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Canadian Wildland Fire Glossary

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Canadian Wildland Fire Glossary Canadian Wildland Fire Glossary CIFFC Training Working Group December 10, 2020 i Preface The Canadian Wildland Fire Glossary provides the wildland A user's guide has been developed to provide guidance on fire community a single source for accurate and consistent the development and review of glossary entries. Within wildland fire and incident management terminology used this guide, users, working groups and committees can find by CIFFC and its' member agencies. instructions on the glossary process; tips for viewing the Consistent use of terminology promotes the efficient glossary on the CIFFC website; guidance for working groups sharing of information, facilitates analysis of data from and committees assigned ownership of glossary terms, disparate sources, improves data integrity, and maximizes including how to request, develop, and revise a glossary the use of shared resources. The glossary is not entry; technical requirements for complete glossary entries; intended to be an exhaustive list of all terms used and a list of contacts for support. by Provincial/Territorial and Federal fire management More specifically, this version reflects numerous additions, agencies. Most terms only have one definition. However, deletions, and edits after careful review from CIFFC agency in some cases a term may be used in differing contexts by staff and CIFFC Working Group members. New features various business areas so multiple definitions are warranted. include an improved font for readability and copying to word processors. Many Incident Command System The glossary takes a significant turn with this 2020 edition Unit Leader positions were added, as were numerous as it will now be updated annually to better reflect the mnemonics. Definitions from the Field Guide tothe evolution of the terms. In addition, it will be produced in Canadian Fire Behaviour Prediction System (Red Book) three languages (French, English, Spanish) including their 3rd Edition have been aligned and simplified wherever correspondence tables. possible. ii Index Aboriginal In Canada, the term flows from Canada's Agency Dispatch The agency or jurisdictional facility from Constitution of 1982, which includes North which resources are sent to incidents. American First Nations, Inuit, and M´etispeoples Airtanker A fixed wing aircraft fitted with tanks and of Canada. equipment for dropping suppressants or retardants Abort To cancel an intended maneuver. on fires. They are divided into two categories, Accuracy - air drop The assessment of an airtanker drop land-based and skimmer. in relation to the target. Airtanker Base An operational base at which airtankers Aerial Ignition Device (AID) Any device used for the are held in readiness for action on fires. purpose of aerial ignition. Air Temperature See Dry-bulb temperature. Aerial Ignition The ignition of fuels by dropping incendiary Air Tactical Group Supervisor (ATGS) The person devices or materials from an aircraft. primarily responsible for the coordination of all Aerial Detection Observer A person specifically assigned tactical missions of fixed and/or rotary-wing to the detection of forest fires from an aircraft. aircraft operating in incident airspace. The Aerial Detection A system for or the act of discovering, function may be performed in an aerial platform locating, and reporting wildfires from aircraft. or ground based. May be planned or unplanned. Air Support Group Supervisor (ASGS) The person After Action Review (AAR) A structured review or de- responsible for planning and oversight of incident brief process of an event, focused on performance aircraft support functions (helibase, helispot and standards, that enables participants to discover Fixed Wing Air Bases). for themselves what happened, why it happened, Air Operations Branch Director (AOBD) The person and how to sustain strengths and improve on primarily responsible for managing the resources weaknesses. After action reviews, informal or within the air operations branch, as well as formal, follow the same general format, involve preparing and implementing the air operations the exchange of ideas and observations, and focus portion of the Incident Action Plan. Also on improving performance. responsible for providing logistical support to Agency A division of government with a specific function helicopters operating on the incident. offering a particular kind of assistance. In Air Mass A meteorological term referring to an extensive the Incident Command System, agencies are body of air within which the conditions of defined either as jurisdictional (having statutory temperature and moisture in a horizontal plane responsibility for incident management) or as are essentially uniform. assisting or cooperating (providing resources or Air Cargo All items for transport and delivery by aircraft. other assistance). Governmental organizations are Air Attack Officer (AAON) The person responsible most often in charge of an incident, though in for directing, coordinating, and supervising a fire certain circumstances private-sector organizations suppression operation involving the use of aircraft may be included. Additionally, nongovernmental to deliver retardants or suppressants on a fire. organizations may be included to provide support. Air Attack A fire suppression operation involving the use Agency Representative (AREP) A person assigned by of aircraft to deliver fire fighting suppressants or a primary, assisting, or cooperating agency to an retardants to a wildfire. incident who has been delegated authority to make Alert A period when fire fighters, fire control equipment, decisions affecting that agency's participation at and aircraft are kept ready for deployment on short the incident. notice, usually when the fire danger reaches a Agency Executive or Administrator The official predetermined degree of severity. responsible for administering policy for an All-hazard / All-risk Describing an incident, natural or agency or jurisdiction, having full authority for human caused, that warrants action to protect administering policy for an agency or jurisdiction, life, property, environment, and public health or having full authority for making decisions, safety, and minimize disruption of government, and providing direction to the management social, and economic activities. organization for an incident. Allocated Resources Resources dispatched to an incident. 1 Allowable Burned Area A standard or objective of Action Plan. protection effort set for an area of managed forest Assistant Title for subordinates of the principal or other land. The maximum average annual area Command Staff positions. The title indicates a burned by wildfire over a given period of years that level of technical capability, qualifications, and can be tolerated and sustained for a given area responsibility subordinate to the primary positions. without disrupting overall forest management and Assistants may also be assigned to Unit Leaders. other land use objectives. Assistant Area Commander, Logistics (ACLC) The Anchor Point An advantageous location, usually a barrier person responsible for providing facilities, services to fire spread, from which to start or finish and material at the Area Command level, and construction of a control line. Used to minimize for ensuring effective use of critical resources and the chance of being flanked (or outflanked) by the supplies among the incident management teams. fire while the line is being constructed See LACES. Assisting Agency An agency or organization providing Anemometer A general name for instruments designed to personnel, services, or other resources to the measure wind speed and direction. agency with direct responsibility for incident Anticyclone In meteorology, an area where the management. atmospheric pressure is high relative to the Atmospheric Stability A meteorological term referring to surrounding area at the same levels and whose the resistance of the atmosphere to turbulence centre has the highest pressure. Synonym - High and vertical motion (upward). With reference pressure. to fire management activities the atmosphere is Area Commander (ACDR) The person responsible to usually described as neutral, stable, or unstable manage a very large incident that has multiple with respect to the dry adiabatic lapse rate. IMTs assigned. These teams may be established Atmospheric Pressure The gravitational force exerted any time the incidents are close enough that by a column of air extending from the point of oversight direction is required. concern to the outer limits of the atmosphere. Area Command (AC) An organization established to Recommended unit is the kilopascal (kPa), oversee the management of multiple incidents although millibar (mb) has been the most common that are each being handled by a separate unit of measurement. Incident Command System organization, or to Attack The actual physical fire fighting operation. oversee the management of a very large or Available Resources Resources assigned to an incident evolving incident that has multiple incident that are checked in and available for a mission management teams engaged. An Agency assignment; normally located in a Staging Area. Executive/Administrator or other public official Available Fuel The quantity of fuel in a particular fuel type with jurisdictional responsibility for the incident that would actually be consumed under specified usually makes the decision to establish an Area burning conditions. Command. An Area Command is activated only Back See Rear of Fire. if necessary, depending
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