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Dalbergia Latifolia) Seedlings in the Nursery K researcharticle International Journal of Plant Sciences, (July to December, 2009) Vol. 4 Issue 2 : 346-351 Effect of garbage on performance of rosewood ( Dalbergia latifolia) seedlings in the nursery K. GOPIKUMAR Accepted : February, 2009 SUMMARY The present series of investigations were conducted at Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur to evaluate the effect of potting media containing municipal garbage on the growth and vigour of rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.), a multi purpose tree species in the nursery. The treatments T1 (soil), T2 (soil: sand) and T3 (soil: sand: cowdung) recorded 100 per cent initial survival rate. In most of the treatments containing municipal garbage, initial establishment were found to be good. Growth and vigour in terms of shoot growth parameters were found to be most promising when the seedlings were grown in potting media containing 4 weeks decomposed municipal garbage and soil: sand: cowdung. Physiological growth parameters did not show any systematic pattern. No uniform trend could be observed with regard to chlorophyll content also. Seedlings grown in potting media containing soil: sand: cowdung recorded maximum content of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in the tissues. Media containing 4 weeks decomposed municipal garbage also recorded high content of tissue nitrogen and phosphorous. It was observed that at the end of the study period, percentage of nutrient elements in different potting media slightly increased compared to the initial content. Key words : Rosewood, Municipal garbage, Chlorophyll, Decomposition, Nutrient content n India, about 40% of the plant nutrients are consumed municipal garbage (T10), 2 weeks decomposed municipal by rice crop. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plays a very garbage (T ), 4 weeks decomposed municipal garbage I 11 important role in providing nutrition to human race. The (T12). traits like yield and its components are governed by The present studies were conducted for a period polygens with complex gene action and hence, of six months. Initially the seeds were sown in nursery understanding the nature and magnitude of gene action beds. Uniform vigorous seedlings of 2-3 weeks old help the breeder in selection of an appropriable breeding were planted in 200 guage polythene covers of 30-40 method. For impartment in such an important crop, the cm size filled with different treatment media. The most important prerequisite is the selection of suitable components were mixed on v/v basis. Experiment was parents, which could combine well and produce laid out in CRD with four replications. A total number describable hybrids and segregants. In the presents study, of 1200 seedlings were maintained in the field as a an attempt has been made to estimate the heterosis in F1 part of study. hybrids, using line x tester mating designs. The initial establishment after one week and final survival rate after six months, shoot growth parameters MATERIALS AND METHODS (height, girth, total biomass production), root growth The present study was conducted at College of parameters (length, number and biomass production), leaf Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara growth parameters, physiological observations like (Thrissur district of Kerala state). Uniform healthy chlorophyll content, leaf area, relative growth rate, specific seedlings of Dalbergia latifolia were planted using leaf area, leaf weight ratio, leaf area ratio etc., were recorded. Nutrient status of the seedlings during the study different potting media viz., soil (T1), soil : sand (T2), soil period and final nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorous : sand : cowdung (T3), soil : fresh municipal garbage (T4), and potassium in the media were also estimated. The data soil : 2 weeks decomposed garbage (T5), soil : 4 weeks were analyzed statistically. decomposed garbage (T6), soil : sand : fresh municipal garbage (T7), soil : sand: 2 weeks decomposed garbage RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (T8), soil : sand : 4 weeks decomposed garbage (T9), fresh Results obtained are summarized in Table 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Analysis of variance revealed that garbage had Correspondence to: significant effect on growth attributed of seedlings. K. GOPIKUMAR, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, THRISSUR (KERALA) INDIA HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 347 K. GOPIKUMAR Survival rate of Dalbergia seedlings in different Treatments T1 (soil), T2 (soil: sand) and T3 (soil: sand: potting media containing garbage: cowdung) recorded 100 per cent initial survival rate. In Municipal garbage when used as a component of most of the