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The Helminth Fauna of Apathya Cappadocica (Werner, 1902) (Anatolian Lizard) (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Turkey

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The Helminth Fauna of Apathya Cappadocica (Werner, 1902) (Anatolian Lizard) (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Turkey ©2015 Institute of Parasitology, SAS, Košice DOI 10.1515/helmin-2015-0049 HELMINTHOLOGIA, 52, 4: 310 – 315, 2015 The helminth fauna of Apathya cappadocica (Werner, 1902) (Anatolian Lizard) (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Turkey S. BIRLIK1, H. S. YILDIRIMHAN1, N. SÜMER1, Ç. ILGAZ2, Y. KUMLUTAŞ2, Ö. GÜÇLÜ3, S. H. DURMUŞ4 1Uludag University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey; 2Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 35160, Buca-İzmir, Turkey, E-mail: [email protected]; 3Aksaray University, Güzelyurt Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production, 68500, Güzelyurt/Aksaray, Turkey; 4Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Education, Department of Biology, 35160, Buca-İzmir, Turkey Article info Summary Received May 28, 2015 A total of thirty-one Anatolian Lizard, Apathya cappacocica, samples from several provinces of East- Accepted June 4, 2015 ern and South-Eastern Turkey were examined for helminths. Two species of Nematoda, including Spauligodon atlanticus, Skrjabinodon medinae; two species of Cestoda, including Mesocestoides sp. tetrahydia and Oochoristica tuberculata and one species of Acanthocephala, Centrorhynchus sp. were found. This is the fi rst helminth record of A. cappodocica from Turkey. A. cappadocica represents a new host record for each of the parasite species. S. atlanticus is reported from Turkey for the fi rst time. Keywords: Nematoda; Cestoda; Acanthocephala; Anatolian lizard; Apathya cappadocica; Turkey Introduction vilacerta parva (Saygı & Olgun, 1993); Crimean Wall Lizard, Po- darcis tauricus (Schad et al., 1960); Pleske’s Racerunner-Trans- The Anatolian Lizard, Apathya cappadocica (Werner 1902) is caucasian Racerunner, Eremias pleskei, Strauch’s Racerunner, found in Turkey (central, eastern, southern and southeastern Ana- Eremias strauchi, Suphan Racerunner, Eremias suphani (Düsen tolia), northern Syria, northern Iraq, and northwestern Iran (Ilgaz et al., 2013); Ocellated Skink Chalcides ocellatus (Incedogan et et al., 2010; Baran et al., 2012). A. cappadocica is medium sized al., 2014). lizard with a total length up to 25 cm. The vertical distribution of This is the fi rst detailed helminthological study conducted on A. the species varies from 300 and 1.700 m. asl. This species was cappadocica from Turkey. The purpose of this paper is to provide found exclusively in rocky, stony or pebbly areas and outcrops an initial helminth list for A. cappadocica. with sparse vegetation and rock mounds. It is occasionally seen in wooded areas. It could move easily from sunlight to shadow and Material and Methods could take refuge in crevices. The females lay between three and seven eggs. It is not known from modifi ed habitats (Baran & Atatür, In total a thirty-one lizard samples were collected in 2014 from 5 1998; Clark & Clark, 1973; Anderson, 1999). localities in Turkey. The locations of all of the study sites within 5 To our knowledge, only 14 (20 %) of the 69 lizards reported to localities in Turkey are shown in Fig.1. Thirty-one specimens of occur in Turkey (Uetz, 2012) have been examined for helminths: A. cappadocica (12 males, 15 females, 4 subadult, mean snout- Danford’s Lizard, Anatololacerta danfordi (Gürelli et al., 2007); vent length = 68,57 ± 11,46 mm, with a range from 46.0 to 87.0 Slow Worm, Anguis fragilis (Schad et al., 1960) Turkish Worm mm) were collected by hand in 2014 from Karabıyıklı village, Lizard, Blanus strauchi (Yıldırımhan et al., 2009); Turkish Gecko, Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş (4) (37°18ʹN, 37°11ʹE, 930 m eleva- Hemidactylus turcicus (Tinar, 1982), Balkan Emerald Lizard, La- tion, on 29 April 2014, n=12), Sakçagözü, Nurdağı, Gaziantep certa trilineata (Yıldırımhan et al., 2011); European Green Lizard, (3) (37°10ʹN, 36°56ʹE, 806 m elevation, on 29 April 2014, n= 4), Lacerta viridis (Schad et al., 1960); Caucasian Agama, Paralauda- Ceylanlı, Kırıkhan, Hatay (1) (36°33ʹN, 36°22ʹE, 278 m elevation, kia caucasia (Yıldırımhan et al.,2006); Roughtail Rock Aga ma, on 1 May 2014, n=2), between Kilis and Hassa 32. km, Kilis (2) Stellagama stellio (Yıldırımhan et al., 2006); Dwarf Lizard, Par- (36°50ʹN, 36°53ʹE, 540 m elevation, on 2 May 2014, n=6 ) and 310 Fig.1. The collection locations of Apathya cappadocica from eastern and South-eastern part of Turkey Halfeti, Şanlıurfa (5) (37°14ʹN, 37°53ʹE, 590 m elevation, on 2 May descriptive ecological terms follows Bush et al. (1997). 