Excavations at Oxford Science Park, Littlemore, Oxford
with contributions by Alis I.\IR B IR( 1.1\. 1'\[1 BII",1I0R'<. I'lL I BOOlIi . l'IOl.I" (,RL 'DO'. CLIIiU 1'l.H". 1..\, J 1(. ... " ". Ilu;o L\\I 0"-\\'11 \ \I IR .... ~I.IL RU.' MELLOR. ADRI" G, I'IR ... I Rand RL III I'F 1.1.1",
SL\I~I\R\
lullllr%/fu(lll1ll'nll{{alwm ll1ulrrlflkt'1l for (1larw 1'\II/lIUm to lilt' OVmd Shef/a Park pmdllu(/ n'itirna 1m lilt' lora/ "111'11'011"'1'111 fmm the po.'/-gl(1(wl l}uUKI ''',ollg'' to tht' prt'/I/I/oriC El'ldma lor \It-Iollthu ll£ltt'Ii) (III tIll \lIt' U'(H nhtnmn/ from itt/lin 111 laIn Im/IlI.",. SWII/"r!., \'ro/IIIH(. far/.\' Bmll:.t' .Igr. fllld mul llltt' nIflIlU'~1{t' mill',Il II ,,/nf'nllt'd IZ¥ "fllt/'Ull ,IIndl "lUI jlH/h . .1 Jlil ronlainmf{ Beakn polin') Ut(l\ lortl/rtf lI/mlg u,/tll tl/lIT pil, oj ,h, Inm Igf' l1uludmg (mt' oj tit, lain muldlr /ron .-Ige. Shnrl, oj n,,-(, Iron l,L:"f //Olin) 1/'01' fI/lfl prnr"/. ROil/fin POUt',')' iI'tll prnflll 1111 ,h, IIII' hoi" III lhe form ()f a Kenna/ ,man t/ullIJ{lillo nlnt',,.,,t uuuwrmg of jil'ld\ (llid 11.\ df'itllt'mll' \1'11'{"/wlI (1m/Importation onto tilt \Ill' II) Irlg/a S(lV~1I\. I \fltll'ml'lIl oj Iht' 11lK{o-SaxfU! pnlod 11'(/\ II'IJrt'\t'ntfd b). Ih, pr,,\I'llU oj Hmknl (ffllllrl'd /rlll!dlllg' u'llIit a IIInitn.,(,1 ~Jfln1l\lf{u{ had ber1l d/'\IHl.w'd "J 19th-ct'UIIII) (fluurylJ1gjor 111I11'\1011t.
ohn 'ioure J leriLage Senict's. on behalf of Iht' \()( \nhacology GnHtp. carried OUI j <.tl"(hacologlcai ill\CMig~lLions lor \Iagdalen DCH' lopmenh in adyancc of Junhcr de\eloprnenl of the Science Park. "\ lhree-slaged c\aiu<.ttion of the propo ... ed ... ite \\"~lS unclerl ..llell in 19991 prior to planning ronSCJ1l being gr~lIlled. rhe e\"alualion cono;bted of it geoph~ ... icitl "'lIne~. with limited trcn(hing of appi.lrt'1ll arclldcological anomalies. '\lone of ti)est' clllolllalies were {()ullci to be of al"{:haeologi<:al signifiranct'. being Illainl~ geological in nature, and Iherefore the trenching " I \ ~t:"Pflll for \O( \llh"eulug\ Grnul) on.l (.t"()Ph~'I(.11 ~llrH' carnc:d OUl at (hlmd Sc.1C:1l((: 1\lrt.... I.mkmelll'. () !eIre'· (~Ir.llitqan unpllbl. lepC)ll. \1.m.11 Iq~~)}. 2 ·llh.N·" 2 ,md.\ of \nhd1 Minchery Farm Fiddl.... Sewage Works elboW caravan ParI< SANDFORO-ON-THAMES I· i~ I ""lIl' lo( ,lIioll OXIORI) c.,CIF:'(" "\l{K 1.11 II f:\lOH.1- Hi:-) LOC.\rJO'. rOPOLOGY .\'D (.tOLOGY The ..,itc is located on thc S. side ofLhe old Oxford to Thamc raih,a, line. and is comprised of IWO diSlinCl areas - Phases 2 and 2a (Fig. I). The area of Pha,c 2 (~P 5390 0210 celllrcd) "bounded b) Ihe Lilllernore Brook 10 Ihe!'< .. Ihe A4074 LO Ihe SII'.. Grenoble Road l() Ihe S. .\RCIIAEOLOGIC .\.L B.\CKGROLi\O b, IMOGE:-I GRL!' I he area around ~Iinchel! Farm hits bcen sll~ject to a numbel' of arch::leological cyaluations and watching briefs since four Roman potten; kilns were found at Sandford Sewage Farm (;-"GR 5P 5199 0227) and excanned in 1879. along wilh Ihe dis«)\c,) thaI abolll an acre ,liglllh lUll her E. was cOlored "ilh pOller) debris (SI' 5510 022). rhe pOllefl manufactured at these kilns was of a wide range suggesting that the kilns here wcre in usc throughout the Roman period. Further Roman discO\'c rics followcd : a Roman egg-shaped urn found at ~Iinchery Farm in 1920 (5P 5-185 0229) and a ~ucces5ion of discoyeries of poue!')" kilns and coins wilhin I km. oflhe site forming the subjctl oflhis report. rhc construction of an cxtension lO Liltlemol'e Ilospital in 1934 led 10 the discmcq' of anothel kiln with its stokehole and related potten scatter (SP 5:~3 024-ccntred). The pOllcr~ IIlduded the necJ...s of screw-neck l1agons of the bl to 2nd century AD and fragmentl! of morlana . .I Cl'olugic.tl rcL -I I'll edilioll os map and ~ubsc During the (on",truuion of the Blackhlrd Lt.·, "'I Pellpheral Road, nm\ kncm 11 '-''''I (,I el10hk KO.lci. 10 tht.' E. of the Oxford Sc"ience Pall... limitt'd fUrLher c\ idence of Roman 1\\11 hlll..t,,, ,111,:.1, 1U1 h ' Pt:llpht'I,11 Ro;tcl.tnd IIflll"ng ,\tl',1 C:!. BI.ul..hiTCll.l·", (hI01d: \nh Sc:pt('mb(:r HI October 1999. and h:bruitn to June: :1OOU. \n .trch.Jc()l()gi~1 ob~ned most or lhe M)rL ..... hich \\a, h.JIi(:ci ()I dl\er((:d in ordcl to recnrd rc((),.;-ni\ed re:Il1.IIIl\. lhc' ..... uchlllg bnef in the I'hase 2.1 arca \\<1\ undert.lkl·n during f't'bru.1n 10 June 2(}OO b, one lU lour dn.hal·C)I()gl~ls depending on lhl' numbt:l of l-'\r.1'Jling llhllhll1('') ol>t:ldung at ..Ill\' tillle. 1'0.\1 ~lmUlI lndl'd}llIg the pC.Jt dcpmit\ in Pha'le 2<1 alCd a I1C(" IhlO .... pu (context ~()~. Fig. 2) \'0 as ~mplcd.\ IIIIHaO( \cnd).a 1.x:loIIKlIlg to all 101Illaturl' hllge ix)\ld «(l .Iult)(h,,) \'0..1, datcd I() 9UD ± 50 BP dnd 9t{96 ± SO LW I he pollen of.I ... tmpie of Pt."l1 lrom this Icature I" incilC /:;(/r!tn /Jll'lii\torir DUling Iltt' h.udllllK III ief un an \ slIb-<.trt.ui.tr pll (1i:10) 'hiS (ound during the w.Hdllng bnd 10 Ihe: \\. of the cxc.nation area \\lthlll Ihc I'hase 2 ,IIC:E.) lhollgln In thl' CXC'I\'lIor to be m HIli htllning (bUI \C'l' bdoh). The fill.lllill (fi:H) \\.1\ similar to the plllll /rOil 1/(, (h/(. 3) I hre(' pi'''! arl' a\\igm-d In Ihl"! period on Ihe h..t .. i~ nf l)()I1t'f\ u'l·mtrt·ct fmm them. nU.... e lie lo\\,lrd, lhe- \\ pan nfth( h.tli of the Phast' 2 eXGHdtion .lIe.1 .tIlel. pJOh,lhh lOlIllidt.'llldlh.lie in a line. The Ilculhelll pll (1Ii.lillllX' .... a .. malm pl.IIl-I.()(; Ill, x J'(HI m,- '. '., , , , , , , ,, , , , ,, '. .' ,.' ' , '., I , " Me figure 3 , " fordetai ,. ,i Sewage Works " / -- / -- " Area 2 " / ~""", " ./ .' o 100m ROIll.1Il pOllen \\<1' ,(auered \11\(1// (Fig. 1) ~lInl..c..'n le~HlIrcd buildings It'll ~1111\..en f(-,I1Ult'd buil{linh"S (SFlhl \\('1 t' ('\.(.1\ al/.:d (~"I\ ,., O. IIUmht'1 (:d S.l - S.l 0 nn Fig. :~) and " " '\n // '1' t. // r. ou /' -- tltS98.3 <://. " 0 ( ...-..-..- ...... 0 \ .-. / \ - /' , • -...... I i .- I ...... - • \ .-' I It 'l'\ ('I,ll (".l~e!l 111(,' uIIl{lIlal dimen,ioll"l of the \11 UltUll'" ,II t' unl..nnwn \\ twn anI, Il'~"Ilhan the hOI 10m :W() mill. 01 lhe..' Ie.ilun: i, \J1(-"1'1li. Thi, i~ clul' to ,hl' 11,11111(' (If Ihl" 'jolt ,,,nelthal the, \\l'rt' (III illlO, w!lith h.I' (~lmt'cI t'lo,ioll 01 til(> ~ idc.: ., and [hercime ,11\ .II-dl'fillt.·d t'(lge 10 Iht.' kiltllTC. The larK""'!' two "l'!"t' ~H\ I H.~) rn. '\. :U Ill.) anc! SFB 9 (-1.8 01. '\ :1.:\ Ill.); ,hl' dt.'l'I){·\1 \\tTe SFn 7 .H 730 mm. illld SFB :\ ,II no 111111 Di"lollnling tho'l' of 1<.- .. , ,han 300 mm. clqHh. ,h<.' "01.111(... 1 ",-'Il' "'i~ B :1 (2.97 m. '\. 2.72 m.) .mcl .... FB i f2,~W.) Ill. '\. :um m.). rhe\t' cllmemion,.ut: WUhllllhl' ,Ill' r.lIl,l.!;l' .H1c1IUWalch the I()\\cr end 01 tho-.e.1I B..tIICl\\ lilll.. , R,Ic!It.:\ ",hen-I(:ngdl\ arc :l- fL-) Ill .•lIld \\I(hh, :1.1 to -L-t.l m.1\! thefe doc .. !lol appeaf to bt, all\ (illka'nu' III ,"(, l,tIl~t' bc.'l"t'('n tht' {\\lI (J.lh:I~11I Ollt'llI.Won KlCluP" FuUl 01 till.: ~Hh (1.2.:Un here a 2·1'0'11 l'lx'. "Ith Sl U Ii plobabh "llhi .. "pe, exhibltlllK;I pmlhnl(' 111 (I' Ilt',11 tht· (t'nIIC: of t·,u.h ,hOI tend. Sl- B:S l1.Id one »(,,,,ihlt· pmlholl'. I hlt't" (1, i. 9) did 11()( .. hm\ JIl\ l" I(kllll' lex 1')o"lhulc .. "hill' ..,l-H In \'I III R. \_ ('h.llubel'l .md (0. \ltAddll1. f.llUvallOlI5 at IlfUTr)U IlIlb, /ladlt"]. (him, /9H1·', 101. 2. [ht'Rml!tlflf). Un/IIII ( fllll'lr" IIml .11I~ltr,\(l\OIl SI'Ulnll(1l1 (O.\l. rh,l1li{'" \ "lin 1.• I!lc.i"l,llx·\ tnollugr.lph. li,rth(nmin~) , I in J () II.... "() () K ~ .. I \I SFB I • W E """62.52m 00 • \:7 @& , 168 166 0 0'0 I '. '0, 0 (.0 o.0 I • j,' I I w E I 7< 62.74m 00 .... 121 130 168 146 N S A A 6279m 00 I 121 130 0 3m SFB 2 157 A A 62.53mOO AA " ~~_(-,r 154/ J B \ '" 62.55m 00 BB () " F () R I) ., ( I .. " (.. I' \ Rh. o L. I 1 I I t- " () R I 171 a E SFB 3 M • ... -.- - 181 A AA / \ \ \ aa ~ o -,or 62.52m 00 AA __.. 194 a """?<" 181 "A" 62 52m OD aa 181 SFB 4 \ ~ \ A_ - AA / a __ -,,62.47m OD ______~AA 186 a~ ~ 6249mOD aa 172 I 0 II' \1 () () )( l, l,. 1 \I POSItion of A cattle burial 621 SFB 6 I 623 8- o o • o • o • • • - - -.- . - - - - - . --.- . -~ . - _.__ .-.