MECHANISMS and GENOMIC PATTERNS of REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION in XIPHOPHORUS FISHES a Dissertation by RONGFENG CUI Submitted To
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The Evolution of the Placenta Drives a Shift in Sexual Selection in Livebearing Fish
LETTER doi:10.1038/nature13451 The evolution of the placenta drives a shift in sexual selection in livebearing fish B. J. A. Pollux1,2, R. W. Meredith1,3, M. S. Springer1, T. Garland1 & D. N. Reznick1 The evolution of the placenta from a non-placental ancestor causes a species produce large, ‘costly’ (that is, fully provisioned) eggs5,6, gaining shift of maternal investment from pre- to post-fertilization, creating most reproductive benefits by carefully selecting suitable mates based a venue for parent–offspring conflicts during pregnancy1–4. Theory on phenotype or behaviour2. These females, however, run the risk of mat- predicts that the rise of these conflicts should drive a shift from a ing with genetically inferior (for example, closely related or dishonestly reliance on pre-copulatory female mate choice to polyandry in conjunc- signalling) males, because genetically incompatible males are generally tion with post-zygotic mechanisms of sexual selection2. This hypoth- not discernable at the phenotypic level10. Placental females may reduce esis has not yet been empirically tested. Here we apply comparative these risks by producing tiny, inexpensive eggs and creating large mixed- methods to test a key prediction of this hypothesis, which is that the paternity litters by mating with multiple males. They may then rely on evolution of placentation is associated with reduced pre-copulatory the expression of the paternal genomes to induce differential patterns of female mate choice. We exploit a unique quality of the livebearing fish post-zygotic maternal investment among the embryos and, in extreme family Poeciliidae: placentas have repeatedly evolved or been lost, cases, divert resources from genetically defective (incompatible) to viable creating diversity among closely related lineages in the presence or embryos1–4,6,11. -
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Texas A&M University THE ARCHITECTURE OF PHENOTYPES IN A NATURALLY HYBRIDIZING COMPLEX OF XIPHOPHORUS FISHES A Dissertation by JAMES BRADLEY JOHNSON Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Gil G. Rosenthal Committee Members, Adam G. Jones Kirk O. Winemiller Lee A. Fitzgerald Head of Department, Thomas McKnight May 2013 Major Subject: Zoology Copyright 2013 James B. Johnson ABSTRACT The origin and maintenance of phenotypic variation has generated considerable interest among students of functional morphology, sexual selection and behavioral ecology. In particular, hybridization has been suggested as a phenomenon which may generate novel phenotypic variation. In this dissertation I focus on the Xiphophorus birchmanni - X. malinche hybrid system to assess the role of hybridization in altering behavioral, morphological, sexual and non-sexual traits. I determine the relationship between the sword sexual ornament and body condition to support previous work which suggests that the sword is an inexpensive means to increase apparent size. My findings support the prediction that, while body size is condition-dependent, the sword is not. I show a trend toward hybrid populations displaying increased phenotypic variance and reduced phenotypic integration in sexual ornaments and body size. These findings provide evidence for a potential answer to a central question in the study of sexual selection, that of reduced genetic and phenotypic variance in sexual ornaments as the result of persistent direction selection generated by female choice. -
Dissolution of Sexual Signal Complexes in a Hybrid Zone Between the Swordtails Xiphophorus Birchmanni and Xiphophorus Malinche (Poeciliidae)
