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35 Article Developing an Mxf Audiovisual Preservation ARTICLE DEVELOPING AN MXF AUDIOVISUAL PRESERVATION FILE WRAPPER SPECIFICATION IN THE FEDERAL AGENCIES DIGITIZATION GUIDELINES INITIATIVE Carl Fleischhauer, Library of Congress, USA 8LMW TETIV MW FEWIH SR E TVIWIRXEXMSR QEHI EX XLI -%7%%1-% NSMRX GSRJIVIRGI MR Philadelphia, November 4, 2010. Introduction 8LMWTETIVHIWGVMFIWETVSNIGXXSHIZIPSTE½PI[VETTIVWTIGM½GEXMSRJSVXLIEVGLMZMRKERH TVIWIVZEXMSRSJEYHMSZMWYEPGSRXIRX8LIWTIGM½GEXMSRYRHIVHIZIPSTQIRXMWERMQTPIQIRXE- XMSRSJXLI1EXIVMEPI<GLERKI*SVQEX 1<* EWXERHEVHJVSQXLI7SGMIX]SJ1SXMSR4MGXYVI ERH8IPIZMWMSR)RKMRIIVW 7148) 8LIMRMXMEPTLEWIWSJXLMWIJJSVXLEZIFIIRSVKERM^IHF]XLI %YHMS:MWYEP;SVOMRK+VSYTSJXLI97*IHIVEP%KIRGMIW(MKMXM^EXMSR+YMHIPMRIW-RMXMEXMZI 1<* GER GSRXEMR ZEVMSYW IRGSHIH QSZMRK MQEKI FMXWXVIEQW IK 14)+ .4)+ frame images, uncompressed video streams, and many more, as well as soundtracks, time- code, closed captioning, metadata, and more. This wrapper function may be compared to XLI8-**ERH;%:)½PIJSVQEXWFSXLSJ[LMGLQE]GSRXEMRERYQFIVSJHMJJIVIRXVITVI- WIRXEXMSRWSJVEWXIVMQEKIHEXE 8-** SVWSYRH[EZIJSVQHEXE ;%:) 8LIZMVXYIWSJ 1<*MRGPYHIWXERHEVHM^EXMSRF]7148)EVSFYWXWXVYGXYVIJSVXLIGSRXEMRQIRXSJZEVMSYW related essences, and a clear mission to support professionally produced moving image GSRXIRX-XMWEPWSXLIGEWIXLEXXLIJSVQEXMWGSQTPI\ERHXLEXMXWEHSTXMSR[MXLMRXLI industry has been slow, albeit steady. 8LI*IHIVEP%KIRGMIW(MKMXM^EXMSR+YMHIPMRIW-RMXMEXMZI[EWPEYRGLIHMRYRHIVXLIEYW- TMGIWSJXLI2EXMSREP(MKMXEP-RJSVQEXMSR-RJVEWXVYGXYVIERH4VIWIVZEXMSR4VSKVEQ 2(--44 at the Library of Congress. The overall initiative is a collaborative effort with participation JVSQQSVIXLERSRIHS^IR97KSZIVRQIRXEKIRGMIWMRGPYHMRKXLI2EXMSREP%VGLMZIWERH 6IGSVHW%HQMRMWXVEXMSRXLI2EXMSREP+EPPIV]SJ%VXXLI:SMGISJ%QIVMGEXLI2EXMSREP0MFVEV] SJ1IHMGMRIXLI7QMXLWSRMER-RWXMXYXMSRERHWIZIVEPSXLIVW-XEPWSLEWEGXMZITEVXMGMTEXMSR JVSQXLI0MFVEV]SJ'SRKVIWW%YHMS:MWYEP'SRWIVZEXMSR'IRXIVEXXLI4EGOEVH'EQTYWMR 'YPTITIV:MVKMRME Current activities and planning 8LI;SVOMRK+VSYT[EWQSXMZEXIHXSHIZIPSTER1<*EVGLMZMRKERHTVIWIVZEXMSRMQTPIQIR- tation because several member agencies face a pressing need to reformat videotapes. These agencies have extensive holdings of obsolescent magnetic recordings and wish to transfer XLIQXSE½PIFEWIHJSVQEX%XXLMWXMQIXLVIIQIQFIVWSJXLI;SVOMRK+VSYTEVIHSMRK WSQIHMKMXEPVIJSVQEXXMRKSJZMHIS8LI]LEZITYVGLEWIH7%11%HIZMGIWETVSHYGXSJXLI