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The Politics and Society of Glasgow, 1648-74 by William Scott Shepherd a Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy

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The Politics and Society of Glasgow, 1648-74 by William Scott Shepherd a Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The Politics and Society of Glasgow, 1648-74 by William Scott Shepherd A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, to the Faculty of Arts in the University of Glasgow February 1978 ProQuest Number: 13804140 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13804140 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Contents Acknowledgments iii Abbreviations iv Notes on dating and currency vii Abstract viii Introduction to the society of Glasgow: its environment, constitution and institutions. 1 Prelude: the formation of parties in Glasgow, 1645-8 30 PART ONE The struggle for Kirk and King, 1648-52 Chapter 1 The radical ascendancy in Glasgow from October 1648 to the fall of the Western Association in December 1650. 52 Chapter II The time of trial: the revival of malignancy in Glasgow, and the last years of the radical Councils, December 1650 - March 1652. 70 PART TWO Glasgow under the Cromwellian Union, 1652-60 Chapter III A malignant re-assessment: the conservative rule in Glasgow, 1652-5. 108 Chapter IV The Gillespie campaigns to control Glasgow for the Western Protesters, 1654 - April 1658. 138 Chapter V fThis great and comfortable revol­ ution* : the malignant triumph and the Restor­ ation in Glasgow, April 1658 - 1660. 170 PART THREE Restoration Glasgow, 1660-74 Chapter VI fThe faithful city turned an Harlot!*: the Restoration Settlement in Glasgow, 1660-3. 199 Chapter VII Make room for Caiaphas: the Forward Policy of Archbishop Alexander Burnet in Glasgow, 1664-7. 242 Chapter VIII 'Then worlds of hid things will throng forth': the reversal of the Forward Policy and the effects of Conciliation in Glasgow, 1667-74. 284 Chapter IX The effective Calvinists: domestic policy and trading connections in Glasgow, 1664-74. 318 Epilogue: The politics of Glasgow, 1674-89 349 Conclusion 356 Appendix I The pattern of burgh elections in Glasgow, T645-74: officers and Councillors elected. 365 Appendix II Set commodity prices in Glasgow 1636-96--- 397 Appendix III Ruling elder participation in the Presbytery of Glasgow, 1644-54. 399 Bibliography 409 MAPS (in end pocket) I Glasgow and adjoining district, c.1650 II Plan of the Barony and Regality of Glasgow, 1773 Tables in Text I Comparative analysis of Council office held by the merchants and crafts of Glasgow: 1649-90 21 II Merchant office holding: 1649-90 22 III Trades of craftsmen councillors: 1649-90 23 IV Craft office holding: 1649-90 24 V Analysis of attendance by Ruling Elders in the Presbytery of Glasgow, 1644-53 51B VI Political change in Glasgow: 1644-60 51F VII The balance of parties on the Glasgow Council: 1652-60 179 VIII Pattern of electoral change: 1660-75 199 Acknowledgments I thank the Glasgow District Council, successors to the Glasgow City Corporation for permission to reproduce the maps made for them by N.S. Macdonald. This thesis was started after a suggestion by Frances Dow of the Department of History, University of Edinburgh. The kind assistance of Richard Dell and his staff at the Strathclyde Regional Archives was invaluable in my research, as were study facilities and access to the comprehensive Scottish collections at the Glasgow University Library. My thanks are also due to the National Library of Scotland, the British Library, and the Bodleian. My supervisors, Dr Lionel Glassey throughout, and Dr Ian Cowan in the final stages, provided careful scrutiny and sound advice. Dr David Stevenson kindly gave me permission to quote from his thesis on the Covenanters. Finally, but for the conscientious toil and scholarly advice of Anne and Jim Craig, and Mary, this thesis would never have been typed and produced. IV Abbreviations This table lists common abbreviations used. Adoption of an abbreviated form for sources is also listed in respective footnotes. Full citations for all works are in the bibliography. A*P.S. The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, ed. T. Thomson and C. Innes (Edinburgh, 1814-75) Anderson, Provosts Anderson, James Richard, T he Provosts of Glasgow from 1609-1832. Compiled from notes collected by J.R. Anderson by Jas. Gourley, (Glasgow, 1942) Baillie The letters and journals of Mr Robert Baillie, Principal of the University of Glasgow 1637-62, ed', D~, Laing, (Edinburgh, 1641-3) Brit. Mus. British Museum [Reference Division, British Library.J Convention Records Extracts from the records of the Convention of Royal Burghs of Scotland iii, 1615-76; iv, 1677-1711, ed. J.D. Marwick, (Edinburgh, 1870-80) Edinburgh Records Extracts from the records of the burgh