DOCSLIB.ORG

Springs and Spouts of Malvern's Middle Hills

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Springs and Spouts of Malvern's Middle Hills variations in rainfall and improve the reliability of any spring. spring. any of reliability the improve and rainfall in variations Wynds Point (Grid Reference: SO7636, 4040) Earnslaw Quarry (Grid Reference: SO7705, 4452) short-term out smooth lags time Longer spring. each for outflow and there will be differing time lags between water input into the aquifer aquifer the into input water between lags time differing be will there Contact: 01684 892002 or [email protected] or 892002 01684 Contact: The water for this Also known as the factors these in variability large the Given outflow. spring the of point now dry spout ‘Hidden Lake’, the the and rock the enters water the where point the between height in enjoyment of the public. the of enjoyment originated from quarry name refers to difference the on and fractures the of size the on dependent is fractures this with the need to keep the common as open space for the the for space open as common the keep to need the with this a spring in the the name of a house and fissures the through flow water of speed The outflow. spring commons for the conservation of land and wildlife, whilst balancing balancing whilst wildlife, and land of conservation the for commons grounds of Wynds that stood nearby, and any at later appear to aquifer the into down permeates eventually Malvern Hills Acts 1884-1995 with protecting the Malvern Hills and and Hills Malvern the protecting with 1884-1995 Acts Hills Malvern Point, the private Hidden Lake describes which water of volume the controls intensity, and timing its critically Malvern Hills Conservators are the public body charged under the the under charged body public the are Conservators Hills Malvern The house behind what’s there. After more and fallen, has that rain of amount total The surface. aquifer the railings. The the reservoir at British the on falls that rain the is water spring all of source ultimate The spout is set in a Camp, this is the Malvern Hills Conservators (MHC) Conservators Hills Malvern stone pillar with second largest body of mudstones. a plaque stating water on the hills and and marls the of tops the overflow and rise then springs the of “Pure Drinking floods the base of the majority The sides. the to outflow its prevent rocks impervious the Consider other people other Consider Water” which is old quarry with spring and rock granite Malvernian the of fractures and fissures the in held is Keep dogs under close control control close under dogs Keep set between the water. The quarry can water ground The Malverns. the of flanks eastern the on marlstones Protect plants and animals and take your litter home home litter your take and animals and plants Protect railings. It is be approached by an Keuper and west the to mudstones sedimentary Silurian resistant) Leave gates and property as you find them them find you as property and gates Leave located on the roadside opposite British Camp car park (take easy access trail put in by the Malvern Hills Conservators. (water- impervious with aquifers the up makes itself rock Malvernian Be safe, plan ahead and follow any signs signs any follow and ahead plan safe, Be care crossing the busy road). Wynds Point was once owned by Pre-Cambrian fractured and brittle the Hills, Malvern the of case the the ‘Swedish Nightingale’ – the famous opera singer Jenny Lind; In aquifer. an of out groundwater of point overflow the is spring A it now belongs to the Cadbury family. Gothick Well (Grid Reference: SO7727, 4320) Code Countryside On Wells Road below Hanley Terrace system water spring show to Beacon Worcestershire through Section Evendine Spout (Grid Reference: SO7664, 4099) this privately owned source has drinking. before boiled be should Bunter The Malvern Hills District Council (MHDC) advises that all spring water water spring all that advises (MHDC) Council District Hills Malvern The a unique neo-Gothic, Victorian Sandstone Keuper Lower Pre-Cambrian Granite Pre-Cambrian The spout consists of a low-lying castellated façade comprising a Rhaetic & Marl Keuper Drinking Malvern Water Malvern Drinking trough with running water; a popular door flanked by two windows in level sea spout for collecting water. The water front of an underground, vaulted Severn River flows from what was probably an old well-chamber. The wooden door is layers Silurian streams welcomes new members. new welcomes quarry called The Dell on the East still there, still with its ornamental aquifer fractures & fissures filled with water with filled fissures & fractures of Jubilee Drive and passes under iron hinges and handle though its Association The www.malvernspa.org.uk. visit heritage water impermeable walls impermeable impermeable walls impermeable the road, before reaching the spout. base is now below pavement level. Malvern’s of aspect any or this in interested are you If year. each May springs springs Other springs on the hills produce a Approximately four feet behind this early in Event Dressing Well annual the organises Association The water that contains ‘nothing at all’ door is a substantial brick wall with fissures & fractures down flows water in terms of minerals, because of the an opening on the right leading to a Town”. Spa a as Malvern Great of rain hard rock which they flow through. vaulted brick chamber about thirty and sources water these of awareness and development conservation, Fountains and Wells of the Malvern Hills”, and “to promote the study, study, the promote “to and Hills”, Malvern the of Wells and Fountains EAST At Evendine the water flows though feet long, nine feet wide and six WEST soft limestone that makes the water feet high, with a well