------I A AA AA-,.., 62 30m 00 8 88 62 .3Om 00 SFB 7 8 88 c cc ~ 6063mOO 645 59.94m 00 V 3m o:\.FOH..n ... (II:'(l- PAR .... IIITII:'IORl- 1 7~ s SFB 8 • V 641 N • S N A- - AA V i 637 643 S N o 'tf I 639 BB AA A -,.- 62. 17m 00 ~ -~------~ 637 B BB ----.-r- ~ 62,17m OD B • SFB9 0 N I o. J 0 i / 0 A -~AA o AA ?<; """"'~------62.0Sm 00 620Sm 00 ~~_____ 6_32 ______~~ Fig. 7 ~fo Bs M and 9. 171 1011"" '100R. E I \1 SFB 10 N i - 6 '" 180 o wsw ENE 1 J ~------~~------hK. Ii. '-,1'1\ 10. '0 'ign 01 I ehllbi .. hmenl 01 n:pl.lu:mellt of P()"I~ \\ithin the 1I1Ittll1C" .... a3 apparl·nt and III no {a .. t' \\l'll· Ihl'l t· in(h(d.tlon"!l of e.'''lensions or" rl'cut.. nf ,he.' plI .. , unlike at Bal ru .... 1111Is.11 Irregul.lritle., in lilt" mt·I,tll .. hape.· ,II e.. though I to he Ihe restlh 01 tht·ir .,hallo ..... m· ..... ,Iighlh tllll'\t'll "'lipping, or (."1 n"IOIl 01 ed~l" dUl" to lilt· 'nil nature 01 the "mel thai lhq "'ert' tUI IIllO . \-. U"Utlilhe.' plOhlem oflhe POSlll II Ibid. () " lOR D ... (. IF"" (. I I~ ,\ K K. L I I I I F \I 0 K l 175 S()lII(C. Dinerenet· .. III fill were onl~ apparent where there had been mbstalllial amoun15 of burnt lII<1telldl .Jdcll·d i.t". "jlhin S"-B i (tip line 629 "Itiun .. imilar nt.Jten'11626 .. bme ilnd lx:loh) and SFS 9 ""her(' Ihe.: IU"('r fill cont.uned murt' charcoal and Ie" .. Iime\tone piett' than the upper fill. SFS 6 conlained a depo"l1 w itilln the 'W quadrant Ih.Jl along with noti<.eabl\ Ic: .. 'i charcoal ned, OlI\() wntained an (IX .. lelelOll uubl(' lind .. indude pan ofa \\(.... \lI1g comb fmrn s..-a 9 (Fig. ) til, three spindle whorls from \Fli :l (Fig 16,2), and two fmm ")FB i (Fig 16. :l-I). Two gJming WUlllers made fmm cut do\\ n Roman p SfB /, Con(('xl~ 121. 131. 133. hg. I. Sue Plam 1.2,'). Site )e(lioll'l 14,21, 22. :!:l. '27 & 2M. Ollenl.1lI0n FA\ Dimensiom, 3.:i6 m., 3.00 Ill" 2.~M Ill., 2,)0 m., 2.60 Ill., 0.'2:' III Rt.'Ct.lIlgul.lI· ahhough nOt as hide in SE. comer and pm'iiblc .. lumping m cenlre of ,. mle .. tIld (enlle nr \If end. liase n.lt. side ... all, 45- . POM-hoie (146) ~l·1 .lg,lin'il CClllrl' ~. ('nel. o\'oid. diameler .\/B 2. Context 151 "ig.·" Sile plans M & L4 ~«)()11!i 16. 4i. Ollenlation :\l.-~\\'. Dimensions. 2.97 m .. 2.72 Ill, 2.62 Ill .. 1.~7 In, 0.38-0.-12 m Rt,(I.J11gular \1 ructll1e cuts pit (I !n). SIdes o( emh \('ep. other 'ildc.·~ (. ·15 · . Slighth undulating b !lFB J. COlllext I~I Fig. 5. Site plans 6 8.: LX. Se{lioll"i 30.. , 30b. On(,lll ..ned r\E.-S\\. Dimensiolls. 3.91 Ill .. ( 2.00 m .. 3.50 Ill .• (.2.70111 .. 0.15-0.72 Ill. Rt't:ulmear. Regul.lr sides sloping at ( 45- Base slope, dO\\.'11 to ,~ Palch ofburIlL material hing on l>.1se 111 NW part. I)os~jhle POSI 'ieuing lO\\.'arci!! ,. cnd Fill .. Iti2. 19-1. "-inds: SHU 8.: SFII - ceramic gaming counter'i, SFI:l & SFII - quartz gaoung pieces (poSSible) o\al "imoolh SlOne, dimemlons 25 x 20 x 10 mm. and 2·1 ... 1M x 10 IlIm .. ")F22 -ceramic !ipindle whod. PI{·cc."s of sl.IK. fit cd crdckcd 'Ione~. SF8 -I Context IMH. Fig. 5. Site plam Li & I.~. ")('tti(lIl~ 33-:l6. OnemJuon E.-\\. Dlmcn"lon ... 1.90 Ill . • :UO III appro..... :ti5 01 .• 1.;5 m. ,Ippmx .. n.26 m, clt·t:p Rt'wllllc:ar, Irregular \\.ilh gentle slopmg slde~.lIal bJ"t." Fill IM7, Find'i: SF9 - COppCI ailo;. fragmem. SI'12 - bone plll.:l h-ilgmenl~ ol.,lolg. lire cracked Slone~. SF/I ,. Context 607. Sile plan LI Orientated I:..·W DUTIl'mion'i: ,\FH 6. COlllexu 621. 623. Fig. 6. Sile pt.m Ll, 13 & II Se(.liom 57-59. O .. ienla((~d '\iW.-SE. DlIllcminn'i: I :H) m. '\\'.-~r... at lea'il 2.60 Ill. 'I:..-SW.• up lO O.:ii III deep. Sub-re<:lilineotr. Found under \\,uching bnef ('ondltiom. S\\'. ~ide nil b) pipe tr('nch .. \t leasl22 !tt'll.eh()lc~ in b.\\c. ,"'- 'iid!' irregular but approx 15". "\W .,iele ~h .\f/J 7. Cnnlnt tl~:'J. 6~7 hlot. n. "titt" plan 1.1, Ih &; .!II. "tl'ltllln\ Ii.\. IH, iii ii, ()m:nt,Ht'c! 'I:. -"t\\. I)lIl1l'II\IOIh.U lea ... 1 ~UNI Ill, ,to -~ \'. 2.90 Ill, '\\.-~l .0.7:111'- cit-q> "tub-Il'luline.tr. Found undl'l \\,lIdlln~ blid lonfhumh. t'"a\,IIt'd in ;,tt least 1\\0 ph,l<,t·, "t\\ ,,(It ,lpplO"mall>. 't..... ide C,-, '" linG. St 'Idc 70· FIJI ba ... l· Oc.t.I ... lun ..11 "'1~ll.eholes. I'm! hoi1..- al ,t l'lId (WIlIt:'t t;.·nl, m .. III.:'J2 Ill. '\,-".' (U3 Ill .• t.lpt:ring .111<1 ().t;1m. V /I S, (:olll('xl 6:\i FIg 7. Sill' pl'"l II , 1.19. 'u.'(linm rm-7~1. (h It'nl,t1t'd :\" -Sl:.. l)il1l('Il\i()n~: :l.lO III '''.-SL x 1.1l0-2.:lU Ill. O.11m del'p. In(·gu!.11 due III ,h.allu\\Ill·, .... ")idl'!'> \t'n litt'Jlth slnpin~, UI1('\('11 h,I\('. Ou,l ... ional ~lakdlUle!'> induclillK '0111(' IIl'.11 l'dR(: in SL ("cHTl('I. I'n\( h()It,~ ill both l·nd;. '" «{lUlt"1 lil:\)( II.:?;; Ill. III diamelt'r.ll,IG III. lin'p bdo\\ b.I"'t· of SFB. Sf,. (6j9), top m'dl (U}() 111. , ·S. x n.12 Ill. \\ilh .\1 It 9. (:ontext 6:tZ. h~. 7, Sill' pl ~fR IIJ. (:0111l"1 IHO. hJ.:.~. SUl' plan L\. ")e{liull 2.). I>inwmioll\: un III ,t -s\r.. -t.20 III ,",,)1 dquh :\0111. On 'Itl' thoughl tn haH' IX'cll a 11"('l' thm\\ pit dlH: to \('1\ IIH'lo:ul." ,hilpt' in plan. Onh .1 I).sn Ill. \\lck Wtllnn l"Gl\illeci '\I-.-SW th01ll(h (('l11n:_ Fill at S\\ l'nd \(·1,,)\\ hrohll ',I1l(h 'ih "hilc: rc,t \\ •• , ch .. (ulollll·c! "lilt!. flOIll lind, Il't()\('I('d ,md 1)1;1\111(111 in rdatioll 10 otht·, ,,1· lh 11m flo,\llIre i~ no\\ (:oll'tidl'l t,cI .1' ,. SI·li I'ill 179. \1 U II Probahll' SFB i(il-nlilil'd h\ 'Ilt,llllI!\ 01 filH" '(Tn III In\\t'l 1'.11 t (II old pioltgh\tlli. '\01 111\ ('''1 1.I{'l!l·c! it., tlUl' t(' 1(:ln,UIl 1>1 (',el\l'(\ undt'l Ifl,ld. \/- J~ 12 Pmsihk' SI·I:\ dill' 10 "mOlliH (,1 ROI1l,(Il find, 11111 lui dUI ill~ t'\"illlI.llioll Pip., '\(·\t·\ ,II P'" nmt;,ulll·d (III" IIl.Hcri.l! d;ul'd 10 Iht.' "),"(111 IX'll0d 1)\ pOI It" \, \ 'Uh... Ulular pit (I i7) 2.X 111. , :t I lit 1;1\ to Ihl' "t . of SI· Lh :~ & 10. I hi .. h;ul <;idt· ... 01 I~)·b()" .tnd j) 11.11 bil'l' 1111('(' pit' of lhi, ddt('I,t\ Iolhl' , 01 "t1'1\, :\ &: I 1\\0 (1:-t\ ilnd In1) \\-Cll' ()\oid \\Hh rntilldl'cI Jlwfiln .mcll1ll"t<;ured I 1:\ , L:12 Ill. \luht'"I.'fJ/ \\1l11i1l IIll' Ph,.... c 2 iU"t''' Ihe" hall of IIll'l"t;1\iIlIOn,lIl',1 \\.1' \IIIPPc.:d III ordel to n:\('al \\h.1t h.1\ Ihollglu If) Ill' ,I '1ll,lll medil'\,11 ,t'ulell1t'1II 011 Iltl' h'l\i~ of Ihl' t'\,lltl.IIIOIl \1t('1 1,II1eel "!tempt' In eldinl' .IPIMIt·1l1 le.llllit" cOl1laining lI1('dl('\.11 lind, hoth 111 pl.111 ,mel 'l't!inn 1\\(1 IMg(' \l'llioll\ \\ell" ll1<1lhlT1t'·l·,(.I\.lll,d 1111 (Iligh .Ippi" enth It''''''' dt'Jl~l' .11 t:iI' (If rhe large qU.II1lIl~ uf medie\al pUller) ,md mher finds indic:;atesthe presence of a St'ulemenl almo.'!t IOtalh clt>'mm'cd b" the qu.ur\lIlg. The S. edge ollhe quarl1ing e'l("nt Wo1!; nOI ub.,en·ed a'i the JI-ea ,,>. of the c"a\alion limit \\;.1 1.lIIcI~.q>cd UP" ard.. I he \clllt'melll had Ix:en .. ned Oil Ihe trest of the highC'r lanel \\ here Inllcstunc capo; the \;lIId. 'Wille features were founel funher n(H1h\\ PO\/-1fled,tllfJ I 10 the \\ of SFB lOa urtular pit (I '27) of I .... Ill. diameter \\ ..... (lit to a depth of 500 mOl. I he pit had undeJ"clit .,ides and .. flilt bao,c and the oni~ po"lt-mcdieh.11 find. (16th- to Hhh- AlhwlOi dtpo,\lr\ I he 600 nun. 1111(1. peal depOMls (Uppel - 61:\, lo"cr· 614) 10 the ~ . of the e'\ca\~ltion area. in the Ph.1SC 2 alea, O\edic a dep4NI of blue gTe\ allU\"ll cion (61."H."\ ~herd of2nd-tt·llIun pOI ten: ",as rC«)\t,t<.·fl hom6I3. rhi\ ",ugge"ll' thou tlu: 1>c:,11 was pr~ I h(' e,c hpltdlh .tll oflhc f.thnt ... an· pnnupillh tcmpcl{'d ~Ilh KICI~. hilidl \.tllt:~ III"I;C from llIt'dllllll (l.~' 111111,) 10 qUilt' (().\r-.(" (~()Ill('lImc .. mel 3 mill.). \In... t uf tlte gTOggc lilt, ..I\\(·mblaJr.:e In{lude, bod, lint' alld HMI·\!: W,lll' \t.·~"'t·I'i that III It.·lln ... ()f .. hilpe alld dewl .IlIOIl ,11)PIC"IIIMIt' ItI CI.lIl..t· ... !