BIOLOGIJA. 2019. Vol. 65. No. 2. P. 67–79 © Lietuvos mokslų akademija, 2019

Colombian Nepticuloidea and Tischerioidea: a small step out of obscurity

Jonas R. Stonis1, 2*, We summarize the results of the fieldwork conducted in south­ western Colombia in 2019 and report on new taxa discovered Andrius Remeikis2, in Colombia. We provide a description of Stigmella foreroi Sto­ nis & Vargas, sp. nov., recently discovered in the Valle del Cauca 3 Sergio A. Vargas region, and encourage further research into the Colombian fauna.

1 Vytautas Magnus University, Keywords: Colombian fauna, leaf-mining insects, new species, K. Donelaičio St. 58, Nepticulidae, Opostegidae, Tischeriidae Kaunas 44248, Lithuania

2 Nature Research Centre and Baltic-American Biotaxonomy Institute, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania

3 Jardín Botánico de Bogotá José Celestino Mutis, Av. Calle 63 No. 68-95, Bogotá, Colombia

INTRODUCTION ulates a more active inventory of various biomes of the Earth. Unfortunately, biodiversity is undergo­ One of the distinctive features of modern life is ing a very rapid decline due to human economic its intensity. It also poses ever new and, in a num­ activity and severe destruction or fragmentation of ber of cases, existential challenges, be it climate habitats. In tropical regions, this decline has gained change, global biodiversity crisis, a lack of quali­ a much greater rate (Stonis, 2010). Biotaxonomists fied professionals, or the need for STEM educa­ are actually competing against time: many organ­ tion. Even in the age of technology, social develop­ ism species may become extinct and will never be ment must be accompanied by the investigation discovered. It is therefore not surprising that there into the structural elements of nature, especially is a popular saying among biotaxonomists, “newly those of economic relevance. discovered species are the jewel of biodiversity” Nowadays we are seriously concerned about (Stonis, 2010). the biodiversity crisis. This growing concern stim­ The objects of the study, Nepticuloidea (Nep­ ticulidae and Opostegidae) and Tischerioidea (Tischeriidae), are not common in scientific * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] collections. However, they are among the most 68 Jonas R. Stonis, Andrius Remeikis, Sergio A. Vargas significant Lepidoptera groups from the theo­ and Tischeriidae have already been included retical, i.e., evolutionary, point of view. They are in the lists of pests of cultivated plants (Kuzne­ also characterized by a highly specialized life­ tzov, Puplesis, 1994). Since the occurences style of mining in assimilative tissues of plants of their invasions or epizootic outbreaks are (Figs. 1–10, 18, 19). Some of the Nepticulidae quite likely, they are economically important.

Figs. 1–10. Bionomics of Tischeriidae (Tischerioidea) and Nepticulidae (Nepticuloidea). 1–3 – leaf mines of Tischeriidae; 4 – egg of Nepticulidae on a leaf of the host plant; 5–8 – co­ coons and pupa of Nepticulidae from Colombia; 9, 10 – leaf mines of Nepticulidae on Guazuma ulmifolia (9) and Psidium guajava (10) Colombian Nepticuloidea and Tischerioidea: a small step out of obscurity 69