at the very Spouts, Springs, the restore and protect conserve, to community the taste much sweeter. This spring may back of the space that originally with work “to 1998 in founded was (MSA) Association Spa Malvern The be of considerable antiquity because supplied 30,000 gallons of water Malvern Spa Association Spa Malvern the word Evendine is derived from daily. During the 2nd World War it’s from comes water the Where the celtic afon meaning river and din thought the chamber was used as an meaning fort, a possible reference to air raid shelter. There is no public access to this. the nearby British Camp. Jubilee Fountain (Grid Reference: SO7733, 4233) Information about the walk Lower Wyche Booster (Grid Reference: SO7720, 4423) and Starting Point: Gardiner’s Quarry, off Jubilee Drive (B4232) Filters (Grid Reference: SO7731, 4463) This drinking fountain is in the form of an ornate stone monument Distance of Main (Blue) Walk: 7km (41/2 miles) The lower Wyche containing a fountain and dog’s Booster Station is trough. The fountain was made for Map Reference: OS Explorer 190, Land Ranger 150 a Malvern stone Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee and building dated the water was piped from a reservoir Terrain: Mixed, some loose stone surfaces and steep paths. 1896. It is fed above Holy Well. Erected in 1887, by water from the ownership was transferred Refreshments on the Route: Kettle Sings (by Gardiner’s Quarry), the Filter Station illegally that year from St Peter’s Chase Inn (Chase Road), Wyche Inn (Wyche Cutting), Bhan Thai (by Jubilee Fountain), British Camp Hotel and Kiosk (British Camp) along the road and Church to the Urban District Council. The main pipe behind the War pumps it up to a Facilities/ Toilets: There are public toilets at the Wyche Cutting and reservoir above the Memorial fed the houses in Grundy British Camp. Wyche Cutting to Lane, and local hotels. In 2008, the provide water to Malverns Heritage Project with the the houses high on help of Severn Trent Water, restored Car Parking: Malvern Hills Conservators car parks are all around the hills. the hills. The Filter the structure and reconnected There is a charge for parking in them that goes towards the conservation of Station originally the Fountain to the spring water the hills. filtered Malvern water from the spring water collector pipe main that runs beneath the main that runs along the Wells road below, and then fed it into the road before discharging into the British Camp Reservoir ( ). The Acknowledgments: The Malvern Spa Association is immensely grateful to reservoir alongside the building. The supply of Malvern water Fountain is now in the care of Malvern Wells Parish Council. the Heritage Lottery Fund for funding the Malverns Heritage Project- Springs Restoration, including this guide and particularly to Emma Hiller at the AONB proved unreliable, so now the supply comes from a bore hole unit, for all her hard work in walking the routes and compiling the information. at Bromesberrow. The masts on the filter building signal the British Camp Reservoir (Grid Reference: SO7644, 3991) We would also like to thank the Malvern Hills Conservators whose unstinting fullness of the reservoir to the pumps at Bromesberrow which support for the project has made the restoration of these spouts possible automatically top it up. and who keep in trust many of the spouts on this trail, in addition to the hills A picturesque reservoir opened in 1892 by the Duchess of Teck, and commons. We are also grateful to Brian Iles for providing many of the Springs and Spouts of later to be George V’s consort. It contains Malvern water fed by a illustrations. Lastly a huge thank you to the owners of other spouts in the Lower Wyche (Grid Reference: SO7725, 4423) 15 inch spring water collector main that runs the length of the hills Malvern area for their co-operation in ensuring they are protected for the future.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • North Malvern Road - Guide Price £330,000
    A BEAUTIFULLY PRESENTED CHARACTER PROPERTY IN AN ELEVATED LOCATION CLOSE TO THE MALVERN HILLS AND BENEFITING FROM VIEWS ACROSS THE SEVERN VALLEY, THREE BEDROOMS, PRIVATE COURTYARD GARDEN AND OFF ROAD PARKING. EPC ''E'' North Malvern Road - Guide Price £330,000 12 North Malvern Road, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 4LT 3 2 2 12 North Malvern Road Location & Description Situated in a superb and most convenient location within walking distance access to the Malvern Hills and the historic Victorian town of Great Malvern which offers a range of amenities including well known shops as well as an extensive range of independent retailers, eateries, restaurants, take aways, community facilities as well as the renowned Malvern Theatre with concert hall and cinema. Further and more extensive amenities are available on the retail park in Townsend Way or in the city of Worcester. Transport communications are excellent with a mainline railway station in Malvern Link and Great Malvern offering direct links to Worcester, Birmingham, London, Hereford and South Wales. A regular bus route runs down the Worcester Road connecting the neighbouring areas. Junction 7 of the M5 motorway is positioned just outside Worcester bringing The Midlands, South West and South Wales into an easy commute. Educational facilities are well catered for at primary and secondary levels in both the public and private sectors. Property Description 12 North Malvern Road is a well presented character property situated in an elevated position making the most of the fantastic views across the Severn Valley. The property has been well looked after by the current owners. This three bedroomed property benefits from a tarmacked off road parking space, gas central heating and double glazing.
