Abstract the Wrongness of Killing
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Practical Ethics, Third Edition
This page intentionally left blank Practical Ethics Third Edition For thirty years, Peter Singer’s Practical Ethics has been the classic introduction to applied ethics. For this third edition, the author has revised and updated all the chapters and added a new chapter addressing climate change, one of the most important ethical chal- lenges of our generation. Some of the questions discussed in this book concern our daily lives. Is it ethical to buy luxuries when others do not have enough to eat? Should we buy meat produced from intensively reared animals? Am I doing something wrong if my carbon footprint is above the global average? Other questions confront us as concerned citizens: equality and discrimination on the grounds of race or sex; abortion, the use of embryos for research, and euthanasia; political violence and terrorism; and the preservation of our planet’s environment. This book’s lucid style and provocative arguments make it an ideal text for university courses and for anyone willing to think about how she or he ought to live. Peter Singer is currently Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at the University Center for Human Values at Princeton University and Laureate Professor at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at the University of Melbourne. He is the author or editor of more than forty books, including Animal Liberation (1975), Rethinking Life and Death (1996) and, most recently, The Life You Can Save (2009). In 2005, he was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine. Practical Ethics Third Edition PETER SINGER Princeton University and the University of Melbourne cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, ny 10013-2473, usa www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521707688 C Peter Singer 1980, 1993, 2011 This publication is in copyright. -
Cruel Nature: Harmfulness As an Important, Overlooked Dimension in Judgments of Moral Standing ⇑ Jared Piazza , Justin F
Cognition 131 (2014) 108–124 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cognition journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/COGNIT Cruel nature: Harmfulness as an important, overlooked dimension in judgments of moral standing ⇑ Jared Piazza , Justin F. Landy, Geoffrey P. Goodwin Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, USA article info abstract Article history: Entities that possess moral standing can be wronged and deserve our moral consideration. Received 8 October 2013 Past perspectives on the folk psychology of moral standing have focused exclusively on the Revised 24 December 2013 role of ‘‘patiency’’ (the capacity to experience pain or pleasure) and ‘‘agency’’ (usually Accepted 27 December 2013 defined and operationalized in terms of intelligence or cognitive ability). We contend that harmfulness (i.e., having a harmful vs. benevolent disposition) is an equally if not more important determinant of moral standing. We provide support for this hypothesis across Keywords: four studies using non-human animals as targets. We show that the effect of harmfulness Moral standing on attributions of moral standing is independent from patiency and intelligence (Studies Harmfulness Patiency 1–2), that this effect pertains specifically to an animal’s harmful disposition rather than Agency its capacity to act upon this disposition (Study 3), and that it primarily reflects a parochial Intelligence concern for human welfare in particular (Study 4). Our findings highlight an important, Animals overlooked dimension in the psychology of moral standing that has implications for real-world decisions that affect non-human animals. Our findings also help clarify the con- ditions under which people perceive patiency and agency as related versus truly indepen- dent dimensions. -
The Great Ape Project — and Beyond*
The Great Ape Project — and Beyond* PAOLA CAVALIERI & PETER SINGER Why the Project? Aristotle refers to human slaves as 'animated property'. The phrase exactly describes the current status of nonhuman animals. Human slavery therefore presents an enlightening parallel to this situation. We shall explore this parallel in order to single out a past response to human slavery that may suggest a suitable way of responding to present-day animal slavery. Not long ago such a parallel would have been considered outrageous. Recently, however, there has been growing recognition of the claim that a sound ethic must be free of bias or arbitrary discrimination based in favour of our own species. This recognition makes possible a more impartial appraisal of the exploitative practices that mark our civilisation. Slavery in the ancient world has been the subject of a lively debate among historians. How did it arise? Why did it end? Was there a characteristic 'slave mode of production'? We do not need to go into all these disputes. We shall focus instead on the distinctive element of slavery: the fact that the human being becomes property in the strict sense of the term. This is sometimes referred to as 'chattel slavery' - a term that stresses the parallel between the human institution, and the ownership of animals, for the term 'cattle' is derived from 'chattel'. Slave societies are those societies of which chattel slavery is a major feature. They are relatively rare in human history. The best known examples existed in the ancient world, and in North and Central America after European colonisation. -
