Cultural Identities in Wikipedias
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Cultural Anthropology Through the Lens of Wikipedia: Historical Leader Networks, Gender Bias, and News-Based Sentiment
Cultural Anthropology through the Lens of Wikipedia: Historical Leader Networks, Gender Bias, and News-based Sentiment Peter A. Gloor, Joao Marcos, Patrick M. de Boer, Hauke Fuehres, Wei Lo, Keiichi Nemoto [email protected] MIT Center for Collective Intelligence Abstract In this paper we study the differences in historical World View between Western and Eastern cultures, represented through the English, the Chinese, Japanese, and German Wikipedia. In particular, we analyze the historical networks of the World’s leaders since the beginning of written history, comparing them in the different Wikipedias and assessing cultural chauvinism. We also identify the most influential female leaders of all times in the English, German, Spanish, and Portuguese Wikipedia. As an additional lens into the soul of a culture we compare top terms, sentiment, emotionality, and complexity of the English, Portuguese, Spanish, and German Wikinews. 1 Introduction Over the last ten years the Web has become a mirror of the real world (Gloor et al. 2009). More recently, the Web has also begun to influence the real world: Societal events such as the Arab spring and the Chilean student unrest have drawn a large part of their impetus from the Internet and online social networks. In the meantime, Wikipedia has become one of the top ten Web sites1, occasionally beating daily newspapers in the actuality of most recent news. Be it the resignation of German national soccer team captain Philipp Lahm, or the downing of Malaysian Airlines flight 17 in the Ukraine by a guided missile, the corresponding Wikipedia page is updated as soon as the actual event happened (Becker 2012. -
Universality, Similarity, and Translation in the Wikipedia Inter-Language Link Network
In Search of the Ur-Wikipedia: Universality, Similarity, and Translation in the Wikipedia Inter-language Link Network Morten Warncke-Wang1, Anuradha Uduwage1, Zhenhua Dong2, John Riedl1 1GroupLens Research Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering 2Dept. of Information Technical Science University of Minnesota Nankai University Minneapolis, Minnesota Tianjin, China {morten,uduwage,riedl}@cs.umn.edu [email protected] ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION Wikipedia has become one of the primary encyclopaedic in- The world: seven seas separating seven continents, seven formation repositories on the World Wide Web. It started billion people in 193 nations. The world's knowledge: 283 in 2001 with a single edition in the English language and has Wikipedias totalling more than 20 million articles. Some since expanded to more than 20 million articles in 283 lan- of the content that is contained within these Wikipedias is guages. Criss-crossing between the Wikipedias is an inter- probably shared between them; for instance it is likely that language link network, connecting the articles of one edition they will all have an article about Wikipedia itself. This of Wikipedia to another. We describe characteristics of ar- leads us to ask whether there exists some ur-Wikipedia, a ticles covered by nearly all Wikipedias and those covered by set of universal knowledge that any human encyclopaedia only a single language edition, we use the network to under- will contain, regardless of language, culture, etc? With such stand how we can judge the similarity between Wikipedias a large number of Wikipedia editions, what can we learn based on concept coverage, and we investigate the flow of about the knowledge in the ur-Wikipedia? translation between a selection of the larger Wikipedias. -
State of Wikimedia Communities of India
