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Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2020-03-23 Advances in the Systematics and Evolutionary Understanding of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Gavin Jon Martin Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Life Sciences Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Martin, Gavin Jon, "Advances in the Systematics and Evolutionary Understanding of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)" (2020). Theses and Dissertations. 8895. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8895 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Advances in the Systematics and Evolutionary Understanding of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Gavin Jon Martin A dissertation submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Seth M. Bybee, Chair Marc A. Branham Jamie L. Jensen Kathrin F. Stanger-Hall Michael F. Whiting Department of Biology Brigham Young University Copyright © 2020 Gavin Jon Martin All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Advances in the Systematics and Evolutionary Understanding of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Gavin Jon Martin Department of Biology, BYU Doctor of Philosophy Fireflies are a cosmopolitan group of bioluminescent beetles classified in the family Lampyridae. The first catalogue of Lampyridae was published in 1907 and since that time, the classification and systematics of fireflies have been in flux. Several more recent catalogues and classification schemes have been published, but rarely have they taken phylogenetic history into account. Here I infer the first large scale anchored hybrid enrichment phylogeny for the fireflies and use this phylogeny as a backbone to inform classification. -
Firefly Translocation: a Case Study of Genetic and Behavioral Evaluation in Thailand Anchana Thancharoen
Chapter Firefly Translocation: A Case Study of Genetic and Behavioral Evaluation in Thailand Anchana Thancharoen Abstract Conservation translocation is frequently used to conserve the threatened fauna by releasing individuals from the wild or captive populations into a particular area. This approach, however, is not successful in many cases because the translocated populations could not self-sustain in the new habitats. In this chapter, I reviewed the concept of translocation for conservation and the factors associated with the success rate. I used example problems from several cases involving different insect taxa. With its often high potential to mass rear in captivity, captive breeding can be a powerful tool by assuring large population size for insect translocation, which can result in a high success rate. However, genetic consequences from inbreeding and genetic adaptation to captivity can reduce the fitness of the captive popula- tion to establish successfully in the wild. Additionally, as the evidence in Japanese fireflies shows, the genetic differences between the translocated and local popula- tions should be considered for a sustainable translocation program. A case study involved genetic and behavioral evaluation of S. aquatilis populations to assess the possibility of including the species for the firefly translocation program in Thailand. Although the results revealed no genetic variation among populations, examina- tion of the variation in flash signals showed that the long-distance population had a longer courtship flash pulse than other populations in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. With no geographical barrier, the light pollution and urbanization are probably important fragmented barriers causing adaptation of flash communica- tion to increase the fitness. -
Characterization of the First Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Cyphonocerinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) with Implications for Phylogeny and Evolution of Fireflies
insects Article Characterization of the First Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Cyphonocerinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) with Implications for Phylogeny and Evolution of Fireflies Xueying Ge 1, Lilan Yuan 1,2, Ya Kang 1, Tong Liu 1, Haoyu Liu 1,* and Yuxia Yang 1,* 1 The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; [email protected] (X.G.); [email protected] (L.Y.); [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (T.L.) 2 College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (Y.Y.) Simple Summary: The classification of Lampyridae has been extensively debated. Although some recent efforts have provided deeper insight into it, few genes have been analyzed for Cyphonocerinae in the molecular phylogenies, which undoubtedly influence elucidating the relationships of fireflies. In this study, we generated the first complete mitochondrial genome for Cyphonocerinae, with Cyphonocerus sanguineus klapperichi as the representative species. The comparative analyses of the mitogenomes were made between C. sanguineus klapperichi and that of well-characterized species. The results showed that the mitogenome of Cyphonocerinae was conservative in the organization and characters, compared with all other fireflies. Like most other insects, the cox1 gene was most converse, Citation: Ge, X.; Yuan, L.; Kang, Y.; and the third codon positions of the protein-coding genes were more rate-heterogeneous than the Liu, T.; Liu, H.; Yang, Y. first and second ones in the fireflies. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that Cyphonocerinae as an Characterization of the First independent lineage was more closely related to Drilaster (Ototretinae). -
