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Aquatic Ecosystems
February 19, 2014 Nantahala and Pisgah NFs Assessment Aquatic Ecosystems The overall richness of North Carolina’s aquatic fauna is directly related to the geomorphology of the state, which defines the major drainage divisions and the diversity of habitats found within. There are seventeen major river basins in North Carolina. Five western basins are part of the Interior Basin (IB) and drain to the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico (Hiwassee, Little Tennessee, French Broad, Watauga, and New). Parts of these five river basins are within the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests (NFs). Twelve central and eastern basins are part of the Atlantic Slope (AS) and flow to the Atlantic Ocean. Of these twelve central and eastern basins, parts of the Savannah, Broad, Catawba, and Yadkin-Pee Dee basins are within the Nantahala and Pisgah NFs. As described later in this report, the Nantahala and Pisgah NFs, for the most part, support higher elevation coldwater streams, and relatively little cool- and warmwater resources. To gain perspective on the importance of aquatic ecosystems on the Nantahala and Pisgah NFs, it is first necessary to understand their value at regional and national scales. The southeastern United States has the highest aquatic species diversity in the entire United States (Burr and Mayden 1992; Williams et al. 1993; Taylor et al. 1996; Warren et al. 2000,), with southeastern fishes comprising 62% of the United States fauna, and nearly 50% of the North American fish fauna (Burr and Mayden 1992). Freshwater mollusk diversity in the southeast is ‘globally unparalleled’, representing 91% of all United States mussel species (Neves et al. -
Scenic Landforms of Virginia
Vol. 34 August 1988 No. 3 SCENIC LANDFORMS OF VIRGINIA Harry Webb . Virginia has a wide variety of scenic landforms, such State Highway, SR - State Road, GWNF.R(T) - George as mountains, waterfalls, gorges, islands, water and Washington National Forest Road (Trail), JNFR(T) - wind gaps, caves, valleys, hills, and cliffs. These land- Jefferson National Forest Road (Trail), BRPMP - Blue forms, some with interesting names such as Hanging Ridge Parkway mile post, and SNPMP - Shenandoah Rock, Devils Backbone, Striped Rock, and Lovers Leap, National Park mile post. range in elevation from Mt. Rogers at 5729 feet to As- This listing is primarily of those landforms named on sateague and Tangier islands near sea level. Two nat- topographic maps. It is hoped that the reader will advise ural lakes occur in Virginia, Mountain Lake in Giles the Division of other noteworthy landforms in the st& County and Lake Drummond in the City of Chesapeake. that are not mentioned. For those features on private Gaps through the mountains were important routes for land always obtain the owner's permission before vis- early settlers and positions for military movements dur- iting. Some particularly interesting features are de- ing the Civil War. Today, many gaps are still important scribed in more detail below. locations of roads and highways. For this report, landforms are listed alphabetically Dismal Swamp (see Chesapeake, City of) by county or city. Features along county lines are de- The Dismal Swamp, located in southeastern Virginia, scribed in only one county with references in other ap- is about 10 to 11 miles wide and 15 miles long, and propriate counties. -
President of the United States
.ME’SS.hGE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, TRANSMITTIP;G A RmEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE IN KEI,ATIOI\‘ TO THE l~ORESTS, lZI\‘lSltS, AND MOUNTAlNS OF THE SOlYl’HF,RN APPALACHIAN REGION. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1902. 5% th,r SL')Lcttr and I-lonfW ofR~~~/,~~~sc)ltltli,'eS: I transmit herewith a report of the Secretary of Agriculture, pre- pared in collaboration with the Department of the Interior, upon the forests, rivers, and mountains; of the Southern L4ppalachian region, and upon its agricultural situation as affected by t’lem. The report of the Secretary presents t#he final results of an investigation authorized by the last Congress. Its conclusions point unmistakably, in the judg- ment of the Secretary and in my own, to the creation of a national forest reserve in certain lyarts of the Southern States. The facts ascer- tained and here presented deserve the careful consideration of the Congress; they have already received the full attention of the scientist and the lumberman. They set forth an economic need of prime impor- tance to the welfare of the South, and hence to that of the nation as a whole, and they point to the necessity of protecting t,hrough wise use a mountain region whose influence flows far beyond its borders with the waters of the rivers to which it gives rise. Among the elevations of the eastern half of t.he United States the Southern ;Lppalachians are of paramount interest for geographic, hydrographic, and forest reasons, and, as a consequence, for economic reasons as well. -