State of Wikimedia Communities of India Assamese http://as.wikipedia.org State of Assamese Wikipedia RISE OF ASSAMESE WIKIPEDIA Number of edits and internal links EDITS PER MONTH INTERNAL LINKS GROWTH OF ASSAMESE WIKIPEDIA Number of good Date Articles January 2010 263 December 2012 301 (around 3 articles per month) November 2011 742 (around 40 articles per month) Future Plans Awareness Sessions and Wiki Academy Workshops in Universities of Assam. Conduct Assamese Editing Workshops to groom writers to write in Assamese. Future Plans Awareness Sessions and Wiki Academy Workshops in Universities of Assam. Conduct Assamese Editing Workshops to groom writers to write in Assamese. THANK YOU Bengali বাংলা উইকিপিডিয়া Bengali Wikipedia http://bn.wikipedia.org/ By Bengali Wikipedia community Bengali Language • 6th most spoken language • 230 million speakers Bengali Language • National language of Bangladesh • Official language of India • Official language in Sierra Leone Bengali Wikipedia • Started in 2004 • 22,000 articles • 2,500 page views per month • 150 active editors Bengali Wikipedia • Monthly meet ups • W10 anniversary • Women’s Wikipedia workshop Wikimedia Bangladesh local chapter approved in 2011 by Wikimedia Foundation English State of WikiProject India on ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA ● One of the largest Indian Wikipedias. ● WikiProject started on 11 July 2006 by GaneshK, an NRI. ● Number of article:89,874 articles. (Excludes those that are not tagged with the WikiProject banner) ● Editors – 465 (active) ● Featured content : FAs - 55, FLs - 20, A class – 2, GAs – 163. BASIC STATISTICS ● B class – 1188 ● C class – 801 ● Start – 10,931 ● Stub – 43,666 ● Unassessed for quality – 20,875 ● Unknown importance – 61,061 ● Cleanup tags – 43,080 articles & 71,415 tags BASIC STATISTICS ● Diversity of opinion ● Lack of reliable sources ● Indic sources „lost in translation“ ● Editor skills need to be upgraded ● Lack of leadership ● Lack of coordinated activities ● …. -
Modeling Popularity and Reliability of Sources in Multilingual Wikipedia
information Article Modeling Popularity and Reliability of Sources in Multilingual Wikipedia Włodzimierz Lewoniewski * , Krzysztof W˛ecel and Witold Abramowicz Department of Information Systems, Pozna´nUniversity of Economics and Business, 61-875 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] (K.W.); [email protected] (W.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 31 March 2020; Accepted: 7 May 2020; Published: 13 May 2020 Abstract: One of the most important factors impacting quality of content in Wikipedia is presence of reliable sources. By following references, readers can verify facts or find more details about described topic. A Wikipedia article can be edited independently in any of over 300 languages, even by anonymous users, therefore information about the same topic may be inconsistent. This also applies to use of references in different language versions of a particular article, so the same statement can have different sources. In this paper we analyzed over 40 million articles from the 55 most developed language versions of Wikipedia to extract information about over 200 million references and find the most popular and reliable sources. We presented 10 models for the assessment of the popularity and reliability of the sources based on analysis of meta information about the references in Wikipedia articles, page views and authors of the articles. Using DBpedia and Wikidata we automatically identified the alignment of the sources to a specific domain. Additionally, we analyzed the changes of popularity and reliability in time and identified growth leaders in each of the considered months. The results can be used for quality improvements of the content in different languages versions of Wikipedia. -
Arxiv:2010.11856V3 [Cs.CL] 13 Apr 2021 Questions from Non-English Native Speakers to Rep- Information-Seeking Questions—Questions from Resent Real-World Applications
XOR QA: Cross-lingual Open-Retrieval Question Answering Akari Asaiº, Jungo Kasaiº, Jonathan H. Clark¶, Kenton Lee¶, Eunsol Choi¸, Hannaneh Hajishirziº¹ ºUniversity of Washington ¶Google Research ¸The University of Texas at Austin ¹Allen Institute for AI {akari, jkasai, hannaneh}@cs.washington.edu {jhclark, kentonl}@google.com, [email protected] Abstract ロン・ポールの学部時代の専攻は?[Japanese] (What did Ron Paul major in during undergraduate?) Multilingual question answering tasks typi- cally assume that answers exist in the same Multilingual document collections language as the question. Yet in prac- (Wikipedias) tice, many languages face both information ロン・ポール (ja.wikipedia) scarcity—where languages have few reference 高校卒業後はゲティスバーグ大学へ進学。 (After high school, he went to Gettysburg College.) articles—and information asymmetry—where questions reference concepts from other cul- Ron Paul (en.wikipedia) tures. This work extends open-retrieval ques- Paul went to Gettysburg College, where he was a member of the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity. He tion answering to a cross-lingual setting en- graduated with a B.S. degree in Biology in 1957. abling questions from one language to be an- swered via answer content from another lan- 生物学 (Biology) guage. We construct a large-scale dataset built on 40K information-seeking questions Figure 1: Overview of XOR QA. Given a question in across 7 diverse non-English languages that Li, the model finds an answer in either English or Li TYDI QA could not find same-language an- Wikipedia and returns an answer in English or L . L swers for. Based on this dataset, we introduce i i is one of the 7 typologically diverse languages. -