Morphology and Behavior of Phausis Reticulata (Blue Ghost Firefly)
Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science, 124(4), 2008, pp. 139–147 MORPHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF PHAUSIS RETICULATA (BLUE GHOST FIREFLY) JENNIFER E. FRICK-RUPPERT* and JOSHUA J. ROSEN Department of Science and Math, Brevard College, Brevard, NC 28712 Abstract: Phausis reticulata, the Blue Ghost Firefly, is a lampyrid beetle found in the southern Appalachians, observed primarily in May and June. Its luminescence is characterized by a steady glow, in contrast to a species-specific pattern of flashes. It is also characterized by a large degree of sexual dimorphism, with a winged male and paedomorphic, apterous female. Both sexes have light organs. Behavior and habitat of P. reticulata were observed at several locations in the southern Appalachians from 1997 through 2008, most intensively in 2006 and 2007. Information was also gathered from preserved specimens in insect collections. Female anatomy is reported for the first time, and male anatomy is further clarified. Key Words: firefly; lampyrid; Phausis; Appalachians. INTRODUCTION emission varied between individuals, from ‘‘a few The southeastern United States is widely known for seconds to a minute or more.’’ He described the its diversity of lampyrid species (Lloyd 2004); however, paedomorphic female’s green-white glow as originating many of these species are incompletely known and have from four spots on the abdomen in some individuals, not been subject to extensive study. One of these lesser- but six spots in others. The two additional organs known species is Phausis reticulata, the Blue Ghost Firefly. observed in some females are located in the posterior end and are smaller than the other four; Lloyd suggested P. -
Nyctophila Reichii 101 53 312 466 Islands) Figure 1
Actualization of the Presence and Distribution of Spanish Fireflies Based on a Five Year Survey (2009-2013 ) by Means of a Photo-Biodiversity Database 1 ² 1 Associate Researcher, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Belgium ([email protected]) De Cock, Raphaël & Guzmán Álvarez, José Ramón 2 Project “¿Has visto una luciérnaga?” www.gusanosdeluz.es, Spain ([email protected]) INTRODUCTION RESULTS & DISCUSSION In 2010, we presented a poster at the International Firefly Symposium at From May 2009 till December 2013, in total 169 online forms were received and 629 Selangor, Malaysia, with preliminary results of a web-survey on the photos from the web photo data base Biodiversidad Virtual (www.biodiversidadvirtual.org) distribution of lampyrid species in Spain based on data of one year were examined; the specimens on photographs assigned to a taxonomic entity as (2009-2010) coming from the web-survey “Have you seen a glow- Lampyris iberica female Lampyris iberica female Lampyris noctiluca female accurately as possible (Table 1). photo: Manel Soria photo: Fernando Barragan photo: Blanca González worm?” (http://gusanosdeluz.es) and a photo-biodiversity database called “Biodiversidad Virtual” (http:// biodiversidadvirtual.org). Table 1. Identifications from the survey and the photo-database “Biodiversidad Virtual”. Larvae of Lampyris noctiluca and L. iberica are grouped in Lampyris sp. Based on a literature study 11 lampyrid species are expected in Spain & Species ♂ ♀ Larva Total Portugal: Lampyris sp (L. noctiluca + L. iberica) 10 32 108 150 Lampyris noctiluca 8 13 incl. in Lampyris sp. 21 • Lampyris noctiluca, Lampyris raymondi & Lampyris iberica Lampyris iberica 8 16 incl. in Lampyris sp. 24 Lampyris iberica male Lampyris larva -photo: Juan • Nyctophila reichei & Nyctophila heydeni (only on the Balearic photo: Raphael De Cock Carlos Cambronero Nyctophila reichii 101 53 312 466 islands) Figure 1. -
Biological Records Centre Report 1999-2004
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by NERC Open Research Archive JNCC Report No. 370 BIOLOGICAL RECORDS CENTRE REPORT 1999-2004 This report should be cited as: Hill, M.O., Arnold, H.R., Broad, G.R., Burton, V.J., James, T.J., McLean, I.F.G., Preston, C.D., Rowland, F. & Roy, D.B. (2005) Biological Records Centre: Report 1999-2004 JNCC Report, No. 370 © JNCC, Peterborough 2005 Nominated Officers: Biological Records Centre Joint Nature Conservation Committee Dr Mark Hill Dr Ian McLean Biological Records Centre Joint Nature Conservation Committee CEH Monks Wood Monkstone House Abbots Ripton City Road Huntingdon PE28 2LS Peterborough PE1 1JY For further information please contact: Dr Ian McLean Joint Nature Conservation Committee Monkstone House, City Road Peterborough PE1 1JY ISSN 0963-8091 (Online) TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................3 PROGRAMME 1: DEVELOPING CAPACITY OF RECORDING SCHEMES AND VOLUNTEERS ....4 Developing National Schemes and Societies....................................................................................................4 PROGRAMME 2: DATA -
