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Nuclear India VOL Website : http:// www.dae.gov.in ISSN-09929-5523 Nuclear India VOL. 40/NO.1-2/Jul.-Aug. 2006 540 MWe Unit-3 of Tarapur Atomic Power Project synchronized with the grid The 540 MWe, Unit-3 of Tarapur Atomic Power Project (TAPP-3) was synchronized with the grid on June 15. Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) has authorised synchronisation of the unit and raising its power level The 540 MWe Unit-3 of Tarapur Atomic Power Project (TAPP-3) attained criticality on May 21, 2006. This signifies the start of self-sustaining nuclear fission chain reaction in the reactor core. The criticality of Unit-3 came about two months ahead of schedule. Last year Unit-4 of this project, had achieved criticality on March 6. Designed and built by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), a public sector undertaking under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), TAPP-3 is the 16 th nuclear power reactor in the country. Many DAE units have provided valuable research and development and material inputs. Indian industry too played a major role in the supply of critical equipment and in meeting highly crashed construction schedules. Tarapur Atomic Power Project -3&4 (TAPP-3&4) comprises two Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) units of 540 MWe each. PHWRs use natural uranium fuel and heavy water both as moderator and coolant. TAPP-3&4, India ‘s largest nuclear power plant has been built in the shortest time of any PHWR in India. This gestation period is comparable to international benchmarks. All major milestones of TAPP-3 have been achieved ahead of schedule. For Unit-3, the time taken between criticality and synchronisation is about one-fourth of the time taken for Unit-4, which was synchronised with the grid on June 4, 2005. Presently TAPP-3 is in the process The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), a project of conducting mandatory tests. This to demonstrate the potential of fusion as an energy source, is the world’s biggest unit will supply electricity to the grid scientific collaboration of its kind and involves countries representing over termed as “infirm power”. The half the world’s population. The seven parties engaged in the project met in power of the unit will subsequently be Brussels on 24 May 2006 to confirm the agreements negotiated over the past increased to full power based on test year, following the decision to select the site for the construction and operation results and authorization by AERB. of ITER in Europe at Cadarache in southern France. The Seven Parties to TAPP-3 is expected to be declared ITER are the European Union, Russia, Japan, China, India, South Korea and commercial in July 2006, six months the United States. ahead of schedule. The ITER project is an international collaborative research project which The two units of TAPP-3&4, of will reproduce the physical reaction - fusion - that occurs in the sun and stars. 540 MWe each, are India’s largest and Fusion has several most advanced nuclear power units. attractions as a TAPP-3&4 belong to Pressurised large-scale energy Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) source; its basic family, which uses natural uranium as fuels are abundant fuel and heavy water as moderator and and available every- coolant. The two units of Tarapur where; no green- have been built and commissioned in house gas emissions; the shortest time taken by any PHWR no transportation in the country. This gestation period of radio-active is comparable to international materials; no possi- benchmark. bility of meltdown or The experience gained from runaway reactions; TAPP-3&4 is being utilized for no long-lasting radio- uprating the unit size to 700 MWe. active waste to be Four such units of 700 MWe each, two passed on to future at Rawatbhata in Rajasthan and two generations. at Kakrapar in Gujarat are proposed to be built. At present, NPCIL operates 15 nuclear power units with an aggregate capacity of 3360 MWe. This will increase to 3900 MWe once the 16th unit, TAPP-3, is declared commercial. The installed nuclear power capacity will increase to 4,120 MWe by end of Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007) and 10,280 MWe by Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12). It is planned to achieve an installed nuclear power capacity of 20,000 MWe by year 2020. NPCIL is unique in having built, under one roof, comprehensive capability in all facets of nuclear ITER signing ceremony at the technology namely – site selection, European Commission in Brussels. design, construction, commissioning, operation, maintenance and life extension of nuclear power plants. 