COPEIA Friday Feb 21 2003 06:25 PM cope 03_210 Mp_299 Allen Press x DTPro System File # 10TQ Copeia, 2003(2), pp. 299±307 Dissolution of Sexual Signal Complexes in a Hybrid Zone between the Swordtails Xiphophorus birchmanni and Xiphophorus malinche (Poeciliidae) GIL G. ROSENTHAL,XOCHITL F. DE LA ROSA REYNA,STEVEN KAZIANIS, MATTHEW J. STEPHENS,DONALD C. MORIZOT,MICHAEL J. RYAN, AND FRANCISCO J. GARCIÂADELEOÂ N The evolution of sexual signaling systems is in¯uenced by natural and sexual selection acting on complex interactions among traits. Natural hybrid zones are ex- cellent systems for assessing ®tness effects on sexual phenotypes. Most documented hybrid zones, however, show little variation in sexual signals. A hybrid zone between the swordtails Xiphophorus birchmanni and Xiphophorus malinche is characterized by numerous recombinants for male sexual traits. Analyses of geographic variation in morphological and isozyme traits in the RõÂo Calnali, Hidalgo, Mexico, reveal an upstream-to-downstream gradient from X. malinche-toX. birchmanni-type traits. A second hybrid zone, likely isolated from the R. Calnali, occurs in the nearby Arroyo Pochutla. Although the presumed female preference for swords predicts the intro- gression of swords from X. malinche-like populations into hybrid populations, the opposite pattern was observed. Swords are reduced in populations otherwise char- acterized by X. malinche traits. Sexually dimorphic traits were poorly correlated with- in individuals, indicating that sexual selection does not act against recombinant phe- notypes. Hybrid males also exhibit trait values outside the range of parental varia- tion. These patterns are consistent with predictions that females are permissive, preferring generally conspicuous males without attending to speci®c features. -
The Role of Olfactory Genes in the Expression of Rodent Paternal Care Behavior
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review The Role of Olfactory Genes in the Expression of Rodent Paternal Care Behavior Tasmin L. Rymer 1,2,3 1 College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia; [email protected]; Tel.: +61-7-4232-1629 2 Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia 3 School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa Received: 30 January 2020; Accepted: 5 March 2020; Published: 10 March 2020 Abstract: Olfaction is the dominant sensory modality in rodents, and is crucial for regulating social behaviors, including parental care. Paternal care is rare in rodents, but can have significant consequences for offspring fitness, suggesting a need to understand the factors that regulate its expression. Pup-related odor cues are critical for the onset and maintenance of paternal care. Here, I consider the role of olfaction in the expression of paternal care in rodents. The medial preoptic area shares neural projections with the olfactory and accessory olfactory bulbs, which are responsible for the interpretation of olfactory cues detected by the main olfactory and vomeronasal systems. The olfactory, trace amine, membrane-spanning 4-pass A, vomeronasal 1, vomeronasal 2 and formyl peptide receptors are all involved in olfactory detection. I highlight the roles that 10 olfactory genes play in the expression of direct paternal care behaviors, acknowledging that this list is not exhaustive. -
Pheromonal Mechanisms of Reproductive Isolation in Xiphophorus
PHEROMONAL MECHANISMS OF REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN XIPHOPHORUS AND THEIR HYBRIDS A Dissertation by CHRISTOPHER HOLLAND Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Gil G. Rosenthal Committee Members, Michael Smotherman Kevin W. Conway Jessica L. Yorzinski Head of Department, Thomas McKnight December 2018 Major Subject: Biology Copyright 2018 Christopher Holland ABSTRACT Pheromones play an important role in conspecific mate preference across taxa. While the mechanisms underlying the pheromonal basis of reproductive isolation are well characterized in insects, we know far less about the mechanisms underlying the production and reception of chemical signals in vertebrates. In the genus Xiphophorus, conspecific mate recognition depends on female perception of male urine-borne pheromones. I focused on interspecific differences between the sympatric X. birchmanni and X. malinche, which form natural hybrid zones as a consequence of changes in water chemistry. First, I identify the organ of pheromone production and compounds comprising chemical signals. I localized pheromone production to the testis; testis extract elicited the same conspecific preference as signals generated by displaying males. I used solid phase extraction (SPE) in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize pheromone chemical composition. Analyzing HPLC/MS readouts for pure peaks with high relative intensity identified two compounds of interest, which were identified according to their fraction pattern and retention times and then individually assayed for their effect on female behavior. The ability to directly measure the pheromones with paired responses of female conspecific mate recognition gives insight into what specific components are important to female mate choice. -