The Welfare of Invertebrate Animals Series: Animal Welfare
springer.com Claudio Carere, Jennifer Mather (Eds.) The Welfare of Invertebrate Animals Series: Animal Welfare Takes animal welfare into a wholly new and challenging dimension Provides essays across various taxa Illustrates how and why welfare should be achieved and formally anchored Shares cutting-edge findings, helping readers understand invertebrates in care This book is devoted to the welfare of invertebrates, which make up 99% of animal species on earth. Addressing animal welfare, we do not often think of invertebrates; in fact we seldom consider them to be deserving of welfare evaluation. And yet we should. Welfare is a broad concern for any animal that we house, control or utilize – and we utilize invertebrates a lot. The Authors start with an emphasis on the values of non-vertebrate animals and discuss the 1st ed. 2019, XVIII, 248 p. 21 illus., 16 need for a book on the present topic. The following chapters focus on specific taxa, tackling illus. in color. questions that are most appropriate to each one. What is pain in crustaceans, and how might we prevent it? How do we ensure that octopuses are not bored? What do bees need to thrive, Printed book pollinate our plants and give us honey? Since invertebrates have distinct personalities and Hardcover some social animals have group personalities, how do we consider this? And, as in the 179,99 € | £159.99 | $219.99 European Union’s application of welfare consideration to cephalopods, how do the practical [1]192,59 € (D) | 197,99 € (A) | CHF regulatory issues play out? We have previously relegated invertebrates to the category ‘things’ 212,50 and did not worry about their treatment. -
Role of Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938 in Survival of Artemia Franciscana
Role of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in survival of Artemia franciscana Development of a new experimental model for probiotic studies Tiziana Racca Master Degree Project in Infection Biology, 45 hp. VT 2020 Department of Molecular Sciences, SLU Supervisor: Stefan Roos Co-supervisor: Ludwig Lundqvist To my parents, who simply made it possible TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. POPULAR SCIENCE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 1 2. ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... 2 3. INTRODUCTION 3.1. Probiotics ................................................................................................................................ 3 3.2. Lactobacillus reuteri ............................................................................................................... 4 3.3. Artemia franciscana ................................................................................................................ 5 4. AIM ................................................................................................................................................ 7 5. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................... 7 6. MATERIAL AND METHODS 6.1. Bacterial strains ....................................................................................................................... 8 6.2. Bacterial cultures -
An Assessment of Recent Trade Law Developments from an Animal Law Perspective: Trade Law As the Sheep in Wolf's Clothing?
AN ASSESSMENT OF RECENT TRADE LAW DEVELOPMENTS FROM AN ANIMAL LAW PERSPECTIVE: TRADE LAW AS THE SHEEP IN WOLF’S CLOTHING? By Charlotte Blattner* Further development within the field of animal law seems to be at an impasse, lost among the potential paths presented by its traditional influ- ences: international treaty law, domestic animal welfare regulations, and trade law. First, classical elements of global animal treaty law are limited to preservationist aspirations, insusceptible to the questions of how animals are treated or how they cope with their environment. Second, animal welfare regulation is understood as a matter confined to national territories. In cross-border dialogue, animal matters have been reduced to allegations of imperialism, which is not conducive to furthering animal interests. Third, animals are regarded as commodities in international trade law, rendering their regulation an undesirable barrier to trade. These present deficiencies deprive global animal law of its significance as a dynamic instrument re- sponsive to global challenges, be they ethical, environmental, economic, technological, or social in nature. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate future ways out of this impasse. Recent developments in trade law, as demonstrated by four exam- ples found within the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) ‘case law,’ mark an important development for animal law. State objectives expressed through trade law are slowly moving away from anthropocentric considera- tions (i.e., geared to preserve a fraction of animals for human interests) to- wards sentiocentric animal welfare (i.e., aimed at minimizing animal suffering and focusing on animal interests). Thereby, the quality of animal law that developed on the international scene through trade law exceeded the status quo of global animal treaty law. -