-in.11 SOUL Ilt'lIl 'Illtl linger-nail lip tll'WIClll'd glClllp .. II \'t,,,, .. ds :\-:; Gill all be dl''i(ribt''d a~ Iin(·".IIl'~ .1I1e1 IIIdudt: a rilll fr.I~Illl'nt \\ilh mllnci loolh{'d (olJlh iI1lPll'~"'IClm (\".... I), J. rim fril~ll\cnt , .. ilh il1tl~t'C1 dl'IOl;Ulf)n (\'c-... J) ilnd ")IIlt' bo(h ~hnds "ith intis('d II);t·IlIo((' IIU)I1" (\"t.... 5). In nmlraSI.lrt· Ihl·lO I:.! \1, Robimlill pcr' fOlllm. n lelcl1lili(alion (,Ifill(' bt.'dH·r dam.lllti \'ofHKII)\ '\1(1.. \litdwll, n\l II D_I Chlll..t', III'(1k.l'r Poltn) oj (.It'at JJnlmn /Hld hrlm,,/ ( I 970), ~:~ I-H. () '\. .. () R J) ~ ( If<"" (I I) ." R K. I I I 1 I 1- 'I () K t 17t t \e .. \('I .. I hl'''l" ale.' dl'tor.ut'd ellher "ilh 'tab, linger.nall or finger'lipplllg OJ "ilh it uUllblll.uinll nf Ihl-"(: ((,:(hnltflll'" .... \\l'II .... \\ IIh 1ll()Ulded un"dom dnd gnlomt:"_ In ~t'nel althc hute.-I J{roup of \(:\*1 .. h.l\(: thle.l \\all, I \III f I. 'BRf _ '~I)()W' 01 "I m 'SW\lBL\(.f OF BU~ER I~) n lRY B\ HSSf I '''l CO If" I'L \lBf.R()f'>lIfRI)'> "I)\\EI(.III) ' -e .... d 631 613 6:\6 10lal 2. 60 R. I. 1M g. :~. 7X g. ~ I. 11:1 ~. I, 11 :1 g. :1 2. ,\2 g. 2. :t~ g. ..,, II g . 2, II g ;, 2. ,) g. I . 12 g. :1, Ii g fi I. 20 g. :1. :lH g. i, 5X g i ~3,199 g. H, 51 g. :1:1, 250 g. H 9. 66g, 9. 66g. \} 2. 23 g, 2. 25 g. 101,11 12, :tilg 9. 12M g. 14,194 g 65. 6.;:\ g. ClIlalngll' (fip. 9-1/) 2. CCHlIl"I\ fi:n·6. \ 101.11 nl 1111('<: ,Ill'nl<, PH g.) from Ihe Ill'<:l and belh 01 .1 \e",eI dl'wlaled hllh .1I1 .. mt'1 IInpr""'l'd fingt:I·lIall. 1·"briC: (~,\2. CUIOlIl ex!. brohn; une and int, bl.ld... Condition lim, Rurn! re.,ldlle fin interim "UT !IICC'. :1. CUII!eXI 6:~1l, FoUl" ,hcld, (113 g.) from Ihe rim, ,'ed.. dnd ", /)I\{UHIOII ,\ number 01 \n,c(." (1.2.5) ,Ippear to h.l\e bldd Glrboni.,cd lesidues on lhtir IIIlcrior "'III 'ilCC!'!. ".. hl(h [Ould indi<..tt(.' Ihill till" \\crt' u!<.cd for cooling, ,\nOlher nm (\"el.,. :H , , (/~. " 2 " I ! , I 1\ 1 ... I j " • 1 j , 11 ~ , / •? • " ~ , ,, , ,, , ,, ,, , ", • ., .~! , .' .. ' I .:r 3 \ U / , 4 5 , o 10 em Fig. 9. Prehist(Jric poucn . OXI-ORD ..,( II-.'C,I:; I'.\RK, LII I L.E.\10KI- 1$] o 6 I ' 6 I" J 0 em 7 8 Fig. 10. Prehiswric potter .. , I"h ere arc no\\ a number of sites with Beaker pOller) from the Cit) of Oxford. A simihlr assemblage \\<13 found at the Hamel' S and a number of Beakers are known Ii'olll gnncs. 16 Tht pit group i., \eq similar in ,haraclcr [0 other so·cal led 'domestic' Beaker 1.1 '\. Palmer, '.\ Beaker Burial and ~ledie\'al ~ Ient'ments in the Halllt!l. Oxf(}ld'. OWmit'1llf(/, xh (1980). 12-4·63. Fig. 3. 16 II. Case. 'Beaker Pouer~' rrom lhe Oxford Region'. UvminlJi(/, xxi (J9j6), 121, Fig. 6; \. Parkimoll, .\. Barda, and I~ \IcKeague, The EXCa\dtion of~hH) Bront:c\ge Barrows, O ...Jord', Owmellsin. lxi (1996), 41-64. Fig. I. 1M2 J () II:'\; "nORI I I \ l. I ~ • , '". 10 I ~ 0 10 em - ===--===-- 9 I• Fig. 1 1 I'rt.'hi~IUI"Il p()llel~ I h"I11I<'\ \ all(,\".17 I hese a~semblagcs usuall\ ('ontain <.' elcmclll'>, III which the finewarc vessel,> are elecoratt'd \\ nh im."i'ied 01 comb imprcssioll'i -I II E PREH I STORI C POTTERY b) ,\L1 S-UIR BAReL\y I ht' ""t'mhl.IKe indllde~tH handmade ,held\; (202 g.) 01.1 wide claw rangt' ('\eoiilhi( through to Iron .\gt') !\I,lm of th<.· .. her 17 II.J. (.;I"(',~, 8"\11('. S. Stede. \1. .-\\'('1") "mill ~lIlt'rnl(.'i,t('r, T,r;n-;:uions at em hUIll, IlilnholOugh, (holl'. O\mllf'/IIW, XXIX-XX' (196Ij). I~U( II) LI'(' ill Palmcl. op. cu. n()t~ I:'}; \ Har< I 1.\1I1.f. 2. PR~ IIISIORIC I'() n ER\: \ BRUKDO\I' 01 '>IIfRDS"' PERIOD A'D CO, I <., I I'L \1 BER OF ,m RD.,. II <'1(;11 n COnLt:"XI SS'\o 'colithlC I'.B.\ \1-l.II.\ I \ Ind. Preh 10ldl 107 116 I. ~ g. 2. ; g. I. 2 g. ~. 1:1 g. 107 II:) I. :i g. I. :i K. II~ 2 . .:-, g. I. I g. 7. :10 g. I, I g. II. :ng. I~I 1~2 I. :\ g. I. I g. '1, I g. 12; :\. 2 g. :\, 2 g. 14!, I. I g. I. I g. 17M 14. ;,3 g. 11. 55 g. 1~7 1. 17 g. I. 17 g. 19() I. :1 g. I. :1 g. I"~ 2. j g. ~. ;) g. ~(n I. I g. I. 21 g. 2. 22 g. ~07 I. j g, I. .> g. 209 2, 26 g. 2, 26 g, 211 1. 6g. I. 1 g. '1, 7 g. fiOI I. 2 g. I. 2 g. 10(~11 6. 30 g. I . I g. :\. 1:1 g. :\ 1.1~6 g. 2. 4 g. 16. 1949. /-(,Im(\ \ "idl' I.lnge.' ,,11 "2 lI.ud labri( "illt wkilll·-d f1illl Some.· fabric, dl .. o ('(mldin qUi.H'11" ..and. (2 ~.IIIc1·I<.·mUtl t'd (I run Agel \ 1 lint' I() Im·diulll (up to 0.5 mm) quanL '-) I I1ci(.'ll'll11in.11t: III chi ... IOll( In 'Iddiliull two \hnd, ( I ~.) wuld lIot be EUr/II" Pn'hHtmil' ~t.'()lilhil FiH' Wnlt'''I' (lOi, II H. 124, I Hi & 20:)) w11IillJll'd 'cnhlll\( ,h(,1 d ... , lhe 1ll0'{ diagllo'itk of ",hidl \\ ,I ... a wId imprt· ...... t·cI d('cOl \ 'ill).(lt' \l'1\ "11111 and ~mall (I g,) !{l'Og-ll'Illperccl ,hl'leI IIOIH lOllles.1 IIH 1\ like!) 10 b(' 01 ('ill 1\ III on It.' AKl' d,ut'_ It nnile! <1('1 i\l" lrom \lmt ollhl' 1(.'llIaillillg \hCHb are in ~tlnd 01 ,hdll,II)li(,lh Indl'll'nlllUotf'lm'/lI'tto1'1( In additioll, 1\\0 ,lwl" Ih(' '!Hilil a ...... (:ll1hlage of pOlit'I \ i~ lin POIl ~l J 1110111,-", ( IIdn\llllldlllg 'hl'\"l'lIlillll( (1909), 1-"11-\_ H_~. 2.1 .\, Harda\, 'bllit'l Prehi.,lOrI(' I'ollc"n ', III 1\lIkin"'olll'1 ,II., op (It l1otl,;' I(), p. 51; F. Raddille, 'txc,l\t\liOlh ,\I Logi( l.ane. (hlOlci The »1 l'hi\lOIil ,IIUIIllc,·dinill lind,', ()\()//ll'1l\1fl, ""\i·",,ii IH)(il-'1). JH-fiH o '{ I, 0 H. n ~ e: 1 F :-.. (' 1 I~ .\ H. K L. I T 1- I F \1 0 H. l' A "imall quanut'r oflaler Bronze Age palter) ha3 recentlv been round at Blackbird Leys.:!II·rhe larger number of Iron\ge ~herd'i lad-iii diagnostic pieces ,Ind could include \essel~ of both earh allel middle dale on the bac;i!t orlhe two rims and the fabrics. Small quantities of Iron Age pottery arc kno\\11 and ha\'c been published from the ea:;tside oroxrord.2i and larger assemblages have been reco\'ered fmm ~ttlement .,Iles at Blackbird Leys,~!:1 from White Home Road, O"\fol-d2~ and rrom the LniH'r ... il\ Science Al"ea.:\O The generalh small and abraded CI\sembJage of Iron Age potten i., like" 10 IIldicatc senlemelll n(',ub\ but nO( necessdl-ih on this 'iilt'. Ctl/olague (rig 9. I) Context I HI. Monlake Ware rim \\'ith impre<;<;('d twi<;t{'d lOrd dewrauon. Fahnt Flo Condition \\Iun. ROMAN PO'ITERY b) PAUL BOOTH Sume III ... herd., of Roman pouen. \\eighing 19(}6 g, WCI{' n.'w\"CI"ed rrom the ("\aluiltion aud sub\('quelll eXCa\ Falnlr.\! ~~{,re.\ lhe potten \\a~ di\ided inilial1~ into Illajol \\are gUHllh, cidined 011 the b.l .. i!> of signifiGlIll willmon characteli~ti(,.31 ~herds were then as~igned ('Hhl'r 10 the principal !>ubdi,i"iolls of the \\are group!> or to indi\ idlldl fabric .. \\ .1re\, Idcmificauun of W,lI~C:' \hne .. to Ihe lelel of indi\ idual fabric-. was nUl gcnerall) comidered appropriate. The wares pre:,em are quantified inl~lble ~, in terms or their COIllC'l:t. a di<;linlllon Ix>ing made between tho~e sherds \\hieh derhc from the fil" of SI'H., (or. in a \el") fel\ cases. othel <) ....cxialed ()! integral !calm('s) and mher COOlext t'pe ... rhe \\,lIe, ..lie defined a., follows: F31 . M41. Oxford rcd bro".n colOllr·coated mortariullI Llbric (f Q21. O)l.fol"d uxic!i .. ed \\o-hitc.:,lipped fabri( (fahrit;t~ \131) lNO. Gl'Og.tcmpcrcd 'Belgic l~pe' fabriu3i 010. Fine Stlllch oxidised 'war!>e' wares:lH 020, ).lIld) oxidi~ed coarse wares39 ~6 I'aul BOOlh pel-so comlll. 2i G. h.ce\ill alld 1 DUlclen. ·.-\rchaeologital \\-ork OHI Pink grogged \\ R20. Sal1ch 1 c..'duu'd ware~ coar'iC \\ al es+·1 R:iO \kdium 'i Ihl' \\a1{'~ .Ire grouped in the 'icqucnrc (If 'fine and ~pc(ialist (F, 1\1, \\' and Q) ware;' followed b~ the plinupal (·O'lI\e w.. lres (here E.. 0 ,Uld R ware grutlp~). rhe I I hvl i.l/Jt'.\ and df(OralicnI 'IIIt'lcen \e\ .. cl~ '\t're repre'icntt'd b, rim ~henh. \I()~t of tht'\l" \\ere ():..:ic)rd fine and .. peuali.'lt \\.lIt· pmdu In P Ilouth .lIlel S. (;reen, 'The ' .. !tilt' ilnd Ili\trihlltioll of Ct'lIall1 Pml.. , Gmg-It'mpered \6... els' i"l. HOII/ulI PoUr,.., .\lun. 2 (19H9), 77·84 II YOllllg, oj). ut. IIllle :~2, pp. 202 SFB Come);!..', Olhel l:.xU\'i:llioll Contexts E\alualioll Contexts 101 II. \\', 11 C :"Jo. !)oh. cf sh. \\'1. ~. cf "t. :\0. :th. (if sh. 11'1. a. <:k wI. No. sh. (if: ~ h . \\1. a. (,; h (. '0. sh. <,;{- sll. WI.e:. q \\1 F51 26 11.3 600 :37.':' I 2,9 24 9.3 I :10.8 2-' 21.X :11 27.9 61~ :1:1.0 M22 2 3.2 2-1 1.5 I II. I 76 29.5 I 7.7 16 11.8 7 6.:1 1 Hi 7 I \1 :1 1 I 1.6 18 1.1 I 2.9 I 1.6 I 7.7 12 10.9 :1 2.7 :1·1 I i Mil 2 3.2 121 7.6 I 2.9 6 2.3 :I '2.7 127 li.5 WIO 2 5.7 10 3.9 2 15 ., 1 10 9.1 I :1.I 20 1.0 W20 I 1. 