Mate Choice and Multiple Paternity in the Xiphophorus
MATE CHOICE AND MULTIPLE PATERNITY IN THE XIPHOPHORUS MALINCHE/X. BIRCHMANNI HYBRID SYSTEM A Thesis by MATTIE KATHERINE SQUIRE Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Chair of Committee, Gil G. Rosenthal Committee Members, Adam Jones Charles Criscione William Murphy Head of Department, Thomas D. McKnight August 2015 Major Subject: Biology Copyright 2015 Mattie Katherine Squire ABSTRACT Hybridization represents a collision of genomes that can introduce new genetic and phenotypic variation into a population. Depending on the environment, this may lead to increased individual fitness and allow for integration of novel gene combinations via gene flow between divergent species. Recent work has shown that hybridization is an important evolutionary process in terms of the diversification of species and that it is probably far more common than once thought. To further understand the process of hybridization, studies examining mating decisions can be used to predict not only how hybridization occurs in the first place but also to predict the future evolutionary path of parental and hybrid populations. Here I present two studies on Xiphophorus malinche, X. birchmanni, and their hybrids. In the first, I examine the chemical and visual preferences of male X. malinche with dichotomous choice trials; I found that, unlike females or male X. birchmanni, male X. malinche show no strong preferences in terms of chemical or visual cues. In my second study, I used microsatellite markers to determine that there is a high degree of polyandry in a subpopulation of an X. -
The Role of Social Environment and Genomic Plasticity in the Maintenance of Alternative Mating Strategies in Sailfin Mollies
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 8-2018 The Role of Social Environment and Genomic Plasticity in the Maintenance of Alternative Mating Strategies in Sailfin Mollies Mary Katharine Ramos-Negrete Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Recommended Citation Ramos-Negrete, Mary Katharine, "The Role of Social Environment and Genomic Plasticity in the Maintenance of Alternative Mating Strategies in Sailfin Mollies" (2018). All Theses. 3246. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/3246 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ROLE OF SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND GENOMIC PLASTICITY IN THE MAINTENANCE OF ALTERNATIVE MATING STRATEGIES IN SAILFIN MOLLIES A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Biology by Mary Katharine Ramos-Negrete August 2018 Accepted by: Margaret B. Ptacek, Committee Co-Chair Christina E. Wells, Committee Co-Chair Amy L. Lawton-Rauh Matthew W. Turnbull i ABSTRACT Sailfin molly fish, Poecilia latipinna, members of the family Poeciliidae, show extensive polymorphism in male body size, degree of ornamentation and mating behavior repertoires. They are a striking example of a species with alternative male mating strategies that result from an association between life history trait variation and developmental plasticity of mating behaviors. Sailfin molly male body size correlates to their lifelong mating strategy and male size at maturity is fixed and shows a continuous range of male sizes in natural populations. -
Computational Modeling of Gpcrs: Towards Understanding Receptor Signaling for Biology and Drug Discovery