1 capsules for making brachy-therapy BRIT : Looking Ahead sources. BRIT has a vast network of customers which ranges from Dr. A.K. Kohli major industrial units, ports, big hospital Chief Executive, Board of Radiation & Isotope Technology chains and sophisticated research laboratories to humble diagnostic laboratories. Consequently, BRIT has In recent years, the Board of out of BARC as an independent created expertise to cater to the Radiation & Isotope Technology constituent unit of the DAE in exacting demands from such a diverse (BRIT) has been leading the March 1989. The production of set of clientele. resurgence of isotope applications radioisotopes, which had begun with and radiation technology across the research reactor APSARA, got a Radiation Processing industry, healthcare, research and boost with the commissioning of A major impact of radiation agricultural sectors. It is focused on research reactors CIRUS and technology has been in the field the bringing the benefits of India’s vast DHRUVA. Later, production of sterilization of medical products, resources available with the robust R cobalt-60 was initiated in the power which over the years has gained & D efforts of Bhabha Atomic reactors. The Rajasthan Atomic tremendous popularity and acceptance Research Centre and large irradiation Power Project Cobalt Facility in society due to its simplicity and capacities available with the Nuclear (RAPPCOF) located at Kota is the reliability. Though the first radiation Power Corporation to create mainstay of the cobalt based processing plant for the sterilization of technologies, applications and programme of BRIT. medical products - ISOMED was services which cannot be replaced by As a constituent unit of DAE, commissioned in the country in the conventional techniques. Harnessing BRIT is unique in more than one way. year 1974, the Radiation Processing the spin offs from the mainstream It deals with radioactivity from Technology has established firm roots programmes of DAE, BRIT has microcurie to million curie levels. The only now with the commissioning of independently created a separate complexities of the tasks involved in four plants fully in the private sector. visible area of contribution to the the day-to-day operations can be BRIT’s other plant at Vashi, Navi society. understood by a few examples like Mumbai has also been performing To widen these activities and to handling of huge casks with very well and now has enabled the enable the commercial exploitation of thousands of curies of cobalt to the introduction of radiation processed the results of R & D, BRIT was carved laser welding of miniature steel food products for domestic , and more importantly, export markets. India being a large producer of agricultural commodities, strategies for food safety and security are of vital importance. Fully indigenous gamma radiation processing plants are going to play a very important role in this regard in the years to come. The recent acceptance of radiation processing as a mode of quarantine treatment for mangoes will enable Indian exporters to re-enter the large US market. Radiation processing of marine products is going to gain importance in the days to come. BRIT has already developed an all metal batch irradiator called Install & Operate irradiator which can undertake such jobs. It is planned to offer this design to private entrepreneurs in near future. Rajasthan Atomic Power Plant Cobalt Facility (RAPPCOF) , Kota, Rajasthan DAE has included the setting up 2 ISOMED Plant at Trombay, Mumbai of Radiation Processing Plants in the particularly farmers. Radiopharmaceuticals & country as one of its major missions. While the major thrust will be on Immunodiagnostic kits It is planned to set up more than 50 the indigenous Cobalt-60 based Production of Radiopharma- large irradiators by 2020 so that technology, expansion of Electron ceuticals, Immunoassay kits and harmful fumigants used for Beam (EB) facilities is also underway. Labeled Compounds constitute a sterilization and hygienization could BRIT is managing the operation of a significant part of the day-to-day be phased out from the country. BRIT 2 MeV EB machine and will support activities of BRIT. Radiopharma- is determined to achieve this mission this technology in a big way once the ceuticals have revolutionized the for the welfare of the public, indigenous machines mature. medical field by their ability to provide static as well as dynamic images of internal organs in a non- invasive manner as well as by offering efficacious therapy for certain diseases. Growth in the quantity of consignments has been accompanied by the expansion in the range of products. Radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium are used in over 80 per cent of nuclear medicine centres and form the workhorse of diagnostic nuclear medicine. BRIT, in conjunction with BARC, shoulders the responsibility of the development, production and supply of radiopharmaceuticals to about Radiation Processing Plant at Vashi, Navi Mumbai hundred nuclear medicine centres in 3 India and the number is growing. RIA brachytherapy treatment in the and IRMA kits are supplied to about country. Work has already been 400 laboratories in India. BRIT is undertaken for development of state- routinely manufacturing about 25 of-the art HDR Remote Afterloading radiopharmaceuticals and apart from Equipment which will revolutionize catering to domestic requirements cancer treatment activities in the exporting to some of the neighbouring country.
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