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The Marikana Massacre and Lessons for the Left

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The Marikana Massacre and Lessons for the Left The Marikana Massacre and Lessons for the Left Mary Smith TV coverage of the Marikana massacre dozen of the dead were cap- had a sickening sense of d´ej`avu about tured in news footage shot it; uniformed men, rifles aimed, the crack at the scene. The majority of gunfire, black bodies in the dust - of those who died, according Sharpeville, Soweto, iconic images of South to surviving strikers and re- Africa under Apartheid. But this was Au- searchers, were killed beyond gust 16th 2012, not the last century; the the view of cameras at a non- killers took their orders not from the old descript collection of boulders racist Apartheid regime of Botha or de some 300 metres behind Won- Klerk, but from the state headed by the derkop. `liberators' - the African National Congress (ANC). On one of these rocks, encom- Another image of South Africa: the passed closely on all sides by long patient queues, waiting since dawn solid granite boulders, is the to vote for the first time; hope and pride letter `N', the 14th letter of and joy in the faces. That was 1994 - the alphabet. Here, N repre- the year the struggle had smashed through sents the 14th body of a strik- Apartheid and ushered in a government led ing miner to be found by a po- by the ANC, pledged to `peace, jobs, free- lice forensics team in this iso- dom'. lated place. These letters are So how could it have come to this, used by forensics to detail were to state-sponsored murder, eighteen years the corpses lay. later? One of the leading unions There is a thick spread of blood in the Confederation of South African deep into the dry soil, show- Trades Unions (COSATU) commented ing that N was shot and killed that `..[Marikana] must go down in our on the spot. There is no trail history as the first post-apartheid South of blood leading to where N African State massacre of the organised died the blood saturates one working class, in defence of the local and spot only, indicating no fur- international mining bosses and their prof- ther movement. (It would have 1 its.' This article attempts to explain not been outside of the scope of only why such a thing could happen but the human body to crawl here why it was almost inevitable that it should. bleeding so profusely.) Ap- But first we look at the massacre itself the proaching N from all possi- events surrounding it and the wider rele- ble angles, observing the lo- vance of the strike. cal geography, it is clear that A local reporter describing the events to shoot N, the shooter would of August 16th 2012 writes: have to be close. Very close, in fact, almost within touching Of the 34 miners killed at distance. (After having spent Marikana, no more than a days here at the bloody mas- 1http://numsa.org.za/article/numsa-central-committee-cc-press-statement-2012-09-02 53 sacre site, it does not take too Follow the numbered events on the much imagination for me to be- accompanying map to understand how lieve that N might have begged shocking was this premeditated slaughter. for his life on that winter af- ternoon.) And on the deadly 1. On the day of the killing about Thursday afternoon, N's mur- 3,000 striking miners were gathered derer could only have been a on and just below the `mountain' (ac- policeman. I say murderer be- tually a small hill). Joseph Mathun- cause there is not a single re- jwa, president of the union, the As- port on an injured policeman sociation of Mineworkers and Con- from the day. I say murderer struction Union (AMCU), came and because there seems to have pleaded with them to leave to avoid been no attempt to uphold our a police attack. The miners refused. citizens' right to life and fair re- course to justice. It is hard to 2. Within 15 minutes of Mathunjwa imagine that N would have re- leaving, the police and army laid sisted being taken into custody razor wire, separating the strikers when thus cornered. There is from the Enkanini informal settle- no chance of escape out of a ment, where many of them live. ring of police.2 Casspirs (armoured cars), horses and water cannon moved up to encircle the workers. 3. Some workers walked down to the ra- zor wire to see if they could still get out through a gap. Witnesses say po- lice near the `small koppie' (hillock) opened fire on them, probably with rubber bullets. Some workers fled through a five metre gap in the razor wire. They were met with a barrage of live fire from the police and many died. Images of this shooting were broadcast around the world. 4. Terrified strikers scattered in all di- rections, with a large number head- ing for cover by a koppie about 300 This interpretation of the killings is metres in the opposite direction from supported by an investigating team com- the wire. This `killing koppie' is prising Peter Alexander, chair in Social where the largest number of strik- Change and Professor of Sociology at ers died. No cameras recorded this the University of Johannesburg, and re- slaughter. But evidence remained searchers Thapelo Lekgowa and Botsang on Monday, four days after the mas- Mmope, outlined below: sacre. There are remnants of pools 2http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the- cold-murder-fields-of-marikana 54 of blood. Police markers show where people. In fact, key lead- corpses were removed. We found ers of the workers' commit- markers labeled with letters up to `J'. tee have been arrested, in- timidated and tortured during 5. -8 Other strikers were killed as they the time in which the commis- fled across the fields. Some exam- sion has taken place, and we ples are marked on the map. Shots therefore question the extent to were fired from helicopters and some which the commission is able to workers, heading for hillock, were provide a space that is not bi- crushed by Casspirs. By Monday ased against the workers' per- the whole area had been swept clean spective.4 of rubber bullets, bullet casings and tear-gas canisters. We also saw Initially, half of the Lonmin Strike patches of burned grass, which local Committee, due to testify before the Com- workers claim are the remains of po- mission, were charged with the murder lice fires used to obscure evidence of of their own colleagues, under an old deaths.3 Apartheid era law of `common purpose'. These charges were subsequently `provi- sionally dropped', after public protest and Following the massacre, the community threatened unrest but not one police officer of Marikana lived under a virtual state or official has been charged in relation to of emergency, with police patrols, raids the massacre. Meanwhile relatives of those and reports of unlawful arrests and harass- killed make long, difficult journeys to at- ment. Most of the miners who were killed tend the Commission. UK-based barrister and badly injured were sole breadwinners, James Nichol traveled to South Africa to and the loss of their earnings has left many participate as one of the legal team sup- of their dependents in a desperate situa- porting the miners and their families. As tion. The State has set up a Commission well as formal duties attached to this role, of Inquiry under retired judge Ian Farlam, he sends to his friends and colleagues back that already, less than two months into home, brief ‘reflections and impressions', its expected six month duration, is cruelly as he describes them, of the day-to-day flawed. A new publication based on first proceedings in the court. He sent the fol- hand accounts of the killings and their af- lowing before Christmass: termath by the miners themselves makes the following observation: Finally, after 3 weeks and a 1000 kms, grieving widows, [The commission] aims to pro- mothers sisters and broth- vide `truth and justice' on the ers have arrived. Their ne- basis of evidence presented to glect shameful, and contin- the commissioners, but it has ues...Video footage shown not observed working condi- without warning, machine tions underground and oper- guns, dead bodiesWeeping, un- ates in a courtroom environ- controllable fills the audito- ment alienating for ordinary rium, most have not seen be- 3http://socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=29403 4Peter Alexander et al, Marikana: A View from the Mountain and a Case to Answer, London, Book- marks Publications, 2013, p19. 55 fore, most have no television, strike also saw the growth of the new union most have no electricity. There AMCU, and of its power to shut down pro- are no shoulders to cry on, no- duction. This terrified the mining bosses one to hug, only one person as well as the corrupt leadership of the now per family, allowedtoo expen- discredited National Union of Mineworkers sive. We warned the Com- (NUM), who openly collaborated with the mission - many times ignored. industry and the State against the striking They rejected trauma and be- miners. reavement councilors paid for The ANC government had identified (by many of you) from the platinum as central to its resource-based Marikana Support Campaign. development strategy; planning for a new `platinum valley' to concentrate platinum- based manufacturing industries. But these The Strike plans were severely hit by the global crisis There is heavy, and growing, government and a dramatic fall in the price of plat- interference in the media in South Africa inum.
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