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Surveys of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Playgreen and Kiskittogisu Lakes, Northern Manitoba

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Surveys of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Playgreen and Kiskittogisu Lakes, Northern Manitoba „E k Scientific Excellence • Resource Protection & Conservation • Benefits for Canadians Excellence scientifique • Protection et conservation des ressources • Bénéfices aux Canadiens MPO - Bibliothèque DFO - Library intalan 12035179 Surveys of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Playgreen and Kiskittogisu Lakes, Northern Manitoba A.P. VViens and D.M. Rosenberg Central and Arctic Region Department of Fisheries and Oceans Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6 1991 (Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1814 rs4 c Fisheries Pêches 1+1 and Oceans et Océans Canadâ Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Technical reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which is not normally appropriate for primary literature. Technical reports are directed primarily toward a worldwide audience and have an international distribution. No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of the Department of Fis heries and Oceans, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. Technical reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report is abstracted in Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and indexed in the Department's annual index to scientific and technical publications. Numbers 1-456 in this series were issued as Technical Reports of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 457-714 were issued as Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Research and Development Directorate Technical Reports. Numbers 715-924 were issued as Department of Fisheries and the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 925. Technical reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Out-of-stock reports will be supplied for a fee by commercial agents. Rapport technique canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports techniques contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techni- ques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui ne sont pas normalement appropriés pour la publication dans un journal scientifique. Les rapports techniques sont destinés essentiellement à un public international et ils sont distribués à cet échelon. Il n'y a aucune restriction quant au sujet; de fait, la série reflète la vaste gamme des intérêts et des politiques du ministère des Pêches et des Océans, c'est-à-dire les sciences halieutiques et aquatiques. Les rapports techniques peuvent être cités comme des publications complètes. Le titre exact paraît au-dessus du résumé de chaque rapport. Les rapports techniques sont résumés dans la revue Résumés des sciences aquatiques et halieutiques, et ils sont classés dans l'index annual des publications scientifiques et techniques du Ministère. Les numéros I à 456 de cette série ont été publiés à titre de rapports techniques de l'Office des recherches suries pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 457 à 714 sont parus à titre de rapports techniques de la Direction générale de la recherche et du développe- ment, Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère de l'Environnement. Les numéros 715 à 924 ont été publiés à titre de rapports techniques du Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère des Pêches et de l'Environnement. Le nom actuel de la série a été établi lors de la parution du numéro 925. Les rapports techniques sont produits à l'échelon régional, mais numérotés à l'échelon national. Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par l'établissement auteur dont le nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre. Les rapports épuisés seront fournis contre rétribution par des agents commerciaux. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1814 1991 SURVEYS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES IN PLAYGREEN AND KISKITTOGISU LAKES, NORTHERN MANITOBA by A.P. Wiens and D.M. Rosenberg Central and Arctic Region Department of Fisheries and Oceans Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6 This is the 35th Technical Report from the Central and Arctic Region, Winnipeg ii c) Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1991 Cat no. Fs 97-6/1814E ISSN 0706-6457 Correct citation for this publication is: Wiens, A.P., and D.M. Rosenberg. 1991. Surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates in Playgreen and Kiskittogisu lakes, northern Manitoba. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1814: iv + 21 p. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Table Page Page 8 Mean standing stock of indivi- dual benthic taxa in Areas 4 ABSTRACT/RÉSUMÉ . iv and 5 of Kiskittogisu Lake in 1971 and 1989 . 15 INTRODUCTION . 1 Study sites . ... 1 METHODS AND MATERIALS . 2 LIST OF FIGURES RESULTS . .. ...... 2 Figure Page Physical changes . 2 Biological changes . 3 1 Benthic invertebrate sampling sites in surveys of Play- DISCUSSION .. 5 green (1987, 1989) and Effects of Lake Winnipeg regulation. 5 Kiskittogisu (1989) lakes . 