Effect of Stress and Diapause in Two Calliphoridae Species
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Insect Cold Tolerance: How Many Kinds of Frozen?
POINT OF VIEW Eur. J. Entomol. 96:157—164, 1999 ISSN 1210-5759 Insect cold tolerance: How many kinds of frozen? B rent J. SINCLAIR Department o f Zoology, University o f Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Insect, cold hardiness, strategies, Freezing tolerance, Freeze intolerance Abstract. Insect cold tolerance mechanisms are often divided into freezing tolerance and freeze intolerance. This division has been criticised in recent years; Bale (1996) established five categories of cold tolerance. In Bale’s view, freezing tolerance is at the ex treme end of the spectrum o f cold tolerance, and represents insects which are most able to survive low temperatures. Data in the lit erature from 53 species o f freezing tolerant insects suggest that the freezing tolerance strategies o f these species are divisible into four groups according to supercooling point (SCP) and lower lethal temperature (LLT): (1) Partially Freezing Tolerant-species that survive a small proportion o f their body water converted into ice, (2) Moderately Freezing Tolerant-species die less than ten degrees below their SCP, (3) Strongly Freezing Tolerant-insects with LLTs 20 degrees or more below their SCP, and (4) Freezing Tolerant Species with Low Supercooling Points which freeze at very low temperatures, and can survive a few degrees below their SCP. The last 3 groups can survive the conversion of body water into ice to an equilibrium at sub-lethal environmental temperatures. Statistical analyses o f these groups are presented in this paper. However, the data set is small and biased, and there are many other aspects o f freezing tolerance, for example proportion o f body water frozen, and site o f ice nucleation, so these categories may have to be re vised in the future. -
Lepidoptera of North America 5
Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera by Valerio Albu, 1411 E. Sweetbriar Drive Fresno, CA 93720 and Eric Metzler, 1241 Kildale Square North Columbus, OH 43229 April 30, 2004 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Cover illustration: Blueberry Sphinx (Paonias astylus (Drury)], an eastern endemic. Photo by Valeriu Albu. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Abstract A list of 1531 species ofLepidoptera is presented, collected over 15 years (1988 to 2002), in eleven southern West Virginia counties. A variety of collecting methods was used, including netting, light attracting, light trapping and pheromone trapping. The specimens were identified by the currently available pictorial sources and determination keys. Many were also sent to specialists for confirmation or identification. The majority of the data was from Kanawha County, reflecting the area of more intensive sampling effort by the senior author. This imbalance of data between Kanawha County and other counties should even out with further sampling of the area. Key Words: Appalachian Mountains, -
Chrysomelidae), a Promising Agent
THERMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND PREDICTED DISTRIBUTION OF ZYGOGRAMMA BICOLORATA (CHRYSOMELIDAE), A PROMISING AGENT FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE INVASIVE WEED PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS IN SOUTH AFRICA HELEN KING Submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in the Discipline of Entomology School of Biological and Conservation Sciences Faculty of Science and Agriculture University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg 2008 i PREFACE The experimental work described in this dissertation was carried out in the School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg and at the Cedara Weeds Unit (ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute) from January 2006 to January 2008, under the supervision of Doctor Terence Olckers and co- supervision of Doctor Andrew McConnachie and Professor Colleen Downs. This dissertation, submitted for the degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, represents original work by the author and has not otherwise been submitted in any form for any degree or diploma to any University. Where use has been made of the work of others, it is duly acknowledged in the text. …………………………. Helen King January 2008 I certify that the above statement is correct ………………………….. Doctor Terence Olckers Supervisor ………………………….. Doctor Andrew McConnachie Co-supervisor ………………………….. Professor Colleen T. Downs Co-supervisor January 2008 i ii ABSTRACT Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae), classified as an emerging weed in South Africa, has become abundant throughout large parts of southern and eastern Africa. In South Africa it has invaded areas in KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, the North West Province and Limpopo. A biological control programme against parthenium weed was launched in South Africa in 2003, based on the success achieved in Australia. -
Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Australia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Region, with Comments on Phylogenetic Relationships and Antipredator Adaptations
Systematic Entomology (2004) 29, 101–114 First descriptions of Coelometopini pupae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Australia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific region, with comments on phylogenetic relationships and antipredator adaptations PATRICE BOUCHARD1,2 andWARREN E. STEINER Jr3 1Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Que´bec, Canada and 3Department of Systematic Biology – Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, U.S.A. Abstract. The pupal stage of ten Coelometopini species occurring in Australia, New Guinea, Southeast Asia and the Pacific region are described and a key for their identification is provided. The species are Chrysopeplus expolitus Broun, Derosphaerus hirtipes Kaszab, Hypaulax crenata (Boisduval), Leprocaulus borneensis Kaszab, Metisopus purpureipennis Bates, Promethis carteri Kaszab, P. nigra (Blessig), P. quadraticollis (Gebien), P. quadricollis Pascoe and P. sulcigera (Boisduval). The gin trap structures of D. hirtipes and P. quadraticollis are described in detail using scanning electron micrographs. A summary of anti- predator structures of all known Coelometopini pupae is given. The phylogenetic value of pupal characters is assessed at intra- and intergeneric levels within the tribe. Introduction tribe Coelometopini (Tenebrionidae: Coelometopinae) to address this question. The evolution of a pupal stage in the life history of holo- metabolous insects has been of great importance for the success of insects. This critical transformation stage has Antipredator adaptations in insect pupae enabled members of Holometabola to dissociate the larval and adult stages and, as a consequence, promoted the Hinton (1955) identified two main types of antipredator exploitation of a wide variety of environments. Although device in pupae of holometabolous insects: passive and most insect pupae are immotile, a small number of clades nonpassive. -
SOP) for INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP) for INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) Version: 01; June, 2014 Dr. S. N. Sushil Plant Protection Advisor Dte. of PPQ&S, Faridabad June 5, 2014 Ram Asre Addl. PPA (IPM) Dte. of PPQ&S, Faridabad List of Contributors Technical guidance and Supervision: Dr. S. N. Sushil, Plant Protection Adviser & Ram Asre, Addl. Plant Protection Adviser (IPM) Sl. Chapter Contributors No. (1) Dr. V.K. Srivastava, JD (PP), HQ, Faridabad; Group Leader Standardization of FFS Curriculum, HRD; (2) Dr. Jasveer Singh, DD (E), HQ, Faridabad Orientation Training (2 1. (3) Sh. R. Murali, DD (E), HQ, Faridabad days), Refresher Training (5 days) and SLTP (long (4) Dr. G.P. Singh, AD (E), CIPMC, Gorakhpur duration) (5) Sh. Yogesh Kunwar, PPO (WS), HQ, Faridabad Conservation & (1) Sh. Ram Asre, APPA (IPM), HQ, Faridabad 2. A ugmentation of Bio- (2) Dr. C. S. Patni, PPO (PP), CIPMC, Faridabad control agents (1) Dr. K.S. Kapoor, DD (E); Co-ordinator, HQ, Faridabad Pests Surveillance & 3. Monitoring (2) Sh. P.K. Ghosh, AD (E), CIPMC, Kolkata (1) Dr. Shbhas Kumar, DD (WS), HQ, Faridabad Weed ecology and 4. (2) Sh. Arunabha Chakraborty, PPO (E), HQ, Faridabad Management (3) Sh. Yogesh Kunwar, PPO (WS), HQ, Faridabad (1) Dr. M. S. Akhtar, AD (E), CIPMC, Faridabad Member Secretary Laboratory Manual for 5. M ass Rearing of Bio- (2) Dr. Umesh Kumar, PPO (PP), CIPMC, Lucknow control agents (3) Dr. Navendu Nair, PPO (E), CIPMC, Agartala 6. C ompiled by (1) Dr. M. S. Akhtar, AD (E), CIPMC, Faridabad Member Secretary 7. Design & Layout (1) Sh. -
Insect Diversity on Clearcuts in Boreal Forest Landscapes
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Epsilon Open Archive Insect Diversity on Clearcuts in Boreal Forest Landscapes Diana Rubene Faculty of Forest Sciences Department of Ecology Uppsala Doctoral Thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 2014 Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae 2014:50 Cover: Boreal forest with clearcuts and retention trees in Dalarna (photo: D. Rubene) ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN (print version) 978-91-576-8048-8 ISBN (electronic version) 978-91-576-8049-5 © 2014 Diana Rubene, Uppsala Print: SLU Service/Repro, Uppsala 20114 Insect diversity on clearcuts in boreal forest landscapes Abstract Intensive management and loss of natural disturbance dynamics in boreal forests leads to habitat loss and degradation for forest dwelling species. As a consequence, many species have become threatened, especially those dependent on dead wood. Integration of conservation in forest management is therefore essential for protecting boreal forest species diversity. To optimise conservation efforts, we need to understand species habitat requirements and diversity patterns in managed forests. This thesis aims to increase our understanding of insect species diversity patterns on clearcuts in boreal forest landscapes. I have surveyed beetles, bees and wasps on clearcuts in two boreal forest regions in Sweden and assessed the importance of clearcut properties and composition of surrounding landscape for species occurrence and diversity. Locally, amount of dead wood was positively associated with high species richness and individual species occurrence of certain wood-dependent beetles. Bee and wasp species richness increased with high local flower richness and clearcut size. Landscape composition was at least as important as local habitat characteristics for shaping diversity patterns. -