Explaining Cultural Borders on Wikipedia Through Multilingual Co-Editing Activity
Samoilenko et al. EPJ Data Science (2016)5:9 DOI 10.1140/epjds/s13688-016-0070-8 REGULAR ARTICLE OpenAccess Linguistic neighbourhoods: explaining cultural borders on Wikipedia through multilingual co-editing activity Anna Samoilenko1,2*, Fariba Karimi1,DanielEdler3, Jérôme Kunegis2 and Markus Strohmaier1,2 *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 1GESIS - Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences, 6-8 Unter In this paper, we study the network of global interconnections between language Sachsenhausen, Cologne, 50667, communities, based on shared co-editing interests of Wikipedia editors, and show Germany that although English is discussed as a potential lingua franca of the digital space, its 2University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany domination disappears in the network of co-editing similarities, and instead local Full list of author information is connections come to the forefront. Out of the hypotheses we explored, bilingualism, available at the end of the article linguistic similarity of languages, and shared religion provide the best explanations for the similarity of interests between cultural communities. Population attraction and geographical proximity are also significant, but much weaker factors bringing communities together. In addition, we present an approach that allows for extracting significant cultural borders from editing activity of Wikipedia users, and comparing a set of hypotheses about the social mechanisms generating these borders. Our study sheds light on how culture is reflected in the collective process -
Classification of Wikipedia Articles Using BERT in Combination with Metadata
Daniel Garber¨ Classification of Wikipedia Articles using BERT in Combination with Metadata Bachelor’s Thesis to achieve the university degree of Bachelor of Science Bachelor’s degree programme: Soware Engineering and Management submied to Graz University of Technology Supervisor Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Roman Kern Institute for Interactive Systems and Data Science Head: Univ.-Prof. Dipl.-Inf. Dr. Stefanie Lindstaedt Graz, August 2020 Affidavit I declare that I have authored this thesis independently, that I have not used other than the declared sources/resources, and that I have explicitly indicated all material which has been quoted either literally or by content from the sources used. The text document uploaded to tucnazonline is identical to the present master's thesis. Signature Abstract Wikipedia is the biggest online encyclopedia and it is continually growing. As its complexity increases, the task of assigning the appropriate categories to articles becomes more dicult for authors. In this work we used machine learning to auto- matically classify Wikipedia articles from specic categories. e classication was done using a variation of text and metadata features, including the revision history of the articles. e backbone of our classication model was a BERT model that was modied to be combined with metadata. We conducted two binary classication experiments and in each experiment compared various feature combinations. In the rst experiment we used articles from the category ”Emerging technologies” and ”Biotechnology”, where the best feature combination achieved an F1 score of 91.02%. For the second experiment the ”Biotechnology” articles are exchanged with random Wikipedia articles. Here the best feature combination achieved an F1 score of 97.81%. -
Chapter – I Introduction
