DOCSLIB.ORG

Criteria for Drug Identification by Thin Layer Chromatography and Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Criteria for Drug Identification by Thin Layer Chromatography and Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Criteria for Drug Identification by Thin Layer Chromatography and Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Pervaise R. Khan A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of The University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Medicine The School of Pharmacy, University of London October 2003 Supervisors: Prof A. 0. Moffat and Dr R. D.Jee ProQuest Number: 10104338 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10104338 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract A study was conducted of drug identification by thin layer chromatography using computer search techniques. This investigated the criteria for drug identification as used by pharmacopoeias, and various organisational bodies. The effect of varying standard control conditions, the use of standardising reference standards and running conditions were investigated. Computer based search methods incorporating fixed and moving windows, mean list length and discrepancy index were then used to identify drugs based upon Rf data. A probability of identification and the ability to rank drugs in order of likeliness of identification was produced from the Rf data. Achieving the current pharmacopoeial criteria and the feasibility of setting rigid criteria is discussed. Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid non-destructive method of analysis which requires little or no sample preparation. The rapid, non-invasive identification of pure drug substances and tablets from a database of over 300 drugs by NIR is described, making use of simple chemometrics. An investigation of sample presentation and physical effects upon NIR spectra is presented. Novel drug profiling studies are described that differentiate between different tablet manufacturers demonstrate identification based upon NIR data. Methods include the analysis of pure drugs and tablets by NIR, the setting up and validation of the database and identification of unknowns against the database. The data were analysed and the methods optimised using a number of chemometric procedures such as second derivatives, correlation spectral matching, wavelength distances, polar co-ordinates, centres of gravity and scanning probability windows. Identification by NIR spectroscopy is demonstrated for unknown pure drugs and tablets with varied success for the type of substance, tablet and chemometric method used. A low number of mis-identifications were reported. A ranking method of identification based upon spectral match is incorporated with optimisation and criteria to be used in the general method. Table of Contents Abstract.....................................................................................................................2 Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................14 Chapter 1 Introduction ......................................................................................15 1.1 Thesis layout ...........................................................................................15 1.2 Background to the thesis topics ............................................................ 16 1.3 Aims and Objectives...............................................................................17 1.4 Background to thin layer chromatography ............................................ 20 1.4.1 Theory ...............................................................................................22 1.5 Background to NIR spectroscopy .......................................................... 23 1.6 Fundamentals of NIR spectroscopy ...................................................... 25 1.6.1 Molecular vibrations ........................................................................ 27 1.7 Diffuse reflectance in the NIR region ....................................................34 1.7.1 Kubelka - Munk theory .................................................................... 34 1.7.2 Lambert Cosine law ........................................................................ 36 1.7.3 Mie Scattering ................................................................................. 37 1.8 NIR applications ...................................................................................... 38 1.8.1 Regulatory work .............................................................................. 39 1.8.2 Pharmaceutical applications .......................................................... 42 1.8.2.1 Raw material and pure drug identification and qualification. 42 1.8.2.2 Identification of dosage forms ...................................................46 1.9 Instrumentation ....................................................................................... 