6 12 2.6 I 2.9 I 0.4 2 1.8 1:1 2.2 Q2 1 I 1. 6 9 O.li I 0.9 9 0.5 E80 o I 2.9 2 0.8 I 0.9 2 0.1 " 010 7 11.1 70 1.:1 5 I 1.:1 13 16.7 3 2:~.1 12 10.!l 15 1~t3 125 6.1 020 I 1.6 2 0.1 I 2.9 2 0.8 2 1.8 I n.2 081 I 1.6 2G 1.6 I O.g 26 1.:1 Rill 8 12.7 19:1 12. 1 8 22.~1 58 22.5 2 15.4 Ii 5.5 18 16.2 257 1:11 RII I 2.9 I 1.6 I O.g 1 {),'2 RI9 I 2.9 I 0.1 I 0.9 I O. I " R20 I 2.9 2 0.8 I 0.9 2 0.1 R:IO 12 19.0 477 29,M 6 17.1 2· ' 9.3 I~ 16.2 ,iO I 25.5 R90 I 2.9 I 0.1 I 0.9 I 0.1 R95 I 1.6 16 1.0 I 0.9 16 O.S 10lAL 63 1598 35 258 13 I 10 III 196G A\'crarre Wl. 25. 1 7.'1 8.5 17.7 o x " IM8 JOliN l\tOORE ET AL. Decoration was generally um ernarkable. but lwo stamped sherds, bUlh in fabric F51. "e,'e of note. Tilc.!>c wel-e a base Ii·agmenl, almost certainly of Young lype C45, \\;th part ofa semi-literate pouer's name stamp as Young 1977, 176 and 178 no. 4. ending in SEO. Young51 records three examples or this stamp, nOlle from produrtion sites. A fragmentary stamp ending EO is ,·ecorded from Lower Farm, Nuneham Counena},,52 btll this does not appear to have the preceding S. A rim of Young type C85 has a fragmentary rosette stamp. The onl~ other significant decoration recol-ded was while painl on a din of Young type C50.1. Sunken featured buiiding_\ A significant proportion of the pouer) derived from fills of Anglo-Saxon sunken featured buildings (SFBs) and a small nunlber of direul} associated [eawn:s - ~pet.:ili.c !"li Young. op. cil. note 32, p. 337. ,;2 Booth el al., op. cil. note 31. p. 173 no. 9. 53 f.. I. Leeds. 'A Saxon ViUage at Sutton Courtt:na), Be,·kshil e: lhi,·d repon', Arcilae%gil/, xcii (19-1: 7), 85. () " , () K n ... ( ,t- "( J- "\ R .... I I , , L J- \1 () K t- I ~~, {(),ued \'.lIes) ()UUlTcd III SFB .. at \uellen DriH',\bll1~d()n,5-I.\t the ~a,on !>eulemelll"'llf' ,II UiUml\ I hll , R,ldlt:l, lilt, gll',n majoril\ (61f'l) ul the 7j Rom.1Il ... herd ... idenllfied ,.\ being n.·u'ot"d \-.t0n.. of Oxlord ... llIre w)ollr-(031ed ware..5~' With the colour-c.eMwd .. herd .. III pi.1I1icular Ihe b I he pOllen a~\cllIhlilge fOlllpl'i3ed 95j $hCl"ch \\ ilh a lolal ,""eight uf 1M,979 g, I he mmunulIl lIlunlx:r of \(·~,d\. b) mCit$tI1CnH.'111 orrimshcrd k'l1glh . WJ.!o> 9,15, 01 "hich 7.63 "t'It:Jill!i dnd 1.52 !J<)\,I..,. ~H ,hnd.., (-123 g,) \\-ere of R-H and 2[, shcrds (3H2 g.) of lam '\Kl' datc, "jlh lhe 1t''i1 h<"ing Anglo-Saxon. I Ii<.' nnl} d,IIC i.lhlt'\nglu-Saxoli \t'\scb from Ihe .t~'tembli.lge appe.lr tn he of 61i1-tentur:r '\ pe, although ... mlle- of Iht' grouJ>!i \\hi(h lack decor.lled ware~ Willet be of' 7th-('cntul\ d.ut.·. 1 he I,lnge of rabric t)pe\ ,mel tht., ",,)k'\ of deeCH.llion life npi<..11 HI' earlv ,\nglo-S .. \.OIl 'Ille3 ill the arc.l ••Ind it ,lppcars likeh that Ihc\lIglo-~.J.xun f{',HUI e<; from tlus ,itt· .Ul' piU I 01 the Iilrxt'l 'tClllenll'lll lh Fflbnn , ht: foffo\\ IIlI{ f.lbl i( t\ pell \~ere noted; II 1/IIt" quart:.. \lod{'1 ale" 10 dense lllb.• lI1gul .. r (luanl lip III U.3 mm. Ran.: ( 3·1 (: Lndcr~{Jod-h.t'"t'"\ill. 'The poue'1 ,Ill (.D. "t'c\ill, '\n \ngl()-~.I."'()II Slte.1I Audlett Om<:. \hlll¥cion, Oxfnrchhll c', o.~m;tnf;(J, Ivii (I H92), 71-2. :1. I~ I}oolh, 'I he Roman ()onel''''· . ill Ch.unbcn .mel Mc\c1;1Ill, op. (It. note 10. ~tli J. Plnune/, ' J II<.' L.lte Romano-BI iti~h POIlt.")', 111 ~. We,"" , Hhl StOll' t"f~lIglo-S(JX(m j 'il/lIg" (Ea!!1 \IIKIi,lIl \teh,len!. Rep. 2·1. 1985),82-5 :17 J) ~lil('!t . D, Hufd II; 117 :\ 17 I \IS ~ I ~:~ \:-, t. \I, I.;;) :\ IIi 2:l1l 22 1'\".) :\ II .J:' E \1'> l:)() 2 b\IS Ji~ H 26 :\11 f \IS 179 :, I.~, :I ; I :I III he. IS:? :\0 !III'! :t! H99 -; 11~ IllhC? \1'12 \ Iii :l9 210 22 :ml 2 2.;:\ IH 1:;9 ()I he? 11'12 II :\9 :W7 :lj 605 :\H 6LhC? IX:? :\2 :!,·,n ~n 12() I :! I 1 it) III 6thC? 11'12 () 100 n :\h1 '--)2 I~II ; III 2 2 uo hlhC; I~:\ 2 (ilhC; IH7 2':' 2 :\ 17 1 II ()thC? IH; ", 7 III :Hl 6th( llii st' 2 H 12 H:\ :1 12 :1 f \IS IHH :, 12 16 I' \IS 19t1 2 I' \IS 19:1 2 f \IS 196 2 2 f \IS 19S ; 2 Ii f \IS ~07 10 f \IS :?on I; 2:? 1\ 215 ~ 18 1\ :H2 I; \IS 316 HI I ~I'> :1 II; :1 III 1611 II I ~IS !iOI :1 I· M, h05 9 f \IS:' 60H ;1 II I~ 107 77 f)X '1 f ·MS flOH " :; :; I· M' 610 ~ I ~" :; 622 ~ I; 22 2 I' \IS / H:? 1 ~ :11 2:l 32:l :1:1 169 12 IlIO 6lh(:~ :; 62t; ~ :1 I II ili!1 :i2 311 7 9H i 90 :; :JH I· M,' ::;'" 62H ~ 1:1 I \\, J ti2~1 HO :IU Il:)J i 29:l ~ Ii f MS; n:i2 I 'I I ;1 ,;i f \1'> / H:I:I 7 I ~)H :1 -'".. , 1:1 :III!) f \1'> ' 6:i 1 Ii (\ I :; 2 II F \1., 6:\M :1 2(. H :iH 10 2 ., 1 :1 I \1., ~ ~ lilO 19 1:1 I· \1) ,.'" Ii I ti :1 2!l I· ~" H06 :1 hi Ril I ()I.II 25 :182 2/l 12:\ I III :lttl2 :ti2 9511 12 I:i!lO HI; I I 10 III H5 9 202 ,.. ~ ~ ~ ~ '"~ "- 19~ I()II' ro.l()()RL 1'.1 ,\ 1 II Clltlnr tllllllt:.. \1()d~r.lIc: to dcn ... c: ~uhr(JlIndl'd In ;lddlllOI1. 2H .,hcld ... (·12:\ g.) 01 R·B '.lIlrl1:i .,lIt'HI\ (:"SH2 ~n 01 lIOn ,\gt· IX)l(cn \\cre 1I()(('d. Ilu: pottl"!" ()( U1H'IH('ln l1l1ll1ht.·1 C/mJ/lolof.,,)' Ihl' dating of C,lI h \nglo-Sa,oll pottCI~· I.. t'Tltil ('h (It-pendanl UpOll tht· pn~seTlce 01 dt'mlated P()"(,l~. Llbl it ;tlld \C, .. l'l f011m do shc)\\ (;hangt" o\'er tunc. but tlll'l C ~l!! II I· 11 ,1I11l'row, L\/'twlllwl/I III \ll/lklll/r I fll. 2. Ihl" !IIKfo·Sfl\ol/ .\1'11/1'1111"111 (f.Ilg-. I Jerilage \r I AB I. I:, 5. \'\GLO-S.IXO' I>() rr ~R\ Or.COR.II ED ,)HERDS Context Cut ;"';0 Wt \1'\ I Date 19_J- 18 0 Glhe? !lL.amped inCised boss 1<)~ _J j 0 Glhe? "'tamped pendant lI-iangle!t 12(,) 2 0 6Ihe::. 'tamp + m(i~ed 179 i 0 GLhC~ IIlci~<"d bm.~ 1M2 13 0 Glhe? .,Iamped pendant lrianglc~ 182 7 0 6thC~ In 11:\2 80 0.25 6111(, ncar~colllpicte in('i~cd Illililaturc~pot 1M2 I 9 (I GlhL? "'tamped pendant Iriangle 182 .\ 23 0 61hC~ illcbed. rai.,cd collar, sl~lmp 182 II 0 GLhe? Ino .. ed 1M2 C :; 0 (}lhC~ ~tamped and illci~ed 1M2 (. 0 6Lhe? Si-llne a.-, collared \'Csscl~ 11:\2 0 8 0 GLhe? I nosed 182 0 6 0 61hC~ IIlciscd &: "'tamped 1M2 D j 0 GLhe? Ru~tiGltcd I H~l 2 0 6Lhe? Incised 187 3439 0.78 61hL inci,cd triallgles &: multiple 'l~lmps IHi II 0 6thC incised triangle~ &: stamps 187 :-.JW I 6 0 GlhL imi.,cr! bos~ 02-1 ~l 78 0.12 6the siamped pendam II-iangles 624 56 0 6thC? incised boss 624 24 0 61h(' Stamped !Il1/.llmlro//., (Fig,. 12 - 14) Fig I!!. I .md Fig 14. I: Context 187, F2: Lll)~e sti.unpcd H· .. .,t:l, Blild.. f~brk \\ilh bro\\n patche~ un both Mlriace... Fig. 12.2: Context 182 & H~2D. F2: Lugged \e~~eI Bli.lck fablic \\ith it ::;mooth and lighth bmni'Shcd (lutl'l surbce \\ ith brown patc:hes. Wear marks around the lug.holes. Fig. 12, j: Conll'xt IH2. FI: \liniature pm. uniform ddrk gre) labric Fig. 12. I: Context 182 & 182(;, FI.Jar, uniform black labric with lighter palches on outer lower bod~. FIg. 12,5: COlllexl IH2 & J82A. 1'1. h\o non~j()ining .,herds fWlIlthe same vessel. inci£cd pt·nd'II11lriangle~ \\ ilh phlin pUllched c:irc:ular stamp impression. Both haH: a ullii(mn black fabric, one shcrd has a bnm n outer 'iUri:Kc. Fi g. 12. (l; Context 182A & 182D. FI. Stamped \:esse! Wllh sl;l'Shed (oliar. Fine grey fablic wah d Fig. 12,7: Context 125, Fl . Closed bowl. Blatk lilbl·ic with brown, lightl~ burnished outer surface. Fig. 12.~: Context 125. F3. Bossed and stamped slll·rd. (,Ie) fablie with sllloOlh. black OilIer ,urf Fig. 13.9: Context 126, F2. Jar rim. Grey hlbric with Yillicgmcd reddi... h~brown and grey surfaces. I.ighth burnislu'd outer SUI·face. ;::. ----~-_.-/ o. o I ( ~ (' ~ . 5 ' 5 7 8 o 20 em 6 Fig. 12. \nglo-Sd\'OIl POUl'I'. 0","01{1) "oC.lf 'Ct I'!\ R K, I. I 'I 'I' L E. \1 0 R I' I!I~ / l I -p\ \\ I U 9 ,:..-- .; ( / I " I 2 0\ ~ ,...... ,. , '1:" t"r" t"1" I ~ 13 o 20cm Fig_ 13. \nglu-S.lxon poue!"). Fil{. 13, 10: COlllexl 126, FI Ciost:"d bo\\-1. L nilOlIll black Ild,rir. !lghlh hllllll,!.hed QUIt'1" surface. Fig. J:\, I I: C()l1IeXl 126, FI. Foolnng h'lse. Lnil(ltm bla(k labtic with \'Cly smooth surfaccs. Fig. 13, 12: Context 608, FJ.jar rim. Glef labile \\-lIh d"lIJ... orallge·brown \Urfilecs. folg 1:1,13. Context 62-1, FI. Rim fromjdl with st 'h\fl Fmf{1l1rnltlllOn rhe me.