Computational Modeling of GPCRs: Towards Understanding Receptor Signaling for Biology and Drug Discovery Vsevolod (Seva) Katritch JCIMPT-ComplexesBarcelona, | January Jul 13 7,th 2011, 2018 1 GPCRs in Human Biology & Pharmacology Nat Rev Drug Disc 5:993 (2006) >30% of all drugs GPCR targets GPCR Targets: >120 established > 800 potential 800 GPCR are receptors for: Disorders Targeted Clinically Neurotransmitters ( adrenaline, dopamine, Psychiatric, Learning & Memory, histamine, acetylcholine, adenosine, Mood, Sleep, Drug Addiction, Stress, serotonin, glutamate, anandamide, GABA) Anxiety, Pain, Social Behavior… Hormones & Neuropeptides (opioid, neurotensin, glucagon, CRF, Cardiovascular, Endocrine, Obesity, galanin, orexin, oxytocin, neuromedin, Immune, HIV, Reproductive … melanocortins, somatostatin, ghrelin, TRH, TSH, GnRH, , PTH, THS, LH… >30 total ) Neurodegenerative and Autoimmune Disease … Immune system (chemokine, sphingosine 1 phosphate) Brain Development, Regenerative Med. Development (Frizzled, Adhesion) Sensory Cancer Light, Taste, Olfactory (388) GPCR Structure and Function Thousands of Ligands - Chemical Diversity >800 Different Human Receptors (largest family in human genome) Share 7TM Fold But Diverse We use structure Structural and modeling Features to learn: • Molecular Recognition • Signaling Mechanisms and to design: Dozens of Effectors New tool compounds GPCR New receptor properties Consortium Katritch et al 2013 Annu Rev Pharm. Tox. 53, 531-556 Stevens et al. 2013, Nat Rev Drug Discov, 12: 25–34 Outline ➢Rational prediction of stabilizing mutations: CompoMug ➢New insights into GPCR function and allosteric mechanisms ➢Structure-Based ligand discovery for GPCRs 5 Why Stabilizing GPCRs? ➢ Crystallography: ➢ Synergistic with fusions and truncations ➢ Reduces heterogeneity ➢ Allows stabilization of active or inactive states ➢ Allows co-crystallization with low-affinity ligands ➢ Biophysical characterization ➢ SPR ➢ NMR ➢ Drug discovery ➢ More robust assays for HTS Navratilova et al. -
(Platyhelminthes) Parasitic in Mexican Aquatic Vertebrates
Checklist of the Monogenea (Platyhelminthes) parasitic in Mexican aquatic vertebrates Berenit MENDOZA-GARFIAS Luis GARCÍA-PRIETO* Gerardo PÉREZ-PONCE DE LEÓN Laboratorio de Helmintología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-153 CP 04510, México D.F. (México) [email protected] [email protected] (*corresponding author) [email protected] Published on 29 December 2017 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:34C1547A-9A79-489B-9F12-446B604AA57F Mendoza-Garfias B., García-Prieto L. & Pérez-Ponce De León G. 2017. — Checklist of the Monogenea (Platyhel- minthes) parasitic in Mexican aquatic vertebrates. Zoosystema 39 (4): 501-598. https://doi.org/10.5252/z2017n4a5 ABSTRACT 313 nominal species of monogenean parasites of aquatic vertebrates occurring in Mexico are included in this checklist; in addition, records of 54 undetermined taxa are also listed. All the monogeneans registered are associated with 363 vertebrate host taxa, and distributed in 498 localities pertaining to 29 of the 32 states of the Mexican Republic. The checklist contains updated information on their hosts, habitat, and distributional records. We revise the species list according to current schemes of KEY WORDS classification for the group. The checklist also included the published records in the last 11 years, Platyhelminthes, Mexico, since the latest list was made in 2006. We also included taxon mentioned in thesis and informal distribution, literature. As a result of our review, numerous records presented in the list published in 2006 were Actinopterygii, modified since inaccuracies and incomplete data were identified. Even though the inventory of the Elasmobranchii, Anura, monogenean fauna occurring in Mexican vertebrates is far from complete, the data contained in our Testudines. -
The Case of the Mammalian Vomeronasal System†
REVIEW ARTICLE published: 30 October 2009 NEUROANATOMY doi: 10.3389/neuro.05.022.2009 The risk of extrapolation in neuroanatomy: the case of the mammalian vomeronasal system† Ignacio Salazar* and Pablo Sánchez Quinteiro Unit of Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Anatomy and Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain Edited by: The sense of smell plays a crucial role in mammalian social and sexual behaviour, identifi cation Agustín González, Universidad of food, and detection of predators. Nevertheless, mammals vary in their olfactory ability. One Complutense de Madrid, Spain reason for this concerns the degree of development of their pars basalis rhinencephali, an Reviewed by: Alino Martinez-Marcos, anatomical feature that has been considered in classifying this group of animals as macrosmatic, Universidad de Castilla, Spain microsmatic or anosmatic. In mammals, different structures are involved in detecting odours: Enrique Lanuza, the main olfactory system, the vomeronasal system (VNS), and two subsystems, namely the Universidad de Valencia, Spain