Pond Mountain and Stone Mountain Hike
Pond Mountain and Stone Mountain - Pond Mountain Game Land, NC Length Difficulty Streams Views Solitude Camping 10.7 mls N/A N/A Hiking Time: 5 hours and 30 minutes with 1 hour and 30 minutes of breaks Elev. Gain: 2,045 ft Parking: Park at the Burnt School Cemetery entrance 36.55554, -81.67758 By Trail Contributor: Zach Robbins Typically a mention of the Iron Mountains brings to mind the windswept rocky plateaus of the Grayson Highlands and the two highest peaks in Virginia, Mount Rogers and Whitetop Mountain. However, the mountain range extends southwest from these popular hiking destinations into the isolated tri-state corner of North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Public access in this region is sporadic to say the least. The Tennessee side has a few official horse trails within Cherokee National Forest, while the North Carolina and Virginia side is a mishmash of game land and private property. In 2010, the Blue Ridge Conservancy aided the transfer of nearly 1,800 acres around Pond Mountain to the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. Now the Pond Mountain Game Land is publicly accessible and the outstanding views from the peaks can be experienced by all. The majority of this hike passes through grazing land and old Christmas tree farms. Since the surrounding land has been cleared, you’ll have superb views with almost every step. The summits of Pond Mountain and Stone Mountain and additional viewpoints provide the finest views of the Iron and Amphibolite mountain ranges in the region. There are two main access points to the game land, this hike begins at the Burnt School Cemetery entrance which lies centrally between Pond Mountain and Stone Mountain. -
NATIONAL FORESTS /// the Southern Appalachians
NATIONAL FORESTS /// the Southern Appalachians NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA, TENNESSEE » » « « « GEORGIA UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE National Forests in the Southern Appalachians UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN REGION ATLANTA, GEORGIA MF-42 R.8 COVER PHOTO.—Lovely Lake Santeetlah in the iXantahala National Forest. In the misty Unicoi Mountains beyond the lake is located the Joyce Kilmer Memorial Forest. F-286647 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OEEICE WASHINGTON : 1940 F 386645 Power from national-forest waters: Streams whose watersheds are protected have a more even flow. I! Where Rivers Are Born Two GREAT ranges of mountains sweep southwestward through Ten nessee, the Carolinas, and Georgia. Centering largely in these mountains in the area where the boundaries of the four States converge are five national forests — the Cherokee, Pisgah, Nantahala, Chattahoochee, and Sumter. The more eastern of the ranges on the slopes of which thesefo rests lie is the Blue Ridge which rises abruptly out of the Piedmont country and forms the divide between waters flowing southeast and south into the Atlantic Ocean and northwest to the Tennessee River en route to the Gulf of Mexico. The southeastern slope of the ridge is cut deeply by the rivers which rush toward the plains, the top is rounded, and the northwestern slopes are gentle. Only a few of its peaks rise as much as a mile above the sea. The western range, roughly paralleling the Blue Ridge and connected to it by transverse ranges, is divided into segments by rivers born high on the slopes between the transverse ranges. -
A Draft Documentary History of the Cranberry Iron Mine in Mitchell County, North Carolina by Colonel (Ret.) William C
A Draft Documentary History of the Cranberry Iron Mine in Mitchell County, North Carolina By Colonel (Ret.) William C. Schneck, Jr. Corps of Engineers (As of 15 October 2017) Introduction This is a draft documentary history of the Cranberry Iron Mine, from the time that General Robert Hoke acquired the property in 1867 until the last active mining operation closed in the 1960s. I have attempted to collect relevant documents and place them in roughly chronological order. I have also included the available relevant technical information on the equipment used in the mine. Perhaps more can be accomplished on this portion of the subject. I invite other members of the Historical Society to add any missing material to this document and discuss/correct any deficient interpretations of the information at hand (particularly the dating of photos). As drafted, my intent was to focus on the mine (not the railroad, town, furnace in Johnson City, or other iron mining operations along the railroad as this document is currently over 200 pages). For those who wish to research the documents and photos further, I have provided links to expedite such attempts when available. In general, I have left the original spelling (sometimes autocorrect strikes, so I am unsure that all of it is original). I believe this documentary history will support much analysis (e.g. accurate structural drawings and detailed timelines of changes in the facilities), which will make it possible to develop more accurate modelling of this fascinating operation. I wish to thank Chris Ford for his assistance and encouragement to bring this document into a presentable state. -