Connexion: a Note on Praxis for Animal Advocates
Dalhousie Law Journal Volume 40 Issue 2 Article 5 10-1-2017 Connexion: A Note on Praxis for Animal Advocates John Enman-Beech Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/dlj Part of the Animal Law Commons Recommended Citation John Enman-Beech, "Connexion: A Note on Praxis for Animal Advocates" (2017) 40:2 Dal LJ 545. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Schulich Law Scholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dalhousie Law Journal by an authorized editor of Schulich Law Scholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. John Enman-Beech* Connexion: A Note on Praxis for Animal Advocates Effective animal advocacy requires human-animal connexion. I apply a relational approach to unfold this insight into a praxis for animal advocates. Connexion grounds the affective relationships that so often motivate animal advocates. More importantly, it enables animal agency, the ability of animals to act and communicate in ways humans can experience and respond to. With connexion in mind, some weaknesses of previous reform efforts become apparent. I join these in the slogan "abolitionismas disconnexion." In so far as abolitionism draws humans and animals apart, it undermines the movement's social basis, limits its imaginative resources, and deprives animals of a deeper freedom. I evaluate political theories of animals and find that only some can frame a picture of humans and animals living together in connexion. I close by noting the limitations of the connexion lens-we cannot simply create connexions without also evaluating whether they are oppressive-and some practical policy measures that can be taken today to further the goods of connexion Pour 6tre efficace, /a defense des animaux exige une connexion entre /'homme et /'animal. -
Bringing Animal Protection Legislation Into Line with Its Purported Purposes: a Proposal for Equality Amongst Non- Human Animals
Pace Environmental Law Review Volume 37 Issue 2 Spring 2020 Article 1 May 2020 Bringing Animal Protection Legislation Into Line With its Purported Purposes: A Proposal for Equality Amongst Non- Human Animals Jane Kotzmann Deakin University Gisela Nip Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pelr Part of the Animal Law Commons, Energy and Utilities Law Commons, Environmental Law Commons, International Law Commons, and the Natural Resources Law Commons Recommended Citation Jane Kotzmann and Gisela Nip, Bringing Animal Protection Legislation Into Line With its Purported Purposes: A Proposal for Equality Amongst Non-Human Animals, 37 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 247 (2020) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pelr/vol37/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace Environmental Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLE Bringing Animal Protection Legislation Into Line With its Purported Purposes: A Proposal for Equality Amongst Non-Human Animals JANE KOTZMANN* & GISELA NIP† The United States has a strong history of enacting laws to pro- tect animals from the pain and suffering inflicted by humans. In- deed, the passage of the Massachusetts’ Body of Liberties in 1641 made it the first country in the world to pass such laws. Neverthe- less, contemporary animal protection laws in all jurisdictions of the United States are limited in their ability to adequately realize their primary purpose of protecting animals from unnecessary or unjus- tifiable pain and suffering. -
Laboratory Primate Newsletter
LABORATORY PRIMATE NEWSLETTER Vol. 47, No. 4 October 2008 JUDITH E. SCHRIER, EDITOR JAMES S. HARPER, GORDON J. HANKINSON AND LARRY HULSEBOS, ASSOCIATE EDITORS MORRIS L. POVAR, CONSULTING EDITOR ELVA MATHIESEN, ASSISTANT EDITOR ALLAN M. SCHRIER, FOUNDING EDITOR, 1962-1987 Published Quarterly by the Schrier Research Laboratory Psychology Department, Brown University Providence, Rhode Island ISSN 0023-6861 POLICY STATEMENT The Laboratory Primate Newsletter provides a central source of information about nonhuman primates and re- lated matters to scientists who use these animals in their research and those whose work supports such research. The Newsletter (1) provides information on care and breeding of nonhuman primates for laboratory research, (2) dis- seminates general information and news about the world of primate research (such as announcements of meetings, research projects, sources of information, nomenclature changes), (3) helps meet the special research needs of indi- vidual investigators by publishing requests for research material or for information related to specific research prob- lems, and (4) serves the cause of conservation of nonhuman primates by publishing information on that topic. As a rule, research articles or summaries accepted for the Newsletter have some practical implications or provide general information likely to be of interest to investigators in a variety of areas of primate research. However, special con- sideration will be given to articles containing data on primates not conveniently publishable elsewhere. General descriptions of current research projects on primates will also be welcome. The Newsletter appears quarterly and is intended primarily for persons doing research with nonhuman primates. Back issues may be purchased for $10.00 each. -