52 1.9.1 The spectrophotometer ...................................................................54 1.9.1.1 The source ................................................................................55 1.9.1.2 The monochromator ................................................................56 1.9.1.3 Detectors ....................................................................................56 1.9.1.4 Software .....................................................................................57 1.10 Chemometrics ......................................................................................... 58 1.10.1 Derivatives....................................................................................... 58 1.10.2 Correlation spectral match ............................................................. 63 1.10.3 Maximum wavelength distance match .......................................... 64 1.10.4 Principal Components Analysis ...................................................... 65 1.10.5 Polar Qualification System (PQS) ..................................................67 1.11 Sample presentation .............................................................................. 74 1.11.1 Factors ............................................................................................. 76 1.11.2 Instrument scans..............................................................................78 1.11.3 Sample packing and presentation ..................................................78 1.11.4 The effect of grinding and particle size .......................................... 79 1.11.5 Vial types and base diameter sizes.................................................80 Chapter 2 Experimental .................................................................................... 82 2.1 Thin layer chromatography (Chapter 3 ) ................................................82 2.1.1.1 Locating Agents ........................................................................ 86 2.1.2 Computer based searches ..............................................................87 2.2 NIR spectroscopy - general sampling regimen ..................................... 88 2.2.1 Powdered samples ........................................................................... 88 2.2.2 Setting up a spectral database ............................... 89 2.2.3 Tablet Samples................................................................................89 2.3 Sample presentation (Chapter 4 ) ...........................................................90 2.3.1 Instrument scans...............................................................................90 2.3.1.1 Sample packing and presentation ...........................................91 2.3.2 The effect of grinding samples ....................................................... 91 2.3.3 Investigation of vial types and base diameter sizes .......................92 2.3.4 Particle size........................................................................................93 2.4 Drug Identification (Chapter 5 ) ................................................................ 94 2.4.1 Part 1 - initial study...........................................................................94 2.4.2 Part 2 - Large number of compounds ............................................ 95 2.5 The identification of actives in whole tablets (Chapter 7 ) .................... 96 Chapter 3 Identification by thin layer chromatography ....................................98 3.1 Summary of aim s ..................................................................................... 98 3.2 Method ...................................................................................................... 98 3.3 Results and Discussion ............................................................................99 3.3.1 Statistical Analysis of the Data .........................................................99 3.3.2 Run distance....................................................................................100 3.3.3 Temperature ....................................................................................105 3.3.4 Spot mass ........................................................................................108 3.3.5
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0224012 A1 Suvanprakorn Et Al
    US 2004O224012A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0224012 A1 Suvanprakorn et al. (43) Pub. Date: Nov. 11, 2004 (54) TOPICAL APPLICATION AND METHODS Related U.S. Application Data FOR ADMINISTRATION OF ACTIVE AGENTS USING LIPOSOME MACRO-BEADS (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 10/264,205, filed on Oct. 3, 2002. (76) Inventors: Pichit Suvanprakorn, Bangkok (TH); (60) Provisional application No. 60/327,643, filed on Oct. Tanusin Ploysangam, Bangkok (TH); 5, 2001. Lerson Tanasugarn, Bangkok (TH); Suwalee Chandrkrachang, Bangkok Publication Classification (TH); Nardo Zaias, Miami Beach, FL (US) (51) Int. CI.7. A61K 9/127; A61K 9/14 (52) U.S. Cl. ............................................ 