ArcHeritage
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter Heritage Statement
Report 2020/30 version 2 ArcHeritage 2020 Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley, Derbyshire:
Heritage Statement
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Key Project Information
Project name Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Report status Final ArcHeritage Project No. 2466 Type of Project Heritage Statement Client Peak District National Park NGR SK 24679 78941
Author Chris Curtis, Mark Stenton & Rowan May Illustrations Chris Curtis Editor Rowan May, Anna Badcock Report Number and Date 2020/30 22/10/2020 Version and filename Version 2. 2466 Brunt’s Barn Report v2.pdf
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Disclaimer: This Report has been prepared solely for the person/party which commissioned it and for the specifically titled project or named part thereof referred to in the Report. The Report should not be relied upon or used for any other project by the commissioning person/party without first obtaining independent verification as to its suitability for such other project, and obtaining the prior written approval of York Archaeological Trust for Excavation and Research Limited (“YAT”) (trading as ArcHeritage). YAT accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this Report being relied upon or used for any purpose other than the purpose for which it was specifically commissioned. Nobody is entitled to rely upon this Report other than the person/party which commissioned it. YAT accepts no responsibility or liability for any use of or reliance upon this Report by anybody other than the commissioning person/party.
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CONTENTS
Non‐technical summary ...... iv
1 Introduction ...... 1
2 Site location, geology & topography ...... 1
3 Designations ...... 1
4 Aims and Methodology ...... 2 4.1 Aims ...... 2 4.2 Methodology ...... 2
5 Archaeological and Historical Background ...... 5 5.1 Medieval ...... 5 5.2 Sixteenth and seventeenth centuries ...... 6 5.3 Eighteenth century ...... 8 5.5 Nineteenth century ...... 8 5.6 Twentieth Century ...... 11 5.7 Previous archaeological investigations ...... 12
6 Archaeological potential ...... 13 6.1 Brunt’s Barn and farmyard ...... 13 6.2 Padley Chapel shelter...... 14
7 Description of the Buildings ...... 15 7.1 Brunt’s Barn ...... 15 7.2 Padley Chapel Shelter ...... 17
8 Conclusions and Assessment of Significance ...... 18 8.1 Brunt’s Barn ...... 18 8.2 Padley Chapel Shelter ...... 20
9 Impact of the Propsals ...... 20
10 Acknowledgements ...... 21
11 Bibliography ...... 21
Plates ...... 24
Figures ...... 40
Appendix 1: Gazetteer of recorded heritage assets ...... 41
Appendix 2: Listing & scheduling details ...... 43
Appendix 3: Historic schedules of the estate ...... 46
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Plates Plate 1: Overview of Brunt’s Barn from the east Plate 2: Northwest elevation Plate 3: North end of northwest elevation Plate 4: Southwest elevation of the barn range Plate 5: Northeast elevation of the barn Plate 6: Southeast elevation of the barn Plate 7: Southeast elevation of workshop range Plate 8: Northeast elevation of workshop range Plate 9: Southwest elevation of workshop range Plate 10: Southern room in Brunt’s Barn, facing southeast Plate 11: Roof in south room of Brunt’s Barn, facing southeast Plate 12: Ground floor living room and former threshing bay in Brunt’s Barn, facing southwest Plate 13: Stair hall with drying room to rear, facing northeast Plate 14: Dividing wall between stair hall and offices with blockwork to the first floor and stonework to the ground floor, facing northwest Plate 15: Ground floor office in Brunt’s barn, facing north Plate 16: Ground floor office in Brunt’s Barn, facing southeast Plate 17: First floor meeting room in Brunt’s Barn, facing southwest Plate 18: Northern truss in Brunt’s Barn meeting room, facing northeast Plate 19: Large redundant mortice in the north tie beam in Brunt’s Barn’s meeting room, facing northwest Plate 20: Southern truss in Brunt’s Barn meeting room, facing southwest Plate 21: Southern dormitory in Brunt’s Barn, facing northeast Plate 22: Northern dormitory in Brunt’s Barn, facing northeast Plate 23: Workshop range, facing northwest Plate 24: Workshop range, facing southeast Plate 25: Padley Chapel Shelter situated within the remains of Padley Hall. The extant gatehouse, now a chapel, stands in the background, facing southwest Plate 26: Padley Chapel Shelter, facing east Plate 27: Deflecting wall plate in Padley Chapel Shelter. (N.b. The effect is reduced by lens distortion.) Facing southwest Plate 28: Fragments of decorative medieval stonework embedded in the Padley Chapel shelter bench, facing southeast Plate 29: Hardstanding adjacent to northwest elevation, facing east Plate 30: Early 20th‐century pigsties against northwest elevation, viewed facing south Plate 31: Juxtaposition of the barn and chapel/gatehouse and trackway, facing southeast Plate 32: View west towards the barn (to the rear) from Padley Manor Farmhouse (right)
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Figures Figure 1: Site location Figure 2: Site plan and heritage assets Figure 3: William Gell’s Plan of Padley, 1800 Figure 4: William Gell’s Illustration of Padley Chapel , 1800 Figure 5: 1810 plan of old enclosures, Upper Padley Figure 6: 1840 plan of the Upper Padley estate Figure 7: R. Keene’s photo of Padley Chapel, 1858 Figure 8: 1880 OS map Figure 9: 1898 OS map Figure 10: 1922 OS map Figure 11: H.E. Allen’s painting of Padley Chapel, 1936 Figure 12: 1955 OS map Figure 13: 1971 OS map Figure 14: Garrett Sweeney’s photo of Padley Chapel, 1978 Figure 15: Location of 2011 geophysical survey grids Figure 16: Geophysical survey interpretation Figure 17: Brunt's Barn, ground floor Figure 18: Brunt's Barn, first floor Figure 19: Brunt’s Barn, proposed ground floor plan Figure 20: Brunt’s Barn, proposed first floor plan
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NON‐TECHNICAL SUMMARY In July 2020 ArcHeritage was commissioned to produce a Heritage Statement and Heritage Impact Assessment of Brunt’s Barn and the shelter at Padley Chapel in Upper Padley, Derbyshire. The report was commissioned by the Peak District National Park Authority in order to assess significance of the buildings prior to redevelopment as well as the impact of the redevelopment on their significance. Brunt’s Barn was built as a combination threshing barn and cow house as part of the reorganisation of Padley Manor Farm, the successor farm to the medieval great house of Padley Hall. It has not been possible to establish the exact date of the barn based on documentary sources or building elements, but it pre‐dates 1810 and is considered most likely to be of mid‐ 18th century date, perhaps contemporary with Padley Manor Farmhouse. It was extended in the early 19th century to provide another cow house. A workshop was added to the barn in the mid‐ 20th century and it was acquired in 1980 by the Peak District National Park Authority, who have since been using it as offices for their Ranger Service and as volunteer accommodation. Internally, very little historic fabric survives, apart from the stone walls and two roof trusses that appear to be re‐used from an earlier building, but the original layout is still broadly legible. Though the barn is of modest appearance and has been internally altered, its overall significance is enhanced by the survival of 18th‐century fabric, and by its association with the Scheduled remains of Padley Hall. It is considered to be of regional significance, due to the survival of original fabric, its contribution to the history of the post‐medieval development of Padley Hall, and its contribution to the setting of Padley Chapel, the ruins of the hall and the Upper Padley conservation area. The Padley Chapel shelter is an open‐sided canopy shelter built on the remains of part of the east wing of Padley Hall. It was constructed to provide shelter for priests during the open‐air mass held annually as part of a pilgrimage for the Padley Martyrs. The structure was built in the 1970s and is of minimal significance, save for its communal interest within the Roman Catholic Church. It is considered that the canopy has a detrimental impact on the setting of the grade I listed Padley Chapel and the Scheduled remains of the hall. It is considered that the development plans for alterations to Brunt’s Barn will not have a detrimental impact on the building’s significance. The proposals to improve the volunteer accommodation and provide welfare and interpretation facilities that can be shared with Padley Chapel, will largely affect the interior, and do not include the removal of any surviving historic features or partitions. There is a slight potential for impacting on buried archaeological remains within the footprint of the barn, but the extent of this impact is likely to be very limited. The plans for replacing the Padley Chapel shelter are not finalised, but removal of the current canopy would have a positive impact on the setting of the grade I listed building and scheduled ruins. Depending on the extent of the works, there may be a slight impact on the footings of part of the east wing of the great hall and any associated buried deposits.
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1 INTRODUCTION In July 2020 ArcHeritage was commissioned to produce a Heritage Statement and Heritage Impact Assessment of Brunt’s Barn and the 20th‐century shelter at Padley Chapel in Upper Padley, Derbyshire. The report was commissioned by the Peak District National Park Authority in order to assess significance of the buildings prior to proposed alterations, and to understand the potential impacts of the redevelopment on the significance of the buildings and designated cultural heritage assets in the immediate vicinity.
2 SITE LOCATION, GEOLOGY & TOPOGRAPHY The buildings forming the focus of the Heritage Statement comprise Brunt’s Barn to the south of Padley Chapel, centred on SK 24667 78925, and a canopied shelter to the northeast of the chapel, located at SK 24691 78953, at Upper Padley, in the Derbyshire Peak District (Figure 1). The buildings are located around the site of the medieval Padley Hall, located on the southwest‐facing slope of a valley, northeast of the confluence of the River Derwent and Burbage Brook. The site is accessed via an unnamed private road that runs from Grindleford station and passes between Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel. A railway line lies to the immediate south of Brunt’s Barn, with pasture fields further to the south. Padley Hall scheduled monument is bounded to the north by steep wooded slopes. Brunt’s Barn was formerly one of the farm buildings associated with Padley Manor Farmhouse, which is located 50m to the east along the unnamed road and is now in separate ownership. The barn was purchased by the Peak District National Park Authority in 1980 and is used as offices and workshops for rangers, as well as providing accommodation for volunteers. Padley Chapel, the shelter and the ruins of Padley Hall are owned by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hallam. The underlying bedrock consists of Carboniferous mudstone and siltstone from the Marsden formation, formed approximately 320 million years ago with superficial deposits of head, comprising boulders from the Quaternary period. Further uphill to the north, the bedrock geology is Chatsworth Grit sandstone. The site lies within the Dark Peak National Character Area, as defined by Natural England. This are is dominated by high gritstone moorlands with high densities of dispersed settlement in the valleys. In this area, most isolated farmsteads are on medieval to 17th‐century sites and set within irregular fields (Lake and Edwards 2017, 5).
3 DESIGNATIONS Brunt’s Barn is not listed, although it is adjacent to the grade I listed Padley Chapel and appears to have had a historical association with this building when both formed part of a farm by at least the late 18th century. It also has a historical association with the grade II listed Padley Manor Farmhouse further to the east, and is possibly contemporary with the farmhouse. Padley Chapel (NHLE 1335033) was listed in 1951 before curtilage listing was introduced, and is in separate ownership, but the barn could still be considered as being within the curtilage of the chapel given its close proximity and historical association. Brunt’s Barn was acquired by the Peak District National Park Authority in 1980, and was therefore separate from Padley Manor Farmhouse
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when it was listed in 1985 (NHLE 1311242). Though again these buildings have an historical association, their physical separation and differences in ownership suggest that the barn does not currently form part of the curtilage of the farmhouse. In addition to its association with the listed buildings, Brunt’s Barn lies within the Upper Padley Conservation area and within the immediate setting of the remains of Padley Hall, which is designated as a Scheduled Monument (NHLE 1017587). Padley Chapel shelter is also not listed, but it lies within the area of the scheduled monument of Padley Hall and has an impact on the setting of the grade I listed Padley Chapel. The canopy is explicitly excluded from the scheduling, along with its seating and all modern stone walls, but the ground beneath is included. Listing and scheduling details are contained in Appendix 2, and the location of the designated assets is shown in Figure 2.
4 AIMS AND METHODOLOGY
4.1 Aims The general aim of the heritage statement is to describe the cultural heritage resource, and to assess the impacts on this resource potentially arising from the redevelopment proposals. The specific aims are to:
Identify and describe the cultural heritage resource that may be affected by the proposed redevelopment; Assess the significance of the heritage assets within the proposed redevelopment area; Assess the contribution that the proposed redevelopment area makes to the significance of cultural heritage assets in the immediate vicinity and wider landscape; Identify and explain the heritage significance of the site; Assess the direct and indirect impacts of the proposed development on the heritage resource.