\O ~h(:rd .... eight (,\nglo-Saxol1 ~lll:rds cll1l~) V..I'i 20:l R., "hl(h 1\ qUlle lugh for .. ssembla~c\ ul Ihi\ date. IIm.. e\er, the data is slight" diston(:d b ... the nC'lf complete. 1.lrge .. es\cJ Irom C(Jntext IHi 1 he rim fragmcnt.ltIoll IS more t\Plcal. the mean Ix'mg 9.K'1- (omplete. rhe par.II11f.:ler is quantified as folio .... .,: > 5W mmplele: 3K.7fk of the rilmherd .Js!W:mbJ.:lge 5.1·1()I;Y complele: 31 .... q 10.1-15'1 complete: 16.1 c;{- 15.1-2(fl wll1plete: 3.2~ 20.1-2.Y1 wmplete: 2.2<1: 25.1-30'"k wlIlplete: 1.1 % 35.1-1 rhis Ir.lgmentation spread is not 1I11t\pltal 01 e.lrl~ S.n;(m a~!lemblages, wmpri<;;lIlg mdinh small Iri11i:IlICIIIS. pmlMbl) the re~uh 01 .secondary deposition. and a Ie .... 1110re com plett' \(:~')el~ thal are lilel} to be the I(.",u h of prilll o Fig. II \ngiO-.... ,I'\flll pnlll" \ <:/0\\./"\ Rigillou, In, .. ,-fit '1II •• h",\ .... iI .. (,lIlil'd Ollt ifll ,.I! (,Ollll-'" I hl' fJllh Ollt'., that wcre nhldt· \\t'!(' ,11I1.fllll thl' lill .. III pil I ~ I ,\\ folio .... 'I' I X:!.\ - Il't.!( H•• \(, .. h"'1(1\ 1)o.i1 I H:!D I.ugged H· .... d IH~ IH:!( PI.UII hunmlH'd \C,: ....d ,:! 1M:! il'tH l nlini·ilwd "',11111\ \t"'I,.'l IX:!!\ I~:.!D 1.i1I){l' .,.Ind, lh.IIl-ll'mpt'led \l""d IH:!.\ IK:!J): (ollilll,d \,.lmpt.:c1 \l""d Ill(' (h.dl-tt.:mpt'll·d ,ht'lch hom (ullin.• , Ii:~:\ ,111<1 6:\ 1.lplx·,1I III ht: hom thl' '.lIn(: \C .... l·l. .dlholll(h Ill) uo,,· lit .. (olilel hl' 1ll.ldt'. o " .. 0 R I) ... ( I I '" (I I' \ R .... I I I J L. I \1 () R I 1m TIlt' l\\rmh/(lJ(t'11I It\ R'KW'III/ Conlnl rhi\ ...... unhlagt· 1\ a IN..'fu\ ~ulditjun to lIu' KI 0\\ IIlK 11I1111h(:r of POUl:r\ gwup ... fmm earh \nglo-Sa,,"on "ItCo, III (hlfuchhirc: th.u ha\c: ~en .l.Ilah .. td .mel j>uhh .. hc:d 111 rt.'(tnt 'c:ar... Joe- range of fabn<. I'PC, nottd ht'J~ .trt" \en similar to lho,t" from OIllt·1 .. ltt'o,. '"lh .1\ F\I1,ham \bbe\,li4l.lnd R.tdle\ Balm" Hl1kb1 111t' (hlC)I1oloJ.t" of lhi, 'lite dcK."'" ,Ipp<.'ar mOH' Iimill'c1 Ih.1Il lho-.e of Radle\ I\arro\\ I hll, and t~m.h,lIn. bUlh or ",hic..h pnKiU MI::D I I:X\L AND I'OS-I-~II::DI E \'.\/. 1'0 n FRY hI \1 \L RI:./-'\ \II:.LLOR SOllle 2·12 handmade .md .... hc...·e\ lhrown .,11l'rd~ (2250 g.) \\l'll' 11"(()\('J{'(1 rlom thc 1'\;Jiualioll and .,ub\cquclIl c\.GH<.uioll ;.HId watching brief. I ht'\l' d.llt' 10 the \euHld half 01 the 12th cCllIuq\[) through 10 Ihe 19th c·emur), rhe range of Illt'(lic\.11 1:11>11('" ,cliett., pl()ciUtuol1 (CllIres that I,h P\\, BIlIllhorn. ' I hl" l)oo,t·Rnm,1Il POIIC:!,', III r,,,/tlllllllll\ "t hll\lwlfl Ihllf'l ( I ht: lOarSC\\an.:~ fmm lhe- distant ca'll \\,ih~hiH: plOdtiLlion '1lte'l in lhe \icinit\- of lht' S.l\cfIl.llt: FOIC..'''> L fC)lIo\\ a di~tnlJUlion highlighted in I en.'nl ~LlIdic'i,7-1 I he majority of lhe e\ ide nee "lIgge~L'i 'iOIllC 'it'uh:mcnl nCillb) III the 'iccond half of the 121h n.·IlIUI-Y hut more (ert'linl~ in the 13th ilnd p()""ibl~ 14th n:nttllle~. 1 he I:{t h·centun fine\\ HJI\ I b) IILCO L\N(DI:-l-II'lInL\RK \ tolal of I()~, pil'ce.. ulnint \\('re n:(tl\l'led hOIl1 thl' ... itl', Il1llllilll1g (\\() PII:lC..'S (6 go) ()Ibulnt llllwOIled ililll. [hI..' flint Wi.l~ wllc<:tc \lfllwd{)log), 1 hI..' dlwlacb \H'J(.' GHalogut'd Rau' lIIalenal (md ((mdlilOlI rllt.' IlUll lI'icd appears (0 be mo')lh gl" 1111' (I\,\I'mhiflKI' I he a,sl·lllblagl· <,ol1~i~t' of hoth hi oad flake, aud n,u 11m hladn, illdicl1ing minK side, Silica glo." !\ /)1\(/(.\\/011 I hc largc propOltion 01 Ihe ;'ls.,l'llIhlagt' \\<1., It.'«()\t'led 110m lIOn Age and ";-",o11 COl11l'\.1'i ,mel htl., tl' i l \ldIOi. 01'_ til. nOll.' i~. pp. J OO·h. i~J R, Jawhi .. , hl' \le,olithit· 01 SU"'t'''. in Pl. 1)lt·"I:(( (t'd.I, l,dUlrulo/.." III .)U\\t'.\ 10 If) I '5(}(i «.B,\ Rt"l',11 <. h Rq>. ~9. I ~17S). I h, iii I I .It'tll .It'mcn. FlIIII l im', fl/lfl/>/rwl ~r(IIJ/IlK. I//(Jdntlulrt'l II/ \lmU' "{.:I' l"dulIJ/o{0 (_\alhm l ni,. PIt·" J (Iq I I. f)~-:\. () :\. l () M. U ., ( If" (I P \ M. ... 1 l"l I I f. '\1 () M. f I ~t!1 '1IOIlJ.'('ld(' the T11Jml',", at !nle,' (SP 52; 04H).ii I he J,,"embldKt" uo,elf .lppears to repreM'1l1 .1 general .. pre.lCl 01 bad. ground .l(li\ it\ rather than .1 dlltllllCl (x('upation 01 \\ ork.ing area, TIl is !lite. a~ \\ Ith man\ \1('\olillllC sitc~. is III do'>(' proximil' 10 it riH·r.• 1Ilt! lefleufii the probable exploilalion of re.!.ollr(C<' in .. u(h JH'd\.7 Call1lo!!,,, \ .. t:lt"ltlun of Iht: \I(· ...olnhu . material is illu .. Udlt·ct (bg. 13,. 1 (.011InI635- \ l.tll· and t:dgt: reju\enauctll rrom..l bladt"wrl' \\lIh p1.ttlOlm abra~ion ~. 63li. 1 1m !ten .ued n.llt· hao; v. ell worn \el ratc..'d tl"t:'th along Ihe light hand \Ide and left e1i ... t,11 I he proximal left h.me! ""de exhihu\ \lighl abmpt hading relou(h. SIII(a glm\" \I~.ble ••Iong lhe distal right h.lIId 'ide I he di ... t.11 point ha~ also heen U'~ecl as an dhl and exhibit ..... oil me-\\t'al. J. In:\· 'Wrlilatcd blade. \\llh dorsal bl .. d(:' 1t"lllm.tI" I Uti - \ wrlllatl'd bl;.ldc..·. :l. I-i~li 'hurnt and brol..l·n microlith. Ii. 20.~, 'brokt'n IMHU\\ blade miuolilh, .. 111111.11 10 .!awhi .... ia~ • 2 5 6 o 5 elll 4 3 - ==--===-- Fil(. 15. Lilhin. ii R. lIolhtate. ' \ll'MIll1hic, 'eolilhic and LHlicr Bronn: \g(' St-ulem('1ll Patterns SoUlh-\\"t:~1 nrOxford'. ()'(m"rn~ItI.1i (19t-16). 14 7x Ibid. 10. 200.JOIIN l\IOORE £T AL . ~ ... ;..: .;'~ '. , •• ,;....:•• " ••C ... :,;;·;'::'· 2 5 . : .. '.' " .- 3 :.;.: 7 8 o COl 4 . '.', :..::', _.",;.:1' Fig,IIl ..-\n' ••= =:J.-===-~5 glo-Saxon 01,,,JCcts. () " I () R I) ~ ( I 1- "( .. "\ R " I I I I L t. 1\1 0 R to .ml " ; :. , ,. , , " " '.:.' ' ,'.' ,,...' . , . , ...,. .. •: i 9 ," ( 0 ( 2 ( ( " \' , , " , ., ,0 i ; ( 4 , . ',. '~. ( J o ~CI11 Fig. 17 \nglo-Sa\'oll oh i"( t\ ~()2 I () II "'" \1 () () R I' f. J \ I .\'(.LO·S.\XO:-" FI'DS I he "gnilic,tnt finds aTe .lIu"'lraled lin Fig.. I (j dnd 17 I (.nnlt'XI h:H. Incomplete bone Yoc.:a\lng comb. Icelh \'outo. \fax.mum hc.:iglll OIl (:nd 52 mOl., teelh 4:) 0101., t:nclllud.. nt" .. 2.5 mm., Ihid.ne.... intiudmg b,.IH·\ ~1,5 mill., bratc, 12 mill. hi!(h. 1 11'12, O;IOInm ... p1l1d1<: "hod made.: fmm wI dCl""1l Roman ""hae \\,m: ba<.e. DI.lIllt.'!cr :l5·3K mm_. 10 mill dlld•. holt, CIi.IOlt'ler 6 mOl :t 6211. U'lill11lt .. pindle "'hml ma I hl' lfIllciul(l1l 01 the ~k.elelOn (20:') i, \('1\ pOOl. lhl' hmw I~ ,-(,It ,lIld l!titblt, \en httll' of lIu: I)O'(.(.I \'\ I ~1 \1. BO,," I:. b\ CL\I RE. I 'J(,Rf \1 \ '1J.;IIIJi(ilill quanti" uf ,lIl11n 7~1 II "tl'l'jean",oll, The .\nimal HOI1("', ill "t 't·t"dhalll.md I Spt"II«(, (t"c"-l. Rllml)lIInll' 8ndF;t' Rl'ltar(h I.\uh'allfll/I. lillllml' 2. Ill'juII' (HId l)/1/1II1fI11I1 IIn( ,,, FUll /luml)I1l1'dl' (I ~mf)). I !H-2:U o:\. .. () R 1) ~ ( 1 t- '" (. I 1).\ R K. L. I I I It" 0 R t- ~U:, rcspnrmble \\as re(:orded. \Ieasuremelll'i \\ere taken IA SdXOIl I mal (. Sheep,goat 6 II~ "'heep 13 GO tin ,\. \'on den Oncs I \111 I , 110m P.\RI RIPRf't.' 1\11(>' ('''P) \\Il \II"\IL \I \L \lBERCH I\1l1\IDL \I.S 1\1'\1) Cattle Shc.:q> I'il{ 1101 \t' R(w: Rt."(1 J lan' (;oU'.e Domc:"u{ ( ,.mlt: ~heep gCMI d<'TI deer lo\\-I ·,ilCci ·.M/(."(t 110111 (1I1t0 ~ \l1Ill"1 "I-I(JIlI.lIll :1 ()(IIIII,1I (:olld,1<. :1 ~ 1' lc)l1lotl ~ :1 It'III!>OI,1I ~ '\,1,,11 ~ 1'll'III.1'\,I!.1 .; \1,1'\111 .1 :1 ~ \I.tndlhko 10 17 :, .; ~ I" (lui l ppl.:r IIlU!.(H l ppl'l 1'1 el1lolar III L pl>el mol.u 1:1 ~ :I 1.0\\(01 (.millt' ~ 1.lm (01 1Il('J"OI ~ :I 100\\ ('I PI('mobl i ~ :I 1.0\\('1 molal 1:1 !l :1 \11.1' \'\1\ ~(.lp111.1 2H 10 :1 IIUIlI('rlI' U IU h ~ 2 2 R.ldim III I~ :1 l 1n,1 !) h :I R'Hliu, &: Llna ~ COI.lulId ,'<.'h." 15 :, :I :1 Ft"1Il III \I \I ~ :1 1.1>t.I It) III H 7 I'.hul.. !) \'trag.tim :I ( .• tI( ,111("11' H ',1\ .(tll.11 *( uboid ( :u lI(.,.IOIIlI ~ 1.11 11;11 t' \I.lgnulIl ~ OXI-OR!) ~ (: J 1'. , ( I J)\J{h.. I I I I Lt.MORt-. !.!cr. L ntilonn <.Iphoid 2 \lel.:teal pal 5 H \ielal \lclapodlitl 6 ~ 9 l.aterall1l(-'tapodial !l I~I Phalanx II 2 2nd Phalanx 12 :ird Phalam. 4 (:el ,il.il \ en C.ludal \ CII . :1 2 rhorallc ven. G LUlllb'lI \ell. 6 Sacrum Rib 52 19 Skull II .g. 2 5 27 ·(x)lh frag. 7 2 3 Long bone frag. 85 32 \'encbret frag. 3 76 Rib Jr.lg. 279 117 IOlal -304 121 89 II 4 3 ··30 3 3 54! ISO q 24 !l 7 .