.g., natural gas, electricity, water, sanitary) to meet the University’s energy and utility service requirements and Prairieland’s retail customer requirements. WHEREAS, Prairieland’s mission is to procure and provide energy commodities (e.g., fuels, electric power, chilled water, steam), ancillary services, and to transact with private, public, and municipal utility suppliers, including but not limited to, natural gas, electricity, water, sanitary, chilled water and steam to deliver these commodities and utility services in a manner that supports the reliable provision of energy and utility services to the University of Illinois (“University”) while achieving an effective balance of cost efficiency, acceptable price volatility and desired budget certainty; WHEREAS, Prairieland is a "university-related organization" (“URO”) as that term is defined and is subject to Section VI of the University Guidelines 1982 (amended 1997), established by the
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter.5 Cooperative Agricultural Marketing
    CHAPTER.5 COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING INSTITUTIONS Co-operative Marketing The establishment of co-operative marketing societies was another step which has been taken to overcome the problems arising out of the present system of marketing agricultural produce. The objectives of economic development and social justice can be furthered by channelising agricultural produce through cooperative institutions. Private agencies dominate the Indian food grains trade. Farmers complain of the marketing system because they get lower prices, due mainly to high marketing charges and the prevalence of malpractices. The efforts of the government to improve the marketing system of agricultural commodities have been only partially successful in creating healthy conditions for scientific and efficient marketing. Moreover, the progress of regulated markets is not uniform in all areas. The need for strengthening co-operative organization has, therefore, been recognized for the marketing of the produce of farmers and for making inputs available for them at the right price and time. The co-operative institutions are expected to function as competitors of private traders in the market. These organizations pool the produce of the small farmers having a small surplus to market and improve their bargaining power. They have also helped government agencies in the execution of the policy decisions bearing on the procurement and distribution of food grains and other essential commodities. Meaning A co-operative sales association is a voluntary business organization established by its member patrons to market farm products collectively for their direct benefit. It is governed by democratic principles, and savings are apportioned to the members on the basis of their patronage.
    [Show full text]
  • SAP for Commodity Trading Optimize Commodity Pricing GET STARTED and Better Manage Risk Table of Contents
    SAP for commodity trading Optimize commodity pricing GET STARTED and better manage risk Table of contents Executive summary Table of contents Commodity Management enhancements Executive summary Potential Commodity Management benefits Commodity Management Moving to SAP Commodity Management: Interim states enhancements Potential Commodity Different migration paths for different companies Management benefits Looking ahead Moving to SAP Commodity Management: Interim states About Deloitte Different migration paths for different companies Looking ahead About Deloitte 2 | SAP for commodity trading Executive summary For commodity-driven companies, today’s market environment of narrow margins and volatility uncertainty makes the trading function more important than ever. Despite the Table of contents increasing relevance of trading, a fully integrated Commodity Management solution Executive summary that can meet both the needs of traders and the enterprise has been elusive. Commodity Management enhancements Many companies use a niche commodity trading and In this report, we’ll take a closer look at SAP Commodity risk management (CTRM) system—or a collection of Management, including: Potential Commodity spreadsheets—to support trading. But the lack of • Enhancements new for SAP S/4HANA Management benefits integration between a company’s CTRM system and its • The high-level benefits companies can realize through Moving to SAP Commodity enterprise resource planning (ERP) system has long been these enhancements Management: Interim states an issue,
    [Show full text]
  • The Self-Regulating Market and the Fictitious Commodities: Labor, Land
    [ 701 The Great Transformation conditions. For any temporary intrusion of buyers or sellers in the market must destroy the balance and disappoint regular buyers or sell­ ers, with the result that the market will cease to function. The former purveyors will cease to offer their goods as they cannot be sure that CHAPTER SIX their goods will fetch a price, and the market left without sufficient The Self-Regulating Market and supply will become a prey to the monopolist. To a lesser degree, the same dangers were present on the demand side, where a rapid falling the Fictitious Commodities: off might be followed by a monopoly ofdemand. With every step that the state took to rid the market ofparticularist restrictions, oftolls and Labor, Land, and Money prohibitions, it imperiled the organized system ofproduction and dis­ tribution which was now threatened by unregulated competition and "his cursory outline of the economic system and markets, taken the intrusion ofthe interloper who "scooped" the market but offered .1 separately, shows that never before our own time were markets no guarantee ofpermanency. Thus it came that although the new na­ more than accessories ofeconomic life. As a rule, the economic system tional markets were, inevitably, to some degree competitive, it was the was absorbed in the social system, and whatever principle ofbehavior traditional feature ofregulation, not the new element ofcompetition, predominated in the economy, the presence ofthe market pattern was which prevailed. *The self-sufficing household ofthe peasant laboring found to be compatible with it. The principle ofbarter or exchange, for his subsistence remained the broad basis ofthe economic system, which underlies this pattern, revealed no tendency to expand at the which was being integrated into large national units through the for­ expense ofthe rest.
    [Show full text]
  • Commodity Index Methodology the ICE Bofa Commodity Index Extra Handbook September 14, 2021
    Commodity Index Methodology The ICE BofA Commodity Index eXtra Handbook September 14, 2021 COMMODITY INDEX METHODOLOGY ICE BofA Commodity Index eXtra (MLCX) ...........................................................3 Chapter 1: The ICE BofA Commodity index eXtra Overview ............................5 Section 1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................5 Section 1.2 MLCX Handbook.....................................................................................7 Section 1.3 Construction Philosophy..........................................................................7 Section 1.4 Contract Roll Methodology ......................................................................9 Section 1.5 Index Advisory Committee.......................................................................9 Chapter 2: Construction .......................................................................................10 Section 2.1 Exchange Selection ..............................................................................10 Section 2.2 Contract Selection.................................................................................10 2.2.1 Eligibility......................................................................................................10 2.2.2 Contract Liquidity Requirements and MLCX Contract Selection ....................11 Section 2.3 MLCX Contract Weighting .....................................................................12 2.3.1 Global Production Value ..............................................................................12
    [Show full text]