We suppose that curent global trade links and All this motivated us to conduct studies on the emergence of new tourist routes are bound nepticuloids and tischerioids in Colombia (and to significantly increase the danger of the intro­ South America in general), one of the Earth’s duction of alien pests (Diškus, Stonis, 2012). richest but still poorly studied regions as re­ Nepticuloidea and Tischerioidea are wide­ gards the leaf-mining insects. spread and occur practically in all terrestrial The goal of our study was a taxonomic and habitats, and because of endemism and a high trophic study into the Nepticuloidea and Tisch­ degree of stenophagy of the species these or­ erioidea fauna of Colombia: to collect, iden­ ganisms serve as a means for assessing or tify, document the specific leaf-mining fauna, monitoring biodiversity richness of habitats and to define trophic relationships and species and provide data on the evolutionary processes which may be relevant as pests (or potential (Diškus, Stonis, 2012; Remeikis, 2017). pests) of cultivated or otherwise economically Being extremely small and leading a hidden significant plants. lifestyle within plant tissues, these insects still re­ Despite the fact that our most recent study main insufficiently investigated in many regions. was very limited in time and resources, it Moreover, it is also compounded by disturbing yielded some interesting and important results, decline in the number of qualified specialists and which we summarize in the current paper. painful absence of diagnostic tools for research­ ers, environmentalists, or specialists in the field MATERIALS AND METHODS of forestry, agriculture, and even of STEM edu­ cation (both globally and in the countries of In the course of our fieldwork from Febru­ Latin America) (Stonis, 2010; Stonis et al., 2015). ary to early March 2019 in Valley del Cauca Colombia is regarded as one of the world’s (Figs. 11–17), we collected some Nepticuloidea megadiverse countries hosting close to 10% of and Tischerioidea specimens. All material is the planet’s biodiversity (Colombia – Country deposited in the collection of Laboratorio de Profile, 2015; Colombia – Wildlife Conserva­ Entomología, UNESIS, Departamento de Bi­ tion Society, 2015). Meanwhile, until recently ología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bo­ the list of the Colombian Nepticuloidea com­ gotá, Colombia (further abbreviated as MPUJ). prised only about 0.5% of the world’s nepticu­ It was collected by Jonas R. Stonis and Sergio loid fauna: 0.6% of Nepticulidae and 0.5% of A. Vargas, assisted by Franklin J. Galindo the world’s Opostegidae (or 1.15% of the Neo­ (Collecting Permit No. 2019007511-1-000 by tropical Opostegidae) (Stonis et al., 2015, 2016a, Autoridad Nacional de Licencias Ambientales, 2017a). The situation with Colombia’s Tischerii­ Bogotá, Colombia). dae (Tischerioidea), a related family (superfam­ The collecting methods are outlined in Pup­ ily) to Nepticuloidea, was even worse. Though lesis, Robinson (2000), Puplesis, Diškus (2003), about 125 species were known globally prior to and Diškus, Stonis (2012), Stonis et al. (2018a). our study (Stonis et al., submitted), not a single The material was obtained by rearing adults species of these insects from Colombia has been from mining larvae (Figs. 18, 19) and by attract­ registered. The situation was rather embarrass­ ing adults to mercury-vapour light from a lamp ing and required urgent action, i.e., extensive suspended in front of a white screen (light-col­ taxonomic studies of Nepticulidae, Opostegi­ lecting) (Figs. 20, 21). Rearing adults from larvae dae, and Tischeriidae in different ecosystems enabled us not only to obtain premium quality and habitats of Colombia (Stonis et al., 2015). collection material but also define ecological Without such basic data on fauna and ecological characteristics of Tischeriidae (Figs. 1–3) and characteristics (e.g., trophic relationships and Nepticulidae (Figs. 4–10). seasonal cycles), it is impossible to efficiently The techniques for genitalia preparation solve problems of the protection of natural re­ and the protocols for description are out­ gions and continue any further research. lined in Stonis et al., 2014. After maceration 70 Jonas R. Stonis, Andrius Remeikis, Sergio A. Vargas