4.2 Methodology 4.2.1 Desk‐based research Desk‐based research was undertaken to provide an overview of the history and development of the site, dates of construction of the buildings, and changes in use of the structures and surrounding land. The research was limited by the initiation of the Coronavirus lockdown towards the start of the project. This meant that it was not possible to visit any archives or libraries, and research was limited to material already held by ArcHeritage, or available online. Visits to Sheffield Archives and Barnsley Discovery Centre were subsequently made at the end of the assessment to check the references deemed to be most useful to elucidate the history of the property. The Derbyshire Historic Environment Record (HER) were consulted to gain information on the nature of recorded cultural heritage assets in the vicinity of the site and any relevant supplementary information. Map regression was undertaken utilising historic OS maps and copies of available documentary maps. Online archive and library catalogues were consulted to identify documentary material that could contribute to future research in association with the proposed redevelopment works. The following sources were consulted:
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Derbyshire Historic Environment Record (HER) Peak District National Park Authority Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) National Heritage List for England (NHLE) Heritage Gateway online Sheffield Archives Barnsley Archives Derbyshire Record Office online catalogue National Record Office online catalogue Nottinghamshire Archives online catalogue Historic OS mapping ArcHeritage library and project archives 4.2.2 Site visit A site visit was made by the built heritage project officer, to investigate the buildings’ development and significance. Photos were taken with a digital SLR in order to illustrate overall views and key details, and for inclusion in the report. Written notes and annotated plans of the building were made in order to help understand its development. This utilised existing architects’ plans of the building. The on‐site investigation noted: The setting of the buildings; The overall appearance of the buildings and circulation areas; External and internal detail relevant to the buildings’ design, development or use; Any evidence for machinery or plant relating to the buildings’ former function; Any dates, inscriptions or graffiti which contribute to an understanding of the buildings or their fixtures and fittings; Any building contents or ephemera which has a significant bearing on the buildings’ history; The relationship of the buildings to nearby designated structures; Evidence for any ancillary buildings directly associated with the barn. 4.2.3 Assessment of archaeological potential The assessment of the potential for buried archaeological remains to be present is a professional judgement based on known cultural heritage assets in the vicinity, the nature of current and historic land‐use, and available information on the nature and condition of sub‐surface deposits. The assessment is not a definitive statement, but a consideration of potential based on the currently available evidence. The assessment of potential could be modified if additional information was to become available. A low potential reflects a below‐average likelihood for the preservation of remains based on known parameters; moderate represents an average potential; and high would reflect an above‐ average potential for the survival of archaeology. If there is insufficient evidence on which to make a judgement the potential is deemed to be unknown. A negligible potential means that no significant archaeological remains are present; this is only used where it is known that substantial sub‐surface disturbance has occurred in the past (such as excavation for deep basements or quarrying) which will have removed any earlier remains.
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4.2.4 Assessment of significance and setting The term ‘heritage assets’ covers a wide variety of features including: buildings; standing, buried and submerged archaeological remains, sites and landscapes; and parks and gardens, whether designated or not. Heritage assets hold meaning for society over and above functional utility. It is possible to ascertain the relative importance of heritage assets based a number of factors, including period, rarity, documentation, group value, vulnerability and diversity. Within this report, the relative importance is assigned to one of six categories:
International: meaning the site or feature is recognised as being of value beyond just the UK. This might include locations that carry a World Heritage site designation. The site or feature is likely to be assessed as being of exceptional significance. National: meaning the site or feature is part of our national heritage and important on a UK wide scale. This would include grade I and II* listed buildings, Scheduled Monuments, and Registered Parks and Gardens, as well as sites located within National Parks or Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The site or feature is likely to be assessed as being of considerable significance. Regional: meaning the site or feature is important within the region of the country in which it is located – for the site this would be the Peak District National Park and Derbyshire county. Local: meaning the site or feature is important either to the local area, or to just the site itself. Minimal: meaning that the site or feature has little or no importance to the local area, or has been damaged to the extent that its former significance has been lost. Unknown: meaning that the current lack of knowledge of the extent or character of a site or feature prevents assessment of its significance. In addition to the relative heritage importance of a site or asset, heritage significance of a place can be complex and subtle, and requires a discursive approach. Historic England guidelines on Analysing Significance in Heritage Assets (2019, 16) outline the following themes to help establish the various interests contributing to the significance of heritage assets:
Archaeological interest: the potential of the place to yield evidence about past human activity worthy of investigation. Historical interest: the ways in which past people, events and aspects of life can be connected through a place to the present (this may be illustrative or associative); and the potential for heritage assets to provide meaning for communities derived from their collective experience of a place. Architectural and artistic interest: these elements are derived from the way people draw sensory and intellectual stimulation from a place, and can arise from conscious design or fortuitously through the evolution of an asset or group of assets. The significance of the buildings has also been assessed against criteria set out in the National Planning Policy Framework and the Peak District National Park Farmsteads Assessment Framework (Lake and Edwards 2017). The setting of heritage assets is an important consideration in relation to future management. The setting of a heritage asset is defined in The Setting of Heritage Assets (Historic England GPA3
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2017, 2) as the surroundings in which it is experienced, and can contribute to, or detract from, heritage values of the asset. Paragraphs 13‐31 of GPA3 consider the steps required to identify and assess potential effects on setting of heritage assets. Criteria which may contribute to the setting of an asset include:
View: the views to and from an asset play an important part in the way in which an asset is experienced. Environmental factors: setting is influenced by environmental factors such as noise, dust and vibration. Spatial associations and our understanding of the historic relationship between places: buildings that are in close proximity but not visible from each other may have a historic or aesthetic connection that amplifies the experience of the significance of each. They would be considered to be within one another’s setting. The perceived extent of a setting may change as an asset and its surroundings evolve or as understanding of the asset improves. Also, the setting of a heritage asset can enhance its significance whether or not it was designed to do so. Public appreciation: evaluation of the effect of change within the setting of a heritage asset will need to consider the implications, if any, for public appreciation of its significance. 4.2.5 Assessment of impact Available details of the proposed development/alterations were assessed to understand the impact of the proposals on the setting and significance of the buildings, nearby cultural heritage assets and the character of the Conservation Area.
5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND A search of the Derbyshire HER was made to gain information on recorded cultural heritage assets and any previous archaeological fieldwork within 500m of the site. This identified 12 heritage assets, which are listed in Appendix 1 and shown on Figure 2. Asset numbers in the text refer to the gazetteer. No assets of earlier than medieval date are recorded within the search area.
5.1 Medieval The manor of Padley is first recorded in a land grant of the 12th century, when it was held by the de Padley family. A manor’s ‘capital messuage’ typically ‘comprised an enclosed area containing the seignurial residential complex, gatehouse, stables and the various agricultural outbuildings necessary to run the demesne as a working farm’ (Bailey 2002, 3). The antiquarian, Sidney Addy, and the Sheffield architect, C.M. Hadfield, both suggested that the majority of the hall’s standing remains date from the 14th century, with the remains of an earlier building at the west (Hadfield 1934, 263, 267). However, Anthony Emery, a leading architectural historian, states that ‘all standing evidence points to a 15th‐century date’ for the principal remains of Padley Hall (Emery 2000, 427). Given Emery’s standing and expertise, the latter date will be preferred in this report. With the death of Robert de Padley, the manor passed to his daughter, Joan, in the early 15th century (Jewitt 1874, 106). Following Joan’s marriage to Robert Eyre, Padley was held by the Eyres until the 16th century. Given Emery’s 15th‐century date for the visible remains of the
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manorial complex, it is likely that the hall was rebuilt by the Eyres, either by Robert, who died in 1459, or his son Robert II, who died in 1499 (Emery 1996, 428). This fits with a wider pattern, as ‘many manor houses were rebuilt… with greater emphasis on display’ in the later medieval period (Bailey 2002, 4). The manor house (asset 2) was in an classic H‐plan form, with a central east‐west aligned open hall separated from the western service wing by a cross passage, and an eastern wing probably holding the domestic chambers. A further range to the south, parallel with the open hall, was the gatehouse (asset 1), which is the only element surviving as a standing building. A central stone‐ flagged courtyard was enclosed by these ranges, with a smaller yard to the north of the central hall bounded by a massive revetment wall on its north side. The walls are constructed of dressed millstone grit, probably derived from local quarries uphill, perhaps part of the Bole Hill Quarry complex (asset 8). There is evidence for other structures to the west of the gatehouse, including the footings of a building immediately adjacent to, and apparently earlier than, the gatehouse, with the base of a possible corn‐drying or malting kiln or oven nearby. It has been theorised that these relate to an earlier phase of the hall, possibly service buildings, that may have continued in use during the occupation of the 15th‐century hall. Evidence from other manorial complexes of similar status to Padley suggests that the ‘ancillary functions of a working household such as stables, workshops and stores would be located in an outer court’ (Pritchard, May and Payne 2011, 25). At Padley, this is likely to have been in the area occupied by Brunt’s Barn and the former farmyard to the west of the barn. Previous geophysical survey carried out within the farmyard in 2011 identified the remains of a possible buried foundation adjacent to Brunt’s Barn (McCormack 2011, 6), but this feature is currently undated (see Section 5.7). A small evaluation at the northwest side of the farmyard in 2003 recorded two post holes probably associated with post‐medieval gate posts (Bell 2003). Within the wider area around the hall, there are documentary references from 1499 to six acres of manorial grounds, along with terraced gardens, fishponds and small reservoir that may have been included in that acreage (Jacques 1998). The terraced gardens were on the hillside above and east of the hall, and the reservoir to the immediate northeast, but the location of the fishponds is unclear. There is also a documentary reference to Robert Eyre surrounding his deer park with a wall after 1499 (Hart 1981, 154; Wiltshire and Woore 2009, 132‐133). This is also theorised to have been sited to the south of the hall, and may have contained the fish ponds (asset 5). There is no evidence for the boundaries of the park in the current field boundary layout, but fields named Little Park and Old Park were listed in 17th‐ and 18th‐century documents (see Appendix 3), and Near and Far Old Park are shown on a map of 1810 (Figure 5) to the southwest of the hall site. It has been suggested that the fishponds and a substantial boundary wall were destroyed by the cutting of the railway to the south of the site in 1893 (Hart 1981, 154).
5.2 Sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Padley passed to the Fitzherbert family through marriage in the 1530s (Meredith 1970, 32). Thomas Fitzherbert of Norbury subsequently acquired much of the rest of the manor of Hathersage, of which the Padley estate had comprised one quarter (Meredith 1970, 32), and leased the Padley estate to his brother John. The Fitzherberts were Roman Catholics, and as
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recusants were involved in the 16th‐century religious disputes. In 1588, two Catholic priests, Nicholas Garlick and Richard Ludlam, were caught in a raid of Padley Manor by the priest‐hunter Richard Topcliffe. Both were arrested, along with John Fitzherbert. The priests were executed and Fitzherbert was imprisoned until his death in 1590. Extended disputes between the Fitzherberts and the Earls of Shrewsbury and Pembroke over the ownership of the manor followed the death of John Fitzherbert, with documentary evidence demonstrating that the manor was frequently leased to tenants (including Francis Dakin) until it was eventually purchased by Robert Ashton of Castleton between 1657 and 1671 (Meredith 1970, 34‐35, 49; NA STAC 8/136/16; BA SpSt/100/21 & 23). The property appears to have been divided between two owners prior to that, with Ashton purchasing the separate moieties from Edward and Humphrey Pegg in 1659 and John Morewood in 1671 (BA SpSt/97). The composition of the manorial complex is not specified in the indentures of release, which describe only ‘that ancient capital messuage or manor house [of Over Padley], together with all buildings and outhouses thereunto belonging’, as well as a list of associated fields, woods and mills (BA SpSt/97, see Appendix 3 for field names). Robert Ashton was High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1664‐65 and lived at Stony Middleton Hall. It has been stated in several sources that Ashton demolished part of Padley Manor and repurposed the rest as a farm (e.g. Craven and Stanley 2001, 173) but no reference to this has been found in the original documents seen, or in the catalogues of the Spencer Stanhope Collection, therefore the source of this theory in unclear. The extent of demolition of the hall’s principal buildings in this period is also uncertain. While it is possible that much of the site was left to gradually decay, it is also likely that some of the high quality stone from the buildings was sold for reuse elsewhere, a common practice during this period. There are no known accounts relating to the sale of stone in the archival sources. More utilitarian stone from the hall may have been used in buildings for the new farm, though again it is unclear whether any new construction was undertaken during the period; it is perhaps more likely that the 17th‐century farm was formed of retained elements of the hall and its ancillary buildings. It is thought that Padley Hall’s former gatehouse, the present‐day Padley Chapel, may have functioned as the farmhouse during this period (Pritchard, May and Payne 2011, 5). Robert Ashton’s will of 1683 left the manor of ‘Over Padley’ to his grandson, also called Robert, and included a payment of £200 for Robert ‘to build a house at Padley’ (BA SpSt/104/1). After the younger Robert died at a relatively early age, his estates were inherited by his uncle Benjamin Ashton of Hathersage Hall (BA SpSt/99). There is a catalogue reference in the Portland of Welbeck collection at Nottinghamshire Archives to a c.1700 survey and valuation of Padley and Snitterton, Derbyshire (Notts A DD/4P/SS/46), which could possibly include the site; however, it is unclear from the reference whether this relates to the Upper Padley manor as there are no other details in the catalogue entry and the place‐name Padley is found in other parts of Derbyshire. There does not appear to be an obvious link between the Upper Padley manor and the Portland of Welbeck estates, although this collection does include documents relating to possessions of the Earls of Shrewsbury, who had an interest in Upper Padley from c.1600 to 1616. There is no known connection between the manors of Upper Padley and Snitterton. There was not time to consult this document for the assessment.