53 Rolling, Trying to Grab on with My Spike Claws
AN APPLE PAPERBACK SCHOLASTIC INC. New York Toronto London Auckland Sydney Mexico City New Delhi Hong Kong For Scott Bremner And for Michael and Jake <They're going after the elementary school,> Tobias said. <They're going after everything,> I answered. <Why are they doing this? It makes no sense,> Tobias said. <It's not just brutal; it's stu- pid. Pointless destruction.> The nearest Bug fighter swooped low and slow. It fired its Dracon beams and the two-story gym exploded into charred stucco and twisted steel beams. It drifted almost casually above the tired old low-slung classrooms and fired again, dragging the beam end-to-end along the buildings. <They're sending a message,> I said. <Mess with us and this is what we do.> 1 We had destroyed the Yeerk pool. The Yeerk More Bug fighters than I'd ever seen in one pool was now the world's biggest sinkhole. It place. Maybe fifty of the things. They blasted looked like a crater. It was a crater, with half the schools; they blasted businesses; they blasted mall in ruins on one slope, jumbled bits of homes and churches. The shock waves would fast-food restaurants, streetlights, ripped up reach us, echoes of destruction. Pillars of smoke concrete, cars, skinny trees, all tumbled rose high in the air. Fires, some blazing and roar- together at the bottom. The water of the Yeerk ing, others smoldering sullenly, created thermal pool, looking like molten lead, soaked up updrafts that were bread and butter to three through the dirt. -
Where Do the Bugs Go in Winter? by Matt Bowser
Refuge Notebook • Vol. 7, No. 2 • January 14, 2005 Where do the Bugs go in winter? by Matt Bowser As you enjoy the warmth of your home this Jan- ter. As the nights become cooler, their bodies increase uary and the apparent absence of mosquitoes, have the concentrations of solutes in their body fluids, in- you ever wondered what the bugs are up to or how creasing their resistance to freezing. Under an insu- they are getting along out there in the cold? Theylack lating layer of snow, where temperatures are warmer the ability to make warm shelter as we do, and they and much more stable than the air temperatures yel- are much too small to generate much heat and hold it low jackets can endure winter temperatures down to in as birds and mammals do. Insects and other cold- about 3º F before they freeze. Birch bugs, spruce bark blooded, minute animals make it through the long, beetles, and many other insects supercool similarly. If cold winter in either of two ways: avoidance of cold temperatures continue to drop, though, these super- or physiological adaptations to cope with the cold. cooling critters will freeze and die. This is why ex- Some invertebrates are able to find warm places to tremely cold winters, especially when there is little spend the winter, such as streams, mammal nests and snow cover, may significantly reduce some insect pop- human houses. Most aquatic insects avoid freezing by ulations. spending the winter in water bodies where only the Some of the hardiest insects can actually withstand surface freezes. -
2019 Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab Annual Report
2019 Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab Annual Report (2018-2019) Center for International Research, Education, and Development Outreach and International Affairs | Virginia Tech 526 Prices Fork Road | Blacksburg, VA 24061 | ipmil.cired.vt.edu | [email protected] | 540-231-3516 Funded by the United States Agency for International Development under Cooperative Agreement No. AID- OAA-L-15-00001. 1 WHO WE ARE Management Entity R. Muniappan Director Amer Fayad Associate Director Zara Shortt Financial Coordinator Sara Hendery Communications Coordinator USAID John Bowman AOR, IPM IL Technical Advisory Committee Lawrence Datnoff - Chair Louisiana State University Dely Gapasin World Bank (Retired) Glen Hartman USDA-ARS Srinivasan Ramasamy AVRDC/World Vegetable Center Sunday Ekasi icipe 2 WHERE WE WORK PROGRAM PARTNERS U.S. Partners Cornell University, Louisiana State University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of California – Davis, Virginia State University, Virginia Tech, Washington State University, University of Virginia, North Carolina State University. U.S. Governmental Agencies USAID, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). International Agricultural Research Centers French National Institute for Agricultural Research, French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), International Crops -