    [Show full text]
  • HANLEY MATTERS No
    Issue HANLEY MATTERS No. 24 the newsletter of The Hanleys’ Village Society Winter 2011 OFFICERS HOLYWELL SPRING WATER President Nick Lechmere Tel: 07771 644927 Thanks to the hard and ancient rocks of the Malvern Hills, "Malvern water Chairman is famous for containing just nothing at all...!" So said Dr John Wall in Jenny McGowran Tel: 311820 1747 after finding that it contained very few minerals. And the oldest of the spring waters to be exploited is Holy Well, dating back to 1558 when Treasurer John Boardman John Hornyold of Blackmore Park bought the lordship of the manor of Tel: 311748 Hanley Castle from the crown and with it the rights to the spring. A Secretary & Newsletter condition was that he allowed pilgrims to stop and refresh themselves at Editor Malcolm Fare the well on their way to Wales. Even today, there are two rooms at the Tel: 311197 well, one for rest and the other for refreshment as people come to drink Programme Secretary the water. David Thomas Tel: 310437 The present owner, Mike Humm, gave members an amusing account of his battles with planners, builders and environment authorities as he FORTHCOMING and his wife Marian bought the well in 1999 and then decided to restore ACTIVITIES it. They found the remains of a bottling plant with thousands of 2-litre 25 March 2011 plastic bottles dating from 1977, when John and Thelma Parkes briefly Talk by Brian Jauncey reopened the well after their own 7-year restoration programme, having on the history of bought the business from Cuff & Co.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Brighton Villas, Colwall, Nr Malvern, Worcestershire
    2 Brighton Villas, Colwall, Nr Malvern, Worcestershire Courtyard Imposing semi-detached Victorian townhouse, situated in a desirable village location Garden LOCATION Malvern 3 miles, Ledbury 5 miles, Worcester 10 miles, Hereford 18½ miles, Gloucester 20 miles, Cheltenham 32 miles, Birmingham 40 miles Road: M50 (Jct 2) 9 miles, M5 (Jct 8) 21 miles Railway: Colwall, Ledbury, Malvern Airport: Birmingham (47 miles), Bristol (55 miles) SUMMARY OF FEATURES: • Substantial Victorian townhouse offering spacious accommodation • 5 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms, situated over two floors • 2 reception rooms, fitted kitchen, utility/storage room • Pocket garden to the front and courtyard garden to rear of property • Off road parking space SITUATION The property is situated in the desirable village of Colwall on the western side of the Malvern Hills, which are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. This impressive property is well- situated in an area that offers a sought-after rural quality of life, yet is within easy reach of Malvern and the market town of Ledbury. The area benefits from good road and mainline rail links to the rest of the country. 2 BRIGHTON VILLAS • This period property has great potential either as an investment or to create a wonderful home. • This property previously had commercial use as a shop/office, this could potentially be reinstated for business use (subject to the necessary consents). • Retains original features including sash windows, an original fireplace and decorative quarry-tiled flooring in the entrance hallway. • The spacious, open-plan sitting/dining room features a working fireplace. • The property does require some modernisation but provides great opportunity.