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5.3 Eighteenth century In 1715, the manor was mortgaged for £2000 to William Spencer, a Yorkshire iron magnate, as a ‘marriage portion’ for Spencer’s marriage to Benjamin’s daughter, Christiana (BA SpSt/100/23). It is possible that the farm was run by tenants in this period, as Benjamin lived at Hathersage Hall, while Christiana lived at Cannon Hall, Cawthorne, South Yorkshire, after her marriage; however it is described as ‘in hand’ in schedules of the estate in 1749 (SpSt/270) and 1775 (SpSt/60670/2), so it is possible that it was managed by an agent. A page of accounts relating to the estate of Benjamin Ashton in 1729 demonstrates that Ashton had owned ‘stock on Padley Farm’ at the time of his death (DRO D3470/1/11), which supports the theory that the Ashtons retained an active interest in the farm and continued to raise livestock on the land; although it cannot be ascertained without consulting the documents whether this reference is to the former hall at Upper Padley. If it was, the 1729 accounts would indicate that the farm remained active at that date, and would have included barns to house livestock and hay.
Historic England’s listing for the Grade II listed Padley Manor Farmhouse (NHLE 1311242) states that the farmhouse was built in the mid‐18th century. It is not known if Brunt’s Barn was built at the same time as the Padley Manor Farmhouse, but stylistically this seems likely, and suggests that the farm complex was substantially redesigned during the 18th century. This may have been due to ongoing deterioration of the surviving remains of the hall. Padley passed to Christiana’s daughter, also called Christiana, in 1737. Christiana married William Shuttleworth in 1748, but the couple lived at Hathersage Hall and do not appear to have had any direct involvement with Padley, as a 1749 mortgage of lands by William and John Spencer to Elizabeth Parkin, ‘spinster of Ravencroft’, Yorkshire, included ‘the manor of Upper Padley’ (BA SpSt/270). Elizabeth Parkin is listed in several of the Spencer estate documents and appears to have been a wealthy woman who bought interests in various manors and estates in order to profit from the various rents and dues. As an elderly absentee landlord, Parkin is unlikely to have taken any active involvement in the management of the farm at Padley. It is not known if the farm had been redeveloped by the time of the 1749 manorial mortgage. A ‘schedule of premises’ within the manor was included among the mortgage documents, which lists only the ‘houses, barns and yard’, along with the various fields, all described as ‘in hand’ (BA SpSt/270). A c.1775 schedule of ‘Padley Lands’ is very similar, and lists a ‘household, orchard and yard’ (BA SpSt/60670/2). Orchards were listed in two enclosure adjacent to the former hall in a schedule of 1810 (see section 5.5). The ‘household, orchard and yard’ was listed together with a group of fields that surround the manor house site, and weredescribed as ‘in hand’ in 1775 (see Appendix 3 for copies of the schedules). Upper Padley reverted to the Shuttleworths after the term of Parkin’s mortgage was over and remained in the family’s possession until 1933.
5.5 Nineteenth century Sir William Gell’s 1800 plan of Padley (Figure 3) is the earliest known surviving illustration of the site; however, it is likely that this depicts a theorised reconstruction of the medieval manor based on standing and ruined remains visible at the time, rather than the farm layout of 1800. The plan and accompanying illustrations of the standing gatehouse building were included in a manuscript recounting the Gell family’s pedigree (including the Eyres and Fitzherberts), and was therefore most interested in the medieval hall rather than the later farm. This is supported by the features
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depicted on the plan, which shows the gatehouse/chapel as a ‘gallery’, and further buildings on the approximate location of some of the now‐exposed ruins, suggesting that evidence for these was visible in 1800 as either ruined walls or turf‐covered banks. It also shows buildings to the east of the east wing of the hall, for which there is no known evidence from subsequent fieldwork, and does not depict the 18th‐century Padley Manor Farmhouse to the east. The plan shows a rectangular building the south of the chapel on the site of Brunt’s Barn, forming the east side of an courtyard to the south of the manor house, defined to the south and west by regular boundaries. Another courtyard to the north of the gallery is now known to be surfaced with substantial stone flags, although Gell’s illustration of the north elevation suggests that much of this area was covered by accumulated soil and turf at the time, with only a central flagged pathway shown leading to the central door of the gatehouse (Figure 4). The accompanying illustration of the south elevation of Padley Chapel does not show any similar surfacing within the southern ‘court’ adjacent to the chapel. The plan suggests that Gell interpreted the post‐ medieval farmyard as the remains of an outer courtyard to the medieval hall. McCormack (2011, 6) suggested that as the building depicted in Gell’s plan is smaller than the current barn, not extending as far to the northeast, it was possible that the structure depicted by Gell may not have been Brunt’s Barn, but a now‐demolished predecessor. However, as noted above, the plan is more likely to be an interpretation of the general layout of the medieval buildings, rather than an accurate record of the site in 1800. A building does appear to have been located in this area, as its northeast corner was shown in the background of Gell’s illustration of the north elevation of Padley Chapel (Figure 4). Little detail was evident beyond prominent eaves course on the barn’s north elevation, although the building appeared to possess a slate, rather than a thatched, roof and the hatching may have been intended to represent stone blockwork. It is possible that the discrepancy in the size of Brunt’s Barn in Gell’s plan is due to a subsequent extension, as supported by the presence of a straight joint within the barn’s west elevation. A plan drawn for the 1830 Hathersage enclosure award (Figure 5) shows Brunt’s Barn with its current dimensions and position, thereby suggesting that any extension had been added to the barn within a few years of the Gell plan. The exact date of the plan of old enclosures is uncertain, but the associated survey took place mainly in 1810 (SA FC/MB238). Brunt’s Barn and the adjacent farmyard were shown as part of Plot no.1312 on the c.1810 plan (Figure 5). The only buildings shown in the vicinity of the barn were the gatehouse to the northwest and Padley Manor Farmhouse to the east. The barn and gatehouse were within the same enclosure, which extended east up to the edge of the farmhouse. A smaller enclosure was appended to the east of the gatehouse, within the main enclosure. The accompanying survey notebook (SA FC/MB238) describes these enclosures as ‘homestead and garden’, the latter possibly the smaller enclosure. It does not detail any of the individual buildings. The field north of the farmhouse was simply named ‘Croft’, whilst two enclosures to the west of the gatehouse were named Upper and Nether Orchard. A triangular field to the immediate west of the barn was known as Wainhouse Yard, which could suggest that the barn, or perhaps more likely an earlier outbuilding in this area, had been used as a waggon store. Wainhouse Yard is also mentioned in the 1659 indenture, but not in either the 1749 or 1775 schedules, where it may be the ‘yard’ included with the household and orchard. In 1810, the owner of the land was A.A. Shuttleworth, and the tenant of the farm was Francis Barber. Annotations on the map indicate that Barber’s
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fields were mostly being used as pasture or meadow at the time of the survey, with five in arable use and one fallow. Details of the schedule are reproduced in Appendix 3. Fairbank’s 1840 plan of J.A.S. Shuttleworth’s Upper Padley estate (SA FC/P/Hath/69S) shows the same layout of the farm site and most of the field names (Figure 6). It is slightly more detailed in its depiction of the buildings, and interestingly shows the outline of a building in the area of the kitchen wing of Padley Hall, suggesting it was visible as a clear ruin at the time of the survey. A possible small enclosure was shown in the northwest corner of the farmyard. Interestingly, this map includes two different field boundary layouts, one in black, the other in red and shown only in the area to the south of the manor. The red lines correspond with those on the 1810 map, but the black ones seem to relate more closely to the fields as listed in the 18th‐century schedules, several of which were not recorded in 1810. Two sets of plot numbers are also used, those in red being the same as on the 1810 map and schedule, but no associated survey schedule was found to accompany the 1840 plan. It is unclear why two separate layouts were depicted, but it appears that the fields in black were the earlier arrangement, perhaps indicating that some reorganisation was undertaken in the late 18th or early 19th century, perhaps in association with the Parliamentary Enclosure process. The red boundaries are considerably straighter than the fields outlined in black. The gatehouse was mentioned in a notebook from 1826, which provided a brief description of the ‘old hall (now a farm) still remaining at Padley’ (SA Bag C/3363/14). The description relates only to the gatehouse and offers no further information on the use of the building at that time. In 1877, a more detailed description of the gatehouse was given, which stated that ‘the old chapel, with the offices below it, is the only part of Padley Hall now standing, with the exception of certain barns and outbuildings’. This mentioned that the ground floor was at that date ‘used as cowhouses and stables, and the upper storey or chapel as a barn for hay and other farm produce’. It also stated that there was a modern lean‐to at the east end of the gatehouse building (Cox 1877, 251‐252). Neither Brunt’s Barn nor the majority of the farmyard are visible in R. Keene’s 1858 photograph of Padley Chapel (Figure 7). This showed that the farmyard was bounded by a drystone wall, while the yard surface immediately to the south of the chapel appeared to be rough ground. A small building was shown in the northeast corner of the yard, adjacent to the corner of the chapel, which was also depicted on the 1880 OS map, effectively enclosing the area to the west of Brunt’s Barn as a farmyard, separated from the wider enclosure to the north. The barn itself appeared unchanged on this map (Figure 8), but another rectangular outbuilding had been constructed on the northwest side of the farmyard. The farmyard was accessed by a trackway aligned east‐west, entering the yard from the east between the barn and the gatehouse, and exiting westwards through the southwest boundary. The enclosure to the immediate east of the chapel was still shown, with three small structures appended at its southeast edge, possibly pig sties or chicken sheds. The farmhouse was shown to the east. Brunt’s Barn and the farmyard appeared largely unchanged on the 1898 Ordnance Survey map (Figure 9), apart from the building in the northeast corner of the yard, which was shown as unroofed. A new building was shown in the enclosure to the east of the gatehouse. A railway line had been constructed through the fields just to the south, on the line between Sheffield and
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Manchester. This led to the realignment of one of the tracks leading west of the farmyard. Most of the land around the farm was shown as rough ground or heath by that date.
5.6 Twentieth Century A small rectangular building with two small enclosures on its east side had been constructed adjacent to the southwest corner of Brunt’s Barn by the time of the 1922 OS map (Figure 10). Extant remains of this structure demonstrate that they were probably pig sties, constructed of substantial masonry, unmortared. The stones may have been re‐used material that was salvaged from earlier structures on the site, though it is not known whether the stones had previously been used in the medieval buildings. Further buildings had been constructed in the small enclosure to the east of the chapel by 1922. The railway line had been expanded with sidings that extended right up to the southern corner of Brunt’s Barn, blocking off the track leading west from the farmyard. To the immediate southwest of the farmyard was another cutting associated with a wagonway and inclined plane leading to the railway sidings from the Bole Hill millstone quarries on the hillside north of the site (asset 8). No rails were shown at that date, indicating that the wagonway was disused. In 1933, Padley Manor Farm was purchased from the Shuttleworth estate by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nottingham, for the purpose of converting the gatehouse into a chapel to commemorate the Padley martyrs. Since 1898, the site had become the focus of an annual pilgrimage to honour the martyrs, facilitated by the opening of the railway. Following the purchase, the gatehouse was renovated and the remains of the ruined hall to the north were partially uncovered. The diocese retained the chapel and the hall enclosure, but sold the farm and its other lands, presumably including Brunt’s Barn. The northwest corner of Brunt’s Barn and the northern part of the farmyard are visible in H.E. Allen’s 1934 painting of Padley Chapel (Figure 11). The barn appeared to possess a stone‐slate roof, while a door containing two small windows was present near the corner of the building. These features have been replaced by a later 20th‐century slate roof and a window, respectively. The surface of the farmyard appeared to be earth or mud, while the small building on the north‐ west side of the yard was a single‐storey structure with a corrugated iron roof. A substantial new extension to Brunt’s Barn had been added to the east side of the building by the time of the 1955 Ordnance Survey map (Figure 12). The pig sties west of the barn remained standing at that date. The small building at the northwest corner of the farmyard was shown with two bays on the 1971 OS map (Figure 13), while the building at the northeast, adjacent to the chapel, was no longer depicted. The 19th‐century boundary along the west side of the yard had been removed and part of the wagonway cutting infilled by 1971, and the road running through the yard had been established on its current route, exiting the yard at its northwest side. This map showed the current pre‐fab cottage in the small enclosure to the east of the gatehouse, replacing the late 19th‐ to early 20th‐century buildings previously shown. The gatehouse was labelled ‘RC Chapel’. Neither Brunt’s Barn nor, with the exception of small areas adjacent to the chapel, the farmyard are visible in photographs of Padley Chapel that were taken in 1908 and 1933. However, part of the barn’s north elevation is visible in a 1978 photograph by Garrett Sweeney (Figure 14). The large winnowing doorway, now secured by doors and windows, remained open at that date. Any
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doors that were once present in association with the doorway had been removed by 1978. The barn’s current slate roof was extant at the time of the 1978 photograph, although it has since been altered with the insertion of skylights. This is likely to have occurred after the barn’s purchase by the Peak District National Park Authority c.1980. The annual pilgrimage to Padley Chapel continued throughout the 20th century, including a large outdoor mass held on the site of the ruins. To better manage these events, a stone and timber canopied shelter was built in the 1970s over the remains of part of the eastern wing of the hall. The shelter, designed by the architects Reynolds and Scott (Pritchard, May and Payne 2011, 5), is partly supported on the wall of the cottage enclosure to the northeast of the gatehouse.