Bird Finding on Roan Mountain, Mitchell County, N.C
BIRD FINDING ON ROAN MOUNTAIN, MITCHELL COUNTY, N.C. ELOISE F. POTTER and HARRY E. LeGRAND JR. Botanists have long recognized Roan Mountain and its neighbors in northwestern North Carolina and adjacent eastern Tennessee as the home for many extinct, rare, and endangered plants (Cooper et al. 1977). Although Roan Mountain, which lies astride the line between Carter County, Tenn., and Mitchell County, N.C., is a favorite gathering place for Tennessee naturalists, Tar Heels tend to do their mountain bird watching elsewhere. There are less than a dozen references to Roan Mountain in more than 40 volumes of Chat. In recent years the late Fred W. Behrend and other observers have found a number of unusual birds on Roan Mountain, but in most cases the accounts published in Migrant and American Birds do not clearly state whether the birds were in North Carolina or Tennessee. Following reports of Magnolia Warblers (Dendroica magnolia) on the Roan in late June and early July 1975 (Eller 1975, Herndon 1977), we decided North Carolinians should have a Breeding Bird Foray on the Mitchell County side of the mountain. Margery Plymire of Linville, N.C., and Tom Haggerty of Boone, N.C., helped us conduct a 1-day survey on 7 June 1979. We saw no Magnolia Warblers, but we did find a singing Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus)—the first known breeding season occurrence of this species south of Virginia. THE ROAN Rising to 6286 feet, Roan Mountain is the highest peak in the small but lofty Unaka Mountain Range, also known as the Iron Mountains. -
Revised Land and Resource Management Plan United States Department of Agriculture
Revised Land and Resource Management Plan United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Region Cherokee National Forest Management Bulletin R8-MB 114A January, 2004 Supervisor’s Office P.O. Box 2010 Cleveland, TN 37320 2800 N. Ocoee Street. Cleveland, TN 37312 Office: (423) 476-9700 Fax: (423) 339-8650 Ocoee/Hiwassee Ranger District Nolichucky/UnakaRanger District Rt. 1, Box 348-D 4900 Asheville Highway, SR70 Benton, TN 37307 Greeneville, TN 37743 Office: (423) 338-5201 Office: (423) 638-4109 Fax: (423) 338-6577 Fax: (423) 638-6599 Tellico Ranger District Watauga Ranger District 250 Ranger Station Road P.O. Box 400 (4400 Unicoi Drive) Tellico Plains, TN 37385 Unicoi, TN 37692 Office: (423) 253-2520 Office: (423) 735-1500 Fax: (423) 253-2804 Fax: (423) 735-7306 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. CHEROKEE NATIONAL FOREST TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................. i LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................................ -
Description of the Roan Mountain Quadrangle
DESCRIPTION OF THE ROAN MOUNTAIN QUADRANGLE By Arthur Keith. GEOGRAPHY. have been changed to slates, schists, or similar to the Ohio. The northern portion of the eastern section. The grades of the other rivers are those rocks by varying degrees of metamorphism, or or Appalachian Mountain division is drained east generally prevailing in the Mountains. All the GENERAL RELATIONS. igneous rocks, such as granite and diabase, which ward to the Atlantic, but south of New River all rivers leave the border of the Mountains at 1500 Location. The Roan Mountain quadrangle lies have solidified from a molten condition. except the eastern slope is drained westward by to 1600 feet above sea. Their subsequent grades mainly in Tennessee, but about one-fourth of its The western division of the Appalachian prov tributaries of the Tennessee or southward by tribu are exceptionally steep for rivers in the limestone southern part is in North Carolina. It is included ince embraces the Cumberland Plateau, the Alle taries of the Coosa. districts, and not far below the Mountains they between parallels 36° and 36° 30' and meridians gheny Mountains, and the lowlands of Tennessee, The position of the streams in the Appalachian descend through narrow canyons where erosion is 82° and 82° 30', and contains about 963 square Kentucky, and Ohio. Its northwestern boundary Valley is dependent on the geologic structure. In most active. miles, divided between Washington, Sullivan, Car is indefinite, but may be regarded as an arbitrary general they flow in courses which for long dis Topography. There are many differences in the ter, and Unicoi counties of Tennessee and Yancey line coinciding with the eastern boundary of the tances are parallel to the sides of the Great Valley, surface forms of this quadrangle. -
