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What Is an International Crime? (A Revisionist History)
\\jciprod01\productn\H\HLI\58-2\HLI205.txt unknown Seq: 1 14-FEB-18 9:00 Volume 58, Number 2, Spring 2017 What Is an International Crime? (A Revisionist History) Kevin Jon Heller* The question “what is an international crime?” has two aspects. First, it asks us to identify which acts qualify as international crimes. Second, and more fundamentally, it asks us to identify what is distinctive about an international crime. Some disagreement exists concerning the first issue, particularly with regard to torture and terrorism. But nearly all states, international tribunals, and ICL scholars take the same position concerning the second issue, insisting that an act qualifies as an international crime if—and only if—that act is universally criminal under international law. This definition of an international crime leads to an obvious question: how exactly does an act become universally criminal under international law? One answer, the “direct criminalization thesis” (DCT), is that certain acts are universally criminal because they are directly criminalized by international law itself, regardless of whether states criminalize them. Another answer, the “national criminalization the- sis” (NCT), rejects the idea that international law directly criminalizes particular acts. According to the NCT, certain acts are universally criminal because international law obligates every state in the world to criminalize them. This Article argues that if we take positivism seriously, as every international criminal tribunal since Nuremberg has insisted we must, the NCT provides the only coherent explanation of how international law can deem certain acts to be universally criminal. I. INTRODUCTION The question posed by the title of this Article has two aspects. -
Leading Innovation in International Police Cooperation
Leading innovation in international police cooperation Milos MIJOMANOVIC Digital Crime Officer Digital Investigation Support / Cyber Directorate March 2018 INTERPOL For official use only Academia Cyber Threat Taskforce Law Enforcement INTERPOL Private Sector INTERPOL For official use only Digital Crime Investigative Support Coordinating and facilitating transnational cybercrime investigations and operations which involve intelligence sharing and providing guidance on best practices in conducting cybercrime investigations. Cybercrime Training Providing range of training courses, targeted to the needs of participants, covering topics such as emerging trends in cybercrime, investigation techniques, digital forensics and more Strategy & Outreach Bridging the gap between the police and information communication technology communities, bringing them together to fight cybercrime and to prepare for its future developments CYBERCRIME DIRECTORATE CYBERCRIME Cyber Fusion Centre A secure and neutral collaboration workspace for law enforcement & industry to share & develop cyber intelligence to tackle cybercrime and cyber-enabled crime INTERPOL For official use only DIGITAL CRIME INVESTIGATIVE SUPPORT Regional Bureau 24/7 Point of Contact Digital Crime Officer for Cybercrime Regional Working Group on Investigative and Operational Cybercrime for Heads of Units Support on Transnational (America, Africa, Eurasian, Cybercrime Middle-East & North Africa) INTERPOL For official use only Ransomware DDoS-For-Ransom Business Email Compromise Criminals to Diversify -
Globalization, Transnational Crime and State Power: the Need for a New Criminology
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Directory of Open Access Journals Globalization, Transnational Crime and State Power: The Need for a New Criminology • Emilio C. Viano Riassunto Questo articolo si focalizza sulla globalizzazione legata al crimine transnazionale, mettendo in evidenza come i modelli e le dinamiche che rendono possibile ed efficace la globalizzazione portano anche a conseguenze collaterali negative, cioè criminali e facilitano l’introduzione e la rapida crescita del numero di crimini internazionali. D’altra parte, esistono anche crimini commessi contro la globalizzazione. Dal canto suo, la globalizzazione rende più facile la lotta contro il crimine grazie alla