The Lobster Considered
6 ! e Lobster Considered Robert C. Jones ! e day may come, when the rest of the animal creation may acquire those rights which never could have been withholden from them but by the hand of tyranny. — Jeremy Bentham Is it not possible that future generations will regard our present agribusiness and eating practices in much the same way we now view Nero ’ s entertainments or Mengele ’ s experiments? — David Foster Wallace ! e arguments to prove man ’ s superiority cannot shatter this hard fact: in su" ering the animals are our equals. — Peter Singer In 1941 M. F. K. Fisher " rst asked us to consider the oyster,1 n o t a s a m o r a l but as a culinary exploration. Sixty-three years later when David Foster Wallace asked us to consider the lobster2 for ostensibly similar reasons, the investigation quickly abandoned the gustatory and took a turn toward the philosophical and ethical. In that essay, originally published in Gourmet magazine, Wallace challenges us to think deeply about the troubling ethical questions raised by the issue of lobster pain and our moral (mis)treatment of these friendly crustaceans. Since the publication of that essay, research on nonhuman animal sentience has exploded. News reports of the " ndings of research into animal behavior and cognition are common; 2010 saw the publication of a popular book of the title Do Fish Feel Pain? 3 In this essay, I accept Wallace ’ s challenge and argue not only that according to our best 1 M. F. K. Fisher, Consider the Oyster (New York: Still Point Press, 2001). -
The First Step in the Case for Great Ape Equality: the Argument for Other Minds
WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 8-1996 The First Step in the Case for Great Ape Equality: The Argument for Other Minds Kristin Andrews York University Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/psycho Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Behavior and Ethology Commons, and the Comparative Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Andrews, K. (1996). The first step in the case for great ape equality: the argument for other minds. Etica ed Animali, 8, 131ss. This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The First Step in the Case for Great Ape Equality: The Argument for Other Minds Kristin Andrews A defense of equality for great apes must begin with an understanding of the opposition and an acknowledgement of the most basic point of disagreement. For great apes to gain status as persons in our community, we must begin by determining what the multitude of different definitions of "person" have in common. Finding that great apes fulfill the requirements of any one specific theory of personhood is insufficient, for these theories are highly controversial, and a critique of the theory will undermine the status of great apes as persons. Instead, the first step in the argument for ape equality must be a defense of their self-consciousness. This notion is one thing all plausible theories of personhood have in common. Contrary to most people's common conceptions, many philosophers have argued that great apes, as well as all nonhuman animals, lack consciousness.1 This notion must be demolished before any argument for the equality of great apes can be fully defended. -
A Conspiracy of Life: a Posthumanist Critique of Appoaches to Animal Rights in the Law Barnaby E
University of Massachusetts Law Review Volume 14 | Issue 1 Article 3 A Conspiracy of Life: A Posthumanist Critique of Appoaches to Animal Rights in the Law Barnaby E. McLaughlin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.umassd.edu/umlr Part of the Animal Law Commons Recommended Citation McLaughlin, Barnaby E. () "A Conspiracy of Life: A Posthumanist Critique of Appoaches to Animal Rights in the Law," University of Massachusetts aL w Review: Vol. 14 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarship.law.umassd.edu/umlr/vol14/iss1/3 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository @ University of Massachusetts chooS l of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Massachusetts Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Repository @ University of Massachusetts chooS l of Law. A Conspiracy of Life: A Posthumanist Critique of Approaches to Animal Rights in the Law Barnaby E. McLaughlin 14 U. MASS. L. REV. 150 ABSTRACT Near the end of his life, Jacques Derrida, one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century, turned his attention from the traditional focus of philosophy, humans and humanity, to an emerging field of philosophical concern, animals. Interestingly, Derrida claimed in an address entitled The Animal That Therefore I Am that, since I began writing, in fact, I believe I have dedicated [my work] to the question of the living and of the living animal. For me that will always have been the most important and decisive question. I have addressed it a thousand times, either directly or obliquely, by means of readings of all the philosophers I have taken an interest in.