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Punk Als Subkultur Und Musikgenre Masterarbeit

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Punk Als Subkultur Und Musikgenre Masterarbeit Clarissa Shannon Berner Punk als Subkultur und Musikgenre – Ein Vergleich zwischen der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Masterarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Master of Arts der Studienrichtung Soziologie an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Dr. phil. Stephan Moebius Institut: Institut für Soziologie Graz, Mai 2021 PUNK IS ABOUT BEING AN INDIVIDUAL AND GOING AGAINST THE GRAIN AND STANDING UP AND SAYING “THIS IS WHO I AM”. - JOEY RAMONE 2 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung....................................................................................................................................8 2. Die Deutsche Demokratische Republik ....................................................................................9 2.1. Die Vorgeschichte der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik ..........................................10 2.1.1. Die Entnazifizierung und die Potsdamer Konferenz ....................................................10 2.1.2. Die Entwicklung der Parteien ......................................................................................11 2.1.3. Reformen ......................................................................................................................12 2.2. Die Staatsgründung, der Aufbau des Sozialismus und der 17. Juni 1953 ........................13 2.2.1. Gründung der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik ...................................................13 2.2.2. Der Aufbau des Sozialismus‘ und seine Folgen ...........................................................13 2.2.3. Der 17. Juni 1953 und die Jahre danach .......................................................................14 2.3. Der Bau der Mauer und neue Reformen ...........................................................................15 2.3.1. Grenzgänger*innen und Flüchtlinge ............................................................................15 2.3.2. Der Bau der Berliner Mauer .........................................................................................16 2.3.3. Der Prager Frühling......................................................................................................16 2.4. Die Ära Honecker .............................................................................................................17 2.4.1. Der Sturz Ulbrichts und politische Änderungen ..........................................................17 2.4.2. Stimmungswechsel in der Gesellschaft ........................................................................18 2.5. Der Zusammenbruch der SED und DDR ..........................................................................19 2.5.1. Der Wirtschaftliche Zerfall ..........................................................................................19 2.5.2. Der NATO-Doppelbeschluss, Perestroika und Glasnost..............................................19 2.5.3. Oppositionelle Bewegungen ........................................................................................20 2.5.4. Der Niedergang der DDR .............................................................................................21 2.6. Das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit ...............................................................................21 2.7. Kunst und Kultur in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik ........................................23 2.8. Kirchen in der DDR ..........................................................................................................23 3. Subkulturen in der DDR .........................................................................................................26 3.1. Die Rolle der Jugendlichen in der DDR ...........................................................................26 3.2. Gothics ..............................................................................................................................27 3.3. Metaller*innen ..................................................................................................................28 3.4. Skinheads und Glatzen ......................................................................................................30 3.4.1. Hooligans und die Black Eagles...................................................................................32 3.5. Die Opposition, Friedens- und Umweltbewegungen ........................................................32 3.6. Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten der Jugendgruppierungen ......................................33 4. Punk in der DDR .....................................................................................................................35 4.1. DDR-Punk in Wissenschaft, Literatur und Film ...............................................................35 4.1.1. Arbeiten über den DDR-Punk ......................................................................................35 3 4.1.2. DDR-Punk in Literatur und Film .................................................................................38 4.2. Die Phasen und Generationen des DDR-Punks ...............................................................40 4.3. Der Zugang zum Punk in Ostdeutschland ........................................................................43 4.4. Politische Einstellung der DDR-Punks .............................................................................44 4.4.1. Anarchismus .................................................................................................................45 4.4.2. Demonstrationen und Proteste .....................................................................................46 4.5. Schulische und berufliche Situation der DDR-Punks .......................................................47 4.6. DDR-Punks im Zusammenhang mit der Opposition und Skinheads .................................47 4.6.1. Der Vorfall in der Berliner Zionskirche .......................................................................48 4.7. Hausbesetzungen ..............................................................................................................49 4.8. DDR-Punks im öffentlichen Raum ....................................................................................50 4.9. Anlaufstellen für DDR-Punks ...........................................................................................51 4.9.1. Die Offene Arbeit .........................................................................................................52 4.9.2. Die Kirche von Unten ..................................................................................................53 5. Der ostdeutsche Punk-Stil .......................................................................................................54 5.1. Aussehen und Kleidungsstil der DDR-Punks ....................................................................54 5.1.1. Provokation ..................................................................................................................56 5.1.2. Schutzmaßnahmen und Konsequenzen ........................................................................57 5.2. Dick Hebdige und die Bedeutung des subkulturellen Stils ...............................................58 5.3. DDR-Punk am Beispiel der Bricolage ..............................................................................60 6. Punk im Westen .......................................................................................................................63 6.1. Die Entstehung der Punk-Bewegung ................................................................................63 6.1.1. US-Protopunk und das New Yorker CBGB‘s ..............................................................64 6.1.2. Musikgenre und Subkultur Punk ..................................................................................66 6.2. Punk in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.........................................................................68 6.2.1. Die Ausgangslage in der BRD .....................................................................................68 6.2.2. Die Anfänge des deutschen Punks ...............................................................................69 6.2.3. Die Differenzierung und Politisierung des deutschen Punks .......................................71 6.2.4. Chaostage und der Rückgang der Subkultur ................................................................73 6.2.5. US-Hardcore in Deutschland .......................................................................................74 6.2.6. Fun-Punk und der Fall der Berliner Mauer ..................................................................74 6.2.7. Aussehen der Punks in Deutschland ............................................................................75 7. DDR- und BRD-punk im Vergleich .......................................................................................76 7.1. Die Ausgangslage .............................................................................................................76 7.2. Der Zugang zu Punk als Musikgenre und Subkultur ........................................................77 7.3. Der Kleidungsstil ..............................................................................................................78 7.4. Szenenvielfalt und Musikgenres ........................................................................................79 7.5. Treffpunkte der Szene .......................................................................................................80 7.6.
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