cooperazione ed al coordinamento degli sforzi in questa direzione. Di conseguenza, la globalizzazione instaura un rapporto molto complesso con il crimine: positivo, negativo e di prevenzione. Questo articolo si concentra anche su aspetti relativi a come la criminologia dovrebbe rivedere i suoi modelli di ricerca e di intervento tenendo conto del modo in cui la globalizzazione ha cambiato la maniera con la quale si può e si dovrebbe affrontare il crimine. Nell’ambito di tale articolo si ipotizza anche un mancato interesse della criminologia per i crimini della globalizzazione e si contesta la prospettiva della criminologia tradizionale che vede le definizioni legali del reato come sacrosante e immutabili. Noi abbiamo bisogno di una più ampia concettualizzazione del crimine che vada al di là delle prescrizioni del diritto penale e che utilizzi differenti tradizioni intellettuali (crimini di globalizzazione, di violenza strutturale e critica del neoliberalismo) che sottolineino l’influenza contingente del male sociale nelle scelte delle persone. -
INTERPOL Capacity Building and Training Activities Lili SUN Head of Training Unit – Cybercrime Directorate June 15, 2017 Outline
INTERPOL Capacity Building and Training Activities Lili SUN Head of Training Unit – Cybercrime Directorate June 15, 2017 Outline General introduction to INTERPOL INTERPOL’s policing capabilities for cyberspace Cyber capacity building programmes The way forward History of 100 years First International Criminal Renamed as International Official inauguration of the Police Congress held in Criminal Police INTERPOL Global Complex for Innovation in Singapore. Monaco. Organization-INTERPOL 1914 1956 2015 1946 1989 •Rebuilding of the organization after INTERPOL moves its General the end of World War II Secretariat to Lyon, France. •A new headquarters set up in Paris •INTERPOL colour-coded notice system initiated EU OFFICE LYON FRANCE UN OFFICE LO BANGKOK RB AU OFFICE SAN SALVADOR RB ABIDJAN RB NAIROBI IGCI RB SINGAPORE RB RB HARARE BUENOS AIRES YAOUNDE A Global Presence Organized and Emerging Crime Cybercrime Counter-Terrorism Global Facilitator 17 databases Nominal Stolen Motor Vehicles DNA Stolen & Lost Fingerprints Ballistic Information Travel Documents Police Databases • A warning system- INTERPOL Notices I-24/7 Secure Communication System(VPN) Project “Follow the Sun” Singapore Lyon Buenos Aires GMT 22:45 – 07:15 GMT 06:45 – 15:15 06:45 - 15:15 (local time) 07:45 - 16:15 GMT 14:45 – 23:15 (Winter - local time) 11:45 - 20:15 pm 08:45 - 17:15 (local time ) (Summer - local time) Command and Coordination Centre (CCC) 1 INFORMATION SHARING AND ANALYSIS INFORMATION SHARING AND ANALYSIS 2 GLOBAL COORDINATION IN CYBERCRIME INVESTIGATIONS GLOBAL COORDINATION -
'Transnational Criminal Law'?
MFK-Mendip Job ID: 9924BK--0085-3 3 - 953 Rev: 27-11-2003 PAGE: 1 TIME: 11:20 SIZE: 61,11 Area: JNLS OP: PB ᭧ EJIL 2003 ............................................................................................. ‘Transnational Criminal Law’? Neil Boister* Abstract International criminal law is currently subdivided into international criminal law stricto sensu — the so-called core crimes — and crimes of international concern — the so-called treaty crimes. This article suggests that the latter category can be appropriately relabelled transnational criminal law to find a doctrinal match for the criminological term transnational crime. The article argues that such a relabelling is justified because of the need to focus attention on this relatively neglected system, because of concerns about the process of criminalization of transnational conduct, legitimacy in the development of the system, doctrinal weaknesses, human rights considerations, legitimacy in the control of the system, and enforcement issues. The article argues that the distinction between international criminal law and transnational criminal law is sustainable on four grounds: the direct as opposed to indirect nature of the two systems, the application of absolute universality as opposed to more limited forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, the protection of international interests and values as opposed to more limited transnational values and interests, and the differently constituted international societies that project these penal norms. Finally, the article argues that the term transnational criminal law is apposite because it is functional and because it points to a legal order that attenuates the distinction between national and international. 1 Introduction The term ‘transnational crime’ is commonly used by criminologists, criminal justice officials and policymakers,1 but its complementary term, ‘transnational criminal law’ (TCL), is unknown to international lawyers. -