\11 flilglllt'lll!i under 5O'K of a /One dnd mer I 1111ll. were counted and \\ here po!i~ible thc~ \\cre ilscTibed to lite relevant size categories and noted il~ either long bone, ,erlehrAI or skull frdgments. Those fragme1l!~ catcgoriM."ti il!i large mammal are pmbablv clcli\ed main!) from cattle and hone, similarly medium ~iled mamlllill fragment'i will be derhcd pi edomil1ilnd~ from sheep goal ;£lI1d pig. rhe minimum number oj elemenb (~t'l) ..... as calculated b~ addlllg together the most nUl11erou'j left .md light sided zone!) for e.l(.h c1emclH. Ihe ll1illllllum number of individual!. (\11\ I) \\;)S estimated as the highest '" E scol·e obtaint'cI from an e1emt'lll demed from one side of the I>«)(iv. \ \elected Suite of elements .... as lI"tcd to dilTerellli'llc betwecn sheep emel goat during recording at(()Jeiing to lht, methods of Boessneck,S7 Pa)'llCHM and Ro .... lc).Conwy.89 "I hc~c ..... ere the distal humerus, proximal radiu~. eli Hal ubia. met.apodiah. asu'.lg-dlus, calcaneus and deciduous fOllllh prernoial. A small numher 01 elell1ent~ .... cre positively idenuficd "IS go,,11 .md lherefore fOI' the pUlpOSC~ of Ihi~ report lhe remains of 0\ kapnds arc referred LO as ~hecp gmll. Frog ;lnd lOad were differentiated lIsing the ilium. Goose and ella k ha\'(, IX'('n a~~igncd to species on lhe b'l'iis of Silt· in compal"ison to refclcnc.t' ~p(.'('ill1em. H7 .J \. Boevmed.., 'OSleologi"i1 DlrrereIlU:~ between Sheep (OlH\ unt.' Linne) and Goat (Capra hlrrlh unn~)'. III O.K. Bl'Othwell and I:...S. IligK' Cl'd'i.}. Sn~"a III 4rrluU'(llogJ (1969), 331·5H. tiM ). Pa~ne. 'Morphological Di<;linc.tiom, bt'l~een the \1andibuhtr Teeth of Young Sheep, Otois. and go.ltS, (;flPra',JIII.~nhtll'ol. SCI. 12 (19H5), 139...-17. K!) P Ro .... le\·ColHn, 'The Animal Bones from Arene Candide', in ~"l'lir Cmuli.dt: 1I fil1lrlitmal {lTld Lm~m"Uflt"lll(d 'fH'.tHlIl'1l1 of the fi()locrne ,t.,'t'({W'II(1' (Memorie dell'ISlituto Italiano ell I'a!eolllologia umana. ",I. V. 1997), 153·277. :'Wh 1011' \I()()R~ 1- I \1 /)ata \ lowl 01 :U,9,; hagmc.'nts 01 animal bone wa\ 1C,'UIH:IC"d hum '>(" Caull' Lutle ;art: Ihe I1Iml nUlIlcrou\ spede~ ,KnmlillK 10 hOlh '\II~P ..tnd ~ I "' I "lth till' 1.lnt:r ~uggeslinK 111.t1 ill It'.I'1 II) IlIdi\iduilh .I I-l' Il·prt·.. ented (Iable 7), I Ill' 11li.lIIC!lhlt· i\ lhe 1110 .. 1 Illlmt'mU"- laltJt: element. mlll·t d('II... t" l'It'mt'l1IS .. lIlh ..... I()o\l' leeth ilnd maJO! limh hunl·.... tre .tl .. o f~lII h \\ell n:prt·.. ented .. ugge"ullg th..tl lilt' .t .... t·mbhtge hil~ bl'('11 bia'>Cd b~ den .. il" rd.u(·c1 /1IC .. l·I"\ !\HU M, (. \11 U\(.( \( (OKIl"(. 1() ~P I PIIYSI·\I. I-l"S IO, Fu .. (:d l nlll'>t'd (i: unfu\ed ;·10 monlh, Stapul.1 ~ ~ Pehi., ~ I SublOlal< I yr 4 3 43 12-1:1 lluulIh, Radin .. ,p I)-1M lIIonlh .. Phal.un II 7 :I I ~-~W m()lIlh~ Ilumerm,c! Ii 2U-21 IIlUlllh .. Phalom .... I II I Subtotal<2yrs 28 6 18 24-:\0 Illonth~ fibid,d ~ ~ \ l etal.u-p..t1 ., ~ 1 etat;""-,.11 ~ Subto ta l <3yrs 6 3 33 :Hi monlh, <' :a k.lllt·U .. I :\6·4 ~ month .. Femur.p :1 I ~·-tt-llllonlh ... (IUIlll'llI'I.p Radiu ... c1 2 Una,p FemUl,t\ ribia.p Subto tal <4yrs 5 10 66 O'\IORI) ... ( II, '( I· 1'\Rt.;. 11"T11"'10Rl- "2()7 I \HI f 9. SHFfI' \(,f \('('ORIlI't, 10 fPIPl1Y'>fYL FL'>IO' Fu"t"d L nlu .. cd q unfuo,cd :\-4 month, Humeru"l,d Radiu"l.p :1 :l month, S<.apul.l :1 Peh'i ... -:•• ; month, Ph.llan\. II 7·1f) month, Ph .. d,lIl\' I Subtotal < I yr 8 3 27 l,l'~'W l1lonth, I ibl;t,d 20·21 munLth MCla<.alpa] \klett.u',,,] Subtotal <2yrs 25 :16 Illonth .. C'lkanClI"I Subtotal <3yrs 36-42 mOltlh"l FCUlUl.p 42 month, IlurneJ'lI3.p Radim,d Llna,p fClllur.d Tibia,p Subtotal<3,5yrs 3 5 63 Shl'l'/}/J((KII Shet'p i.llid goal wei (. b(nh pl'cselll .tI1d of lhe J:; hClnc.', \\ hi<.h ,lllu\\t,t! ideillificalion I j belonged lei "Ihc<.·p; hO\'o('\cl fO! Ih<: purpo'\<.'''1 of this rcpon lhe) hale bcen glUuped IOgl,ther,l"I "Iheep'go.ll (I.tble 7). )hl't'p'gO.at .tn' <11"1() be... t rcpll"t:ntl'c! b\ the ilia mil hit' .md 1ll.1Jm IlInb bonc\ indudlllg llletap Pl{~ Pig 'lIl' prc3C1lI III onh ~light" smallc.·1 lIumbt'n th.tIl ... he(·p Ko,lI \\lIh ,I IllllllmUIll of fi>ur IIldi\ldu.tl ... ICPI('\l'IlICd, Limb IX)fI('\ .lIe beuelleplcsenlcd than lIIandibles bUI t'lt'mClll3 (i'om I \8U. IU. 1,1 1\\\1 111.\(.E 01 (;\rJll 1.\111 I. II. 1.\ 11\\\ IlU ,\GUll' '>HIII' GO \1 \('(Ol{lll 'f. I () roOTHIIUR \('(.ORIlI'G 10 I ()() I Hili \R I' I \11 ~I~ \1:1 btilllatcd .\gc..' 1'·1 \t1 \12 \13 hlimalcd \gc..' (I) I (g) (k) ~ 13-26 month .. 6·121110nlh .. Ik) ~ 1:1-26 mOlllh .. Ihl 6·12 I1HHUh .. (k) J ~ h 26-$611101Ith, (» 6·12 month .. (kl 26-:~6 m01l1 h, I. e k ~ 3-fi \car .. h 2-3 year .. k 3-6 ,cal~ 2.:3 'Cdl'> k k 6·$ \-cal' b k k 6-M \cat., h 2·3 ,cal' ~ k 6-H ,e.\! \ b III 6-M \ C'II-!o, l fi-~ \ car., e 3-t \e.ll" /l0I.\t> \ fl'" fri.lKllll'llI~ of hOI *, rl'prc~nllng ;t 1l1l1ll1l1U1I1 of IInl' IIldi\l(\U,11 \\('1(' I('lmcrcd. h"Rllll'nr .. hOIll Iht' m,lndible were thl' I11ml 11UIIlCIom and \\ith thl' l"xception of.1 10\\(~1 111(1"01 .mel .1 Illt'l L\UU. 12 '" IOl!\C~. 01· I \l'lIo'\o~n (tl l ,\IF..,.., OIIU R\\"ISF INIJI( \I I'.!) (;ll,l\\t:d Hlltlilc..'rc<1 Ilut lit Cuml Ro(-Ic..-ut (:ut Chopped Bmh (. '-IhCt,p K(M! -; ( ... llllc·,,/(,d q() 1.c..'\IIH.', up. c..it (WIt.' H:l. O'IORD "'(.I"'CI "\Rh., 1IIIII-\fORt' 1()1I Ifl/d amlllnl\ \ ft" Iragmenl\ of red and rot dCt'r "cre I f:tu\ert:d \o\llh ICJC: dt,t'r 1X:1Il1( rtpn: .. t·Ilt<'d In a -.caputa. rctdlw.. and Ilbid. red deer b, .lnller. ,ilpula and tibld. nit' rem.llm of.1t le.I" l\\u han: indllding a palli~ll .. kdclon \\t'IC n.·(:O\t:red Innn d sunken featured building ( Iitble 7). In .ulditiulI, tilt: m,andible (If a jU\'enik \((),lI.md "e\cldl .lIl1phibictll bone .. , \o\hieh Induded both hog ami (o.ld. \\('n.' I('(mered but drl' unlileh to haH' an amhropog{'ni( origin (fablc 6), rht' pi 0\.1 mal radiu .. , d"tal scapula dnd tibia Ix'loI1KIIl~ to 1Oe.' dt:er .tli pc.) .. <;e .. ~d fU'tt.'(t t:plpll\"t· ... Illdl(allllg lh.1I the\ .... ere nOI from \el \ \Hung animal .. '0 e\ldel1ll' lUI Ihe aKIo: 01 red deel \0\.1. ...I\.uhlhle.· \11 lhe hare re1ll311l .. belonged lO "lClu lt .1nI01 \1 !l'a"l one W}t).,t'. dOme~tll flnd and pheilsillH \"en' 1'1(· .. l·l1I. Coml' \\.ol~ ICple!l{' IIICd by a UlIo.llUld, pel\'i~ and "biOI .... hi!..l dorne'llic: fowl bones bel(ll1~l'd 10 JU"I lilt' fure limh. I'hea .... t1l1 "' ..... Icprt'sentcd In a ('()(.uoid (Iable 71- I hcre w&!\ nUlhmg lO su~ge.)t that am uf the blnh \\l're.· immaHlle. Jlle Huh ('\lclelllc of 1'1J)hoIl0I11\ \\.1 ... \('('11 on lhe pl'hh belonging' 10 goo'le .... hi(h h Contnl\ 1 he maJorin HoItN) uflhe identifiable bune frdgmenl\ t,jn1e from eight (CIIlte,"h (12.:;,126. t:i5,IK2. 1~7. 621. fi:~1 & 6:l~), .111 fill\ of the sun Len fealliled building" (~fBs). ''Illnlt'll featured bllildill~ :1 (Context 11'121 pi odllced the: I.argc"l single coOl..entralion. rile gl (lUP 1.. 1.1111, I ('prc\('ntati\e ollhe &! ... ~mblage ,I~ .1 "hole'" IIh Il'~al(tto the llIajor domesticales. 1I00·\c\cr, 19 bOlle, hc:longe:d In the partial .. keletOll of.1 h,)I'e alld Iht' n:maining II hart' b()ne~ wcre all found h('l(' 1101 st'. I ()(' deer. red deer, goose and the pmb,lble ~tading .. I.. u lJ.rIle: lrom tim (Olllext Ihe fill (6:!1) of srn 11 also produced a I.trge qualllit, Clf .mirnal bone IIlduding m.un (cttt1t:'·~i/(~d fr.lgmellls \\ hit h could nOI be identified hl1lher due to lheir fragment.ln condition caused during exca\ \leaHlremellI obt.tined from one hOI)4.: .1Ild numcmu~ callie and ~he(·p/go.H bOIl(,~ are gin'n in the arehi\t· \\'hl're pO"'\lbk' (Ompan'iHlh hale been 111.1clc ,""I(h tlw'K.· held on the.' \nim.11 Bone \Ietrical .\nhi\e' P("(~t"(t ill Ihe Centre lUI Ifuman f.«)lo~p .md Fmlnlllmeni. In gl'ncrdlth(' hones from Oxford Science I)arl al't.· of .1 "lInil.1I silt' 10 Ihost' It'COll'rcd from other l'ar!) I1lt·di(·\al Mtes. Onl\ nile falls outside the range. a Glult' hUll1enl.,. which IS larger than tho'tC prnioush I!lund 011 wlltt'mporary .. itc,>. and lila) Il'pre,ent ,In eMe.