Upper North Toe River Watershed Action Plan
Upper North Toe River Watershed Action Plan Avery, Mitchell, and Yancey Counties North Carolina Effective January 1, 2015 Prepared for the Blue Ridge Resource Conservation & Development Council, Inc. 26 Crimson Laurel Circle, Suite 2 Bakersville, NC 28705 Prepared by Equinox Environmental Consultation & Design, Inc. 37 Haywood Street Asheville, NC 28801 December 2014 This page intentionally left blank. Table of Contents Page Key to Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................... v Executive Summary ...................................................................................... vii Acknowledgments ...................................................................................... xvii North Carolina 9-Element Plan Checklist .......................................................... xviii 1. Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and History ......................................................................... 1 1.2 Why the Upper North Toe River is Impaired? ................................................ 4 1.3 Synopsis of Cause and Source of the Primary Stressor – Sediment ....................... 5 1.3.1 Other Stressors ............................................................................. 5 1.4 Why Care? ......................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Environmental Factors .................................................................... -
Long Term Analysis of Water Quality Trends in the Toe and Cane River Watersheds: Year Five
Long Term Analysis of Water Quality Trends in the Toe and Cane River Watersheds: Year Five Technical Report No. 2013-1 March 2013 Ann Marie Traylor This Project is funded by the Toe River Valley Watch. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................ 4 I. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5 Table 1: Toe River Valley Watch monitoring sites ................................................................... 6 Figure 1: Map of TRVW monitoring sites ................................................................................. 7 II. Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 8 III. Results and Discussion ................................................................................................................ 9 Table 2: Classification grades based on parameters and ranges ............................................. 10 A. Acidity (pH) and Alkalinity .................................................................................................... 12 Figure 2: pH levels at each monitoring site ............................................................................ 13 Figure 3: Alkalinity levels at each monitoring site ................................................................. 13 B. Turbidity and Total -
The High Peaks and Asheville—MST Segment 3
1 | Mountains-to-Sea Trail Last Updated 1/1/2017 Approaching Blackstock Knob Photo by Jeff Clark www.internetbrothers.org The High Peaks and Asheville—MST Segment 3 PISGAH INN TO BLACK MOUNTAIN CAMPGROUND By Jim Grode Segment 3 is where Asheville comes to play. It is the most heavily used part of the MST within the mountains, and you are likely to encounter hikers, dog walkers, and trail runners at any time throughout the year. Virtually all of it is easily accessible from the Blue Ridge Parkway (BRP), and there are road crossings every few miles for most of the length. Don’t let its accessibility and popularity fool you, however: With eleva- tions ranging from 2,000 feet at the French Broad River to over 6,600 feet at the summit of Mount Mitchell, this segment is quite rugged. Indeed, the Segment 3 | 2 section just west of Asheville hosts the infamous Shut-In Ridge Trail Run, an 18-mile trail run that annually humbles racers from around the country. Complementing the natural beauty of the Blue Ridge Mountains in this area is the vibrancy of Asheville, a city of 80,000 nestled in the French Broad River valley, which regularly makes lists of the top 10 cities in the United States. Crammed with restaurants, shops, art galleries, and brew- eries, Asheville offers something for nearly everyone and is well worth a layover in your hiking schedule. HIGHLIGHTS INCLUDE • The views atop 6,684-foot Mount Mitchell, the highest point east of the Mississippi River • The Shut-In Trail, which follows the old carriage road from the Biltmore House to George Vanderbilt’s hunting lodge on Mount Pisgah (which no longer stands, but a few remnants of which are still visible) • The cultural and scientific displays at the Blue Ridge Parkway Visitor Center & Headquarters near Asheville • The fine collection of southern art and crafts at the Folk Art Center also near Asheville.