Transnational Organized Crime
IPI Blue Papers Transnational Organized Crime Task Forces on Strengthening Multilateral Security Capacity No. 2 2009 INTERNATIONAL PEACE INSTITUTE Transnational Organized Crime Transnational Organized Crime Task Forces on Strengthening Multilateral Security Capacity IPI Blue Paper No. 2 Acknowledgements The International Peace Institute (IPI) owes a great debt of gratitude to its many donors to the program Coping with Crisis, Conflict, and Change. In particular, IPI is grateful to the governments of Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The Task Forces would also not have been possible without the leadership and intellectual contribution of their co-chairs, government representatives from Permanent Missions to the United Nations in New York, and expert moderators and contributors. IPI wishes to acknowledge the support of the Greentree Foundation, which generously allowed IPI the use of the Greentree Estate for plenary meetings of the Task Forces during 2008. note Meetings were held under the Chatham House Rule. Participants were invited in their personal capacity. This report is an IPI product. Its content does not necessarily represent the positions or opinions of individual Task Force participants. © by International Peace Institute, 2009 All Rights Reserved www.ipinst.org CONTENTS Foreword, Terje Rød-Larsen. vii Acronyms. x Executive Summary. 1 The Challenge of Transnational Organized Crime (TOC). .4 Ideas for Action. .14 I. convene a hIgh-level ConFerenCe on toC aS a ThreaT To SeCurity ii. maP The impacts oF ToC on SeCurity, developmenT, and stability iii. strengThen Crime ThreaT analysis For un PeaCe efforts Iv. develoP straTegic, Investigative, and oPerational ParTnerShips v. -
Fraud & White Collar Crime 2019
FRAUD & WHITE COLLAR CRIME 2019 EXPERT GUIDE www.corporatelivewire.com 33 CHANCERY LANE Expert Guide | Fraud & White Collar Crime 2019 Dennis Miralis Australia [email protected] +61 02 9264 8884 www.ngm.com.au The Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission (ACIC) is Australia’s national criminal intelligence agency with ‘specialist investigative capabilities’. The ACIC is the White Collar Crime and International Investigations only agency in Australia that is exclusively focused on By Dennis Miralis combating serious and organised crime. Rapid globalisation has led to white collar crimes such as money focuses on the collaboration between them in addressing a num- laundering, tax evasion, fraud and bribery becoming increasingly ber of key crime areas including money laundering and transna- complex and transnational in nature. Australian government tional economic crime. agencies are therefore experiencing an increased need to adopt a global approach, collaborating with foreign governments and 2015 also saw the establishment of the Serious Financial Crime law enforcement agencies to ensure effective prevention, inves- Taskforce (SFCT), operating under the AFP run Fraud and Anti- tigation and prosecution of white collar crime. Corruption Centre. Which government agencies investigate white collar crime? The SFCT targets activities that occur both within Australia and in foreign jurisdictions. It works closely with international partner I. Australian Federal Police (AFP) agencies, both law enforcement and regulators, governments and organisations across the globe to target abusive use of secre- The Australian Federal Police (AFP) is Australia’s national law en- cy jurisdictions, trust fraud and international tax evasion fraud. AUSTRAC recognises that the transnational nature of money terrorism-related activities. -
Misuse of Interpol's Red Notices and Impact on Human Rights