of Edinburgh, 1389-1689, ed. Marguerite Wood, (London & Edinburgh, 1927-54) Eyre-Todd Eyre-Todd, George, Renwick, Robert and Lindsay Sir John. History of Glasgow, 3v., (Glasgow, 1921-34) Fasti Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae: the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the Reformation^ ed. Hew Scott, (Edinburgh, 1920) G.U.A. Glasgow University Archives. G.U.L. Glasgow University Library. Glasgow Records Extracts from the records of the burgh of Glasgow, 1573-1690, 3v., ed. J.D. Marwick & Robert Renwick, (Glasgow; Scot. Burgh Rec. Soc., 1905) Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts^ (London, T870-) V Kirkton, History Kirkton, James. The secret and true history of the Church of Scotland from the Reformation to 1678, (Edinburgh, 1817) M'Ure M'Ure, John. History of Glasgow (new edition, Glasgow, 1830 1ST ed. 1736) N.L.S. National Library of Scotland. N.L.S. Adv. MS. Manuscript in the National Library of Scotland from the original Advocates Library Collections. N.L.S. MS. Manuscript in the National Library of Scotland acquired since its establishment in 1925 Nicoll, Diary Nicoll, John. A diary of public transactions ..1 chiefly in Scotland ... 1650-1667. R.P.C. Scot. The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, ed, J.H. Burton and others, (Edinburgh, 1877-) Rees. Scot. Church Records of the Scottish Church Hist. Soc. History Society (1923-) S.H.R. The Scottish Historical Review (1903-28, 1947- ) S.H.S. Scottish History Society. S.R.A. Strathclyde Regional Archives. S .R.O. Scottish Record Office. Scot. Burgh Rec. Soc Scottish Burgh Records Society. Scot. Journ. Pol. Scottish Journal of Political Econ. Economy - the Journal of the Scottish Political Economy Society,. Smout, Enterprise Smout, Thomas C. fThe development and enterprise of Glasgow, 1556- 1707* Scot. Journ. Pol. Econ., vii, 3, (1960), 194-212. Smout, Merchants Smout, Thomas C. TThe Glasgow merchant community in the seventeenth century1 S.H.R., xlvii, (1968), 53-71. Spreule, John 'Some remarkable passages of the Lord's Providence towards Mr John Spreul, Town Clerk of Glasgow. 1635- 64. In Maidment, Jas. (ed). Historical Fragments ... (Edinburgh, 1833) Trans. Royal Hist. Transactions of the Royal Historical So^l--------------- Society" (1800- ) Wariston, Diary The diary of Sir Archibald Johnston I-II-III of Wariston, 1632-9, 1650-4, 1655-60 ed. G.M, Paul, D.H. Fleming and J.D. Ogilvie, 3v., S.H.S. pub? Ixi; 2nd ser. 18; 3rd ser. 34, (Edinburgh 1911, 1919, 1940) Wodrow, History Wodrow, Robert. The history of the sufferings of the Church of Scotland from the jRestoration to the Revolution, ed. It. Burns, 4v., (Glasgow, 1828-30) [First pub. Edinburgh 1721-2 in 2v. folio^ vii Notes on dating and currency From 1600 onwards, the year was calculated as commencing on 1 January in Scotland. This fNew-Stylef dating is used throughout this thesis. All sums of money quoted are in Scots currency - worth approximately l/12th sterling - unless otherwise stated. ' *■ ■ %■ ■ '■ --Ut £ 1*% ■ lV, ;Z-.: ? ii& i.:-- :: M : ,f:; t-t.V ' / ■’ - ( ‘ ■ — - r V - ;/ ■ .‘"■Ou-i . A- . Abstract This thesis sets out to study the Politics and Society of Glasgow in depth, utilising the MSS. burgh election returns and scattered information on the leading families. Glasgow has been fortunate in her rich heritage of local historians ranging from the extensive 'couthy rambles’ school to scholarly and lucid works. All historians of Glasgow will be indebted to the pioneering work of the late Victorian Town Clerk, Sir James D. Marwick and his staunch assistant Robert Renwick - who incidentally appears to have undertaken much of the actual transcription of the burgh records and other documents. T.C. Smout has recently acclaimed the work of John M ’Ure, an eighteenth century historian rather patronised by the Victorian sages. Early histories such as M ’Ure’s and Gibson’s, augmented by the compendious works of the Victorian school, provide personal insights into Glasgow life often absent in formal records. The invaluable publications of the Maitland, Bannatyne and Regality Clubs, and the Scottish Burgh Records Society, Scottish History Society and a multiplicity of local groups, all add to our knowledge of early Glasgow. The most useful general history is probably the collaborative work of G.Eyre-Todd, R. Renwick and J. Lindsay. All these works are cited in the Bibliography. However academic analysis of seventeenth century Glasgow only really emerged with T.C. Smout’s excellent work on the Glasgow merchants in the 1960’s, and F.N. McCoy’s study of Robert Baillie and Glasgow Kirk Politics. With the growing interest in seventeenth century Scottish history, and a reappraisal of the role of the Covenanters, a study of the key centre of the West should serve to augment knowledge of the localities.
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