ganglion of Grüneberg and the septal organ. Here, we review and summarise some aspects of *Correspondence: the comparative anatomy of the VNS and its putative relationship to other olfactory structures. Ignacio Salazar, Department of Anatomy and Animal Production, Unit Even in the macrosmatic group, morphological diversity is an important characteristic of the of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of VNS, specifi cally of the vomeronasal organ and the accessory olfactory bulb. We conclude that Veterinary, University of Santiago de it is a big mistake to extrapolate anatomical data of the VNS from species to species, even in Compostela, Av Carballo Calero s/n, the case of relatively close evolutionary proximity between them. -
Zonal Organization of the Mouse Olfactory Systems
UMEÅ UNIVERSITY MEDICAL DISSERTATIONS NEW SERIES NO 911 ISSN 0346-6612 ISBN 91-7305-706-1 ZONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE MOUSE OLFACTORY SYSTEMS Fredrik Gussing Department of Molecular Biology Umeå University Umeå 2004 1 Cover picture: A coronal section of the mouse nasal cavity with zone-specific expression of the NQO1 gene (white signal) in the olfactory epithelium is shown. Copyright © 2004 by Fredrik Gussing ISBN 91-7305-706-1 Printed in Sweden by Solfjädern Offset AB, Umeå 2004 2 HOW DO I SMELL? 3 TABEL OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 6 PAPERS IN THIS THESIS 7 ABBREVIATIONS 8 INTRODUCTION 9 The main olfactory system 10 Anatomy 10 The main olfactory epithelium 10 Regenerative capacity 11 The main olfactory bulb 12 The odorant receptors 13 Prereceptor events 13 Identification of the odorant receptors 13 Characteristics of odorant receptors 14 Spatial odorant receptor expression patterns 14 Signal transduction in olfactory sensory neurons 15 Downstream of the G-protein coupled receptor 15 Genomic characterization of odorant receptors 17 Functions of the odorant receptors 17 Odorant binding 17 Odorant receptor expression 18 The glomerular maps 19 Axonal convergence and neuronal specificity 19 Zonal organization of olfactory sensory neuronal projections 20 Medial and lateral maps 21 Neuropilins, ephs and ephrins 21 Olfactory bulb projections 21 The septal organ 22 The accessory olfactory system 23 Anatomy 23 The vomeronasal organ 23 Axonal projections 24 The accessory olfactory bulb 25 The vomeronasal receptors 25 Gene regulation of vomeronasal receptors -
The Origin and Molecular Evolution of Two Multigene Families: G-Protein Coupled Receptors and Glycoside Hydrolase Families
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations and Theses in Biological Sciences Biological Sciences, School of Fall 9-25-2013 THE ORIGIN AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF TWO MULTIGENE FAMILIES: G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS AND GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE FAMILIES Seong-il Eyun University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscidiss Part of the Bioinformatics Commons, and the Evolution Commons Eyun, Seong-il, "THE ORIGIN AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF TWO MULTIGENE FAMILIES: G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS AND GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE FAMILIES" (2013). Dissertations and Theses in Biological Sciences. 57. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscidiss/57 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses in Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. THE ORIGIN AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF TWO MULTIGENE FAMILIES: G- PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS AND GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE FAMILIES by Seong-il Eyun A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Biological Sciences Under the Supervision of Professor Etsuko Moriyama Lincoln, Nebraska August, 2013 THE ORIGIN AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF TWO MULTIGENE FAMILIES: G- PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS AND GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE FAMILIES Seong-il Eyun, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2013 Advisor: Etsuko Moriyama Multigene family is a group of genes that arose from a common ancestor by gene duplication. Gene duplications are a major driving force of new function acquisition.