Figs. 11–21. Collecting and habitats covered by our study in Valle del Cauca: 11 – SW of Cali, Vía Villa Carmelo; 12–14 – lowland tropical forest near San Cipriano; 15, 16 – Lobo Guerrero, 850 m, 3°45’58’’N, 76°40’43’’W; 17 – El Naranjo, 550 m, 3°46’46”N, 76°43’63”W; 18 – numerous leaf mines of Acalyptris, Nepticulidae, on Gliricidia sepium, Fabaceae; 19 – leaf mine of Astrotischeria, Tischeriidae, on an Aster­ aceae plant; 20, 21 – attracting moths by a mercury-vapour light from a lamp suspended in front of a white screen (21 – Sergio A. Vargas) Colombian Nepticuloidea and Tischerioidea: a small step out of obscurity 71 of the abdomen in 10% KOH and subsequent absence of cornuti in the phallus (Fig. 26). cleaning, male genital capsules were removed The large, lyra-shaped gnathos (Fig. 28), large from the abdomen and mounted ventral side uncus with an X-shaped thickening (Fig. 32) in uppermost. The phallus was removed and the male genitalia, and the wide white fascia on mounted alongside the genital armature. the black forewing (Figs. 22–25) also make this Abdominal pelts and female genitalia were species distinctive (also see Remarks). stained with Chlorazol Black (Direct Black 38/ Male (Figs. 29–32). Forewing length: 1.4– Azo Black), and mounted in Euparal. 1.6 mm (n = 2), wingspan: 3.2–3.6 (n = 2). Head: Permanent preparations on microscope slides palpi greyish cream; frontal tuft pale, brownish were photographed and studied using a Leica orange; collar small, concolorous with scape, DM2500 microscope and a Leica DFC420 digi­ silvery cream to golden cream, shiny; antenna tal camera. Adults were photographed using distinctly shorter than half the length of fore­ a Leica S6D stereoscopic microscope with a Lei­ wing; flagellum with 19–20 segments, glossy, ca DFC290 digital camera attached. grey to dark grey on upper side, greyish cream The descriptive terminology of morphologi­ to pale grey on underside. Thorax, tegula and cal structures follows Johansson et al. (1990) and forewing concolorous, brown-black, with pur­ Puplesis, Robinson (2000) except for the term ple iridescence particularly prominent in basal “aedeagus”, which is here referred to as “phallus” half of the forewing; forewing fascia slightly and the term “cilia”, which is here referred to as postmedian, wide, comprised of white, silver “fringe”. shiny scales; fringe blackish grey, apically white; Largerly following the most recent biogeo­ underside of forewing entirely grey-black, graphic regionalization provided by Morrone without androconia, with purple iridescence (2014, particularly 2015), we accept the Ando- in basal half. Hindwing blackish grey with lit­ Patagonian biogeographical region (Stonis et al. tle purple iridescence on upper side and un­ 2016b, 2017b; Remeikis, 2017) as a separate derside, with no spots or androconia; its fringe region from the Neotropical region, including blackish grey. Legs very glossy, greyish cream; the South American transition zone. However, hindlegs, except tarsi, covered with black scales. for convenience we use the term “Neotropics” Abdomen glossy, black on upper side, yellowish (sensu lato), covering both the Ando-Patagoni­ cream on underside; tufts indistinct or absent; an and Neotropical (sensu stricto) regions. genital segments yellowish cream. Female. Unknown. RESULTS Male genitalia (Figs. 26–33). Capsule about 200 µm long, 125 µm wide. Uncus very large, Description of a new species, Stigmella fore- with an X-shaped thickening (Fig. 32) and roi Stonis & Vargas, sp. nov. weakly demarcated lateral lobes (Fig. 28). Gna­ (Figs. 17, 20–33) thos very large, lyra-shaped (Fig. 28). Valva with Type material. Holotype: COLOMBIA: ♂, a pointed thickening apically (Figs. 27, 31); in­ Departamento de Valle del Cauca, Municipio ner side with elaborated thickenings (Fig. 33); de Dagua, El Naranjo, 550 m, at light, 3°46’46’’N, transtilla with unusual elaboration (Fig. 32). 76°43’63’’W, 21–23.ii.2019, J. R. Stonis & S. A. Var­ Juxta absent. Phallus (Figs. 26, 29, 30) about gas, genitalia slide no. RA1026 (MPUJ). Paratype: 125 µm long, apically with lateral thickenings 1 ♂, same label data as holotype (MPUJ). (Fig. 29); vesica with a weakly developed cath­ Diagnosis. A distinctive species among all rema (Fig. 30) but without cornuti (Fig. 26). congeneric Stigmella because of the peculiar Bionomics. Adults fly in February; the type- character of the male genitalia: the deep proxi­ series specimens were attracted by light (Figs. 20, mal excavation of the ventral plate of vincu­ 21). Otherwise biology unknown. lum (Fig. 31), thickened inner side of the valva Distribution. Known from a single locality, (Fig. 33), elaborated transtilla (Fig. 32), and El Naranjo, Valle del Cauca, a rather lush tropical 72 Jonas R. Stonis, Andrius Remeikis, Sergio A. Vargas