STUDY Requested by the DROI committee Misuse of Interpol’s Red Notices and impact on human rights – recent developments Policy Department for External Relations Directorate General for External Policies of the Union PE 603.472 - January 2019 EN DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR EXTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT STUDY Misuse of Interpol’s Red Notices and impact on human rights – recent developments ABSTRACT International organisations continue to report the abuse by some states of Interpol’s Notice System to persecute national human rights defenders, civil society activists and critical journalists in violation of international standards of human rights. Available case studies, written reports and interviews with organisations working in the field confirm the reported abuses. Recent Interpol reforms have made significant impact on safeguarding individuals both substantially and procedurally. Nevertheless, and especially considering the significant increase in the number of Notices and Diffusions in the Interpol system, reforms remain to be fully implemented and transparency and enforcement mechanisms continue to leave room for improvement. Taking as a point of departure the responses from the EU institutions and bodies, and EU Member States, the study recommends taking further steps for Interpol to ensure full implementation of recent reforms, a fully transparent system and consistent legal and procedural safeguards for individuals in the Interpol Notice System. EP/EXPO/B/COMMITTEE/FWC/2013-08/Lot8/22 EN January2019 - PE 603.472 © European Union, 2019 Policy Department, Directorate-General for External Policies This paper was requested by the European Parliament's Subcommittee on Human Rights (DROI) English-language manuscript was completed on 17 January 2019. Printed in Belgium. -
INTERPOL Study on Fisheries Crime in the West African Coastal Region
STUDY ON FISHERIES CRIME IN THE WEST AFRICAN COASTAL REGION September 2014 Acknowledgements The INTERPOL Environmental Security Sub-Directorate (ENS) gratefully received contributions for the contents of this study from authorities in the following member countries: . Benin . Cameroon . Cape Verde . Côte d’Ivoire . The Gambia . Ghana . Guinea . Guinea Bissau . Liberia . Mauritania . Nigeria . Senegal . Sierra Leone . Togo And experts from the following organizations: . Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) . European Commission . Fisheries Committee for the West Central Gulf of Guinea (FCWC) . Hen Mpoano . International Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) Network . International Maritime Organization (IMO) . Maritime Trade Information Sharing Centre for the Gulf of Guinea (MTISC-GoG) . Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) . Norwegian National Advisory Group Against Organized IUU-Fishing . The Pew Charitable Trusts . Stop Illegal Fishing . Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC) . United States Agency for International Development / Collaborative Management for a Sustainable Fisheries Future (USAID / COMFISH) . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) . World Customs Organization (WCO) . World Bank This study was made possible with the financial support of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Cover photograph: Copyright INTERPOL. Acknowledgements Chapter: Chapter: 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ -
INTERPOL Member Country Statutory Contributions 2019
INTERPOL member country statutory contributions 2019 2019 COUNTRY % Contribution EUR United States of America 19.440 11,136,398 Japan 12.070 6,914,420 Germany 7.738 4,432,791 France 5.875 3,365,553 United Kingdom 5.782 3,312,277 Italy 4.892 2,802,431 China 3.737 2,140,778 Canada 3.013 1,726,027 Spain 2.805 1,606,872 Australia 2.043 1,170,353 Brazil 2.036 1,166,343 Netherlands 1.954 1,119,368 Korea (Rep.) 1.924 1,102,183 Russia 1.763 1,009,952 Mexico 1.686 965,842 Switzerland 1.478 846,687 Sweden 1.401 802,577 Belgium 1.305 747,582 Austria 1.098 629,000 Turkey 0.926 530,468 Norway 0.883 505,835 Poland 0.849 486,358 Saudi Arabia 0.803 460,007 Denmark 0.785 449,695 Finland 0.665 380,952 Greece 0.664 380,379 India 0.560 320,802 Argentina 0.525 300,752 Portugal 0.499 285,857 Czech Republic 0.475 272,109 Ireland 0.436 249,767 United Arab Emirates 0.425 243,466 Israel 