·plionall) 1.1I'ge bull I"lltlwlog)' f !,\'f) GillIe I ~I plli.t1anges ..... Ilh periartiC:lIlM eXO!llml' .II'Ullnd lh{' pi oximal 1.\1\11 I:l. CO'dlXISCO'd\IXI:-'GSIG\III( \'1 CO:-'U:-'I R.HIO S(H \'\1\1\1 IlO f h:,HUI (: ______=='--- SFBI ___ =-"-~Sf B 2 SHI :1 ~nl I SfB Ii SI B 9 Sill H (:1 1111(: \.l I:!:l 126 155 1M2 IXi 622 6:14 6:\X 14 :1 I II Il7 :!2 65 16 :!u Shl'ep:~(lill 2 II ~2 16 7 2 JI) IfI I'ig Ii 17 1,:"1 'I I II 1101"'(· 2 2 2 Ro(: del'l :1 Rt.·d cll'l'l 2 11,11(' :10 (;00"'(' 2 l)o11ll'''li( 1(",,1 2 ~~talllll~ Hlld III L llull'llltfll'cI 6:) 137 10:1 :\6:~ 114 :11 91 101.11 1:12 2H2 26M iii I 'Ill 270 17X 1)1\( /1"'011 I hl' pi t:'d(ll1linanfl' of (i!tlle in III \..1 L.('g~('. I hl' \~licuhUlal hOIlOIll\', III R. \1,,:1<.1.'1, (,/71111"1 (~/fl;·I'\. Xm/olk FUlwrtl/fll/\ /4il·72 (19Iii), 7~)-IO:l l)~ I Clutlnn·Bro( k. 1hl' \111111011 Rt.· ... OllIH· .... III I> \1 \\ II,nn ((.' \tlea ... t 011<: ,ulull h(}r~e "'<1\ pre~em and IIml l'i lileh to hine Ix.--en lq>L for tran",)or! ,md lIilliion I hefe i\ no ('\Id(;nc:e 10 su~g~1 thal hor... emcLlt ",.LS e.tlCo'n .thhough Ihe ple... cnce of a "OIled m.mdiblt: and .1 burnt fr.lgmenl .,uggellh that hor-;e... m." ha\t' IX'en ulili't'd a ... d re... ource after tltt'\ hitd rt:at!wd the ('nel of their "OIllllg lile:_ I he pre~n(t.· 01 dog... i., am,.,tl'c! b\ KIM'" mad.. lI \ i"lblc.' 011 ,I .,ignifil.lI1t Piop0l1ion of the i.,., .. emblage although 1h(,11 lemain ...In' ilh\CIlI. Wild animal., did not mLlle a 'ilgnificant cOlllribulion 10 the (.'(mlnlJ/)f)rary \llf' rhe \lIe~ of Melboume Stl eel and Chapel Road 111 flamwl( (S.lxon SOlllhalllpton) Ita\ l' het"n CXC;.H.H(,d and ha\e produled large a .. ~mblage!t of animal bone th.1l formed Ihl' 'Iubjt.'Ct of 11j .I- f ,( HIJurcltlloll. '_\llIl1lab ill an lrl),lll hl\1I0llnll'III, \\llh 'p('(;ialll'icrenlc to the 1.IUII,tI n~m;UII'" hom ),IXOn SouthiJllIPlOll' (Lni\. of South.llnpwlI unpubl !\IPhd thesis. 1993). IJI .I- Hourdilloll, ' \!limal Hone Irom Saxoll Soulhamptun: thl' SIX Di.lI, \.tri.lbilin Slut'" (unpubl.-\\l1 Rep_ IlXO 19X I); \nllllal Bonc fmlll Further Cuntexls un fo.,llt' ..,Ol 169: \a,nn Southamptnn· (, \1\11 Rep nXI HHH)" q~ P Crabtlt,t", 1It'\1 .\Iuu: f.nr(l hIK[o'.\Il\IUI "wlIlJ/lbn/NulIlT") n. \ngl, \nhaeol. Rep. Ii )!l9(}). \ lluxtU'l' 01 inllllalUU: <.Ind ddulL (.IUIt: "<1:"1 <110,(' I t'llnt'lt'd hum lilt: middle to talc.: ~dxon nll.I1 'll~ 01 \\'ril\.,hlll\. nt'l k,hire~H) ""hefl't,luk" hen." .Igam Lqlllll l.ul{cl" lltllllber:"l than sh('ep goar dt.:'piu,' Ihl" t."\ldt'lllt." '01 \\Oul plOduuion, Callie \,cre I1UI11Cllf,llh '"}~t'ri()r in the CH \RRED I'L\'milll'd 1m .tS\l'''lllt·nl \ lotal of ~n IInl' h,l\ t' Ix:cn eXLImilll'o F.ath flol \,'.1' ,< .1I1I1('d lIndl'r d hint)( 111.11 IIIll1ll\(Ojll' .lIld .111\ (h.lIl('cI planl l(,lll"ins 1l00l'c! \\cre pi 0\ "ion.tlh Idt'Ollfil'd ,mel l",llllineci and ,Ill applo,ilnaliol1 01 .. hund,lIul' \\i" 1ll,lde, Charcu,,1 Ir,IRllIl'l\lS \'>('1(' f, .. tlllli:e1 ,mel t·'X.11I1iIWd III 11.1Il\\"CI"'C ,,,,,('tinll. ,,·hilt, Ihi~ i .. ,II' ,Ipplnp' i.lIl' n1l'lIw(\ lUI lhl' Idl'nlliitillioll 01 the' nil).!; portH" 1.I'iI ( :ollH.-"1 111 107 I')~•• > 1:')3 1 ,~13 I:\~ 1M2 IH2 1~7 Ddll' \S \S ,\'> \S \S \S \'olumc (litre:s) 10 "III 12 III II) "7 10 10 1<1 IIl1n/l'lun 11l/~tIIt narle,. hulled gl..tlll 2 2 Ihllt 11111 'p. \\'hl'at gl..lin Cell'aha illckl gram 2 Con'hl\ (Jj'l'lI(f//IJ IIMei nul .. hell Ilag. % .I.P <:11\. I hl' .\nim,,1 BOlll" hom \\I,,,\IHI1\, Bl·,J..,hllt,' (lI llp"bl, \\Il. Rep, 20/Hi). Iii 1]1 em. I hl' \nimal HUIlt", hom the\llbol' Wllltit\O\lIglo-Sa'Xol1 Settlement'. III I' Fash.lm .11111 R "hllliln (l,d,.). lu/ltIt'flillg... (llIfllllt\l, (11.1111' held (:Iub "'Iullog'dph ;. \991), liO,;, II.~ J P (.0\. I hl' \nimal BOlle'·. '11.1 11",101111 , \ \liddll· 'c,,'f)n lIOn 'lllehil1~ Sill' al R.umbtll \, Wilt,llIH', \ll'dll'lVlI Iniulf'ol. 2·1 (1!ISIlI. II-'ll OXFORD ... (.~ '( ~ P\RK. LIT1. lo.\IORI- 21:S H.,.,,,II, I h(' m.1JUnl\ uf I1nt~ \\1.:1(: ~mall illld produted ",nd, mcwll" n IO()~, oll.t~l()n.,,1 \\(Jnn c.tp ul('~ and nnh ulC,a"lollallllcil'lnminah: Irdgll1ent~ of (hal'(:o,t1 Ch,lIl(:d gr.lill \\.t~ PI("t(:1H III H ~alllple'l, ~h()\\n abcl\e m lahl(· 1-1 . (.I.un idenufied lIu:.luded hulled Homrru" ;."l!{arr fh.tll(·\), .... nh nile !)O .... ibl(' fr(-e-Ihrc:,hmg I"/Icum !tp. (\\heal) gr.tlil m s.amplt' ! iO (eOllte:\.1 1~21 . 'n nfll prodult'cf more Ihan fi~c graHl'" In addition a Iragmelll 01 (orybLI 11.,./lana (h.l/d) nut POLU." b) ADRIA" ( •. PARKER \ \t'dnm:nt lIlullolilh (.'oluilln ()XSI) H~) XfH, HOO ,mel .. ample ()\.~p ~I ~I):', HOI from Ihl' bOUClIlI 01 a Ile(' IllICm ht)ll' \\l'll' "Iubmilll'cI r()r pollen I hl' ll'~uh .. 1!'OIlI Ihe poll('n '~I \.I~ Hnllll). 'A \l('lhod of Delennllilng Ab~(lhlte Pollell I· I e(llieneie~ III Lale Scdiml'Ill~', ,'ro' 1'11.'10/01.'1\1. 71 (1 !li2). 39~\·4()!;. IIKI 1.. (. (.M n3r, ~ Burden and J .1 1 \kAndrc\\"I, 'An lu(':\.p('mi\t' "ile\ ing \ll.'lhod lor COn«"nll.lIl1lg I'ullt'll and Spme\ lrom Fin('-gl ained S<:dimelm'. Cmmdum J,l/. (If Fflrth .\nnllf'\, 16 (19i9). IIIS·20. 101 S, I h. \nderscn, '111e Identifici.ltion of Wild (;r"l\~e~ .In I\BU· 13. 0\...,1' ~'~I H(n. HOI 1'01 U' IU"'Il '-Pi ',l Trees and shrubs Jil'fulfl lIulud/ll}:, R.nmw 6.9 /JII1 // 1 :1.0 Q,lIrrrl/l 0.3 l11111l.1 0.7 limo n.5 \(lih H 2.0 0.2 ./lHupt'nll 0.:> Herbs (.)amine.lt' :11 7 C'I}('rau:ae 119 :!~I ..l ChC.'110podltcac 1.0 ( .anopll\ lIan',Il' O.. } l mbdlift'lilc I:! :1.0 Fihpfllllllill I :t~l Potfllltllfl 0.7 (;OIllPO,"Hl' I.lguli 1]00,Il' 1.2 I r/I'lnll/tl 2.0 Ifurnum 0,3 Ilt'lullltIU'/lfIlJl/ n.:! Spores Fililale't II. :J \dll,:mlllln 1.0 1Otol 101 Trees and Shrubs II :Hi Herbs :\ II) HI 16 Spores 19 O"ORDc.,CI ...... CI 1'\R .... . LIIILf-'\IORI' :!I~. DI-\(ll\I/01I Ihe l!CC-lhro\\ -.ample QX,">P 9<) 03. sOl lOIlWllleu d nOld C.hdl.IClelL!Jed b\ tundra ""Ih open H::gt'lallon and po\\loh "Mluered birch tree, III ",hehered plalle .. , Pollen of Bdula IIlcJudll1g B, IIGrll1 .1I1e1 Salt, \\erc: encountered. 8f/"la mUla 1:0. a wHim-polar ,lrHI<:-allplIle plant. and apart from oJ It.'iltl p()j>ulallon In Lpper · Iee~ale . I., no'" reslllucd III the Ihlll .. h 1",les 10 northern Scntland.lO:i Polkn of Anru·na \\al\ al"lf) icit:nlified, TIm genu .. is .II pi (· ... C:1ll re... llll led 10 coa'!ltai and mOUIll.lInOll'i lo(aliut" .. Inll dUll1lK the Oc\cml 10:-4 II God", Ill, J1I,lory of th, Jj nll h flora: a hu"/.(II 8(111\ 1m JJh.lt()Ktfll!;Japh.l (1973). 1111 Ibid. IWI \.C, P31i..CI , ' 1.,liC Qualelll.ln r.mironmcnlOII Changc III thl' L pper ('hallles B,I'III. (:eI11ri" SOlllht"1l l'~ngl,lI11r (l ni\, of Ox lord unpubl. O.Plul, lhesi,. (~1~15). 11141 S.I h. Ancll·'· ... ell, The Rel.lliH· 1'0l1en l)nxllllu\H~ ,mel J>ollt,,, Repn:~enla lion 01 'mill lliroPC.1Il Ir('e.,. ,md cOI"r("("liCln (,Ionrs for Irt"t" Ix)lIen 'PCttI,,·. J'Xm",mk\ (;,./lIOKlIlr, ("tidy" Rfl'1tM II 9f; (1970), I-mI. 1117 JR. \. (.n'it(, ' P,lSI and PreM."nt LlIllC \\"ood .. of Europc'. III \1. Bdl,lIId S. Limlnc\ (ed .... ). Irdwt'o/IIK,wl.-hprct\ Ilf HiJOdlmul f .c/J/"K!· (B.\R Inl. ScI'. 116, J!JN~ ). 23-5.""1. IUK J ~D. \Ioort, ,wei .\. Will 11101 , 'Plchiswlit FOIC!>I CiC lilt' (hfm d Sf. It'I1<.(.' PiH k dJ.lgl.UIl \\ c)uld ,lppe.11 10 tOI rl'iilU: \\ Ilh IClnc \t I 4 110111 Iw'll'b~' "lilt hen htl III \\ h,c h I epl C'i<"lllt'd Ihe maJO! pha ... e of woodland (1t' DIS( l SSIO" lhl' 'till' lies on bOlh ,ide... of lil(" I.illiemon' BrooJ.... Ihe \t"HeliHion during the Den'n\ian al ( ~O()() H( hen.: \\,1, lharatl(:ri'ted In IUllllla "ilh open \f,.'gl'latioll (gra't,land "ith a "P 11.