    [Show full text]
  • Choice Plus:Layout 1 5/1/10 10:26 Page 3 Home HOME Choice CHOICE .ORG.UK Plus PLUS
    home choice plus:Layout 1 5/1/10 10:26 Page 3 Home HOME Choice CHOICE .ORG.UK Plus PLUS ‘Working in partnership to offer choice from a range of housing options for people in housing need’ home choice plus:Layout 1 5/1/10 10:26 Page 4 The Home Choice Plus process The Home Choice Plus process 2 What is a ‘bid’? 8 Registering with Home Choice plus 3 How do I bid? 9 How does the banding system work? 4 How will I know if I am successful? 10 How do I find available properties? 7 Contacts 11 What is Home Choice Plus? Home Choice Plus has been designed to improve access to affordable housing. The advantage is that you only register once and the scheme allows you to view and bid on available properties for which you are eligible across all of the districts. Home Choice Plus has been developed by a number of Local Authorities and Housing Associations working in partnership. Home Choice Plus is a way of allocating housing and advertising other housing options across the participating Local Authority areas. (Home Choice Plus will also be used for advertising other housing options such as private rents and intermediate rents). This booklet explains how to look for housing across all of the Districts involved in this scheme. Please see website for further information. Who is eligible to join the Home Choice Plus register? • Some people travelling to the United Kingdom are not entitled to Housing Association accommodation on the basis of their immigration status. • You may be excluded if you have a history of serious rent arrears or anti social behaviour.
    [Show full text]
  • GOING with the FLOW; How Colwall Stream Reaches the River by Rebecca Roseff
    GOING WITH THE FLOW; How Colwall Stream Reaches The River by Rebecca Roseff Running along the edge of our garden in Colwall is a small stream, which though low in summer never actually runs dry. This is surprising as its source, a marshy area on the west side of the Malverns, is hardly half a mile away, you wouldn’t think there would be enough rain in that small amount of ground to keep it going throughout the year, but there is. I have always been intrigued by this stream because it takes what seems to me a contrary route. Rejecting the direction of all other streams in Herefordshire that go south, towards the Wye, this stream takes the opposite direction; north and into Worcestershire. To do this it has to make its way across the low lying area between Colwall and Mathon that geologists say had once been a glacial lake and then somehow find a gap through the steep hills around Suckley. Once past these its way is clear and it continues east along lower ground to the Teme five miles west of Worcester. I promised myself I would walk its whole distance one day, to see what fields and woods it passed, what mills it had powered and houses serviced along its 15 mile course to the end. So one fine May morning I set out with my walking companion, equipped with water and sandwiches, to follow its route. We left the house just after eight allowing ourselves a whole day to complete the task. I had calculated we could do it, there were footpaths all the way that followed, crossed and re-crossed our stream and, if we timed it right, we could catch the 417 bus back to Ledbury and from there the train home to Colwall.
    [Show full text]
  • WORCESTERSHIRE. [Kelly's
    150 LITTLE MALVERN. WORCESTERSHIRE. [KELLy's window retains some glass of the time of Edward IV. : there buildings are incorporated in the mansion. The soil~ are 150 sittings. The register dates from the year 1691. The loamy; subsoil, gravel. The chief crops are wheat, barley living is a vicarage, net yearly value £4o, including 10 acres and pasture. The area is 735 acres ; rateable value, £r,o27 . of glebe, in the gift of Lady Henry Somerset, and held since the population in 1891 was 104. ' 1878 by the Rev. Frederick Peel M.A. of Oriel College, Ox· Parish Clerk, John Coldr1Ck. ford, who resides at Barassie house, Malvern Link. The LETTER Box cleared at 8. 30 a.m. & 6. 45 p.m. Letters Catholic church of St. Wulstan, erected and openedin 1862, through Malvern Wells, which is thenearest money order is an edifice of stone in the Gothic style, consisting at present & telegraph office, arrive at 8 a. m of nave and baptistry, and has about 200 sittings; there are attached schools. Little Malvern Court is the seat of Charles Catholic School (mixed), erected in I864, for so children; Michael Berington esq. D.L., J.P. ·who is lord of the manor average attendance, 40; Mrs. Jennings, mistress and principal landowner; some portions of the monastic The Protestant children attend the schools at Malvern Wells Berington Charles Michael D.L., J.P. BullockThos.frmr.Lit.Malvern grounds 1 Gough George, farm bailiff to Charles Little Malvern court Gill Michael, rate collector & assistant Mic)lael Berington esq Moody Robert Sadleir, The Farm overseer, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Worcestershire Has Fluctuated in Size Over the Centuries