424/450; 424/489 Correspondence Address: (57) ABSTRACT Eric G. Masamori 6520 Ridgewood Drive A topical application and methods for administration of Castro Valley, CA 94.552 (US) active agents encapsulated within non-permeable macro beads to enable a wider range of delivery vehicles, to provide longer product shelf-life, to allow multiple active (21) Appl. No.: 10/864,149 agents within the composition, to allow the controlled use of the active agents, to provide protected and designable release features and to provide visual inspection for damage (22) Filed: Jun. 9, 2004 and inconsistency. US 2004/0224012 A1 Nov. 11, 2004 TOPCAL APPLICATION AND METHODS FOR 0006 Various limitations on the shelf-life and use of ADMINISTRATION OF ACTIVE AGENTS USING liposome compounds exist due to the relatively fragile LPOSOME MACRO-BEADS nature of liposomes. Major problems encountered during liposome drug Storage in vesicular Suspension are the chemi CROSS REFERENCE TO OTHER cal alterations of the lipoSome compounds, Such as phos APPLICATIONS pholipids, cholesterols, ceramides, leading to potentially toxic degradation of the products, leakage of the drug from 0001) This application claims the benefit of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Customs Tariff - Schedule
    CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE 99 - i Chapter 99 SPECIAL CLASSIFICATION PROVISIONS - COMMERCIAL Notes. 1. The provisions of this Chapter are not subject to the rule of specificity in General Interpretative Rule 3 (a). 2. Goods which may be classified under the provisions of Chapter 99, if also eligible for classification under the provisions of Chapter 98, shall be classified in Chapter 98. 3. Goods may be classified under a tariff item in this Chapter and be entitled to the Most-Favoured-Nation Tariff or a preferential tariff rate of customs duty under this Chapter that applies to those goods according to the tariff treatment applicable to their country of origin only after classification under a tariff item in Chapters 1 to 97 has been determined and the conditions of any Chapter 99 provision and any applicable regulations or orders in relation thereto have been met. 4. The words and expressions used in this Chapter have the same meaning as in Chapters 1 to 97. Issued January 1, 2020 99 - 1 CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE Tariff Unit of MFN Applicable SS Description of Goods Item Meas. Tariff Preferential Tariffs 9901.00.00 Articles and materials for use in the manufacture or repair of the Free CCCT, LDCT, GPT, UST, following to be employed in commercial fishing or the commercial MT, MUST, CIAT, CT, harvesting of marine plants: CRT, IT, NT, SLT, PT, COLT, JT, PAT, HNT, Artificial bait; KRT, CEUT, UAT, CPTPT: Free Carapace measures; Cordage, fishing lines (including marlines), rope and twine, of a circumference not exceeding 38 mm; Devices for keeping nets open; Fish hooks; Fishing nets and netting; Jiggers; Line floats; Lobster traps; Lures; Marker buoys of any material excluding wood; Net floats; Scallop drag nets; Spat collectors and collector holders; Swivels.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf; Chi 2015 DPP Air in Cars.Pdf; Dodson 2014 DPP Dust CA.Pdf; Kasper-Sonnenberg 2014 Phth Metabolites.Pdf; EU Cosmetics Regs 2009.Pdf
    Bouge, Cathy (ECY) From: Nancy Uding <[email protected]> Sent: Friday, January 13, 2017 10:24 AM To: Steward, Kara (ECY) Cc: Erika Schreder Subject: Comments re. 2016 CSPA Rule Update - DPP Attachments: DPP 131-18-0 exposure.pdf; Chi 2015 DPP air in cars.pdf; Dodson 2014 DPP dust CA.pdf; Kasper-Sonnenberg 2014 phth metabolites.pdf; EU Cosmetics Regs 2009.pdf Please accept these comments from Toxic-Free Future concerning the exposure potential of DPP for consideration during the 2016 CSPA Rule update. Regards, Nancy Uding -- Nancy Uding Grants & Research Specialist Toxic-Free Future 206-632-1545 ext.123 http://toxicfreefuture.org 1 JES-00888; No of Pages 9 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES XX (2016) XXX– XXX Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect www.elsevier.com/locate/jes Determination of 15 phthalate esters in air by gas-phase and particle-phase simultaneous sampling Chenchen Chi1, Meng Xia1, Chen Zhou1, Xueqing Wang1,2, Mili Weng1,3, Xueyou Shen1,4,⁎ 1. College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 2. Zhejiang National Radiation Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310011, China 3. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 310058, China 4. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Based on previous research, the sampling and analysis methods for phthalate esters (PAEs) Received 24 December 2015 were improved by increasing the sampling flow of indoor air from 1 to 4 L/min, shortening the Revised 14 January 2016 sampling duration from 8 to 2 hr.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Current Advanced Research