Front Porch Digital company.7 The Library of Congress has done the most work thus far, while XLI972EXMSREP%VGLMZIWERH6IGSVHW%HQMRMWXVEXMSRERHXLI7QMXLWSRMER-RWXMXYXMSREVI starting to carry out projects of their own. 5 For more information see, the background paper here: http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/FADGI-AV_AppSpecProj_Bkgd_101007.pdf 6 he initiative's goal is to develop guidelines that are comparable from agency to agency, for the sake of uniformity and to make it easier for the vendors who provide equipment and services. The main emphasis is digitization, i.e., XLIGSRZIVWMSRSJEREPSKSVMKMREPWMRXSHMKMXEPJSVQ8LIVIEVIX[S[SVOMRKKVSYTW8LI½VWXMWGSRGIVRIH[MXLXLI still images that result from the scanning of books, photographs, manuscripts, maps, two-dimensional art works, and other documents. The second is concerned with audio-visual materials, i.e., sound and video recordings and QSXMSRTMGXYVI½PQ&SXLKVSYTWLEZIEWIGSRHEV]MRXIVIWXMRXLITVIWIVZEXMSRSJFSVRHMKMXEPGSRXIRX7IIhttp:// www.digitizationguidelines.gov/. 7 http://www.fpdigital.com/Solutions/Migrate/ iasa journal no 37 – July 2011 7%11%HIZMGIWGERFIWIXYTJSVERYQFIVSJHMJJIVIRXSYXTYXJSVQEXW8LI0MFVEV]MWYW- MRK7%11%´WFIWXORS[RWIXYTMRE[SVO¾S[XLEXTVSHYGIWEWXVIEQSJZMHISJVEQIMQ- EKIWIEGLIRGSHIHMRPSWWPIWW.4)+8LMWTMGXYVIHEXEXSKIXLIV[MXLXLIWSYRHXVEGO and timecode, is wrapped in MXF. Files in this format serve as archival masters for preser- ZEXMSRMRXLIQSZMRKMQEKIGSPPIGXMSRWEXXLI4EGOEVH'EQTYW*MPIWM^IWJSVWXERHEVHHI½- RMXMSRZMHISVYRJVSQXSKMKEF]XIWTIVLSYVHITIRHMRKSRZEVMEFPIWPMOIFMXHITXL 8LI0MFVEV]TVIJIVWFMXHIITWEQTPMRKERHXLYWMWGVIEXMRK½PIWSJXLIPEVKIVWM^I %XXLIWEQIXMQISXLIVWMRXLI;SVOMRK+VSYT°RSXEFP]XLI972EXMSREP%VGLMZIW°EVI MRXIVIWXIHMRIWWIRGIWXLEXGSRWMWXSJYRGSQTVIWWIHZMHISWXVIEQW-RXLMWXLI]IGLSWTIGM½GE- tions in use at Stanford and Rutgers universities, as well as at the BBC.8*MPIWM^IWJSVWXERHEVH HI½RMXMSRZMHISVYRJVSQXSKMKEF]XIWTIVLSYV)EGLQIQFIVSJXLIYRGSQTVIWWIH XVMSLEWWIPIGXIHEHMJJIVIRX[VETTIV5YMGO8MQIEX7XERJSVH%:-EX6YXKIVWERH1<*EXXLI &&'8SWSQIHIKVIIXLIX[SYRMZIVWMXMIW´5YMGO8MQIERH%:-ETTVSEGLIWGERFIWIIREW provisional, i.e., as a practical thing to do now, while better ideas and technology mature. %PXLSYKLXLI;SVOMRK+VSYT´WGYVVIRXGSRGIVRMWJSGYWIHSRXLIVIJSVQEXXMRKSJSPHZMHI- otapes, we also wish to develop an implementation of MXF that is extensible in at least three [E]W*MVWXXLIVIMWEHIWMVIXSIQFVEGIXLISYXTYXSJ½PQWGERRMRKEGXMZMXMIW7IGSRHSRI