0.419 240,028 Venezuela 0.399 228,571 Singapore 0.368 210,812 South Africa 0.327 187,325 Hungary 0.259 148,371 2019 COUNTRY % Contribution EUR Iran 0.259 148,371 Chile 0.258 147,798 New Zealand 0.255 146,079 Indonesia 0.245 140,351 Malaysia 0.233 133,476 Kuwait 0.218 124,883 Thailand 0.214 122,592 Slovakia 0.209 119,728 Colombia 0.191 109,416 Romania 0.113 64,733 Qatar 0.138 79,055 Luxembourg 0.128 73,326 Egypt 0.117 67,025 Libya 0.117 67,025 Philippines 0.117 67,025 Algeria 0.107 61,296 Peru 0.099 56,713 Slovenia 0.092 52,703 Oman 0.085 48,693 Croatia 0.084 48,120 Kazakhstan 0.044 25,206 Pakistan 0.069 39,527 Ukraine 0.069 39,527 Nigeria 0.065 37,236 Iceland 0.063 36,090 Cuba -
Organization Interpol
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. APR ~1976 , INTERNATIONAL' CRIMINAL ,POLICE ORGANIZATION INTERPOL / XXXVlllth GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION MEXICO 13th - 18th OCTOBER 1969 Report submitted by ~he GENERAL SECRETARIAT Subject : POWERS. AND DUTIES OF THE POLICE WITH REGARD TO DETENTION. A INTRODUCTION Backa-FC?1l.?d to. the survey. The Organisation's programme of activities adopted by tho G:~:c9ral Assembly sessions in.1965 and 1967 included an important survey, to be conctucted in several stages 7 of tho powers and duties of the police whon investigating offences against criminal law. The first part of this survey covers thG pm-Ters and dutios of the police with regard to the detention of persons. Circula.r N° 1898-POLNA!112 lias sent oat on 8th April 1968 to all ,'.' Interpol Nation9.l Central Bureaus 7 enclosing a q.uestionnaire on this subject. t. ; The Circular explained that the aim of the survey was to obtain information t~ from each a.ffiliated country on the legal conditions in which "the pOli.ce m~y ~ hold for a certain time for th~ purposes of criminal enquiries a person who • has not boen charged and for whom a 'tITarrant of arrest has nO'b been issued by ~.. \:0 a magistrate". .j. ~ 'r - 2 - - 3 - Power to datal'n or hold a person fO)' qu t' , vTe felt there was little point in dealing with arrests made by order exercise of the power of arrest. Fo~ t es lOnlng ~s subordinate to the of a magistrate with a view to bringing a person to trial, or arrests made in to the power of detaining a parson Whoh~:en~~un~rles therefors 7 with regard execution of a conviction, since the regulations governing such cases are arrest warrant has been; "''''ued 't c arged and for Vlhom no probably of a similar natuy.o in most oountries. -
INVESTMENT-English-2018.Pdf
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST GRACIOUS, THE MOST MERCIFUL H.H. Sheikh Nawaf Al Ahmad H.H. Sheikh Sabah Al Ahmad H.H. Sheikh Jaber Al Mubarak Al Jaber Al Sabah Al Jaber Al Sabah Al Hamad Al Sabah Crown prince of the State of Kuwait Amir of the State of Kuwait Prime minister of the State of Kuwait CONTENTS CHAIRMAN’S LERTTER | 6 BOARD OF DIRECTORS | 9 EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT | 9 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | 10 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT | 20 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION | 24 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME | 25 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | 26 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY | 28 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS | 29 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 32 TAMDEEN Investment Company - K.P.S.C and its subsidiaries - Kuwait 5 ESTEEMED BROTHERS, Boursa Kuwait general index recorded gains for the CHAIRMAN’S third successive year, driven by increasing buying of the shares of major companies. This performance reflected in index of the first market which rose by 9.9% thereby LETTER making up for the decline of the main market index by 1.9%, and resulting in a 5.2% gain for the general index ESTEEMED for the year. Boursa Kuwait was further supported by SHAREHOLDERS, being promoted by the FTSE Index to the Emerging Markets class in two stages. In another development, the global rating agencies raised Kuwait’s credit rating, MAY PEACE AND ALLAH’S with a stable outlook, as a result of the huge efforts MERCY AND BLESSINGS BE made by the Kuwaiti Ministry of Finance and the UPON YOU.