    International Journal of Current Advanced Research ISSN: O: 2319-6475, ISSN: P: 2319-6505, Impact Factor: SJIF: 5.995 Available Online at www.journalijcar.org Volume 6; Issue 8; August 2017; Page No. 5172-5175 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2017.5175.0665 Review Article MUSCLE RELAXANTS IN DENTISTRY - A REVIEW Vaishnavi Sivakali Subramanian* and Dhanraj Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental college and Hospitals, Chennai ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia. Received 13th May, 2017 th Muscle relaxants in dentistry are often used in treating temporomandibuar joint disorders. Received in revised form 14 A temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a very common problem affecting up to 33% of June, 2017 Accepted 6th July, 2017 th individuals within their lifetime. TMD is often viewed as similar to musculoskeletal Published online 28 August, 2017 disorders of other parts of the body, therefore the treatment often involves similar principles as other regions as well. This review article includes brief description of Key words: commonly used muscle relaxants in dentistry, that describes mechanism of action, Dentistry, Temporomandibular Disorders, metabolism, dosage and side effects of the drug. muscle relaxants, muscle spasm. Copyright©2017 Vaishnavi Sivakali Subramanian and Dhanraj. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. INTRODUCTION excursion, jaw locking, and noise at the joint with movement.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2015/072852 Al 21 May 2015 (21.05.2015) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2015/072852 Al 21 May 2015 (21.05.2015) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 36/84 (2006.01) A61K 31/5513 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A61K 31/045 (2006.01) A61P 31/22 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, A61K 31/522 (2006.01) A61K 45/06 (2006.01) BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (21) International Application Number: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, PCT/NL20 14/050780 KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, (22) International Filing Date: MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, 13 November 2014 (13.1 1.2014) PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, (25) Filing Language: English TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (26) Publication Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (30) Priority Data: kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, 61/903,430 13 November 2013 (13. 11.2013) US GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, (71) Applicant: RJG DEVELOPMENTS B.V.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness Et Al
    USOO6264,917B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 24, 2001 (54) TARGETED ULTRASOUND CONTRAST 5,733,572 3/1998 Unger et al.. AGENTS 5,780,010 7/1998 Lanza et al. 5,846,517 12/1998 Unger .................................. 424/9.52 (75) Inventors: Jo Klaveness; Pál Rongved; Dagfinn 5,849,727 12/1998 Porter et al. ......................... 514/156 Lovhaug, all of Oslo (NO) 5,910,300 6/1999 Tournier et al. .................... 424/9.34 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo (NO) 2 145 SOS 4/1994 (CA). (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 19 626 530 1/1998 (DE). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 O 727 225 8/1996 (EP). U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO91/15244 10/1991 (WO). WO 93/20802 10/1993 (WO). WO 94/07539 4/1994 (WO). (21) Appl. No.: 08/958,993 WO 94/28873 12/1994 (WO). WO 94/28874 12/1994 (WO). (22) Filed: Oct. 28, 1997 WO95/03356 2/1995 (WO). WO95/03357 2/1995 (WO). Related U.S. Application Data WO95/07072 3/1995 (WO). (60) Provisional application No. 60/049.264, filed on Jun. 7, WO95/15118 6/1995 (WO). 1997, provisional application No. 60/049,265, filed on Jun. WO 96/39149 12/1996 (WO). 7, 1997, and provisional application No. 60/049.268, filed WO 96/40277 12/1996 (WO). on Jun. 7, 1997. WO 96/40285 12/1996 (WO). (30) Foreign Application Priority Data WO 96/41647 12/1996 (WO).
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2007/109289 Al
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date PCT (10) International Publication Number 27 September 2007 (27.09.2007) WO 2007/109289 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Agents: INSOGNA, Anthony, M. et al; Jones Day, 222 C07D 265/14 (2006.01) A61P 25/00 (2006.01) East 41st Street, New York, NY 10017-6702 (US). A61K 31/535 (2006.01) (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (21) International Application Number: kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, PCT/US2007/006959 AT,AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY,BZ, CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, (22) International Filing Date: 20 March 2007 (20.03.2007) FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, (25) Filing Language: English LS, LT, LU, LY,MA, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, (26) Publication Language: English RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW (30) Priority Data: 60/784,513 20 March 2006 (20.03.2006) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): XYTIS kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, INC. [US/US]; 101 Theory Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92617 GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, (US).
