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107704NCJRS.Pdf .. If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. ~ • i! T ~• .• ' -r I •• p I • I • I , f J I I A fII, ... .. .. I .~• - • .. - - - I talt" II .' , ~/ //11 .. ~' f I I - J , ' '.' """ J J ' , / L-- ; /' i) . J , - \ 107701- \ U,S. Department of Justice National institute of Juatlce 107706 \ I This document has been reproduced e)(actly as received from the \ person or organization ollglnatlng It. Points of view or opinions staled In this document are those of the authors and do nol necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. \ Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material has been granted by FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin .----~-----.,---------------------- tothe National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). FUrther reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permis­ sion of the copyright owner. -.~.-~-,,---.---- if II " , '"I II" ~ /' October 1987, Volwn.56, Number 11 = fILM WITH f,,1d:l! ~!l"?JClE 1 Terrorism Today 1077 0 '1 Ci By Oliver B. Revell 107702.. Domestic Terrorism In the 1980's ~ By John W. Harris, Jr. .- 1077CJ3 The FBI and Terrorism ~ By Steven L. Pomerantz /6770,( Irish Terrorism Investigations E By J.L. Stone, Jr. ( (J 770$ E Narco-Terrorlsm , By Daniel Boyce 'I/o [2~ FBI's Expanding Role In Internl1'tlonal " , () 7 7!J 6 Terrorism Investigations By D.F. Martell ~r~~~~~~~!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'~I~~~~~_~I~.~~'~"~~~~~~~~~ Law Enforcement Bulletin e United Stat.s Department at Justice Published by the Office of Publlo Affairs TtI.Cov.r: Federal Bur.au of Inve.tlgatlon Milt Ahlerlch, Aotlng Asslstsnt Director Thle l88ue of the Bullelln Ie a epeclal report 0/1 Washington, DC 20535 terrorism. Cover design by John e. Ott. Editor-Thomas J. Oeakln John E. Otto, Acting Director Ass/stent Editor-Kathryn E. Sulewski Art Dlrector-John E. Ott Th. Attorn.y G.n.r.1 hili d.termlned that the The FBI LaW elllforc.m.nt Bull.tln publication of thl. periodical I. n.c.... ry In the Production Msnager-Mark A. Zeitler (ISSN./l91"'~88) I, pubUahed monthly by'thll Iran ••ctlon of the public bualMI' required by Reprints-Carolyn F. Tl1Ompson ':edei I, BurellU of Inv.ltlgetlon, 10th and P.nn­ law of the Department of Justice. Ule of tunds aylvanl. Avf.,;, N.W., Wuhlngton, DO 20535. tor printing thl. ~rJodlcal has b1tn approved Second-cla •• poet.g. p.ld .t W.thlngton, DC. by th. Director of thl Offlc. ot Mallagom.nt Postm ••tor: S~nd addr.rA Chang •• 10 Fedor.1 and Budget through June 6, 1968. B:\Ireau of Inv.stlgatlon, ':BI L~ enforoem.nt Bull,tln, W•• hlngton, DO 20535. ':":"'::------____________....... Iooo:=q____________ ,', ___ - __.~~'L~;I_ 'SSN 0014-5688 USPS 383 ... 310 , I,~ If ~ ~ I I: Irish Terrorism Investigations "In spite of FBI successes, Irish nationals and sympathetic U.S. citizens continue to attempt to obtain weapons and money In the United States in violation of existing Federal laws. ' By J.L. STONE, JR., M.P.A. Supervisory Intelligence Research SpeCialist Terrorist Research and Analytloal Center Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington, DC Within the parameters of the FBI's situation, If necessary. and on arresting lect Is to gather evidence for eventual overall law enforcement mission, IrIsh the perpetrators with the ultimate goal prosecution. terrorism Investigations are address(;<j of prosecution and Incarceration. Suc­ As a result of this aggressive In­ through a twofold approach-preven­ cesses In terrorism Investigations have vestigative effort, the FBI has been suc­ tion and reaction. In this regard, FBI resulted In a precipitous decline In the cessful in a number of Irish terrorism In· field divisions are prepared to assum~ number of total Incidents In the United vestlgatlons by obtaining Indictments either a preventive or reactive stance States over the past several years. and convictions. Additional Investiga­ as the situation dictates. Given a The FBI has adopted a strategy of tions are ongOing, which should lead to chol~'9., the obvious preference would viewing terrorists, Including Irish, to be future legal action. be to prevent terrorist activity. Lawful In­ individuals Involved In criminal enter­ These Investigations are focused telilgence gathering techniques, such prises. This allows for Investigations on three principal areas of activity: (1) as use of Informants, undercover oper­ predicated on criminal activity rather Involvement In weapons procurement ations, and court-ordered electronic than on political or Ideological motlva­ In the United States and illegal trans· surveillance, are Instrumental tools In ilons. With this emphasis, there Is less port of these weapons to Northern Ire­ this effort. AI~~ of benefit are- good concern with why this activity Is being land or the Republic of Irela'1d, (2) fund· \\ working relationships with Intelligence employed than with the fact that crimes relslng efforts in the United States with " and law enforcement agencies at all are being committed. Irish terrot/sm in­ Illegal transfer of this funding to North­ levels, both In the United States and In­ vestigations Involve