5.7 Previous archaeological investigations 5.7.1 1930s excavations at Padley Manor The main archaeological investigations at the site of Padley Manor great house were those conducted in the early 1930s in association with restoration of the gatehouse/chapel. The principal leader of the excavations appears to have been the architect Charles Hadfield, who published a brief article on the remains in the Transactions of the Hunter Archaeological Society in 1937. These were not detailed archaeological investigations, and focused principally on removing the overburden that had accumulated within the former farmyard, exposing the stone remains of the walls and surfaces, and undertaking some works to preserve these remains. The works exposed the main plan of the east, north and west wings, with the greatest preservation of walls being towards the western side of the site, where the west walls stand to over a metre in height in places, and the remains of a substantial fireplace and bread oven are preserved in the former kitchen. Hadfield’s excavation report does not describe the nature of the overburden, or any evidence for reuse of the buildings in the post‐medieval period. It also does not describe whether any artefacts were recovered, or deposits containing occupation material or rubbish deposition. During research for the 2011 Conservation Management Plan, no site archive or excavation records from the 1930s investigations were found. No investigations appear to have been undertaken in the area to the south of the chapel at this time, so the nature of any outer court was not addressed. 5.7.2 2011 investigations at Padley Manor A series of small trenches were excavated within the area of Padley Manor great house during works to inform the Conservation Management Plan. These were undertaken to answer a series of questions relating to the nature of the walls and buildings, including materials used in the 1933 preservation works, as well as to determine whether there were preserved archaeological deposits below the current ground surface. The works established that there were undisturbed deposits surviving in some areas (Pritchard, May and Payne 2011, 15). None of the intrusive works examined the area immediately around the canopied shelter overlying part of the eastern range, although a detailed record was made of the moulded stone fragments repurposed into the bench feature that runs around its interior. 5.7.3 2003 archaeological evaluation northwest of Brunt’s Barn In 2003, a small evaluation trench was excavated in the area to the west of Padley Chapel, to investigate the archaeological implications for the proposed construction of a toilet block. The evaluation comprised a single L‐shaped trench, though the exact location of this trench is unclear
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from the site plans, but it appears to have been to the south of the lane just to the west of the farmyard area. This recorded two squarish cuts interpreted as post holes for probable gate posts, aligned roughly east‐west. The only finds recovered were modern in date, suggesting the posts were removed in the 20th century (Bell 2003). A potential gate may have been located along a field boundary shown to the immediate west of the farmyard on the 1898 OS map and removed between 1955 and 1971. 5.7.2 2011 geophysical survey to north‐west of Brunt’s Barn A geophysical (electrical resistivity) survey conducted by ArcHeritage in 2011 identified several sub‐surface anomalies in the former farmyard to the west of Brunt’s Barn (Figures 15‐16). An L‐ shaped anomaly at the east side of the yard (feature A on Figure 16) was interpreted as a possible wall foundation. This feature is close to the area of stone sett hardstanding adjacent to the west face of the barn, though is wider and seems to be distinct from the hardstanding itself. It extends out 6m from the west face of Brunt’s Barn, then turns northeast, running approximately 14m to the edge of the survey grid. It appears to run under the current road that runs through the yard. If this feature relates to a building, it would be parallel with the west face of Brunt’s Barn, and at 90 degrees to Padley Chapel/gatehouse. The northeast end of the feature may have been truncated by the construction of the road crossing the yard (McCormack 2011, 6). Two low‐resistance linear features cutting the south end of the L‐shaped feature were identified, of uncertain origin. Another linear feature (B on Figure 16) runs on a diagonally angle, aligned east‐west, within the area bounded by the L‐shaped feature and Brunt’s Barn, and is of uncertain function. It is parallel with, but south of, the current road, and it is possible that it relates to an earlier track crossing the farmyard, prior to the northward extension of Brunt’s Barn by 1810. Six discrete anomalies interpreted as possible pits containing rubble deposits were identified within the yard, but these could potentially be of relatively recent origin, or even geological in origin. It cannot be ascertained on the basis of available evidence whether the possible foundation identified by the survey relates to a medieval structure, possibly associated with an outer courtyard and ancillary buildings to the south of the gatehouse, or to a structure associated with the post‐medieval farm. No features are shown at this location on any known map or plan of the site from 1800 onwards, which suggests that it was no longer extant, or visible as an earthwork by the start of the 19th century.
6 ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL
6.1 Brunt’s Barn and farmyard In addition to the manor house, Padley Hall will have possessed an associated area containing various ancillary buildings such as stables, stores and various agricultural outbuildings during the medieval period. Given the known layout of the hall and the topography of the site, there is the possibility that such buildings may have been situated in the area now occupied by Brunt’s Barn and the former farmyard immediately to the west. However, the lack of previous archaeological investigation in this area means that the potential for the survival of archaeological remains associated with the 12th‐ to 14th‐century manor house of the de Padley family, or the 15th‐century hall of the Eyres is uncertain. Within the area of the barn and farmyard, the archaeological potential for the medieval period is therefore considered to be unknown.
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The potential for the survival of remains associated with the 17th‐century farm within the area of Brunt’s Barn and the former farmyard is again uncertain on the basis of the current evidence. It has not been clearly established from the documentary research whether this involved new buildings, or a repurposing of surviving elements of the medieval hall and ancillary buildings. Given the indications that Brunt’s Barn is largely 18th‐century in date, this suggests that earlier farm or ancillary buildings to the south of the chapel may have been demolished at around the time this was constructed. This perhaps supports the theory that the 17th‐century farm occupied the earlier buildings, and that the farm was redeveloped in the 18th century when Padley Manor Farmhouse was constructed. The 1810 map of Hathersage did not show any buildings other than Brunt’s Barn and the chapel in the vicinity of the yard area. Two small outbuildings stood at the northern side of the farmyard by the mid‐19th century, both of which have since been demolished and their sites have not been redeveloped. A rubble mound in the northwest corner of the site is likely to derive from the building shown in this area, still extant by 1971. The footings, foundations and bases of walls of these buildings may survive as sub‐surface archaeological remains. The archaeological potential for the 19th century is considered to be moderate to good. The early 20th‐century pig sties adjacent to the barn survive as partially standing structures.
6.2 Padley Chapel shelter The area below the 1970s canopied shelter for Padley Chapel is part of the eastern wing of the 15th‐century hall, and although the original stonework of the west and south walls is partially obscured by the stone flooring and foundations of the shelter. There is the potential that removal of the shelter would allow the investigation of the walls and any floor surfacing or preserved archaeological deposits associated with the hall that underlie the shelter’s floor. The potential for medieval archaeological remains below the shelter is high. The shelter incorporates some architectural fragments from the hall that were recovered during the 1930s investigations, including the moulded stone fragments set into the bench feature and a large octagonal slab set horizontally as a table or slab at the southwest corner. This latter slab is thought to be the base of a former oriel window. Removal of these aspects of the shelter could require an alternative storage solution for these fragments, as loose fragments are known to have been removed from the site in the past. The date of the tall, substantial drystone wall forming the rear (east) wall of the shelter is uncertain. This wall continues to the north and south, surrounding the enclosure in which the modern pre‐fab cottage is located. This enclosure was shown on the 1810 map, the earliest detailed map of the site seen during the research. In the area south of the canopy, the wall is on the line of the outer wall of the east wing, and the lower courses contain some large blocks probably of medieval origin, though the wall appears to be largely rebuilt at a later date. It is not known if the enclosure was part of the 17th‐century farm, or the 18th‐century redevelopment associated with Padley Manor Farmhouse and Brunt’s Barn.
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7 DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDINGS
7.1 Brunt’s Barn 7.1.1 Overview Brunt’s Barn is a former barn and cow house to the south of Padley Chapel, now serving as offices and volunteer accommodation for the Peak District Park Authority Ranger Service. The building consists of two ranges. The two‐storey main range is built of coursed gritstone and has a gabled roof running southeast to northwest. A single‐storey workshop range is attached to the barn’s southeast elevation and runs almost perpendicular to it. The main range is roofed with Welsh slate whilst the workshop is clad with corrugated sheeting. In practice, the main range’s principal elevation faces southeast; however, historically the main elevation faced northwest into the former farmyard (Plate 1). Floor plans are shown in Figures 17‐18. 7.1.2 Exterior The northwest elevation consists of a long, two‐storey elevation formed of coursed gritstone blocks (Plate 2). The southern half of the elevation is blank, apart from irregular ventilation holes and a large opening for a threshing door. The opening is topped with an oak lintel but is missing its original doors, and instead features modern glazed doors and windows. The northern end of the elevation is punctuated by smaller doors and windows, in a pattern typical of cow houses and field barns (Plate 3). The southern pair of openings also have a first‐floor window above. All of the openings feature concrete lintels and modern doors and windows. The southern doorway has irregular stonework to the jambs, indicating it may be an insertion, whilst the southern window has straight joints and infilled stonework below it, indicating it was originally a doorway. None of the other openings have any indication that they are not original, apart from the concrete lintels which are probably a result of 20th‐century repair work. A slightly raised stone sett surface approximately 2m wide runs adjacent to the northern two‐thirds of the building, terminating just to the north of the threshing door (Plate 29). It is not clear if this is contemporary with the barn, but it may have formed a hardstanding area to facilitate access to the cow house. The main range’s southwest elevation consists of the gabled end of the barn (Plate 4). The coursed gritstone elevation is blank apart from multiple ventilation holes. The northeast elevation comprises the barn’s other gable (Plate 5). The elevation is shorter, due to the raised ground level and features a single ventilation hole and a first‐floor doorway accessed via external stone stairs built up against the side of the wall. Like most of the building’s openings, the doorway features a concrete lintel. The west edge of this elevation has a slight kink where the wall cuts back, presumably to avoid a sharp corner extending into the access lane. The southern half of the barn’s southeast elevation is obscured by the workshop range. The exposed northern half is built with coursed gritstone in a similar style to the main elevation (Plate 6). It has irregularly placed ventilation holes and two small windows with concrete lintels. The northern end of the elevation is separated from the rest by a prominent straight joint in the stonework with heavy quoins to the southern side, indicating the northern end of the range is a later addition. The southeast facing roof contains a series of modern Velux‐style roof‐lights, presumably inserted when the barn was converted to its current use. The workshop, constructed in gritstone rubble, has a gabled elevation facing southeast with a large double doorway (Plate 7), and two long elevations facing northeast and southwest. The
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northeast elevation features two doorways at either end and includes the main entrance to the building (Plate 8). The southwest elevation faces the railway and contains regularly spaced timber casement windows (Plate 9). All of the workshop’s openings feature concrete lintels. Adjacent to the south end of the northwest elevation is the remains of a pair of pig sties (Plate 30). These are stone‐built in similar material to the barn, with a partially ruined south range of accommodation, accessed by a door at the west end of the north face, and two narrow enclosures to the north, each having a separate entrance framed by vertical stone posts. Parts of the walls stand to almost their original height. The pig sties were first shown on the 1922 OS map. 7.1.3 Interior The interior of the main range can be divided into three parts split over two floors. At the southern end of the building is a large storage room, open to the roof, which has remained unaltered. The centre of the range contains a living room, staircase and drying room to the ground floor and a kitchen/meeting room to the first floor. This occupies what would have been a threshing bay. The northern end of the range is now used as offices on the ground floor and accommodation above. The range is accessed via a lobby in the adjoining workshop range which leads into the stair hall. The southern room appears to have received very little alteration when the building was converted. The walls are bare stonework and the ventilation holes have been crudely glazed to prevent animals and birds gaining access (Plate 10). It has a simple dirt floor, whilst the roof appears to be of modern construction, with sawn softwood principal rafters supporting two flights of purlins, a ridge post and similar common rafters. The principal rafters sit on tie beams which, in turn, are supported by the original timber wall plates (Plate 11). The space is divided from the rest of the range by a full‐height breeze‐block wall. The central part of the ground floor is occupied by a living room that features exposed stonework to its external walls and breeze blocks to the internal dividing walls (Plate 12). The floor, with carpet apparently overlying concrete, lies at a higher level than the dirt floor of the store room, and is also raised at the southeast half of the room, for no obvious reason. The plasterboard ceiling hides what is presumably a modern ceiling structure. The room is lit by the former threshing door to the northwest, and a smaller opposed doorway leads to a shower room in what is now the workshop range. The shower door is topped with a concrete lintel, and a straight joint to the stonework to its north indicates that the opening was originally larger. To the north of the living room the ground floor is occupied by the stair hall and drying room (Plate 13). The rooms feature flagstone floors and exposed stonework to the external walls. The staircase and the wall between the two rooms are both of modern construction. The wall dividing the two rooms from the offices to the north is constructed from gritstone blocks at ground floor level, and breeze blocks to the first floor (Plate 14). The stone wall does not appear to be keyed into the barn’s external walls. The northern end of the barn comprises offices in two interconnected rooms. The first room, accessed from the stair hall has a modern plaster ceiling and carpeted floor while the walls are bare stonework (Plate 15). The second room is accessed from the first via a set of steps due to the change in level. The room is decorated similarly to the first but has two blocked windows in the internal wall dividing the offices (Plate 16). The windows have large weathered oak lintels
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with redundant mortices and peg holes indicating their reuse from an earlier building. One of the windows is blocked with bricks whilst the other is blocked with stone. The barn’s first floor contains a meeting room/kitchen over the living room and dormitories over the offices. All the rooms extend into the roof space. The meeting room, over the barn’s threshing bay, is treated similarly to the rest of the building (Plate 17). The stone of the external walls has been left exposed and the internal walls consist of exposed breeze block. The floor is carpeted and the staircase is surrounded by a glazed partition. The roof is largely obscured by modern pine cladding and is lit by modern skylights. However, the room also contains two exposed roof trusses that appear to be original to the barn. Both trusses are constructed of oak, and consist of large tie beams supporting coupled principal rafters with small scantling struts (Plate 18). The principal rafters carry modern softwood purlins and a modern ridgepiece, although the old mortices suggest there were originally trenched purlins. Given the modern purlins and the modern construction of the roof in the south end of the barn, it is likely that the common rafters are also of modern construction. The northern truss has principal rafters that appear to have been new when placed, however the large cambered tie beam shows signs of reuse, this includes inconsistent carpenters’ marks, a mortise for a king post which is not reciprocated, and a mortise for a principal rafter in a different position to the present (Plate 19). The southern truss’s tie beam also appears to be reused, as evidenced by the mortice for a passing brace with no reciprocal mortice in the rafter (Plate 20). One of the principal rafters also appears to be reused, featuring a more irregular shape and redundant peg holes. The dormitories above the offices feature exposed stone walls and a roof ceiled with modern pine cladding (Plates 21‐22). The roof is carried by modern purlins which are in turn supported by the internal walls of the building rather than timber trusses. The dormitories are otherwise unremarkable. The interior of the workshop range consists of a large open space with a few modern breeze‐ block subdivisions to create small workshops and store rooms. The external walls are built principally of stone; however, the gabled end elevation has an interior leaf of breeze block (Plates 23‐24). The range has a concrete floor with raised sides, and the roof is supported by angle‐steel trusses, probably dating to the early to mid‐20th century.