    HUMAN GENETICS IN WORCESTERSHIRE AND THE SHAKESPEARE COUNTRY I. MORGAN WATKIN County Health Department, Abet ystwyth Received7.x.66 1.INTRODUCTION THEwestern limits of Worcestershire lie about thirty miles to the east of Offa's Dyke—the traditional boundary between England and Wales —yet Evesham in the south-eastern part of the county is described by its abbot in a petition to Thomas Cromwell in as situated within the Principality of Wales. The Star Chamber Proceedings (No. 4) in the reign of Henry VII refer to the bridge of stone at Worcester by which the king's subjects crossed from England into Wales and the demonstrations against the Act of 1430 regulating navigation along the Severn were supported by large numbers of Welshmen living on the right bank of the river in Worcestershire. The object of the investigation is to ascertain whether significant genetic differences exist in the population of Worcestershire and south-western Warwickshire and, in particular, whether the people living west of the Severn are more akin to the Welsh than to the English. The possibility of determining, on genetic grounds, whether the Anglo- Saxon penetration was strongest from the south up the rivers Severn and Avon, or across the watershed from the Trent in the north, or from the east through Oxfordshire and Warwickshire is also explored. 2. THECOUNTY Worcestershirehas fluctuated in size over the centuries and Stratford-on-Avon came for a period under its jurisdiction while Shipston-on-Stour, now a Warwickshire township, remained in one of the detached portions of Worcestershire until the turn of the present century.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Panel Minutes of the Meeting Held on 6 March 2019
    Wildlife Panel Minutes of the meeting held on 6 March 2019 In attendance: Johnny Birks, Ann Bowker, Peter Garner, Nigel Hand, Charlie Long, Mel Mason, Pete Watson, Duncan Westbury, Helen Woodman + Andy Pearce, Simon Roberts, Jonathan Bills 1. Appointment of Chair. Jonathan Bills welcomed all to the meeting. Pete Watson was elected as chair for 2019. 2. Apologies were received from: Alison Uren, Peter Holmes, John Michael, Helen Stace, Katey Stephen. 3. Matters arising from the previous meeting: Woodland works — JBiIIs stated how useful last year’s outdoor meeting had been hearing the Panel’s thoughts on woodland management that would be of benefit to currently unmanaged foothill woods. This advice has subsequently been incorporated into Malvern Hills Trust’s (MHT) Countryside Stewardship agreement and work is unden/vay. New panel members — at the last meeting it was agreed that, following the loss of several panel members, we should recruit more members, especially a person with knowledge on invertebrates. Three people have been invited to join — Charlie Long, V\fi|| Watson and Richard Comont. Richard and Charlie have agreed to join and no reply has been received from V\fi||. ACTION — JBiIIs to provide info to new members and add them to the email list. 4. Verbal report of last year’s two outdoor meetings was given by Peter Garner. Peter summarised the visits to Central Hi||s woodlands and a glow- worm search and felt they were most interesting and worthwhile. 5. Reports and recommendations from the Panel. Reports on the various taxa and related projects were given by Panel members.
    [Show full text]
  • Lime Kilns in Worcestershire
    Lime Kilns in Worcestershire Nils Wilkes Acknowledgements I first began this project in September 2012 having noticed a number of limekilns annotated on the Ordnance Survey County Series First Edition maps whilst carrying out another project for the Historic Environment Record department (HER). That there had been limekilns right across Worcestershire was not something I was aware of, particularly as the county is not regarded to be a limestone region. When I came to look for books or documents relating specifically to limeburning in Worcestershire, there were none, and this intrigued me. So, in short, this document is the result of my endeavours to gather together both documentary and physical evidence of a long forgotten industry in Worcestershire. In the course of this research I have received the help of many kind people. Firstly I wish to thank staff at the Historic Environmental Record department of the Archive and Archaeological Service for their patience and assistance in helping me develop the Limekiln Database, in particular Emma Hancox, Maggi Noke and Olly Russell. I am extremely grateful to Francesca Llewellyn for her information on Stourport and Astley; Simon Wilkinson for notes on Upton-upon-Severn; Gordon Sawyer for his enthusiasm in locating sites in Strensham; David Viner (Canal and Rivers Trust) in accessing records at Ellesmere Port; Bill Lambert (Worcester and Birmingham Canal Trust) for involving me with the Tardebigge Limekilns Project; Pat Hughes for her knowledge of the lime trade in Worcester and Valerie Goodbury
    [Show full text]
  • £785 Pcm Apartment 6, Crystal Mount, Albert Road North, Malvern
    Apartment 6, Crystal Mount, Albert Road North, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3AA LUXURY MODERN APARTMENT IN A PRESTIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT in walking distance to Great Malvern. Open plan Living Room/ Kitchen, Two bedrooms with built in wardrobes and views towards the Malvern Hills, (Master Bedroom with ensuite Shower Room), further Bathroom, Secure on site parking. www.platinum-property.co.uk £785 pcm PLATINUM PROPERTY AGENTS , Malvern, WR14 1AA T: 01684 898800 F: 01684 568645 Email: [email protected] Property Location Great Malvern offers a wide variety of national shops, public library, swimming pool, an array of independent and state schools, cottage hospital and access to the leisure facilities of the Malvern Hills. Barnards Green is situated just half a mile from Great Malvern benefits from its own shops and amenities to include bus stops, nursing home, veterinary surgery, Somerfield supermarket, hairdressers, delicatessens, butchers, gift shops and a selection of takeaway restaurants. Directions: From our office in Malvern Link turn right onto the Worcester Road heading towards Great Malvern and take the fourth turning on your left at the traffic lights onto Graham Road. Follow this road to the end, at the traffic lights turn left onto Church Street. Then take the third turning on your right onto Albert Road North where you will see Crystal Mount at the end of the road on your right. Property Details LUXURY MODERN APARTMENT IN A PRESTIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT in walking distance to Great Malvern. Open plan Living Room/ Kitchen, Two bedrooms with built in wardrobes and views towards the Malvern Hills, (Master Bedroom with ensuite Shower Room), further Bathroom, Secure on site parking.