    [Show full text]
  • On the Approximation of the Laws of the Member States Relating to Cosmetic Products (76/768/EEC )
    27 . 9 . 76 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 262/169 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products (76/768/EEC ) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, regards the composition, labelling and packaging of cosmetic products ; Having regard to the Treaty establishing the Euro­ pean Economic Community, and in particular Whereas this Directive relates only to cosmetic prod­ Article 100 thereof, ucts and not to pharmaceutical specialities and medicinal products ; whereas for this purpose it is necessary to define the scope of the Directive by Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, delimiting the field of cosmetics from that of phar­ maceuticals ; whereas this delimitation follows in particular from the detailed definition of cosmetic Having regard to the opinion of the European Parlia­ products, which refers both to their areas of appli­ ment ( 1 ), cation and to the purposes of their use; whereas this Directive is not applicable to the products that fall Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and under the definition of cosmetic product but are Social Committee (2 ), exclusively intended to protect from disease; whereas, moreover, it is advisable to specify that certain prod­ ucts come under this definition, whilst products Whereas the provisions laid down by law, regulation containing substances or preparations intended to be or administrative action in force in the Member ingested, inhaled, injected or implanted in the human States
    [Show full text]
  • Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization
    No. 31874 Multilateral Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organ ization (with final act, annexes and protocol). Concluded at Marrakesh on 15 April 1994 Authentic texts: English, French and Spanish. Registered by the Director-General of the World Trade Organization, acting on behalf of the Parties, on 1 June 1995. Multilat ral Accord de Marrakech instituant l©Organisation mondiale du commerce (avec acte final, annexes et protocole). Conclu Marrakech le 15 avril 1994 Textes authentiques : anglais, français et espagnol. Enregistré par le Directeur général de l'Organisation mondiale du com merce, agissant au nom des Parties, le 1er juin 1995. Vol. 1867, 1-31874 4_________United Nations — Treaty Series • Nations Unies — Recueil des Traités 1995 Table of contents Table des matières Indice [Volume 1867] FINAL ACT EMBODYING THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS ACTE FINAL REPRENANT LES RESULTATS DES NEGOCIATIONS COMMERCIALES MULTILATERALES DU CYCLE D©URUGUAY ACTA FINAL EN QUE SE INCORPOR N LOS RESULTADOS DE LA RONDA URUGUAY DE NEGOCIACIONES COMERCIALES MULTILATERALES SIGNATURES - SIGNATURES - FIRMAS MINISTERIAL DECISIONS, DECLARATIONS AND UNDERSTANDING DECISIONS, DECLARATIONS ET MEMORANDUM D©ACCORD MINISTERIELS DECISIONES, DECLARACIONES Y ENTEND MIENTO MINISTERIALES MARRAKESH AGREEMENT ESTABLISHING THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION ACCORD DE MARRAKECH INSTITUANT L©ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU COMMERCE ACUERDO DE MARRAKECH POR EL QUE SE ESTABLECE LA ORGANIZACI N MUND1AL DEL COMERCIO ANNEX 1 ANNEXE 1 ANEXO 1 ANNEX
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DIX to the HTSUS—Continued
    20558 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DEPARMENT OF THE TREASURY Services, U.S. Customs Service, 1301 TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL APPEN- Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DIX TO THE HTSUSÐContinued Customs Service D.C. 20229 at (202) 927±1060. CAS No. Pharmaceutical [T.D. 95±33] Dated: April 14, 1995. 52±78±8 ..................... NORETHANDROLONE. A. W. Tennant, 52±86±8 ..................... HALOPERIDOL. Pharmaceutical Tables 1 and 3 of the Director, Office of Laboratories and Scientific 52±88±0 ..................... ATROPINE METHONITRATE. HTSUS 52±90±4 ..................... CYSTEINE. Services. 53±03±2 ..................... PREDNISONE. 53±06±5 ..................... CORTISONE. AGENCY: Customs Service, Department TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL 53±10±1 ..................... HYDROXYDIONE SODIUM SUCCI- of the Treasury. NATE. APPENDIX TO THE HTSUS 53±16±7 ..................... ESTRONE. ACTION: Listing of the products found in 53±18±9 ..................... BIETASERPINE. Table 1 and Table 3 of the CAS No. Pharmaceutical 53±19±0 ..................... MITOTANE. 53±31±6 ..................... MEDIBAZINE. Pharmaceutical Appendix to the N/A ............................. ACTAGARDIN. 53±33±8 ..................... PARAMETHASONE. Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the N/A ............................. ARDACIN. 53±34±9 ..................... FLUPREDNISOLONE. N/A ............................. BICIROMAB. 53±39±4 ..................... OXANDROLONE. United States of America in Chemical N/A ............................. CELUCLORAL. 53±43±0