EKIRG]LEWI\TVIWWIHMRXIVIWXMRYWMRKXLI1<*JSVQEXXS[VET±EYHMSSRP]²IWWIRGIWXLEXVI- WYPXJVSQXLIVIJSVQEXXMRKSJWSYRHVIGSVHMRKW%RHXLMVHMWXLIQEXXIVSJFSVRHMKMXEPZMHIS 6IKEVHMRK FSVR HMKMXEP ZMHISXLI;SVOMRK +VSYT LEW JVIUYIRXP] LIEVH JVSQ SVKERM^EXMSRW EFSYXXLIMVKVS[MRKGSPPIGXMSRW7SQISJXLIWIEVI±RSRQIQSV]²STIVEXMRKEKIRGMIWIK XLI 2EXMSREP 3GIERMG ERH%XQSWTLIVMG%HQMRMWXVEXMSR 23%% [LIVI QEVMRI FMSPSKMWXW ERHSXLIVWGMIRXMWXWEVITVSHYGMRKI\XIRWMZIZMHISJSSXEKI%RSXLIVI\EQTPIMWXLI:SMGISJ %QIVMGE[LIVIXLIWXEJJ[MWLXSVIXEMRGYVVIRXFVSEHGEWXTVSHYGXMSRWJSVJYXYVIVITYVTSWMRK 1IER[LMPI½PIWJVSQEKIRGMIWPMOIXLIWIEVIHIWXMRIHJSVJYXYVILERHSJJXSXLI972EXMSREP %VGLMZIWSVXLI0MFVEV]SJ'SRKVIWWJSVTIVQERIRXGYWXSH] The native encodingsJSVWSQIFSVRHMKMXEP½PIWEVITVSQMWMRKJSVWYWXEMREFMPMX]JSVEXPIEWX a few years, before format obsolescence reaches the point where transcoding is necessary. )\EQTPIWMRGPYHI14)+ERH½PIJSVQ(:3XLIVFSVRHMKMXEP½PIWEVIMRJSVQEXWXLEXQE] not be equally sustainable and these will require transcoding in the near term. We would like our MXF implementation to be capable of wrapping born digital encodings. For the sustainable REXMZIIRGSHMRKWXLMWEGXMSR[SYPHWYTTSVXRIEVSVQIHMYQXIVQTVIWIVZEXMSR-XMW[SVXL noting that some agencies are required to retain even the less sustainable native encodings for many years; for example, copyright legal considerations may require that an item is kept “as WYFQMXXIH²%PPSJXLIWIJEGXSVWLEZIQEHIYWWIIOER1<*[VETTIVMQTPIQIRXEXMSRXLEXGER be extended to embrace born digital essences. &I]SRHEPPSJXLMWQIQFIVWSJXLI;SVOMRK+VSYTLEZIMHIRXM½IHSXLIVGSRXIRXIPIQIRXWXLEX [SYPHFI[IPPWIVZIHF]ERI\XIRWMFPIJSVQEXVERKMRKJVSQHMKMXEPGMRIQEXS½PQWXVMTW[MXL soundtracks. Some members also see the archiving and preservation wrapper as a useful way to encapsulate items that are associated with the main content element. Examples of associ- ated materials include such things as documents found in the original container along with the videotape, printed matter associated with a sound or moving image publication, transcriptions SJSVEPLMWXSV]VIGSVHMRKWERHHIXEMPIHQIXEHEXESJWTIGMEP±PSGEP²MRXIVIWX 8LI6YXKIVWWTIGM½GEXMSR960MW http://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/collab/ref/dos_avwg_video_obj_standard.pdf. Information about Stanford's reformatting is here: http://lib.stanford.edu/stanford-media-preservation-lab/moving- image-digitization%[LMXITETIVGSRXEMRMRKEHIWGVMTXMSRSJXLI&&'ETTVSEGLMWEXXLMW960www.bbc. GSYOVHTYFW[LT[LTTHJ½PIW;,4THf. iasa journal