7.2 Padley Chapel Shelter The Padley Chapel shelter is a small open sided shelter situated over the archaeological remains of the medieval Padley Hall. It was constructed in the 1970s as a shelter for the masses conducted during the annual Roman Catholic pilgrimage to the site. The shelter occupies a position on the southeast side of the house’s former courtyard, over the footings of the eastern wing of the hall (Plate 25). The shelter consists of a pitched roof resting on two stone‐clad columns built for the purpose, and a pre‐existing stone wall forming the edge of an enclosure to the east of the ruins (Plate 26). The upper course of the wall below the roof is mortared, but the wall is otherwise of drystone construction. The roof is supported at the open west end by a king post truss, whilst the rear of the roof structure is obscured by pine cladding. As the structure is open sided, the slender wall plates are only supported at either end and are deflecting in the centre (Plate 27).
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The shelter covers the footings of two of the walls of the former great house, and contains a raised stone floor contemporary with the shelter. A bench constructed along the east and northeast edges of the shelter is faced with randomly placed fragments of moulded stonework from the former house (Plate 28). A large slab placed horizontally and protruding out across the wall in the southwest corner also appears to have been reused from the ruins of the hall. It has been interpreted as the base of an oriel window, and appears to be used as a table (Plate 27).
8 CONCLUSIONS AND ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
8.1 Brunt’s Barn 8.1.1 Summary The original form and function of Brunt’s Barn is fairly clear; however, due to an extensive conversion and restoration in the late 20th century, as well as the inherent lack of diagnostic features present in agricultural buildings, there is little evidence for the date of the building. The barn was originally built as a combination threshing barn and cow house as a part of what became Padley Manor Farm. This is evidenced by the form of the building. The southern half of the building has a central threshing bay with two large opposing openings to provide a through draft for threshing and winnowing, as well as access for wagons. Either side of this are two windowless storage bays that would have been used for storing unprocessed grain. The northern half of the barn contains two sets of small cow houses built over two phases. The cow houses are evidenced by the pattern of openings to the yard elevation; there is no surviving internal evidence of their form or function. Cow houses typically contained a short wide doorway for access, as well as low windows for ventilation and ‘mucking out’. These are usually accompanied by a first‐floor window for loading hay into a hayloft above, as seen in Brunt’s Barn. The cow house adjacent to the barn appears to be part of the original phase of construction, as there are no straight joints separating it from the rest of the building. The position of the openings and the half‐height internal wall would suggest that the cow house was built as such and segregated from the rest of the barn at ground floor level, and had a hay loft opening in to the barn at first floor level. The northern cow house appears to be an extension, as evidenced by the straight joint and quoins on the southeast elevation and the external windows within the modern office. There is very little evidence to distinguish the date of the northern extension. The surviving fabric of the building is similar throughout the building and any diagnostic features have been stripped out. The barn was shown at its current length on a map surveyed c.1810, which suggests that the earlier part of the barn is at least of 18th‐century date. Stylistically, there is little evidence for the date of the building, and the late 20th century alterations have left little evidence for date or function. The use of reused timber in the roof, as well as deep section principal rafters is suggestive of a date between the late 17th and mid‐18th century. After this date it is more likely that a king post truss would be used, as well as Baltic softwood. The most likely scenario is that the barn was constructed either in the mid‐17th century when Padley Hall was repurposed as a farm – making use of reclaimed stone and timber – or that it was built in the mid‐18th century, around the same time as Padley Manor Farmhouse, as part of a modernisation of the farm. The latter is more likely.
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8.1.2 Setting The barn is located to the south of the Padley Manor gatehouse, and these buildings form the north and east sides of a former farmyard associated with Padley Manor Farm. The farmhouse is located further to the east, now in separate ownership. The farmyard was established in its current form by the time of the earliest available maps in the early 19th century, and may have been created in the 17th century when the hall was repurposed as a farm. It is possible that the farmyard also occupies an outer court area associated with the medieval hall. The western side of the yard is now mostly open, but a wall and small outbuildings were shown in this location on historic mapping. The remains of early 20th‐century pig sties survive at the southwest corner of the yard, and there is a stone post and some rubble in the area of one of the buildings at the western corner of the yard. A private access lane runs east‐west through the farmyard, between the barn and the chapel, providing access to modern houses further to the northwest. The barn contributes to the history of the post‐medieval development of Padley Hall, and its conversion into a farm, with the contrasting styles of the buildings illustrating the differences in date and original function (Plate 31). The provision of some interpretation material within the farmyard could increase the understanding of this connection for walkers passing along this popular route. The barn also has an historic connection with Padley Manor Farmhouse to the east, probably built at around the same time as part of the modernising of the farm in the 18th century. These buildings are physically quite separated, and although the barn is visible in views from the gate to the farmhouse (Plate 32), it is lower down and partly obscured by the modern workshop extension, which dominates the views to the barn from the east. The main views of the barn are local and close‐up, from close to the entrance of the yard or within the yard. 8.1.3 Significance The NPPF defines significance as ‘the value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest’. Such interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic’ and it may derive ‘not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting’. Archaeological interest is derived from evidence, or potential evidence of past human activity. Although the barn dates to at least the mid‐18th century, much of the barn’s interior was stripped out in the 1980s or earlier, leaving little evidence of its original form or function. The barn has limited archaeological interest, concentrated in the original surviving fabric, and particularly in the surviving roof trusses, which may be re‐used from an earlier building. Further evidence for the barn’s date and function may be hidden under modern floor surfaces, particularly in the living room/former threshing bay, and in the offices where it is possible that features relating to the original layout of the cow houses may survive. Architectural or artistic interest is derived from the design and aesthetics of a place, whether it is conspicuously designed or from fortuitous evolution. Brunt’s Barn has moderate architectural interest arising from the its attractive traditional form in a rural setting and its association with the former Padley Hall. Its architectural interest is harmed by its modern interior conversion, the concrete lintels above most of the openings, the clunky glazing in the threshing door and the form of the modern skylights, and there is an opportunity to achieve enhancement here.
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 20
Historic Interest derives from past lives and events and can be associated with, or be illustrative of past lives and events. These can be nationally important or provide meaning for communities based on their collective experience of a place. Brunt’s Barn as an individual structure has modest historic significance, although taken together with Padley Chapel, the former medieval hall and the 18th‐century farmhouse, it is illustrative of the evolution of a seigneurial medieval house and farm to a later tenant farmstead. Although the alterations to the barn’s interior mean that many of its historic features have been lost, the likely 18th‐century date of the building adds to its significance in a Peak District context (Lake and Edwards 2017, 18). Its significance is also enhanced by its association with the post‐ medieval re‐development of Padley Hall, as well as the potential for buried archaeological remains associated with the Scheduled remains of the medieval hall. It is therefore considered to be of regional significance for its surviving original fabric, its contribution to the history of the development of Padley Hall and the later farm, and its contribution to the setting of the Hall and Chapel, the Upper Padley Conservation Area and the Peak District National Park landscape.
8.2 Padley Chapel Shelter Having been built in the 1970s, the Padley Chapel Shelter is relatively modern and is crudely built. As such it has no archaeological, artistic or architectural interest, although the medieval architectural fragments contained within it retain architectural and historic interest due to their craftmanship and association with Padley Hall. The shelter was built to serve the annual Catholic pilgrimage to the site of the Padley Martyrs and therefore will have communal historic significance to the Catholic community who peregrinate to the site. Overall the shelter has minimal significance, gained only from its historical interest within the Roman Catholic community. The form of the canopy is not particularly sympathetic to the medieval fabric of the chapel/gatehouse and has a negative visual impact on views across the site, obscuring part of the chapel in views from the north. It also obscures some of the footings and historical layout of the walls of the eastern wing.
9 IMPACT OF THE PROPSALS A concept design has been produced by the 170 (Infrastructure Support) Engineer Group of the British Army, as an outline plan for updating Brunt’s Barn (Figures 19‐20). The plan was created in order to bring the volunteer accommodation into line with the national safeguarding guidelines. The plans involve relocating the staff offices from the barn to the workshop range and converting the current staff offices into volunteer accommodation, while updating the existing first floor accommodation. The storage room at the southwest end of the barn will be brought into use as a meeting room and interpretation space, to be shared with Padley Chapel. The sharing of facilities and staff will enable the chapel to open to the public on a more regular basis. No major reorganisation of space in the original part of the barn is foreseen in the concept plan, with all original partitions and openings remaining and no new additions to the existing buildings. In order to carry out the alterations, the concept plan identifies that the modern internal partitions will be demolished and replaced, and that the staircase will be replaced. Further partitions will be inserted into the former offices and volunteer accommodation in order to provide self‐contained dormitories. In addition, for the storage room in the end of the barn to be
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 21
converted to a meeting room, a suspended timber floor will be inserted. The plans also propose the insulation of the existing roof and first floor. The plans do not include any alterations to the outside of the building, the existing openings, or any of the historic fabric of the building, with the only demolition work being to modern partitions and structures. The most significant change will be to bring the storage room – the only unconverted part of the barn – into use. This conversion introduces no new openings and features only the insertion of a floor and the replacement of the glazing on the ventilation holes. Overall the proposed works will have no impact on the significance of the building, providing the original fabric of the building is not altered. There is a slight potential for the works to impact on buried archaeological remains within the footprint of the barn, particularly within the earth‐floored storage area at the south end of the building. In this location, works to insert a suspended floor could involve limited disturbance to the existing surface, although at present the extent of impact is unclear. It is also not known whether any sub‐surface disturbance is planned around the barn, such as in association with improvements to service provision (cable or pipe trenches). If such works are undertaken, there is the potential to impact on deposits associated with the post‐medieval farmyard and potential medieval outer court area. The works on the barn could provide the opportunity for archaeological investigations to increase the understanding of past uses of this yard area. The plans for replacing the shelter at Padley Chapel are not finalised, but it is proposed to demolish the current structure and perhaps replace it with a removable canopy that can be used during the annual pilgrimage mass. It is not clear whether this will involve removing the stone bench containing the moulded medieval masonry fragments, and the modern flagged stone floor, or whether the underlying walls of the eastern wing will be re‐exposed. If the moulded masonry bench is disassembled, provision will need to be made for secure storage of the fragments.
10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ArcHeritage would like to thank Anna Badcock, Rachel Mora‐Bannon and Tom Lewis of the Peak District National Park Authority, for information and arranging access to the site. We would also like to thank Tom Garrud of the Hallam Diocese for information and allowing access to the shelter.
11 BIBLIOGRAPHY Publications Bailey, M. 2002. The English Manor, c.1200‐c.1500. Manchester University Press: Manchester. Bell, S. 2003. Archaeological Field Evaluation at Padley Chapel, Grindleford, Derbyshire. Unpublished ARCUS report 725.1. Cox, J.C. 1877. Notes on the Churches of Derbyshire. Vol.II. Palmer and Edwards: Chesterfield. Craven, M. and Stanley, M. 2001. The Derbyshire Country House. Volume 2. Landmark Publishing: Ashbourne. Emery, A. 2000. Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300‐1500. Vol.II. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
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Hadfield, C.M. 1934. ‘Notes on the Architectural History of Padley Hall, Derbyshire.’ Transactions of the Hunter Archaeological Society 4:3, 263‐267. Hart, C.R. 1981. The North Derbyshire Archaeological Survey to AD 1500. North Derbyshire Archaeological Trust: Chesterfield. Historic England. 2017. The Setting of Heritage Assets. Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning: 3. Historic England. Historic England. 2019. Statements of Heritage Significance: Analysing Significance in Heritage Assets. Historic England Advice Note 12. Historic England: Swindon. Jacques, A. 1998. ‘A Pilgrimage to Padley’. Peak and Pennine Magazine. Jewitt, L. 1874. ‘The Church Bells of Derbyshire.’ The Reliquary 14, 103‐110. McCormack, G. 2011. Geophysical Survey at Padley Chapel, Derbyshire. Unpublished ArcHeritage report. Meredith, R. 1970. ‘The Sale of the Hathersage Estates in the 1650s.’ Derbyshire Archaeological Journal 90, 32‐55. Pritchard, H., May, R. and Payne, S. .2011. Padley Hall and Chapel, Grindleford, Derbyshire: Conservation Management Plan. Unpublished ArcHeritage report 2010/84. Wiltshire, M. and Woore, S. 2009. Medieval Parks of Derbyshire. Landmark Publishing: Ashbourne. Documents
[References from online catalogue searches. Sources marked * could not be consulted for this report.]
