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Characterization of Background Water Quality for Streams and Groundwater

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Characterization of Background Water Quality for Streams and Groundwater NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL’S & POWDER RIVER BASIN RESOURCE COUNCIL’S PETITION FOR REVIEW EXHIBIT 14 5644 CHARACTERIZATION OF BACKGROUND WATER QUALITY FOR STREAMS AND GROUNDWATER FERNALD ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT FERNALD, OHIO REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION and FEASIBILITY STUDY I- May 1994 . U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY FERNALD FIELD OFFICE DRAFT’”FINAL 4 .,. ., J I 5644 Background Study May 1994 TABLE OF CONTENTS Eiw? List of Tables iv List of Figures vii List of Acronyms viii 1.0 Introduction - 1-1 1.1 Brief History of the Site 1-1 1.2 Purpose 1-3 1.3 Geologic Setting 1-4 1.4 Hydrologic Setting 1-7 1.4.1 Great Miami River 1-7 1.4.2 Paddys Run 1-10 1.4.3 Great Miami Aquifer 1-11 1.4.4 Glacial Overburden 1-13 1.4.5 Monitoring Wells 1-13 1.5 EPA Guidance on Background Characterization 1-15 1.6 Summary of Revisions Made to the Draft Report (May 1993) 1-16 2.0 Previous Studies 2-1 2.1 Environmental Monitoring Program 2-1 2.2 U.S. Geological Survey Surface Water Monitoring 2-1 2.3 U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Study 2-3 2.4 IT Corporation Final Interim Report 2-3 2.5 Argonne National Laboratory Environmental Survey 2-3 2.6 Ohio Department of Health 2-3 2.7 Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Study of the Great Miami River 2-6 2.8 Previous RI/FS Background Studies 2-6 2.9 RCRA Groundwater Monitoring 2-7 3.0 Development of the RI/FS Background Data Set 3-1 3.1 Sampling Locations 3-1 3.1.1 Surface Water, 3-1 3.1.2 Groundwater 3-2 3.1.2.1 Identification of Potential Background Monitoring Wells 3-2 3.1.2.2 Screening of Background Locations 3-4 3.1.2.3 General Water Chemistry and Charge Balance 3-11 3.1.2.4 Summary 3-15 3.2 Sample Collection 3-19 3.3 Analytical Procedures 3-20 0USIG:BACKGRDISECS.1-9.TOC.IOS-W i Background Study May 1994 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page 3.4 Data Validation Procedures 3-20 3.5 Validated and Deleted Data 3-21 4.0 Data Set Modifications and Statistical Analysis Procedures 4-1 4.1 Overview 4-1 4.2 Modifications of the Background Data Set 4-1 4.2.1 Treatment of Rejected/Nonvalidated Data 4-2 4.2.2 Treatment of Nondetect Data 4-2 4.2.3 Identification and Treatment of Outliers and Other "Suspect" Data 4-3, 4.2.4 Data Averaging 4-5 4.3 Statistical Analysis 4-5 4.3.1 Testing of Data Distribution 4-5 4.3.2 Parametric Descriptive Statistics 4-7 4.3.3 Nonparametric Descriptive Statistics 4-7 4.3.4 Comparison of Populations 4-8 4.4 Summary of Revisions to Chapter 4 of the Draft Report 4-8 5.0 Glacial Overburden 5-1 a 5.1 Radiological Constituents 5-1 5.2 Inorganic Constituents 5-2 5.3 Organic Constituents 5-3 6.0 Great Miami Aquifer 6-1 6.1 Radiological Constituents 6-1 6.2 Inorganic Constituents 6-2 6.3 Organic Constituents 6-3 7.0 Great Miami River 7-1 7.1 Radiological Constituents 7-1 7.2 Inorganic Constituents 7-1 7.3 Organic Constituents 7-2 8.0 Paddys Run 8-1 8.1 Radiological Constituents 8-1 8.2 Inorganic Constituents 8-1 8.3 Organic Constituents 8-2 9.0 Conclusions 9-1 References R-1. 0USIG:BACKGRDISECS.1-9.,W./OS-W ii 5644.- Background Study May 1994 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Appendix A - Data from Previous Studies Appendix B - Drilling Logs and Well Construction Information Appendix C - Radiological Data Appendix D - Inorganic Chemical Data Appendix E - Organic Chemical Data Appendix F - Statistical Procedures, Equations, and Results Appendix G - Summary of Revisions to the "Characterization of Background Water Quality for Streams and Groundwater" Draft Report (May 1993) Appendix H - Summary Statistics of Inorganic Constituents for Background Monitoring Wells in the Tributary Sections of the Great Miami Aquifer 000004 OU5IG:BACKGRDISECS.1-9.TOc./OS-W iii Table E-19 Rejected/Nonvalidated Organic Data for Background Surface Water in the Great Miami River Well Sample lab Validated . QA No. Date ID qualifier Constituent Result Qualifier type W-1 05/20/93 120064-2 U 4-Nitroaniline 25 R N W-1 05/20/93 120068-1 U 4-Nitroaniline 25 R D W-1 05/20/93 120072-2 U 4-Nitroaniline 25 R T .. ., ... E-210 c' Table E-20 Rejected/Nonvalidated Organic Data for Background Surface Water in Paddys Run Well Sample lab Validated QA No. Date ID qualifier Constituent Result Qualifier type W-5 03/25/93 113493 U 2,4-Dinitrophenol 50 R N I W-5 03/25/93 113493 U 4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol 25 R N E-21 1 d. APPENDIX F STATISTICAL PROCEDURES, EQUATIONS, AND RESULTS TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables F-ii Shapiro-W& Test for Normality F-5 Shapiro-Francia Test for Normality