·1-7n. III 1\111..1:1, oJ>. lit. nOle 1ni II:! lIoJlo\" Small quantities of Iron Age pOUcr) indicating aCLivil) of some form are known and have been published from the east side of Oxford at the Rover Plant site l H and the Oxford United ~ew Stadium c. 800 m. LO the east of the Oxford Science Park. 1I 5 Larger settlement sites in the area are known at Blackbit'd Leys some 1.75 I..m. to the east, I 16 from White House Road, Oxford Iii and frorn the L niversit) Science Area.ll~ \\'hether the south side of the \'alle) was lIsed for Roman agriculture is not known. \Vhile sherds of this dale were found in the plough mils the) may hayc originated from the Anglo Saxon 'colleCLion policy'. The pouery rna) have been brought onto th~ site from the nearby produClion sites at the Oxford United New Stadium (800 m. away) or from Fry's Hill (1.5 km. to 'he east), both part of the Sandford/Blackbird Leys production complex. One possible use for CLlt down pot bases within a sunken featured building could be as supports for furniture in order to stop them from sinking into the floor (something that would ha\"e been necessary on this site with the sand bases of the features). No evidence for this type of use was fonhcoming from this site although the idea did not occur until after excavation had ceased. The Saxon settlement was sited on the less steep south side of the \"ctlJcy just below the crest. Here the geology is sand that allowed the easier excctvation of the sunken featured buildings and the presumed post-built buildings. The top of the valle) !'ide and land beyond was formed by limestone. The settiemem stretches over a distance of 265 111. and could extend further in both directions. No archaeological work was undertaken during developmclll of the land of the Science Park immediately to the east of thc excavation area. The width of valley side covered by the buildings is at least 45 m. increasing to 80-110 m. if the possible SFBs II and 12 are included. The dating or 'he perched pea, to at least the Roman period and more likely 1O the Saxon period suggests that the settlement was sited right by the stream edge which was likely to ha\'e been wide and slow flowing as indicated b)' the depth of peat build-up. The edge ol'the peat was only 20 m. from the probable SFB 11. The area likel) to haye been covered b) the settlement over the known 265 m. distance along the valley. and between the edge of the stream and the limestone area amOllnts to c. 2.25 ha. The area occupied by buildings at the Saxon settlement of Barrow Hills is a similar size although 45 SrBs and 22 post-built structures were found there.I:?1 While only 12 probable SFBs were found at the Science Park olhers may ha\"e existed and ha\·c subsequently been ploughed oul. The relati\"ely large nlllnber of Roman sherds found in pan of evaluaLion Trench 3 (probable SFB 12) towards the western side of the site and ncar to where the edge of the stream would have been suggesL~ this possibility. Five of the SFBs exca\'ated were only 300 mm. or less deep indicating that considerable truncation has occurred. In addition no evidence for timber framed buildings survived. Undoubtedly these would have been present but again later ploughing has remo\ed all evidence for the post-holes. III Kee\ill and Durden, op.cil. note 27. 115 R.P'S. Clomton. 'An Archaeological baluation at the Oxford Cnited Football Club Stadium, ~Iinchery Fann' (unpubl. repon 1996). 116 Q.\U repon, 01'. cil. note 6. 117 t'-ludd. op. cit. note 29. 118 Parkinson et al.. op. cit. nOle 16. 119 CIOUSLOIl, op. cil. note 117. 120 'Windale Finl School and :'Jurscl). Blackbird Leys. Oxford: Archaeological Watching Brief' (o.\L unpuh!. repon, 1995). 21H IOII;.J MOORI' F I AI \'Vhat was this seulernent? \\'as it a village 0'" a farmstead? The occupation appears to be during the 6th century and perhaps into the early 7th century. The length of duration of a SFB has been estimated at 20-23 years or slightly longer on well-drained soils such as at the Science P':lrk.ln On this basis then over a 75-100 year occupation on average only 3-5 SFBs would have been standing at any time given the 10 excavated SFBs and the other probable two. Even if others had been ploughed out the total at anyone time would ha\·e been low. The first Anglo-Saxon settlement to be recognised as such and excavated under relatively controlled circllmstances \\'as at Sutton Courtenay by Leeds l23 where there were both SFBs and post built structures, the laner interpreted as sheds. Since then excavations of many Olher settlements haye S110\\"I1 that in most cases SFBs are accompanied by more substantial timber post built 'halls', The most extensivel)- excavated settlement is that at Mucking (Essex) \\ hich appears to have been typical of the majority of 5th-7th century settlements, at least in southern and eastern England. This has a loosely structural layout and shifting occupati on. 12.1 Broadly comparable Oxfordshire settlements haye been excavated at Barro\\ Hills, Radley.t25 New vVintles Farm near Eynsham l2fi and at Sutton Courtena}']~7 where probably more post buill structures were preselll th an were recognised during the excayation within a working quarry. These settlements were loosely structured without clear focal points 01" edges, with relati\-e1y little variation in size of' buildings and no obviolls 'central' or main building. 128 The majority of cemeteq and settlement sites in Oxfordshire in the earl) Saxon period h.we been found on the lighter soils. Blair argues that this is duc to the lower population than the preceding centuries and that life was sim ilar to th at in the Bronze Age where arable may have been a minor, shifting element in a primarily pastorallandscape. 129 The landscape here probably would have been scrub and woodland along the edge of the Littlemore Brook thar. would appear to be wide and slow flowing; more marsh-like than a stream. Pasture ma} have been present on the crest of the valle) slope and beyond with further areas of woodland. The woodland and scrub would have been ideal for cattle. The main li vestock kept at this settl ement was cattle mostly slaughtered as adults, suggesting that lIlost of the beef eaten came from cattle that ",,·ere J-.ept primaril, for their secondar}· products; milk, breeding stock, traction, manure, leather, Some were slaughtered at the age of two and three years when they would have provided prime beef. There is no e\'idence for the slaughter of calves so it is probable that the} were used for trade in order that cows could produce milk for consllmption. Ingrem above argues that the) rna) have been exchanged for sheep that were slaughtered at the age of one and three years. There is no cvidence for a wool surplus being generated for trade. However \vool was being used on the site as the weaving comb and spindle whorls show. Pigs were kept on the site; again the scrub and woodland would have been ideal for t.hem. 121 Chambcl\ and McAdam, op. (iL nOll' 10 122 I\\. Wc\eh,lllg/o.Sa.\oll l~lIgl(flld (1992),30. 12~ I.e.:l. Lt'ed~. '1\ Saxon Village Ilcal SUlIOIl C(Jmll'n(l~, Bel k~.'. Al"(lu(f%[!i{/' Ixxiii (1923), 1·16·92: 1-.1. Let'ds, ·A Saxon Village near SUllon Courtena" Berks. (2nd Repon)',lrrluuo[ogin.lxx,·i (1927). j9·HO: LT. Leeds, '.\ Saxon Village neCiI ~)lllton COllnena)". Berb. (:hd Repon), . . lrr/ulf'%gio. xcii (19'17), i9-9:t t2·1 II. Ilal11('I"O\\. ·Anglo.Saxon OxlordshilC, 100-700'. 0\11111('1111(1. h.i\ (1999),29. 12;) Ch . \CKNOWLEDGEMD.TS Magdalen Dc\'C!opmenls to whom thanks are owed for lheil help during the course of the project funded the work. The archaeological work was directed b) the author ,\ho would like to acknO\\ ledge the dedication and el1lhusia~m of the team, llalllel; Stephen Applcb}. ~Iichelle C'I 111 pbell , Vick) Carmichael, Dawn Casey, Tom Dav ies, Neil Robinson, Emma Sanderson, Ian Smith, Simon Sworn, Gerry 'I'hacker and Rachel Trclt. Thanks are also owed to the specialist contribulOrs. Figs. 1-3 were undertaken b) the Oxford Archaeological Lnit. I rnogen Grundon prep<:lred the illustrations ror Figs. 9-15. Thanks also are due to Brian Durham of the Oxford Archaeological Advisol'} Sen ice on behalf of Oxford Cit) COllncil , .. ho monitored the work, offered support during the fieldwork \tages and \\o'ho read the draft report and orrered constructhe comments. Lasth thanks lO thc dc\eJopment project team lh~lI provided the c1o'ic support and co-operation needed to taln out the \\ork while de\'elopment \\orks were on going. P.J. Carey (Contractors) Ltd carried out the de\'elopment work prcn'iding the full support necess::II-)' fOI LIS to COmp ll'l t: the \\'ork successfull).