The Glow-Worm and Other Beetles
The Glow-Worm And Other Beetles By Jean-Henri Fabre The Glow-Worm And Other Beetles CHAPTER I THE GLOW-WORM Few insects in our climes vie in popular fame with the Glow-worm, that curious little animal which, to celebrate the little joys of life, kindles a beacon at its tail-end. Who does not know it, at least by name? Who has not seen it roam amid the grass, like a spark fallen from the moon at its full? The Greeks of old called it, meaning, the bright-tailed. Science employs the same term: it calls the lantern-bearer, Lampyris noctiluca, LIN. In this case, the common name is inferior to the scientific phrase, which, when translated, becomes both expressive and accurate. In fact, we might easily cavil at the word "worm." The Lampyris is not a worm at all, not even in general appearance. He has six short legs, which he well knows how to use; he is a gad-about, a trot-about. In the adult state, the male is correctly garbed in wing-cases, like the true Beetle that he is. The female is an ill-favoured thing who knows naught of the delights of flying: all her life long, she retains the larval shape, which, for the rest, is similar to that of the male, who himself is imperfect so long as he has not achieved the maturity that comes with pairing-time. Even in this initial stage, the word "worm" is out of place. We French have the expression "Naked as a worm," to point to the lack of any defensive covering. -
BOOK REVIEW: Heckman CH.W.: ENCYCLOPEDIA of SOUTH
in the oxidation of firefly luciferin. Photochem. Photobiol. ment in the firefly, Photuris pennsylvanica. J. Insect Physiol. 10: 153–170. 25: 339–347. NEWPORT G. 1857: On the natural history of the glowworm TYLER J. 1986: The ecology and conservation of the glow worm, (Lampyris noctiluca). J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1: 40–71. Lampyris noctiluca (L.) in Britain. Atala 12: 17–19. OBA Y., OJIKA M. & INOUYE S. 2003: Firefly luciferase is a TYLER J. 1994: Glow-worms. Tyler-Scagell, Sevenoaks. bifunctional enzyme: ATP-dependent monooxygenase and a VIVIANI V.R. 2002: The origin, diversity, and structure function long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase. FEBS Letters 540: relationships of insect luciferases. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 59: 251–254. 1833–1850. SALA-NEWBY G.B., THOMSON C.M. & CAMPBELL A.K. 1996: VIVIANI V.R. & BECHARA E.J.V. 1996: Larval Tenebrio molitor Sequence and biochemical similarities between the luciferases (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) fat body extracts catalyze firefly of the glow-worm Lampyris noctiluca and the firefly Photinus D-luciferin- and ATP-dependent chemiluminescence: a pyralis. Biochem. J. 313: 761–767. luciferase-like enzyme. Photochem. Photobiol. 63: 713–718. SELIGER H.H., BUCK J.B., FASTIE W.G. & MCELROY W.D. 1964: VIVIANI V.R., BECHARA E.J. & OHMIYA Y. 1999: Cloning, The spectral distribution of firefly light. J. Gen. Physiol. 48: sequence analysis, and expression of active Phrixothrix 95–104. railroad-worms luciferases: relationship between biolumines- STOLZ U., VELEZ S., WOOD K.V., WOOD M. & FEDER J.L. 2003: cence spectra and primary structures. Biochemistry 38: Darwinian natural selection for orange bioluminescent color 8271–8279. -
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 6 | Article 37 1 Journal of Insect Science | ISSN: 1536-2442
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org ISSN: 1536-2442 Genomic structure of the luciferase gene from the bioluminescent beetle, Nyctophila cf. caucasica John C. Day1, Mohammad J. Chaichi2, Iraj Najafil3 and Andrew S. Whiteley1 1 CEH-Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX1 3SR, UK 2 Department of Chemistry, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran. 3 Biological Control Centre, Amol, Iran Abstract The gene coding for beetle luciferase, the enzyme responsible for bioluminescence in over two thousand coleopteran species has, to date, only been characterized from one Palearctic species of Lampyridae. Here we report the characterization of the luciferase gene from a female beetle of an Iranian lampyrid species, Nyctophila cf. caucasica (Coleoptera:Lampyridae). The luciferase gene was composed of seven exons, coding for 547 amino acids, separated by six introns spanning 1976 bp of genomic DNA. The deduced amino acid sequences of the luciferase gene of N. caucasica showed 98.9% homology to that of the Palearctic species Lampyris noctiluca. Analysis of the 810 bp upstream region of the luciferase gene revealed three TATA boxes and several other consensus transcriptional factor recognition sequences presenting evidence for a putative core promoter region conserved in Lampyrinae from −190 through to −155 upstream of the luciferase start codon. Along with the core promoter region the luciferase gene was compared with orthologous sequences from other lampyrid species and found to have greatest identity to Lampyris turkistanicus and Lampyris noctiluca. The significant sequence identity to the former is discussed in relation to taxonomic issues of Iranian lampyrids. Keywords: Coleoptera, Lampyridae, phylogeny, promoter, Lampyris turkistanicus, Lampyris noctiluca Correspondence to: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received: 14.7.2005 | Accepted: 8.2.2006 | Published: 27.10.2006 Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 ISSN: 1536-2442 | Volume 6, Number 37 Cite this paper as: Day JC, Chaichi MJ, Najafil I, Whiteley AS. -