F-14 Rosner's Test for Many Outliers F-23 Data Averaging F-30 Sample Arithmetic Mean - Normal Distriiution F-33 Sample Arithmetic Standard deviation - Normal Distribution F-34 Estimated Coefficient of Variation - Normal Distribution F-35 Estimated Mean of a Lognormal Distribution F-36 Estimated Standard Deviation of a Lognormal Distribution F-38 Sample Median - Nonparametric Technique F-39 Upper One-Sided 95% Confidence Limit - Normal Distribution F-40 Upper One-sided 95% Confidence Limit - Lognormal Distribution F-43 Upper One-sided 95% Confidence Limit - Nonparametric Technique F-47 95'h Percentile - Normal Distribution F-49 9SthPercentile - Lognormal Distribution F-50 95'h Percentile - Nonparametric Technique F-51 F-Test F-52 T-Test F-57 The Wilcoxin Rank Sum Test F-60 Kruskal-Wallis Test F-64 F-i 000924 LIST OF TABLES F- 1 Formulas for Summary Statistics F- 1 F-2 Coefficients 3 for the Shapiro-Wilk W Test for Normality F-7 F-3 Quantiles of the Shapiro-Wilk W Test for Normality (Values of W Such that 100 p% of the Distribution of W Is Less Than WJ F-9 F-4 Example Data Set Number 1 F-11 F-5 Standard Normal Curve for a Z Distribution F-16 F-6 Percentage Points of the W' Test for n > 50 F-18 F-7 Example Data Set Number 2 F-2 1 F-8 Approximate Critical Values Lamda (it 1 ) for Rosner's Generalized ESD Many-Outlier Procedure for alpha = 0.05 F-25 F-9 Example Data Set Number 3 F-27 F-10 Example Data Set Number 4 F-3 1 F-11 Quantiles of the t Distribution (Values oft Such that 100 p% of the Distribution Is Less Than 5) F-4 1 F-12 Values of H (1-alpha) for Computing One-sided (Upper) 95% Confidence Limits on a Lognormal Mean F-44 F-13 Percentage Points of the F Distribution (Fo.025,dm,dn) F-53 F-14 Example Data Set Number 5 F-55 F-15 Example Data Set Number 6 F-62 F-16 Quantities of the Chi-square Distribution With v Degrees of Freedom F-67 F-17 Ranking of Example Data Set Number 7 F-68 F-18 Ranking of Example Data Set Number 7 By Group F-69 F-ii 000925 FEMP Background Study . May 1 Table F-1 Formulas for Summary Statistics statistic Formula ShapiiW& Test (Gilbert 1987, Equations 12.3 and 12.4) 2 where: n n2 d E C xi2 -- i=l f,Pi=l 4 n k =; ifnisevcn -n-1 = ifnisodd a, = Shapiro-Wilk coefficient x, = ith data value in the ordered data set = square of the ith data value in the ordered data set n = numberofdatapoints W = Shapim-Wilk test statistic ShaphFrancia Test (Shapiro-Francia, 19tz) where: mi = normal qwntile a-1 = inverse of standard normal distribution x, = ith data value in the ordered data set s2 = sample arithmetic variance W' = Shapiro-Francia test statistic __~ Rosner's Test for Many Outliers (Gilbert 1987, See page F-23. Equations 15.1 to 15.3) Sample Arithmetic Mean (Gilbert 1987, Equation 43) .'--cyIn i.1 where: n = number of data points -x, = i* data value in the ordered data set x = arithmetic mean F- 1 FEMP Background Study 64% May 1994 TABLE F-1 (Continued) Statistic Formula Sample Arithmetic Standard Deviation (Gilbert 1987, Equation 4.4) whcm: n = number of data points 3 = data Set value x = arithmetic mean s2 = arithmetic variance s = arithmetic standard deviation Estimated Coefficient of Variation (Gilbert 1987, Page 34) CV - sfi where: -x = sample arithmetic mean s = sample arithmetic standard deviation CV = estimated coefficient of variation Estimated Mean of a Lognormal Distribution (Gilbert 1987, Equation 13.7) ji - exp [. + $1 where:- y = arithmetic mean of the In transformed data 6y = arithmetic standard deviation of the In transformed data A p = estimated mean of a lognormal distribution Estimated Standard Deviation of a Lognormal Distribution (Gilbert Equation 1987, 13.8) b - /b' [ exp s; - 11 where: A = estimated mean of a lognormal distribution P 6y = arithmetic standard deviation of the In transformed data = estimated standard deviation of the lognormal distribution 000927 F-2 *.n r.'.., -...3...'2 TABLE F-1 (Continued) statistic Formula Simple Median - Nonparametric Technique Ifnisodd (Gilbert 1987, Equation 13.15 and 13.16) sample median = xI(" . If n is cvcn: whCX xm = i" data value in the ordered data set n = number of data points ~ ~~~ Upper 95% Confidence Limit on the Mean - Normal Distribution (Gilbert 1987, Equation 11.6) whem- x = arithmetic mean t o.95,n-, = student t distribution value n = number of data points s = arithmetic standard deviation 95% UCL, = one-sided upper 95% confidence limit for a normal distribution Upper 95% Confidence Limit on the Arithmetic Mean for Lognormal Distribution (Gilbert 1987, Equation 13.13) where:- y = arithmetic mean of the In transformed data sy2 = arithmetic variance of the In transformed data sy = arithmetic standard deviation of the In transformed data b.95= value used to compute one-sided 95% confidence limit on a lognormal mean n = number of data points 95% Uq= one-sided upper 95% confidence limit for a lognormal distribution .
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