Archive source abbreviations: BA: Barnsley Archives; DRO: Derbyshire Record Office; NA: National Archives (Kew); Notts A: Nottinghamshire Archives; SA: Sheffield Archives. 1617 Forcible entry and assaults on plaintiff Adam Eyre’s servants in the manor‐house of Padley by Frances Daken and others (NA STAC 8/136/16)* 1657 Manors of Hathersage, Over Padley and Nether Padley: Bargain and sale, from William Fitzherbert of Norbury et al. to Rowland Morewood and Edward Pegge (BA SpSt/100/21)* 1657 Quitclaim: manor Over Padley (Rowland Morewood & Edward Pegge) (BA SpSt/100/23)* 1683 Copy of the will of Robert Ashton of Stony Middleton (BA SpSt/104/1)* 1660‐1699 Abstract of title to Ashton estates in Hathersage, Aston, Brough, Castleton, Padley, Haywood, Grindleford Bridge, Stony Middleton, Eyam and Foolow [summarises indentures of release dated 1659 (Pegge to Ashton) and 1671 (Morewood to Ashton)] (BA SpSt/97) c.1700 Survey and valuation of Padley and Snitterton, Derbyshire, with memos as to state, coal, etc. Portland of Welbeck Collection. (Notts A DD/4P/SS/46)* [Note: it is uncertain whether this relates to Upper Padley] 1715 Manor of Upper Padley: mortgage by demise (Benjamin Ashton & William Spencer) (BA SpSt/107/2)
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1749 Schedule of John Spencer’s title to estates in Hathersage, Aston, Padley, etc., late the estate of Benjamin Ashton. (BA SpSt/98 and 99) 1749 Mortgage and Schedule of Premises: the Manor of Upper Padley (William & John Spencer to Elizabeth Parkin); schedule of premises attached (BA SpSt/270) c.1775 Particulars of Padley lands (BA SpSt/60670/2) 1800 William Gell plan. From a bound manuscript, 'Stemmata Gelliana' by Sir William Gell, containing pedigrees of the Gells and related families, 1830. Includes pages xii/1: Drawings of the interior and south view of the gallery at Padley Manor in 1800; xii/2: drawing of the north view of the Gallery, 1800 and ground plans of Highlow Hall and Padley Manor (DRO D258/55/1) 1810 Numerical survey of Hathersage with sketches, lists of proprietors, tenants, number and name of parcel, to accompany plan FC/P/Hath/7S (SA FC MB 238) 1826 notes on Padley Hall, from manuscript on the Manor of Bamford. (SA Bag C/3363/14) Historic maps and plans 1810 Hathersage enclosure map: Upper Padley, no.7 of Hathersage and Derwent old inclosures (SA FC/P/Hath/7S) 1840 William Fairbank plan of the Upper Padley estate of J.A.S. Shuttleworth (SA FC/P/Hath/ 69S) 1880, 1898 and 1922 25 inch: 1 mile Ordnance Survey maps 1934 H.E. Allen painting of Padley Chapel 1955 1: 10,560 Ordnance Survey map 1971 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 24
PLATES
Plate 1: Overview of Brunt’s Barn from the east
Plate 2: Northwest elevation
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 25
Plate 3: North end of northwest elevation
Plate 4: Southwest elevation of the barn range
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 26
Plate 5: Northeast elevation of the barn
Plate 6: Southeast elevation of the barn
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 27
Plate 7: Southeast elevation of workshop range
Plate 8: Northeast elevation of workshop range
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 28
Plate 9: Southwest elevation of workshop range
Plate 10: Southern room in Brunt’s Barn, facing southeast
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 29
Plate 11: Roof in south room of Brunt’s Barn, facing southeast
Plate 12: Ground floor living room and former threshing bay in Brunt’s Barn, facing southwest
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 30
Plate 13: Stair hall with drying room to rear, facing northeast
Plate 14: Dividing wall between stair hall and offices with blockwork to the first floor and stonework to the ground floor, facing northwest
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 31
Plate 15: Ground floor office in Brunt’s barn, facing north
Plate 16: Ground floor office in Brunt’s Barn, facing southeast
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 32
Plate 17: First floor meeting room in Brunt’s Barn, facing southwest
Plate 18: Northern truss in Brunt’s Barn meeting room, facing northeast
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Plate 19: Large redundant mortice in the north tie beam in Brunt’s Barn’s meeting room, facing northwest
Plate 20: Southern truss in Brunt’s Barn meeting room, facing southwest
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 34
Plate 21: Southern dormitory in Brunt’s Barn, facing northeast
Plate 22: Northern dormitory in Brunt’s Barn, facing northeast
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 35
Plate 23: Workshop range, facing northwest
Plate 24: Workshop range, facing southeast
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 36
Plate 25: Padley Chapel Shelter situated within the remains of Padley Hall. The extant gatehouse, now a chapel, stands in the background, facing southwest
Plate 26: Padley Chapel Shelter, facing east
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 37
Plate 27: Deflecting wall plate in Padley Chapel Shelter. (N.b. The effect is reduced by lens distortion.) Facing southwest
Plate 28: Fragments of decorative medieval stonework embedded in the Padley Chapel shelter bench, facing southeast
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 38
Plate 29: Hardstanding adjacent to northwest elevation, facing east
Plate 30: Early 20th‐century pigsties against northwest elevation, viewed facing south
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 39
Plate 31: Juxtaposition of the barn and chapel/gatehouse and trackway, facing southeast
Plate 32: View west towards the barn (to the rear) from Padley Manor Farmhouse (right)
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 40
FIGURES
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 ArcHeritage Figure 1: Site loca on 8
7
2 6 1 3 4 9 11
10 5
12
OS Mastermap data © Crown Copyright 2011. All rights reserved. Licence no. 100018343.
Figure 2: Site loca on with recorded heritage assets ArcHeritage Figure 3: William Gell’s schema c plan of Padley Manor, 1800 ArcHeritage Figure 4: William Gell’s Illustra on of Padley Chapel, 1800 ArcHeritage Upper Rough Wood
Homestead Cripple Nether Rough Gap Wood Li le Pennyhill Crangle North Bolehill Piece Bolehill Great Coppice Robin Cro Close Pennyhill Wood Yeld Cote Sitch Wood Robin Cro Coppice Horse Nether Bolehill Wood Paddock
Yeld Yeld Cote Cote Sitch Wood Wood End Upper Yeld Sitch Tenter Yard Nether Side Bole Hill Upper Yeld Upper Roundhills Nether Orchard Orchard Cro
Nether Corn mill, dam & waste Wainhouse Yard Yeld Honey Spot Meadow Homestead & garden
Brunt’s Barn Gregory Meadow Nether Great Spring Yeld Cleave Lands
Fat Pasture Far Field Square Close The Winses Far Old Park Near Old Park Li le Far Field Stack Close Water Leys Rushy Field Field names from FC/MB/238 Old Wheel & Wood Rushy Field Highlighted in yellow: Far Field Lands in tenancy of Francis Barber (1810) (FC/Hath/7S, © Sheffield Archives) Mill Bank Holm Li le Spring
Figure 5: 1810 plan of old enclosures at Upper Padley ArcHeritage FC/Hath/69S © Sheffield Archives
Brunt’s Barn
Figure 6: 1840 plan of the Upper Padley estate ArcHeritage ArcHeritage Figure 7: R. Keene’s photo of Padley Chapel, 1858 Brunt’s Barn
Figure 8: 1880 OS map ArcHeritage Brunt’s Barn
Figure 9: 1898 OS map ArcHeritage Brunt’s Barn
ArcHeritage Figure 10: 1922 OS map ArcHeritage Figure 11: H.E. Allen’s pain ng of Padley Chapel, 1936 Brunt’s Barn
Figure 12: 1955 OS map ArcHeritage Brunt’s Barn
Figure 13: 1971 OS map ArcHeritage ArcHeritage Figure 14: Garre Sweeney’s photo of Padley Chapel, 1978 Reproduced from McCormack 2011
424658/378962 Padley Chapel/Gatehouse 2
Bungalow
6 1 4 5
3
424708/378927
Brunt’s Barn
Survey Area
Road/Path
Not Surveyed 0 10 20 Metres Figure 15: Loca on of geophysical survey grids ArcHeritage Reproduced from McCormack 2011
+47.8 Ω
424660/378959
2 +0.0 Ω BRUNT’S BARN BRUNT’S
1 -45.0 Ω Not surveyed
1 Survey area
Road surface
Pit feature
Linear feature A 424660/378959 Linear feature B
Other linears
0 510 Metres
Figure 16: Geophysical survey interpreta on ArcHeritage Former threshing door
Threshing bay/living room Cow house/office Cow house/office
Workshop range
0 5m
Figure 17: Brunt's Barn, ground floor plan ArcHeri tage Meeting room and kitchen Dormitories Dormitories
0 5m
Figure 18: Brunt's Barn, first floor plan ArcHeri tage ASSOCIATED DRAWINGS N CONCEPT No. TITLE 62/43183/01/... G/001 EXISTING SITE PLAN C/001 EXISTING GROUND FLOOR PLAN (BARN) C/002 EXISTING GROUND FLOOR PLAN (EXTENSION) TIMBER STUD PARTITION WALLS ARE TO BE C/003 EXISTING FIRST FLOOR PLAN (BARN) C/005 PROPOSED GROUND FLOOR PLAN (EXTENSION) MADE UP OF 63 x38 mm THICK CLS TIMBER C/006 PROPOSED FIRST FLOOR PLAN (BARN) STUD (SER 1) INSULATION (SER 3/4/5/7/11) C/007 PROPOSED CUT A-A INTERNAL DOUBLE FIRE DOORS AND 12.5 mm THICK FIRE RESISTANT WALL C/008 PROPOSED CUT B-B & C-C TO FIT EXISTING OPENING (SER 16) LINING (SER 2) FIXED EITHER SIDE OF STUD NOTES AND PLASTERBOARD TO BE TAPED SUSPENDED TIMBER FLOOR EXTERNAL FIRE DOOR A FLOOR TO CEILING HEIGHT 1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES. AND JOINTED AND PAINT FINISH LEVELLED TO LOUNGE AREA C SEE (SER 14) TAMPERPROOF CAGE OVER A EXISTING FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL BOILER (SER 15) 2. DIMENSIONS ARE NOT TO BE SCALED FROM THIS SEE DWG 62/43183/01/C/008 DRAWING. W1 STEP W2 W3 W4 3. THIS DRAWING IS CONCEPT ONLY AND NOT FOR
233 CONSTRUCTION. 1 2 4560 6496 1044 3216 1068 3057 1 BED 2100 1 BED 4. ALL DOORWAY SIZES ARE TO WALL CLEAR DRYING ROOM BUNK 1 BUNK 3 OPENINGS NOT DOOR FRAME.