    [Show full text]
  • Visit the Malverns Guide
    visit the malverns guide AmAzing Views | stunning scenery incredible wAlks | FAmily Fun HeritAge & gArdens | Historic towns FestiVAls & eVents | locAl Food & drink malvern, tenbury wells and upton upon severn visitthemalverns.org great malvern witley court & gardens burford House garden centre malvern museum of local History Fall in love with the malverns. start planning your visit with this handy guide – full of inspiration for what to see and do across the malverns. explore tenbury Wells and the teme valley in the north; the Malvern Hills and the hillside town of Malvern, and the picturesque riverside town of upton upon severn in the south of the region. the Malverns has so much to offer, you’ll want to return again and again to discover it all! Find out more about things to see and do, attractions, walking and cycling routes, festivals and events, as well as places to stay, plus much, much more on our website visitthemalverns.org malvern theatres morgan motor company venue in the world at shelsley walsh entertainment hiGhliGhts & experiences Hill climb, head to upton marina the ‘pièce de résistance’ is the to hire a boat at your own leisure iconic malvern theatres in great views with the ‘wow’ Factor malvern station. or enjoy the thrill of the land rover malvern, which is on the west end experience at eastnor castle. stand atop the malvern Hills and circuit with historic connections if you enjoy exploring off the to george bernard shaw and marvel at the stunning views beaten track, this delightful part the niGht sky across the deep severn Valley sir edward elgar.
    [Show full text]
  • HEREFORDSHIRE Is Repeatedly Referred to in Domesday As Lying In
    ABO BLOOD GROUPS, HUMAN HISTORY AND LANGUAGE IN HEREFORDSHIRE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE LOW B FREQUENCY IN EUROPE I. MORGAN WATKIN County Health Department, Aberystwyth Received6.x.64 1.INTRODUCTION HEREFORDSHIREis repeatedly referred to in Domesday as lying in Wales and the county is regularly described as such in the Pipe Rolls until 1249-50. Of the two dozen or so charters granted to the county town, a number are addressed to the citizens of Hereford in Wales. That fluency in Welsh was until 1855oneof the qualifications for the post of clerk to the Hereford city magistrates indicated the county's bilingual nature. The object of the present investigation is to ascertain whether there is any significant genetic difference between the part of Herefordshire conquered by the Anglo-Saxons and the area called "Welsh Hereford- shire ".Assome moorland parishes have lost 50 per cent. of their inhabitants during the last 50 years, the need to carry out the survey is the more pressing. 2.THE HUMAN HISTORY OF HEREFORDSHIRE Pre-Norman Conquest Offa'sgeneral line of demarcation between England and Wales in the eighth century extending in Herefordshire from near Lyonshall to Bridge Sollars, about five miles upstream from Hereford, is inter- mittent in the well-wooded lowlands, being only found in the Saxon clearings. From this Fox (i) infers that the intervening forest with its dense thickets of thorn and bramble filling the space under the tree canopy was an impassable barrier. Downstream to Redbrook (Glos.) the river was probably the boundary but the ferry crossing from Beachley to Aust and the tidal navigational rights up the Wye were retained by the Welsh—facts which suggest that the Dyke was in the nature of an agreed frontier.
    [Show full text]