16 Effects of 2MC on Playgreen Lake 5 2 Discharge of the East and West Effects of 8MC on Playgreen Lake West Channels of the Nelson and Kiskittogisu lakes .. 5 River, Manitoba, 1976-1989 . 17 Declines of standing stock: 1987- 3 Plots of station coordinates 1989 . 6 derived from multidimen- sional scaling of Euclidean CONCLUSIONS . .. 6 distances based on taxon abundances in Playgreen and ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .. ... 7 Kiskittogisu lakes . 18 REFERENCES .... ... 7 LIST OF APPENDICES LIST OF TABLES Appendix Page Table Page 1 Results of benthic inverte- brate surveys at Playgreen 1 Morphometry of Playgreen and Lake - taxon abundances at Kiskittogisu lakes . 9 individual sites: 2 Mean monthly discharge at A: 1987 survey . ... 19 Jenpeg on the West Channel B: 1989 survey . ... 20 of the Nelson River during 2 Results of the 1989 benthic benthic survey years .. 10 invertebrate survey at Kiskit- 3 Secchi disk, HAkanson Sediment togisu Lake - taxon abundances Penetrometer and temperature at individual sites . 21 measurements of Playgreen and Kiskittogisu lakes during benthic surveys of 1970-72, 1987 and 1989 . 11 4 Mean monthly air temperatures (°C) at Norway House on the East Channel of the Nelson River during and between benthic survey years . 11 5 Mean standing stock of benthic invertebrates in Playgreen and Kiskittogisu lakes . 12 6 Mean standing stock of indivi- dual benthic taxa in Areas 1-3 of Playgreen Lake in 1971, 1987, and 1989 . 13 7 Mean abundance of benthic taxa found in regions south and north of the 8-mile Channel in Playgreen Lake in 1987 and 1989 .. 14 i v ABSTRACT Wiens, A.P., and D.M. Rosenberg. 1991. Surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates in Playgreen and Kiskittogisu lakes, northern Manitoba. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1814: iv + 21 p. Playgreen Lake was sampled for benthic macroinvertebrates in 1987 and 1989, and Kiskittogisu Lake was surveyed in 1989; the results were compared to a previous survey done in 1971 to assess the effects of water level regulation and diversion of Nelson River flow on the taxon abundance and structure of benthic invertebrate communities. Regulation of the lakes under historical high water levels had little effect on the benthic invertebrates. Densities of invertebrates within the plume of the flow from 2-mile Channel into Playgreen Lake appeared slightly higher than in areas adjacent to the plume. Diversion of Nelson River water out of Playgreen Lake into previously isolated Kiskittogisu Lake through 8-mile Channel resulted in decreased populations of invertebrates, particularly Amphipoda, in the northern part of Playgreen Lake. Significant increases in standing stocks of all invertebrate taxa occurred in the southern area of Kiskittogisu Lake that received the flow. Drought conditions and above- normal summer temperatures may have reduced Amphipoda and possibly sphaeriid mollusc populations in 1988-1989 in Playgreen Lake. Key words: Lake Winnipeg; Jenpeg; hydroelectric; Chironomidae; Ephemeroptera; Pelecypoda; Oligochaeta; nutrients; sediments. RÉSUMÉ Wiens, A.P., and D.M. Rosenberg. 1991. Surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates in Playgreen and Kiskittogisu lakes, northern Manitoba. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1814: iv + 21 p. Dans le lac Playgreen, ont été échantillonnés en 1987 et 1989 des macroinvertébrés benthiques; le lac Kiskittogisu a été exploré en 1989. Les résultats ont été comparés à ceux d'un relevé précédent effectué en 1971 pour évaluer les effets qu'ont exercés la régulation du niveau de l'eau et le détournement de la rivière Nelson sur l'abondance des taxons et sur la structure des communautés d'invertébrés benthiques. La régulation des lacs, au cours de la période historique qui est caractérisée par des niveaux d'eau élevés, a eu un effet minime sur les invertébrés benthiques. Dans la traînée d'eaux provenant du Chenal de 2 milles et se déversant dans le lac Playgreen, la densité des populations d'invertébrés est apparue plus élevée que dans les régions adjacentes à la traînée. En raison du détournement des eaux de la rivière Nelson à partir du lac Playgreen dans le lac Kiskittogisu jusque-là isolé, à travers le Chenal de 8 milles, les populations d'invertébrés, en particulier d'amphipodes, ont diminué dans la partie nord du lac Playgreen. Dans la partie sud du lac Kiskittogisu qui a reçu les eaux détournées, les stocks actuels de tous les taxons d'invertébrés ont subi des accroissements significatifs. Il est possible que les conditions de sécheresse et les températures estivales supérieures à la normale aient réduit les populations d'amphipodes et peut-être de mollusques sphaeriidés dans le lac Playgreen en 1988 et 1989. Mots-clés: lac Winnipeg; Jenpeg; hydroélectrique; Chironomidae; Ephemeroptera; Pelecypoda; Oligochaeta; éléments nutritifs; sédiments. 1 INTRODUCTION STUDY SITES Playgreen and Kiskittogisu lakes precede Playgreen and Kiskittogisu lakes straddle the outflow of Lake Winnipeg into the Nelson the transition between the Manitoba Lowland Plain River. In the late 1600's and through the and the Canadian Shield in north-central 1700's, the upper part of the Nelson River became Manitoba. They lie in a depression called the the major access route for explorers entering Nelson Trough.
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