2340 2399 1890 1870 1866 BB1914 2063 1638 2 BED 747 2063 2 BED 2976 5. ALL DOORS ARE FD30S RATED IN ACCORDANCE LOUNGE WITH APPROVED DOCUMENT B. MEETING ROOM 123 AREA 12 FLOOR FINISH TO BE DORMITORY 1 DORMITORY 2 500 x 500 mm CONTRACT 6. THIS DRAWING PACK SHOULD BE READ IN
LOBBY 904904 851 1000
866 1000 5044 EXISTING LOAD BEARING 5050 1980 CARPET TILES CONJUNCTION WITH THE COSTED STORES LIST AT BLOCKWORK COLUMN
1858 4 5 (SER 9 & 10) APPENDIX 2 TO ANNEX F. POTENTIALLY SUPPORTING 3 6 2535 3213 2 7 LOUNGE AREA TIMBER
STEP 3255 1 8 SUSPENDED FLOOR BUNK WC BUNK WC
870 9 1 BED 1877
1981
1975 2051 1 BED 2 4 SER DESCRIPTION AUTH DATE 6560 1677 1482 1686 883 2068 1775 1764 2339 AMENDMENTS C MEETING ROOM W6 W5 CUPBOARD SINGLE INTERNAL WILL BE UTILISED EXISTING TIMBER STAIRCASE A FIRE DOOR BY PADLEY CHAPEL TO BE REPLACED WITH 3000 mm EX MALTESE (SER 14) HIGH METAL SPIRAL STAIRCASE KITCHENETTE 450 mm THICK STONE BY DIO-MET IN ACCORDANCE ROOM AREAS WALL TO HAVE EXISTING WITH APPROVED DOCUMENT B2 ATIMBRAN 18 MORTAR REPOINTED IN & MANUFACTURERS GUIDELINES MEETING ROOM 37.7 m² BRUNT'S BARN A MATCHING COLOUR STORE WC (SER 73) LOUNGE AREA 24.5 m² DRYING ROOM 6.5 m² W11 LOBBY 9.4 m² DORMITORY 1 22.6 m² BUNK 1 6 m² PROPOSED OFFICE BUNK 2 3.6 m² WC 5 m² GROUND FLOOR PLAN DORMITORY 2 21.2 m² BUNK 3 5.5 m² (BARN) BUNK 4 3.4 m²
NO ACCESS DUE TO TRAINLINE WC 4.4 m² W10 DRAWING No/CAD FILE 62/43183/01/C/004 WORKSHOP KEY OPEN AREA
SCALE: DATE: STORE 1:100 28 FEB 19 W9
524 STRE (WKS) 62 WKS GP RE CHETWYND BARRACKS 524 STRE (WKS) CHILWELL NOTTINGHAM NG9 5HA
PROJECT MANAGER: APPROVED OFFICE MAJ R ELLIOTT RE W8 LEGEND DTO: APPROVED WORKSHOP SYMBOL DESCRIPTION CAPT K MASSIE RE STONEWALL GE: DATE SIG. CAPT K MASSIE RE EXISTING BLOCKWORK CLERK OF WORKS: DATE SIG. PROPOSED TIMBER SSGT D RICHMOND
W7 FRAME WALL DRAWN BY: CHECKED SIG. W# WINDOW NUMBER CPL K DUDDRIDGE SERIAL NUMBER IN SURVEYED: CHECKED SIG. A3 CONCEPT SER# COSTED STORES LIST N/ADRAFT ArcHeritage Figure 19: Brunt’s Barn, proposed ground floor plan N ASSOCIATED DRAWINGS CONCEPT No. TITLE 62/43183/01/... G/001 EXISTING SITE PLAN EXISITING 100 mm THICK EXISTING 100 mm THICK CONCRETE C/001 EXISTING GROUND FLOOR PLAN (BARN) CONCRETE BLOCK WALL BUILT C/002 EXISTING GROUND FLOOR PLAN (EXTENSION) BLOCKWALL BUILT ON TOP OF EXISTING C/003 EXISTING FIRST FLOOR PLAN (BARN) UP FROM GROUND FLOOR LEVEL C STONE WALL FROM FIRST FLOOR C/004 PROPOSED GROUND FLOOR PLAN (BARN)
WH A C/005 PROPOSED GROUND FLOOR PLAN (EXTENSION) W12 C/006 PROPOSED CUT A-A W13 C/007 PROPOSED CUT B-B & C-C NOTES 1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES. 8304 4492 4352 600 x 1800 x 6.5 mm THICK FIRE 1 BED 1 BED RESISTANT GLASS PANE COMPLETE BUNK 5 2. DIMENSIONS ARE NOT TO BE SCALED FROM THIS
WI-FI 1779 WITH REBATED TIMBER FRAME 1791 BUNK 7 DRAWING.
B W15 DINING AREA AREA
FIXED TO EXISTING BLOCK WALL 1 BED 1973
B 1846 1 BED 3. THIS DRAWING IS CONCEPT ONLY AND NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION. 1 2 3 4453 4386 MEETING ROOM 824
4971 DORMITORY 3
1000 DORMITORY 4 4. ALL DOORWAY SIZES ARE TO WALL CLEAR PDA103S HEARING LOOP OR 1000 OPENINGS NOT DOOR FRAME. SIMILAR TO BE INSTALLED WITHIN 4 5 6 2145 2193 2141 2169 THE KITCHEN / DINING AREA KITCHEN AREA 7 7 5. ALL DOORS ARE FD30S RATED IN ACCORDANCE (SER 70) W14 6 8 WC BUNK 8 5 WITH APPROVED DOCUMENT B. 2118 9 BUNK 6 WC 4 10 3
2096 6. THIS DRAWING PACK SHOULD BE READ IN 11 2326 1 BED 2260 2 1 BED 1845 1 CONJUNCTION WITH THE COSTED STORES LIST C AT APPENDIX 2 TO ANNEX F.
MEETING ROOM WILL BE FLOOR FINISH TO BE 500 x 500 mm CONTRACT UTILISED BY PADLEY CHAPEL SER DESCRIPTION AUTH DATE CARPET TILES (SER 26 & 27) A AMENDMENTS 900 mm HIGH x 600 mm DEEP KITCHEN WORK TOP (SER 57-64) TIMBER STUD PARTITION EXISTING TIMBER STAIRCASE WALLS ARE TO BE MADE EX MALTESE ENCLOSURE TREATED WITH UP OF 63 x38 mm THICK 30 MIN FIRE RATED PAINT CLS TIMBER STUD (SER 1) ATIMBRAN 18 (SER 72) INSULATION (SER 3/4/5/11) ROOM AREAS EXISTING TIMBER STAIRCASE AND 12.5 mm THICK FIRE KITCHEN AREA 10 m² BRUNT'S BARN TO BE REPLACED WITH 3000 mm RESISTANT WALL LINING DINING AREA 15 m² HIGH METAL SPIRAL STAIRCASE (SER 2) FIXED EITHER WI-FI AREA 6.4 m² BY DIO-MET IN ACCORDANCE SIDE OF STUD AND DORMITORY 3 23.5 m² WITH APPROVED DOCUMENT B2 PLASTERBOARD TO BE BUNK 5 8.1 m² TAPED AND JOINTED AND PROPOSED & MANUFACTURERS GUIDELINES BUNK 6 4.9 m² PAINT FINISH (SER 11) (SER 73) WC 5 m² FIRST FLOOR PLAN DORMITORY 4 22.2 m² EXTENSION BUNK 7 8.2 m² (BARN) ROOF BUNK 8 4.2 m² WC 4.4 m² DRAWING No/CAD FILE KEY 62/43183/01/C/006
SCALE: DATE: 1:100 28 FEB 19
524 STRE (WKS) 62 WKS GP RE CHETWYND BARRACKS 524 STRE (WKS) CHILWELL NOTTINGHAM NG9 5HA
PROJECT MANAGER: APPROVED
MAJ R ELLIOTT RE LEGEND DTO: APPROVED SYMBOL DESCRIPTION CAPT K MASSIE RE STONEWALL GE: DATE SIG. CAPT K MASSIE RE EXISTING BLOCKWORK CLERK OF WORKS: DATE SIG. PROPOSED TIMBER SSGT D RICHMOND FRAME WALL DRAWN BY: CHECKED SIG. W# WINDOW NUMBER CPL K DUDDRIDGE SERIAL NUMBER IN SURVEYED: CHECKED SIG. A3 CONCEPT SER# COSTED STORES LIST N/ADRAFT ArcHeritage Figure 20: Brunt’s Barn, proposed first floor plan 41
APPENDIX 1: GAZETTEER OF RECORDED HERITAGE ASSETS UID Source ref Name Summary NGR 1 MDR3927; Padley Chapel, A medieval gatehouse containing a SK 2467 7895 NHLE Upper Padley, private chapel for Padley Manor, 1335033 Grindleford originally formed the southeast range of the manor house and is of probable 14th‐ to 15th‐century date. This was the only element retained when the great house was demolished. It was subsequently used as a barn and shippon attached to a farm, but from 1932 it has been used as a chapel. Grade I listed. 2 MDR6811; Padley Hall Padley Manor House was a SK 2471 7899 NHLE medieval great quadrangular building, built probably in 1017587 house, Upper the 15th century on the site of an Padley earlier hall. The south range (gatehouse and offices) survives as Padley Chapel, the rest was demolished to floor level in some places, but with greater survival of the walls of the west wing (kitchens). The north wing was the main hall, with the east wing probably being accommodation. Scheduled Monument. 3 MDR23154 Two post holes During an evaluation for a potential SK 2463 7896 found in evaluation toilet block for Padley Chapel, two sub‐ at Padley Chapel, rectangular features interpreted as Grindleford post holes for large stone gateposts were found. These had probably been removed in the 20th century. All finds were late post‐medieval in date. 4 MDR19228; Padley Manor Farm, Grade II listed farm, with partially SK 24742 78921 NHLE Upper Padley, extant 18th‐century farmstead. The 1311242 Grindleford farmhouse is set away from the yard. The farmstead is formed of a loose courtyard with three sides of the yard formed of agricultural buildings and additional detached elements. 5 MDR14264 Padley Medieval It is suggested that Robert Eyre SK 2470 7867 Deer Park, surrounded a deer park at Padley with Grindleford a wall sometime after 1499, and fishponds were reported to have been seen at the start of the 20th century. Later documents include the names Buck Car and Doe Croft for neighbouring fields, suggesting prolonged deer management. 6 MDR19229 Site of outfarm A demolished 19th‐century outfarm SK 2436 7895 west of Padley formed of a single isolated structure, Manor Farm, west of Padley Manor Farm. Grindleford
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UID Source ref Name Summary NGR 7 MDR3943 Possible early lead‐ The place‐name 'bole' refers to a SK 249 792 smelting site, Bole medieval or early post‐medieval lead‐ Hill, Grindleford smelting hearth. Bole furnaces were sited on the edge of outcrops to take advantage of the prevailing wind. The name is first recorded in 1598. No surface evidence for smelting survives in this area, which has been quarried. 8 MDR6812 Bole Hill millstone An extensive are of millstone quarries, SK 249 795 quarries mainly 19th‐ to 20th‐century in date. The quarry also provided stone for the Upper Derwent reservoirs during 1903‐ 1911, using a tramway system with a rope hauled incline, that connected to the railway south of Padley Chapel. 9 MDR7398; Padley Mill, Nether Grade II listed former corn mill, water‐ SK 2506 7887 NHLE Padley powered, renovated as a house. The 1109810 wheel pit has been retained.
10 MDR14750 Dore and Totley Ornate western portal of the Midland SK 2512 7880 Tunnel, Nether Railway's Dore and Totley Tunnel, Padley opened in 1893. It has this date and the initials 'MR' on the keystone above the apex of the arch. 11 MDR7451 Yarncliffe Wood hut An undated stone‐built circular hut SK 2518 7885 with a bank around the back and walls standing to 1.1m high. Unknown date. 12 MDR7414; Ringinglow to The Sheffield to Buxton toll road, from SK 1479 7565 MDR10622 Buxton turnpike Ringinglow, was set up in 1758. Later road, section modifications were made to sections of through Nether the route in 1795, 1810 and 1812. A Padley branch of the Sparrowpit Gate Road runs through Nether Padley.
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APPENDIX 2: LISTING & SCHEDULING DETAILS Padley Chapel
List entry number: 1335033 Grade I County: Derbyshire; District: Derbyshire Dales; Parish: Grindleford NGR: SK 24675 78952 Date first listed: 29‐Sep‐1951 Former gatehouse and chapel, now a Roman Catholic chapel. C14 and C15, with later alterations, formerly part of a quadrangular house, the foundations of which survive to the north east. Coursed squared gritstone, massive to south west elevation, on a low chamfered plinth, with quoins, decorated corbel table, massive projecting stack to south west wall, and a stone slated roof with cross finial to south east end. South west elevation; two storeys, four bays, with floor now removed from north west part. Off‐centre gateway with deeply chamfered shallow arched head and surround. C20 plank double doors. At north west end, a single doorway with chamfered lintel and surround, and a C20 plank door. Between doorways, a wide buttress rises steeply to first floor level, but disturbed masonry above suggests a rebuilding of what was formerly an external stack, of similar size to that which survives to the south east. Above the buttress, a small 2‐light mullioned window cut from a single stone, with lancet lights. Massive external stack, shouldered at eaves to the south east of the gateway. The south east end has a chamfered cross window to the first floor above a ground floor slit window with a chamfered surround. South east elevation has a 2‐light mullioned window with cusped pointed arched lights to the first floor, above a slit window with a chamfered surround, and access holes and stone perches for a former dovecote in the gable apex. North east elevation has 2‐light cross windows above 2‐light chamfer mullioned windows, either side of the gateway access to the former courtyard, with a shallow arched head and C20 plank doors. To south east of gateway, at first floor level, two former doorways, formerly served by an external stair, with four‐centred arched heads, now windows, with stained glass. Interior; double purlin roof with cambered tie beam trusses against gable walls and to the centre, the latter with partition studs above the tie beam, and mortices to the tie beam soffit for the former ground floor partition. The two intermediate trusses are arch braced, and have carved angels to the ends of their hammer beams. The wall posts have carved feet resting on moulded corbels. To the south east wall, an ogee‐headed aumbry to the south west of the window and a reset altarstone from the ruins of the adjacent manor house. Hearths survive at ground and first floor levels on the south west wall.