2014 n=7) Turkey. Lizards were transported to the laboratory, over- Helminth voucher specimens were deposited in the helminth col- anaesthetized with ether, sexed and body lengths measured. The lection of Uludag University Museum of Zoology, Bursa, Turkey. body cavity was opened by a longitudinal incision and the gastro- Lizard specimens were deposited in the Department of Biology, intestinal tract was removed by cutting across the oesophagus and Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey. rectum. The esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, and lungs were opened and separately examined for helminths under Results a dissecting microscope. Nematodes were killed in hot saline solu- tion, fi xed in 70 % ethanol, and mounted in glycerol. Cestodes were Five species of helminth parasites were detected in Anatolian Liz- fi xed in 70 % ethanol, stained with iron-carmine as described by ard. These species were Mesocestoides sp., Oochoristica tuber- Georgiev et al. (1986), cleared in clove oil, and mounted in Entel- culata (Cestoda); Spauligodon atlanticus, Skrjabinodon medinae lan®. Helminth identifi cation was based on keys given by Schmidt (Nematoda); and Centrorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala). Of 31 A. (1986), Petter and Quentin (1976), Yorke and Maplestone (1926), cappadocica 21 (67 %) were infected with one or more parasites. Yamaguti (1961, 1963), Baker (1987), Bray et al. (2008). Parasites Of 31 host lizard 10 (32 %) were infected by any parasite species. were identifi ed, when possible, to species, and the number and lo- Total 235 individuals of 5 parasite species were collected from 21 cation of individuals of each species were recorded. The use of Anatolian lizards. Table1. Prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance Helminth species Site of infection Prevalence (%) Mean intensity Mean abundance Cestoda Mesocestoides sp. (larvae) body cavity 9.67 14 1.35 Oochoristica tuberculata small intestine 3.22 1 0.03 Nematoda Skrjabinodon medinae caecum 45.16 6.21 2.80 Spauligodon atlanticus large intestine41.93 7.69 3.22 Acanthocephala Centrorhynchus sp. body cavity 9.67 1.66 0.16 311 Table 2. The lizard species studied in Turkey and identifi ed helminth species. (1. Schad et al. (1960) 2. Yıldırımhan et al. 2009 3. Tınar 1982. 4. Tınar 1983 5. Yıldırımhan et al. 2008 6. Saygı and Olgun 1993, 7. Yıldırımhan et al. 2011 8. Yıldırımhan et al. 2006 9.Gürelli et al. 2007 10. Düşen et al. 2013 11. Incedogan et al. 2014 12. *Current study) Apathya cappadocica Anguis fragilis Blanus strauchi Hemidactylus turcicus Lacerta trilineata Lacerta viridis Podarcis tauricus Parvilacerta parva Stellegama stellio Paralaudakia caucasica Anatolalacerta danfordi Chalcides ocellatus Eremias pleskei Eremias strauchi Eremias suphani * Digenea Plagiorchis elegans --- --- --- 7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Pleurogenoides medians --- --- --- 7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Brachylaima sp. (metacercaria) --- --- --- 7 --- --- --- --- --- --- 11 --- --- --- --- Cestoda Oochoristica tuberculata --- --- --- 7 --- --- --- --- 8 --- 11 --- --- 10 12 Joyeuxiella pasqualei --- --- 4 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Mesocestoides sp. (tetrathyridia) --- --- --- 7 --- --- --- --- --- 9 --- --- --- --- 12 Nematoda Abbreviata abbreviata --- --- --- 7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Ascarops strongylina (larva) --- --- --- 7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Ascaridae (larva) --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Entomelas entomelas 1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Entomelas dujardini 1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Falcaustra armenica --- --- --- 7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Foleyella candezei --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 8 8 --- --- --- --- --- --- Moaciria icosiensis --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11 --- --- --- --- Oswaldocruzia fi liformis --- --- --- 7 1 1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Oswaldocruzia skrjabini 1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Oxysomatium brevicaudatum 1 --- ---- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Pharyngodon mamillatus --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11 --- --- --- --- Pharyngodon inermicauda --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11 --- --- --- --- Parapharyngodon bulbosus --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11 --- --- --- --- Parapharyngodon kasauli --- --- --- --- --- 1 --- 8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Parapharyngodon tyche --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 8 8 --- --- --- --- --- --- Parapharyngodon micipsae --- 2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Physaloptera sp. (larva) --- --- --- --- 1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 10 --- Skrjabinodon medinae --- --- --- 7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 12 Skrjabinodon aegyptiacus --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 11 --- --- --- --- Skrjabinelazia hoffmanni --- --- --- 7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Skrjabinelazia taurica --- --- ---- --- --- 1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Spauligodon sp. --- --- ---- --- --- --- 6 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Spauligodon atlanticus ---
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