Responses of Invertebrates to Temperature and Water Stress A
Author's Accepted Manuscript Responses of invertebrates to temperature and water stress: A polar perspective M.J. Everatt, P. Convey, J.S. Bale, M.R. Worland, S.A.L. Hayward www.elsevier.com/locate/jtherbio PII: S0306-4565(14)00071-0 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.05.004 Reference: TB1522 To appear in: Journal of Thermal Biology Received date: 21 August 2013 Revised date: 22 January 2014 Accepted date: 22 January 2014 Cite this article as: M.J. Everatt, P. Convey, J.S. Bale, M.R. Worland, S.A.L. Hayward, Responses of invertebrates to temperature and water stress: A polar perspective, Journal of Thermal Biology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jther- bio.2014.05.004 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1 Responses of invertebrates to temperature and water 2 stress: A polar perspective 3 M. J. Everatta, P. Conveyb, c, d, J. S. Balea, M. R. Worlandb and S. A. L. 4 Haywarda* a 5 School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK b 6 British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, 7 Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK 8 cNational Antarctic Research Center, IPS Building, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, 9 Malaysia 10 dGateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand 11 12 *Corresponding author. -
Reading for Life and Adolescent Re-Arrest: Evaluating a Unique Juvenile Diversion Program
Reading For Life and Adolescent Re-Arrest: Evaluating a Unique Juvenile Diversion Program A. D. Seroczynski (Center for Children and Families, University of Notre Dame) William N. Evans (Wilson Sheehan Lab for Economic Opportunities, University of Notre Dame and NBER) Amy D. Jobst (Reading for Life, Inc.) Luke Horvath (Wilson Sheehan Lab for Economic Opportunities, University of Notre Dame) Giuliana Carozza (Wilson Sheehan Lab for Economic Opportunities, University of Notre Dame) July 15, 2015 Abstract We present results of an evaluation of Reading for Life (RFL), a diversion program for non-violent juvenile offenders in a medium-sized Midwestern county. The unique program uses philosophical virtue theory, works of literature, and small mentoring groups to foster moral development in juvenile offenders. Participants were randomly assigned to RFL treatment or a comparison program of community service. The RFL program generated large and statistically significant drops in future arrests. The program was particularly successful at reducing the recidivism of more serious offenses for those groups with the highest propensity for future offenses. Acknowledgements: This research was supported by grants from the Templeton Foundation and the University of Chicago’s Arête Initiative, the Florence V. Carroll Charitable Trust, the Stanley A. and Flora P. Clark Memorial Community Trust Foundation, the Muessel-Ellison Memorial Trust Foundation, the John, Anna and Martha Jane Fields Trust Foundation, the Wilson Sheehan Lab for Economic Opportunities, and the Fellow Irish Social Hub. The authors would like to thank the staff of the St. Joseph County Juvenile Justice Center’s Probation Department for their support of this project. Specifically, we would like to acknowledge the assistance of Bill Bruinsma, Ph.D., former Director, Thomas N. -
NATURAL DISASTERS: Protecting the Public's Health
Scientific Publication No. 575 NATURAL DISASTERS Protecting the Public’s Health Pan American Health Organization NATURAL DISASTERS: Protecting the Public’s Health Scientific Publication No. 575 Pan American Health Organization Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization 525 Twenty-third Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037, USA ii NATURAL DISASTERS: Protecting the Public’s Health Also published in Spanish with the title: Los desastres naturales y la protección de la salud ISBN 92 75 31575 2 PAHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Pan American Health Organization Natural disasters: Protecting the public’s health. Washington, D.C. : PAHO, ©2000. xi, 119 p.—(Scientific Publication, 575) ISBN 92 75 11575 3 I. Title II. (Series) 1. NATURAL DISASTERS 2. HEALTH EFFECT OF DISASTERS 3. DISASTERS PLANNING — organization and administration 4. EMERGENCIES IN DISASTERS — organization and administration 5. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION NLM HV553 The Pan American Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Applications and inquiries should be addressed to the Publications Program, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., which will be glad to provide the latest information on any changes made to the text, plans for new editions, and reprints and translations already available. ©Pan American Health Organization, 2000 Publications of the Pan American Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in ac- cordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights are reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Pan American Health Organization concerning the status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.