VOLUME 2 Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea Through
VOLUME 2 AMERICAN BEETLES Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea VOLUME 2 AMERICAN BEETLES Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea Edited by the late Ross H. Arnett, Jr., Ph.D. Michael C. Thomas, Ph.D. Paul E. Skelley, Ph.D. and J. Howard Frank, D. Phil. CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. COVER FIGURES: Center - Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridus (Palles) [Photo by Fred J. Santana]. Outer rim, clockwise from top: Ripiphoridae, Macrosiagon cruentum (Germar) [by Fred J. Santana]; Meloidae, Lytta magister Horn [by Charles L. Bellamy]; Carabidae, Rhadine exilis (Barr and Lawrence) [by James C. Cokendolpher]; Melyridae, Malachius mirandus (LeConte) [by Max E. Badgley]; Lampyridae, Microphotus angustus LeConte [by Arthur V. Evans]. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data American beetles / edited by Ross H. Arnett and Michael C. Thomas. p. cm. Contents: v. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. Includes bibliographical references (p.). ISBN 0-8493-0954-9 (alk. paper : v. 2)) 1. Beetles—North America. I. Arnett, Ross H. II. Thomas, M. C. (Michael Charles). 1948– QL581 .A43 2002 595.76¢097—dc21 00-050809 CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. -
A Review of the Beetles of Great Britain
Natural England Commissioned Report NECR134 A review of the beetles of Great Britain The Soldier Beetles and their allies Species Status No.16 First published 20 January 2014 www.gov.uk/natural-england Foreword Natural England commission a range of reports from external contractors to provide evidence and advice to assist us in delivering our duties. The views in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Natural England. Background Making good decisions to conserve species should primarily be based upon an objective process of determining the degree of threat to the survival of a species. The recognised international approach to undertaking this is by assigning the species to one of the IUCN threat categories. This report was commissioned to update the threat status of beetles from the named families from work originally undertaken in 1987, 1992 and 1994 respectively using the IUCN methodology for assessing threat. It is expected that further invertebrate status reviews will follow. Natural England Project Manager - Jon Webb, [email protected] Contractor - Buglife (project management), K.N.A. Alexander (author) Keywords - beetles, invertebrates, red list (iucn), status reviews Further information This report can be downloaded from the Natural England website: www.naturalengland.org.uk. For information on Natural England publications contact the Natural England Enquiry Service on 0845 600 3078 or e-mail [email protected]. This report is published by Natural England under the Open Government Licence - OGLv3.0 for public sector information. You are encouraged to use, and reuse, information subject to certain conditions. -
Elytron 17.P65
MORPHOLOGY OF LYCYDAE 199 Figs 584-586: Internal female genitalia, after Bocák & Bocáková, 1990: Dictyoptera aurora (Herbst) (584); Platycis minuta (Fabricius) (585); Pyropterus nigroruber (Degeer) (586). 200 SERGEY V. KAZANTSEV Figs 587-589: Internal female genitalia, after Bocák & Bocáková, 1990: Conderis signicollis (Kirsch) (587); Plateros sp. (588); Metriorrhynchus helleri Kleine (589). and Dilophotes acquired a complete meral suture (Figs 449-453), the hind coxa becoming divided into the coxa proper, trochantin and meron. The tibial spurs disappeared in hypothetically advanced Ceratoprion, Leptolycus, Dexoris, Scarelus, Dilophotes and Mesolycus (Figs 425, 429, 430, 440, 444). The conspicuous and well-developed tarsal plantar pads characteristic of all presumably primitive lycids (e.g. Figs 422, 424, 434, 435, etc.) gradually gave way, through partial loss in certain unrelated lycid genera (e.g. Lyroneces, Platerodrilus, Figs 428, 432), to complete absence of tarsal pads in the most derived taxa, such as Dexoris, Leptolycus or Ceratoprion (Figs 429, 429a, 430, 440). In all male lycids the fused condition of tergite 9 and tergite 8 (persistent in Lampyridae, e.g. Fig. 489) gave way to complete division between them and appearance of the proctiger (tergite 10) medially attached to tergite 9. In perhaps more derived lycid taxa (e.g. in Platerodrilus, Fig. 478) the proctiger became MORPHOLOGY OF LYCYDAE 201 Figs 590-594: Imaginal structures: Mesolycus shelfordi (Bourgeois): mesoscutum (590); mesepisternum, mesepimeron and metathoracic sclerites (591); Plateros assamensis (Pic), aedeagus, latero-dorsal view (592); Lyponia korotyaevi Kazantsev, aedeagus, lateral view (593), Plateros tryznai Bocáková, aedeagus, lateral view (594). separate from tergite 9. And probably the most derived lycids (e.g.