History: the building is used as a chapel to commemorate the martyrdom of Nicholas Garlic and Robert Ludlum, catholic priests, who were arrested at Padley Hall on 12 July 1588, and executed at St Marys Bridge, Derby on 24 July 1588. The Fitzherbert family of Padley Hall were subsequently persecuted, John Fitzherbert dying in the Tower of London in November 1590. Padley Manor Farmhouse List entry number: 1311242 Grade II County: Derbyshire; District: Derbyshire Dales; Parish: Grindleford NGR: SK 24742 78921 Date first listed: 19‐Feb‐1985 Farmhouse. Mid C18. Coursed rubble gritstone with quoins, plain eaves, inter‐ mediate and end ridge stacks, and stone slated roof. Two storeys, three bays with 2‐light flush mullioned windows and C20
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window frames. Two doorways with quoined surrounds, and shallow arches to undersides of flat lintels. Doorway to centre now blocked and remaining doorway with plain planked door. C20 single bay addition at south east end. Padley Hall medieval great house
List entry number: 1017587 County: Derbyshire; District: Derbyshire Dales; Parish: Grindleford NGR: SK 24713 78996 Date first scheduled: 29‐Jan‐1998 Reasons for designation Medieval great houses were the residences of high‐status non‐Royal households. They had domestic rather than military functions and show little or no sign of fortification, even of a purely cosmetic nature. Great houses share several of the characteristics of royal palaces, and in particular shared similar characteristics of size, sophistication, and decoration of the architecture. Great houses usually consist of a group of buildings, including a great hall, service rooms, one or more kitchens, several suites of chambers for the owners, the household and its guests, and a gatehouse. Other ancillary buildings are known to have been present but very rarely survive. Earlier examples typically comprised a collection of separate buildings, but through the 14th and 15th century there was increasing integration of the buildings into a few larger buildings. By the later medieval period, such complexes were commonly laid out around one or more formal courtyards; in the 16th century this would occasionally be contrived so that the elevations were symmetrical. Many great houses are still notable for the high quality of their architecture and for the opulence of their furnishings. Several examples contain substantially intact buildings, others consist of ruins or complexes of earthworks. Great houses are found throughout England, although there is a concentration in the south and Midlands. Further north, great houses were more heavily fortified, reflecting more unsettled political and social conditions, but their domestic purpose and status were still predominant. Fewer than 250 examples of great houses have been identified. As a rare monument class which provide an important insight into the lives of medieval aristocratic or gentry households, all examples will be nationally important. The remains of Padley Hall are important because the buildings were not significantly modified after the 14th century and retain evidence of an earlier structure. They offer considerable potential for understanding the development of a medieval manorial centre and its architecture. Additionally, the well preserved terraces will retain information on the gardens surrounding the medieval house. History
The monument includes the standing and buried remains of Padley Hall and an area of associated cultivation terraces to the immediate north of the hall, and stands at the foot of steeply sloping ground overlooking the River Derwent just over 1km north of Grindleford. The former gatehouse to the hall is used as a Roman Catholic Chapel and is excluded from the scheduling, although the ground beneath is included. The ruins of the hall, although in many areas little more than foundations, are preserved in good condition. Some of the surviving walls stand up to 1.3m high. There is clear evidence of a range of buildings covering an area of about 0.15ha arranged around the four sides of a small central courtyard. The buildings include the former gatehouse located on the south western side of the courtyard. The visible ranges of the hall date chiefly from the 14th century, although clearance of the area in the 1930s revealed that the last hall had been built on an earlier structure. The date of this earlier phase is unknown. After the demise of the hall in around 1650, masonry was robbed from the buildings to construct a farm and outbuildings close to the site. Some of the farm buildings, now used for other purposes, still survive to the south of the hall outside the area of protection.
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The former gatehouse is two stories high with a wooden interfloor and is a good example of a medieval building. The scheduling includes an area immediately west of this building where further remains of the hall are located. These are partially covered by turf and hillwash and their full extent remains unknown. Surviving remains extending to the track which cuts through this area are also included in the scheduling. There is evidence that the hall had a domestic chapel as an altar stone was found in the ruins of the north eastern part of the hall in 1933. The area of this discovery is now marked by an inscribed stone kerb. The last phase of the hall is likely to have been built for the Padley family after which it passed to the Eyres, another local aristocratic family. During the early 16th century the hall passed, through marriage, to Thomas Fitzherbert who died in the Tower of London in 1591, having been imprisoned for being a recusant. During his occupancy of the hall, financial constraints on Fitzherbert meant that no further building occurred. The hall is associated with two Catholic martyrs, Nicholas Garlick and Robert Ludlam, both priests seized at Padley in 1588 and executed in Derby. The hall once consisted of a great hall, a kitchen to the west of the range with a solar above, accessed by a spiral stairway, the foundations of which, measuring 1.5m in diameter are still visible. The remains of a large fireplace, about 3m wide and standing 1.5m high, is located in the kitchen area. There was also a parlour and other rooms, including the domestic chapel to the east. This range of rooms is less clearly understood at present, although the foundations of three rooms are clearly defined. The main entrance to the buildings was in the north west corner of the courtyard, the latter paved with coarse stone slabs. To the rear of the buildings is an area thought to be a small yard, similarly paved with stone slabs. To the west of the ruins is a small triangular piece of enclosed ground containing six stone pillars of unknown date, each about 0.7m high, and small areas of mainly turf‐covered foundations: some of the masonry in this area appears to be of similar type to that of the hall ruins. During the 1950s a small canopy was erected within the hall ruins. It is used for outdoor functions connected with the present chapel. The canopy comprises a tiled roof on a timber frame supported by a retaining wall to the east and two stone piers to the west. A low wall surrounds most of the area covered by the canopy, containing reused masonry from the hall. Similarly, a stone bench on the east side of the canopied areas contains various ornate carved fragments from the hall.
To the immediate north east of the ruins are two revetment walls of uncertain date, although their foundations are probably contemporary with the hall. These walls retain the sloping ground above. Between the hall and the revetment walls is a small enclosed area which may have been a private garden or yard area. To the north east of the revetment walls is a small paddock containing several platforms cut into the hillslope which are likely to be the remains of cultivation terraces associated with the hall. The terraces survive on good condition and one appears deeper than the rest, indicating that it may have been a small quarry, possibly providing some of the stone for the hall itself. Padley Chapel (the former gatehouse), all modern stone walls, gates and fences, the modern canopy and related features, including seating are excluded from the scheduling, although the ground beneath is included.
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APPENDIX 3: HISTORIC SCHEDULES OF THE ESTATE 1659 Indenture of lease and release (Humphrey & Edward Pegge to Robert Ashton) [spellings modernised] (copied in SpSt97)
‘All that moiety or half part of a capital messuage and manor in Over Padley in the County of Derby… with the moiety of all houses and outhouses etc. thereunto belonging, then in the tenure of Edward and Humphrey Pegge, Robert Brightmore, Margaret Champney, Thomas Heald, ?Richard Heald, John Greene etc. And also all that moiety of all those messuages farms and tenements called Harpur Lees, Keddle House, Keddle Wood, then in possession of Humphrey Sydall, Godfrey Sydall and George Cooper, and all that moiety of all those close and fields in Upper Padley called Padley Woods, The Full Rutten Croft, the Heald, the Coppy, and all that moiety of a messuage and croft in possession of John Green with appurtenances in Over Padley called Padley Smilting Mill in possession of Robert Ashton. And also several parcels of land in Over Padley called the Great Spring, the Little Spring, the Bent Meadows, the Wainhouse Yard, the Holmes, the Old Park, Elve Lands, the Orchard, the Heald, the Honey Spot Meadows, the Gorse Bank, the Oxhays, the Bolehill, the Little Harpur Lees, then in the possession of Rowland Swann, Nicholas Heald the elder and younger, etc. And also all that moiety of a mill with all appurtenances whatsoever in Over Padley and Nether Padley with all common of pasture and common right whatsoever of turbary etc., the getting of millstones and ways in and through all commonable plots, only excepted to the lord of the manor.’
1749 schedule accompanying mortgage to Elizabeth Parkin (SpSt/270): Manor of Upper Padley
Plot A R P Notes Houses barns & yard 2 1 20 In hand The Orchard 1 3 10 In hand The Croft 0 2 30 In hand Hall Pasture 13 1 0 In hand Great Spring 18 0 16 In hand Nether Spring 10 1 20 In hand Upper Spring 5 3 16 In hand The Mill Piece 2 In hand Little Park 5 1 In hand Old Park 7 In hand Gregory Meadow 2 1 In hand Honey Spot Meadow 10 0 20 In hand Cleave Lands Close 4 2 5 In hand Square Close 3 1 17 In hand Stack Close 3 1 30 In hand The Holmes 4 In hand Nether Holmes 3 3 20 In hand Upper Holmes 3 2 30 In hand Nether Heald 3 1 33 In hand Upper Heald 6 1 32 In hand Heald Cote Sitch 11 1 In hand Paddock 1 3 24 In hand Penny Hill 3 2 26 In hand Barn Close 2 1 5 In hand
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Plot A R P Notes Wood End 6 3 8 In hand Rough Wood End 13 2 In hand The Little ?Pine 1 2 15 In hand Robins Croft 5 2 15 In hand Near Wood End 6 2 20 In hand Great Bolehill 47 1 In hand Bolehill Close 3 In hand North Bole Hill 28 In hand North Bolehill Close 4 2 10 In hand The Copsey 12 1 0 In hand
A smilting mill In hand Windy Arse 13 2 20 Let to Nicholas Green Middle Piece 4 2 Let to Nicholas Green Little Spring Bank 2 1 Let to Nicholas Green A corn mill, house & Let to Adam Barton croft A smilting mill Let to Joshua Thornhill
1775 particulars of Padley lands (SpSt/60670/2):
Plot A R P Notes Corn mill Let to Adam Barton Windy Arse Piece 13 2 20 Let to Nicholas Green Middle Piece 4 2 Let to Nicholas Green Little Spring Bank 2 1 Let to Nicholas Green Great Spring 18 16 Proposed to be laid to the mill Over Spring 5 3 16 Proposed to be laid to the mill Nether Spring 10 1 20 Proposed to be laid to the mill Mill piece or Belland Yd 2 Proposed to be laid to the mill Little Park 5 1 Proposed to be laid to the mill Old Park 7 1 Proposed to be laid to the mill Gregory Meadow 2 1 Proposed to be laid to the mill The Holmes 4 Proposed to be laid to the mill Nether Holmes 3 3 20 Proposed to be laid to the mill A croft & house 2 30 Proposed to be laid to the mill House hold, orchard & yard 4 30 In hand Tall Pasture 13 1 In hand Honey Spot Meadow 10 20 In hand Cleave Land Close 4 2 5 In hand Square Close 3 1 17 In hand Stack Close 3 1 30 In hand Over Holmes 3 2 30 In hand Nether Heald 8 1 33 In hand Over Heald 6 1 32 In hand
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Plot A R P Notes Heald Cote Sitch 11 1 In hand The Paddock 1 3 24 In hand Penny Hill 3 2 24 In hand Barn Close 2 1 5 In hand Wood End 6 3 8 In hand Rough Wood End 13 2 In hand The Little Piece 1 2 15 In hand Robin's Croft 5 2 15 In hand Near Wood End 6 2 20 In hand Great Bole Hill 47 1 In hand Bolehill Close 3 In hand North Bolehills 28 In hand North Bolehill Close 4 2 10 In hand Copsey Wood 12 1 In hand
1810 schedule of old enclosures, Padley in Hathersage parish (FC/MB/238, relating to plan FC/Hath/7S)
Plot Name Use Landowner Tenant 1272 North Bolehill Field Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1273 North Bolehill Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1274 North Bolehill Coppice A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth 1275 North Bolehill Coppice A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth 1276 Far Wood Field Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1277 Far Wood Field Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1278 Nether Rough Wood Wood A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth 1279 Coppice Wood A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth 1280 Yeld Cote Sitch Wood Arable A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth 1281 Great Pennyhill Arable A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1282 Little Pennyhill Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1283 Homestead A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1284 Upper Rough Wood Wood A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth 1285 Cripple Gap Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1286 Crangle Piece Arable A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1287 Robin Croft Wood A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1288 Robin Croft Arable A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1289 Horse Paddock Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1290 Yeld Cote Sitch Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1291 Upper Yeld Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1292 Nether Yeld Arable A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1293 Nether Yeld Meadow A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1294 Upper Yeld A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley 1295 Yeld Cote Sitch Wood A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth
1296 Wood End A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth
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Plot Name Use Landowner Tenant
1297 Bolehill Close A.A. Shuttleworth Jarvis Hartley
1298 North Bolehill Coppice A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth 1299 Nether Bolehill Wood Wood A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth 1300 Roundhills Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1301 Little Wood Wood A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth 1302 Honey Spot Meadow Arable A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1303 Cleave Lands Meadow A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1304 Square Close Arable & meadow A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1305 Water Leys Arable A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1306 Stack Close Fallow A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1307 Far Old Park Arable and turnips A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1308 Gregory Meadow Meadow A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1309 Wainhouse Yard Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1310 Nether Orchard Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1311 Upper Orchard Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1312 Homestead and garden A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1313 Croft A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1314 Nether Side Bole Hill Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1315 Nether Side Bole Hill Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1316 Tenter Yard Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1317 Corn Mill, dam and waste A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1318 Great Spring A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1319 Fat Pasture Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1320 Fat Pasture Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1321 Near Old Park Meadow A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1322 Rushy Field Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1323 Rushy Field Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1324 Holm Arable A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1326 Mill Bank A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth 1327 Old Wheel and Wood A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth 1328 The Winses A.A. Shuttleworth A.A. Shuttleworth 1329 Far Field Meadow A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1330 Little Far Field Pasture A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber 1331 Far Field Meadow A.A. Shuttleworth Francis Barber
Highlighted in blue: Francis Barber’s tenancy In bold: Plots directly associated with the site
Brunt’s Barn and Padley Chapel Shelter, Upper Padley Heritage Statement Report No 2020/30 ArcHeritage
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