    [Show full text]
  • Was Marketed and Are Still Occumng. 168' 1699 172, 173, 175, 177-182, 185 Meprobamate Has Been Shown to Pro- 176
    40 H. ISBELL & T. L. CHRUSCIEL CARBAMIC ACID ESTERS OF GLYCOLS Of the drugs listed in Table VI, carisoprodol 168. Bulla, J. D., Ewing, J. A. & Buffaloe, W. J. (1959) (S 103), emylcamate (S 104), mebutamate (S 107) Amer. Practit., 10, 1961 (Further controlled and phenprobamate (S 110) are not used primarily studies of meprobamate) as central nervous system depressants but are 169. Czerwenka-Wenkstetten, H., Hofmann, G. & recommended either for hypertension (S 107) or as Kryspin-Exner, K. (1965) Wien. med. Wschr., 115, 1012-1016 (Tranquillizersucht und Miss- " muscle relaxants " (S 103, S 104 and S 110). Some brauch) newly introduced drugs, buramate (S 102) and 170. Domino, E. F. (1965) In: DiPalma, J. R., ed., pentabamate (S 109), have been marketed as " tran- Drill's pharmacology in medicine, 3rd ed., quillizers" and hexapropymate (S 105) and oxy- pp. 356-364, McGraw-Hill, New York (Chap- fenamate (S 106) are used as sedatives. All these are ter 24: Psychosedative drugs. II. Meprobamnate, weak drugs and have not been abused or shown to chlordiazepoxide and miscellaneous agents) have abuse potential in animal or human experi- 171. Essig, C. F. (1958) Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.), ments. 80, 414-417 (Withdrawal convulsions in dog Tybamate (S 111) used as a sedative has had an following chronic meprobamate intoxication) especially good animal and experimental work-up 172. Essig, C. F. & Ainslie, J. D. (1957) J. Amer. med. for abuse potential. 167, 170, 174, 187 It appears to be a Ass., 164, 1382 (Addiction to meprobamate) very weak, short-acting drug of no or very low 173.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical Classification Guidelines V2020 EPHMRA ANATOMICAL
    EPHMRA ANATOMICAL CLASSIFICATION GUIDELINES 2020 Anatomical Classification Guidelines V2020 "The Anatomical Classification of Pharmaceutical Products has been developed and maintained by the European Pharmaceutical Marketing Research Association (EphMRA) and is therefore the intellectual property of this Association. EphMRA's Classification Committee prepares the guidelines for this classification system and takes care for new entries, changes and improvements in consultation with the product's manufacturer. The contents of the Anatomical Classification of Pharmaceutical Products remain the copyright to EphMRA. Permission for use need not be sought and no fee is required. We would appreciate, however, the acknowledgement of EphMRA Copyright in publications etc. Users of this classification system should keep in mind that Pharmaceutical markets can be segmented according to numerous criteria." © EphMRA 2020 Anatomical Classification Guidelines V2020 CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 1 B BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS 28 C CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 35 D DERMATOLOGICALS 50 G GENITO-URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES 57 H SYSTEMIC HORMONAL PREPARATIONS (EXCLUDING SEX HORMONES) 65 J GENERAL ANTI-INFECTIVES SYSTEMIC 69 K HOSPITAL SOLUTIONS 84 L ANTINEOPLASTIC AND IMMUNOMODULATING AGENTS 92 M MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM 102 N NERVOUS SYSTEM 107 P PARASITOLOGY 118 R RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 120 S SENSORY ORGANS 132 T DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS 139 V VARIOUS 141 Anatomical Classification Guidelines V2020 INTRODUCTION The Anatomical Classification was initiated in 1971 by EphMRA. It has been developed jointly by Intellus/PBIRG and EphMRA. It is a subjective method of grouping certain pharmaceutical products and does not represent any particular market, as would be the case with any other classification system.
    [Show full text]