treatments containing municipal garbage, initial potting media significantly influenced the survival rate of establishment was found to be good. In the case of seedlings as is evidenced from the data furnished in treatments T9 (soil: sand: 4 weeks decomposed garbage), Table1. The effect on survival was more pronounced when and T12 (4weeks decomposed garbage), very high survival fresh garbage alone was used as the potting media. In rate of 91 and 85 per cent, respectively were recorded at the present study no survival was noticed when fresh the end of the study period, after six months. garbage alone was used for raising seedlings. It could be It could be stated that the survival rate was directly seen from the table that survival rate of rose wood proportional to the period of decomposition of garbage. seedlings was substantially influenced by the potting media. Elliot et al. (1981) reported that all the organic wastes cannot be applied directly as such into the soil because of Table 1 : Effect of potting media on survival rate of their wide C : N ratio. They are known to reduce the seedlings availability of important mineral nutrients to growing plants Survival through immobilization into organic forms and also Treatment Treatment details percentage No. produce phytotoxic substances during their decomposition. Initial Final Many earlier workers have noticed high rate of mortality T1 Soil 100 99 and incidence of Rhizoctonia and Phytophthora attack T2 Soil : sand 100 98 when fresh garbage is used as component of potting T3 Soil : sand : cowdung (1:1:1) 100 96 media. But when the fresh garbage decomposed for six T4 Soil : fresh garbage (1:1) 75 50 months was used, the mortality was significantly reduced. T5 Soil :2 weeks decomposed garbage 91 84 In the present study also the complete mortality of (1:1) seedlings when fresh garbage alone was used could be T6 Soil :4 weeks decomposed garbage 90 84 probably due to low availability of nutrients in the media (1:1) and also infection of microorganism present in the garbage. T7 Soil : sand : Fresh garbage(1:1:1) 97 90 T Soil:sand:2 weeks decomposed 86 76 8 Growth and vigour of seedlings as affected by garbage (1:1:1) different potting media containing garbage: T Soil:sand:4 weeks decomposed 98 91 9 Statistical analysis of the data with regard to various garbage (1:1:1) shoot growth parameters of seedlings indicate that overall T Fresh garbage 3 0 10 shoot growth performance of the seedlings were T 2 weeks decomposed garbage 98 94 11 significantly influenced by most of the treatments. T12 4 weeks decomposed garbage 96 85 Table 2 : Effect of potting media on growth attributes of seedlings Months Treatment Treatment details Height Collar Shoot Root Root length Root No. (cm) diameter (mm) weight (g) weight (g) (cm) number cde b bc f bc T1 Soil 35.67 4.16 4.60 3.71 22.70 34.50 de ab bc e bc T2 Soil:sand 33.03 4.21 4.52 5.18 23.43 35.00 ab a a a bc T3 Soil:sand:cowdung (1:1:1) 43.42 4.74 6.45 7.72 28.53 34.50 f c c g c T4 Soil:fresh garbage (1:1) 21.23 2.58 3.52 2.76 29.66 31.75 e b bc bc ab T5 Soil:2 weeks decomposed garbage (1:1) 29.45 3.99 4.52 6.53 25.00 36.75 a a ab a bc T6 Soil:4 weeks decomposed garbage (1:1) 46.22 4.71 5.45 7.72 29.88 34.00 de ab b e bc T7 Soil: sand:Fresh garbage (1:1:1) 33.33 4.28 4.83 5.22 31.50 32.25 bcd ab bc d a T8 Soil:sand:2 weeks decomposed garbage (1:1:1) 37.83 4.31 4.72 5.97 21.38 39.50 abc ab b b ab T9 Soil:sand:4 weeks decomposed garbage (1:1:1) 40.70 4.21 5.21 6.78 26.58 36.50 cde b bc cd abc T11 2 weeks decomposed garbage 36.08 3.94 4.75 6.12 30.55 35.50 abcd a ab a bc T12 4 weeks decomposed garbage 39.88 4.72 5.75 7.28 29.93 34.50 Prob 0.0000 0.0001 0.0015 0.0000 NS 0.0281 S.E. + 2.24 0.15 0.39 0.17 2.43 1.38 Figures with the same alphabets do not differ significantly [Internat. J. Plant Sci., July - Dec. 2009, 4 (2)] HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE EFFECT OF GARBAGE ON PERFORMANCE OF ROSEWOOD ( Dalbergia latifolia) SEEDLINGS IN THE NURSERY 348 According to Hernandez (1999), shoot growth parameters T12 (4 weeks decomposed garbage-5.51 g), followed by like height, collar diameter, shoot fresh weight and shoot treatment T6 (soil: 4 weeks decomposed garbage-5.07 g) dry weight have to be considered as important criteria and T9 (soil: Sand: 4 weeks decomposed garbage-4.99g). for measuring the vigour of seedlings. The data furnished At the end of the study period, though not significant in Table 2 showed that the seedlings grown in treatments statistically, seedlings grown in potting media containing T6 (soil: 4 weeks decomposed garbage) and T3 (soil: sand: 4 weeks decomposed garbage recorded maximum root cowdung) recorded the maximum height of 46.22 cm and length (29.93 cm), followed by T6 (soil: 4 weeks 43.42 cm, respectively at the end of the study period.
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