no 37 – July 2011 %FSYX1<*ETTPMGEXMSRWTIGMßGEXMSRWERHXLI%HZERGIH1IHME;SVOàS[ Association (AMWA) 1<*MWWIIMRKMRGVIEWMRKEHSTXMSRMRFVSEHGEWXMRKERHMXMWGIRXVEPXSXLIHMKMXEPGMRIQEWTIGM½- GEXMSRHIZIPSTIHMR,SPP][SSHJSVXLIEXVMGEPHMWXVMFYXMSR8LIWIMRHYWXVMIWMRGPYHIXLIFMKGYW- tomers for whom tools are built, and their broad-based adoption of MXF makes the standard EXXVEGXMZIXSYW-XMWEPWSXLIGEWIXLEX7148)MWXLIQSWXMQTSVXERXWXERHEVHWSVKERM^EXMSRJSV professional broadcasters and movie-makers. MXF is a broad-spectrum standard that features many options for packaging, metadata embed- ding, and essence encoding. The successful implementation of an MXF approach for any given ETTPMGEXMSR[MPPFIIRLERGIHMJYWIVWHI½RIEWIXSJGSRWXVEMRXW;IPPHI½RIHGSRWXVEMRXWWYT- TSVXXLIHIZIPSTQIRXSJXSSPWXSZEPMHEXI½PIWERHIRGSYVEKIQYPXMTPIZIRHSVWXSTVSZMHIGSR- JSVQMRKIUYMTQIRX8LIWIEGXMSRW[MPPMRGVIEWIXLIHIKVIIXS[LMGLTVEGXMGIWEVIWXERHEVHM^IH and promote adoption. Those two outcomes will in turn increase interoperability, the feasibility of content exchange, and long-term, preservation-oriented data management. For users of the MXF standard, formal constraint statements are called ETTPMGEXMSRWTIGM½GEXMSRW. 8LIWIGERFIGSQTEVIHXS.4)+TVS½PIWSVXSXLITVS½PIWERHPIZIPWXLEXGLEVEGXIVM^I 14)+ZMHISGSRXIRXIKXLI14)+1EMR4VS½PI$1EMR0IZIP 14$10 0MOIXLITVS½PIW IEGL ETTPMGEXMSR WTIGM½GEXMSR MW XEMPSVIH XS E TEVXMGYPEV application. The incubation of MXF %TTPMGEXMSR7TIGM½GEXMSRWMWXLIWTIGMEPTVSZMRGISJXLI%HZERGIH1IHME;SVO¾S[%WWSGMEXMSR %1;% ERSVKERM^EXMSRXLEXTVSZMHIWEQIIXMRKKVSYRHJSVTVSJIWWMSREPQSZMRKMQEKIYWIVW ERHZIRHSVW8LI;SVOMRK+VSYTMW[SVOMRK[MXL%1;%MRXLIHIZIPSTQIRXSJXLIETTPMGE- XMSRWTIGM½GEXMSR 3RISJXLIZMVXYIWSJ[SVOMRK[MXL%1;%MWXLIMRGPYWMSRSJFSXLYWIVWERHZIRHSVWMRXLI HMWGYWWMSR8LI%1;%[MPPJSVQEWTIGMEPXIGLRMGEPGSQQMXXIIXS½REPM^IXLIWTIGM½GEXMSRERH we anticipate that the committee’s membership will include archivists from memory institu- XMSRWEVGLMZMWXWJVSQFVSEHGEWXERHQSXMSRTMGXYVITVSHYGXMSRSVKERM^EXMSRWERHVITVIWIRXE- tives of the companies that manufacture the technology used by broadcasters and archives. We believe that this mix of participants will increase the likelihood that multiple vendors will FYMPHW]WXIQWXLEXQIIXXLIWTIGM½GEXMSR[LMGLMRXYVR[MPPMRGVIEWIXLIPMOIPMLSSHXLEXXVYP] interoperable content will be archived for the future. ;LEXQMKLX]SYßRHMRER%TTPMGEXMSR7TIGMßGEXMSR# %XELMKLPIZIPERETTPMGEXMSRWTIGM½GEXMSR[MPPGSZIVXLIJSPPS[MRK
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