Identification of ern Ireland to directly support Irish ter­ ternationally. subjects and group leaders, develop· rorist elements operating there, and (3) The second approach Involves tra­ ment of assoclailons, and tracing of fi· Identifying Irish terrorists who are In the ditional law enforcement activity after nanclal and support structures. The United States Illegally. U.S. statutes have been violated. Prln­ focus Is on the total network and the ob- Irish terrorism matters are Investl· clpai emphaSis here Is on stabilizing the gated under specific guidelines relating 18 I FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin ______________________________ /j to International terrorism Investigations. and abetting Irish terrorist elements, Criminal activity Is Investigated under there Is no basis for pursuing an Inves­ the Attorney General's Guidelines for tigation. General Crimes, Racketeering Enter­ prises, and Domestic Security/Terror­ Major Irish Groups Active In Ism Investigations (1983). Electronic The United States survelllanCl'~s in criminal matters are Investigations have shown that generally pursued under the provisions Irish group activity in the United States, of Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control In support of the Irish Republican Move­ and Safe Streets Act of 1968. These ment, centers around three principal matters are also Investigated under the elements: The Irish Republican Army or Mr. Stone Attorney General's Forelg,n Counterin­ Provisional Irish Republican Army telligence Guidelines (1983). Electronic (PIRA) as it Is often referred to, the Irish surveillances are generally conducted National Liberation Army (INLA), and according to the Foreign Intelligence the Irish Northern Aid Commltteel Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) and are Northern Irish Aid (NORAID). One other authorized by a specially constituted group with possible sympathizers In the Federal court. While the primary pur­ United States, the Ulster Volunteer pose of these Intercepts is the collec­ Force (UVF), Is a "loyalist" and anti­ tion of Intelligence data bearing on the movement element. national security, clear provisions are made for the use of evidentiary material PIRA In criminal prosecutions (see United PIRA Is a militant Marxist organiza­ States v. Megahey, 553 F. Supp. i180 tion composed primarily of residents of (E.D.N.Y. 1982), affirmed, 729 F.2d Northern Ireland andlor the Republic of 1444 (2d Cir. 1983). Recent court deci­ Ireland who are committed to achieving sions Indicate that surveillances under British withdrawal from Northern Ireland FISA will continue to be valuable in and the establishment of a united 32- both preventing and reacting to terrorist county democratic socialist republic In activity. Ireland. It Is an extremely violent group, In all such matters, protection of In­ having committed numerous terrorist dividual and group first amendment acts against the British military, Irish ci­ constitUtional rights Is of paramount vilians, and those they perceive as up­ concern. For example, no case is Initi­ holders of British rule in Northern Ire­ ated solely on the basis of membership land. One such act resulted In the death in an organization or the donation of of a U.S. citizen In the December 1983, money to the organization or cause. In bombing of Harrod's Department Store many instances, donors believe that In London. PIRA is extremely well­ \. this money Is going for charitable armed and well-organized. Investiga­ I' causes (e.g., aid to support families of tion of PIRA activities In the United imprisoned Irish soldiers). Barling spe­ States has centered on Individuals who cific artlculable facts which Indicate that are operatives or supporters of this or­ a group or Individual's activities (collect­ ganization Involved In the acquisition of Ing funds, weapons procurement, etc.) weapons or funds to procure them. are criminal In nature, such as aiding ---------------------_____________ Oclober1987 I 19 - , '. .' .. -~. ~ _ .. -po., • 'a,. t • "Investigations have shown that Irish group activity In the United States ... centers around three principal elements: The Irish Republican Army or... the Irish National Liberation ArmYausnd the Irish Northern Aid Committee .... " INLA which was established by Sir Edward Court, Northern District of California, INLA Is essentially a Marxist­ Carson In 1912 to resist the need for Ul­ the presiding judge rendered a decision Leninist oriented group also dedicated ster to participate In Irish Home Rule. that Quinn should be raleased from to the formation of a united 32-county UVF sympathizers In the United custody. The judge made this ruling democratic socialist republic In Ireland. States are Involved, albelt sporadically, based on his Interpretation that the ex· It subscribes to violence as a means of in rather low-level attempts to obtain tradition treaty between the United ousting the British from Ulster and over­ weapons which would be used by UVF States and Great Britain did not cover throwing the Government of the Re­ members In Northern Ireland against what the judge defined as a "pOlitical pUbluc of Ireland.
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