CHAPTER – I INTRODUCTION Wikipedia matters. It is widely used and immensely influential in contemporary discourse. It is the ultimate paradigm of collective action on the Web, producing a large, successful resource of great value. According to Tonkin (2005), “Wikis allow all members to edit web pages so they are often used to promote collaborative content creation and editing”. Ketih explains ─ “Wikis (Internet provided private online spaces) are believed to be useful in supporting collaborative activity and improving student interaction. A Wiki provides an online space that allows members to collaboratively create and edit Web pages where content is emphasized over authorship. It could be used as a place for brainstorming or a place to archive shared content and link to other Web sites.” Moreover, Desilets et al. (2006) assert, “Wiki is a collective website where a large number of participants are allowed to modify or create pages using their Web browser (p.19)”. This introductory unit „Attitude of Information Professionals towards the Use of Wikipedia‟ consists of the background, statement of the problem, rationale of the study, objective of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitation of the study and operational definition of the key terms. 1.1 Background of the Study Over the last decade, the Web has become an essential tool for researchers. Information can be found using search tools such as Google or Yahoo quickly and/or easily. The problem is often not a lack of content, but rather the large volumes of stale and questionable information. Determining the accuracy of search, a result is a challenge for any Internet user. -
Dictionary of Slovenian Exonyms Explanatory Notes
GEOGRAFSKI INŠTITUT ANTONA MELIKA ZNANSTVENORAZISKOVALNI CENTER SLOVENSKE AKADEMIJE ZNANOSTI IN UMETNOSTI ANTON MELIK GEOGRAPHICAL INSTITUTE OF ZRC SAZU DICTIONARY OF SLOVENIAN EXONYMS EXPLANATORY NOTES Drago Kladnik Drago Perko AMGI ZRC SAZU Ljubljana 2013 1 Preface The geocoded collection of Slovenia exonyms Zbirka slovenskih eksonimov and the dictionary of Slovenina exonyms Slovar slovenskih eksonimov have been set up as part of the research project Slovenski eksonimi: metodologija, standardizacija, GIS (Slovenian Exonyms: Methodology, Standardization, GIS). They include more than 5,000 of the most frequently used exonyms that were collected from more than 50,000 documented various forms of these types of geographical names. The dictionary contains thirty-four categories and has been designed as a contribution to further standardization of Slovenian exonyms, which can be added to on an ongoing basis and used to find information on Slovenian exonym usage. Currently, their use is not standardized, even though analysis of the collected material showed that the differences are gradually becoming smaller. The standardization of public, professional, and scholarly use will allow completely unambiguous identification of individual features and items named. By determining the etymology of the exonyms included, we have prepared the material for their final standardization, and by systematically documenting them we have ensured that this important aspect of the Slovenian language will not sink into oblivion. The results of this research will not only help preserve linguistic heritage as an important aspect of Slovenian cultural heritage, but also help preserve national identity. Slovenian exonyms also enrich the international treasury of such names and are undoubtedly important part of the world’s linguistic heritage. -
Europe and Media: the History on the Web France, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Slovenia, Spain
Europe and media: the History on the Web France, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Slovenia, Spain 1 11 In this volume of “Il Filo d’Europa” we bring out the first research re- port made by Istituto storico Parri Emilia-Romagna with Europe Di- rect Emilia-Romagna and Videoteca of Legislative Assembly of the Emilia-Romagna Region, for the project “Europe and media: the hi- story in the web”. We continue in this way our engagement, after the conclusion of the project that has investigated the European history on the na- tional televisions, in order to understand how history is described through the new media and to imagine together a possible Euro- pean history. Stefania Fenati Istituto Storico Parri Emilia-Romagna The Istituto Storico Parri Emilia-Romagna was established in 1963. Its mission is to promote retrieval and knowledge of contemporary history’s sources. The main objective of the Institute is the study and research of the history of the 20th century. Videoteca Regionale The Regional Video Library was established in 1996 by the Legisla- tive Assembly of the Region Emilia-Romagna in collaboration with Istituto Beni Culturali, Artistici e Naturali. It is part of the Library of the Legislative Assembly of the Region Emilia-Romagna. Europe Direct of Emilia-Romagna The Europe Direct network is the main instrument used by the Eu- ropean institutions to encourage contacts with regional territories and citizens. It acts as intermediary between the EU and citizens at local level and allows citizens to have information, advice, assistan- ce and answers on EU policies and funding, and an opportunity to communicate with European institutions as well. -
Analyzing Wikidata Transclusion on English Wikipedia
Analyzing Wikidata Transclusion on English Wikipedia Isaac Johnson Wikimedia Foundation [email protected] Abstract. Wikidata is steadily becoming more central to Wikipedia, not just in maintaining interlanguage links, but in automated popula- tion of content within the articles themselves. It is not well understood, however, how widespread this transclusion of Wikidata content is within Wikipedia. This work presents a taxonomy of Wikidata transclusion from the perspective of its potential impact on readers and an associated in- depth analysis of Wikidata transclusion within English Wikipedia. It finds that Wikidata transclusion that impacts the content of Wikipedia articles happens at a much lower rate (5%) than previous statistics had suggested (61%). Recommendations are made for how to adjust current tracking mechanisms of Wikidata transclusion to better support metrics and patrollers in their evaluation of Wikidata transclusion. Keywords: Wikidata · Wikipedia · Patrolling 1 Introduction Wikidata is steadily becoming more central to Wikipedia, not just in maintaining interlanguage links, but in automated population of content within the articles themselves. This transclusion of Wikidata content within Wikipedia can help to reduce maintenance of certain facts and links by shifting the burden to main- tain up-to-date, referenced material from each individual Wikipedia to a single repository, Wikidata. Current best estimates suggest that, as of August 2020, 62% of Wikipedia ar- ticles across all languages transclude Wikidata content. This statistic ranges from Arabic Wikipedia (arwiki) and Basque Wikipedia (euwiki), where nearly 100% of articles transclude Wikidata content in some form, to Japanese Wikipedia (jawiki) at 38% of articles and many small wikis that lack any Wikidata tran- sclusion. -
Is Wikipedia Really Neutral? a Sentiment Perspective Study of War-Related Wikipedia Articles Since 1945
PACLIC 29 Is Wikipedia Really Neutral? A Sentiment Perspective Study of War-related Wikipedia Articles since 1945 Yiwei Zhou, Alexandra I. Cristea and Zachary Roberts Department of Computer Science University of Warwick Coventry, United Kingdom fYiwei.Zhou, A.I.Cristea, [email protected] Abstract include books, journal articles, newspapers, web- pages, sound recordings2, etc. Although a “Neutral Wikipedia is supposed to be supporting the 3 “Neutral Point of View”. Instead of accept- point of view” (NPOV) is Wikipedia’s core content ing this statement as a fact, the current paper policy, we believe sentiment expression is inevitable analyses its veracity by specifically analysing in this user-generated content. Already in (Green- a typically controversial (negative) topic, such stein and Zhu, 2012), researchers have raised doubt as war, and answering questions such as “Are about Wikipedia’s neutrality, as they pointed out there sentiment differences in how Wikipedia that “Wikipedia achieves something akin to a NPOV articles in different languages describe the across articles, but not necessarily within them”. same war?”. This paper tackles this chal- Moreover, people of different language backgrounds lenge by proposing an automatic methodology based on article level and concept level senti- share different cultures and sources of information. ment analysis on multilingual Wikipedia arti- These differences have reflected on the style of con- cles. The results obtained so far show that rea- tributions (Pfeil et al., 2006) and the type of informa- sons such as people’s feelings of involvement tion covered (Callahan and Herring, 2011). Further- and empathy can lead to sentiment expression more, Wikipedia webpages actually allow to con- differences across multilingual Wikipedia on tain opinions, as long as they come from reliable au- war-related topics; the more people contribute thors4.