Figs. 22–33. Stigmella foreroi Stonis & Vargas, sp. nov. 22–25 – male adults, paratype and holotype (23, 25); 26 – male genitalia, holotype, slide no. RA1026, phallus; 27, 28 – same, details of genital capsule; 29 – same, apex of phallus; 30 – same, cathrema; 31–33 – same, genital capsule Colombian Nepticuloidea and Tischerioidea: a small step out of obscurity 73 habitat on the eastern edge of the Choco biogeo­ in press), both of which are characterized by graphical province in southwestern Colombia at rather unusual morphology of the male and fe­ an elevation of about 550 m (Fig. 17). male genitalia. The new species have a strongly Etymology. The species is named after As­ developed and thickened dorsal plate of the an­ soc. Professor Dr. Igor Dimitri Forero Fuentes, ellus, which was almost unknown for Astrotis- coordinator of Biological Collections (Departa­ cheria, the phallus of one species is unusually mento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Jave­ small in comparison to other Neotropical tisch­ riana, Bogotá, Colombia) (also see Acknowl­ eriids. Moreover, the female genitalia have many edgements). large coils of ductus spermathecae and a unique Remarks. The exact position of this spe­ ovipositor among all Tischeriidae, with greatly cies within Stigmella is uncertain and, there­ reduced primary and particularly secondary fore, provisional. However, the adult forewing ovipositor lobes. It could be possible that at least pattern and morphology of the male genitalia one of the discovered species has probably an of S. foreroi are most compatible with that of outstanding position in the genus Astrotischeria the representatives of the Stigmella betulicola and may represent a separate species group or species group. Therefore, despite the lack of api­ even subgenus (Stonis et al., in press). cal clusters of spines on the male phallus, we The Opostegidae family numbers more than tentatively atribute the new species to the group 40 species in the Neotropics (Remeikis, 2017). of S. betulicola species. It is interesting that Prior to our study, only one single species of the S. betulicola group is widespread and com­ Opostegidae, Pseudopostega pontifex (Mey­ mon in the Palearctics but previously was never rick), was known from Colombia (Meyrick, reported from the Neotropics. 1915; Stonis et al., 2015). Our studies provided evidence on one more species, which was iden­ Summary of the results of the conducted tified as a new Pseudopostega taxon (it will be study described elswhere, Stonis et al., in prep.). It is The fieldwork of 2019 in Valle del Cauca, south­ interesting that this species occurs both in nat­ western Colombia, yielded a discovery of ten ural habitats (around Cali) and in urban areas taxa, all new to the fauna of that country: one of such a megacity as Bogotá. species belongs to Opostegidae, seven to Nept­ According to the recent count, the Nepti­ iculidae, and two to Tischeriidae. culidae family of the Neotropical region con­ The study of the Tischeriidae fauna in the sisted of more than 225 species, about 150 of Neotropics began in the late nineteenth – ear­ which were discovered and described recently ly twentieth century, but only during the last (Remeikis, 2017; Stonis, Remeikis, 2018; Ston­ two decades the inventory and especially col­ is, Diškus, 2018; Stonis et al., 2018b, 2018c, lecting of the Neotropical Tischeriidae has be­ 2018d, 2018e). Only a few species possess came more purposeful and active (Stonis et al., a broad distribution in the Neotropics, most in press). Prior to our study, no representatives of the Neotropical species are known from of the Tischeriidae were known from Colombia. a single locality or restricted area which sup­ During our most recent fieldwork we collected pose not only a poor, insufficient study but some Tischeriidae specimens, all belonging to also a tendency for majority of Nepticulidae the unknown species of Astrotischeria Puple­ ranges to be very limited. The recent collect­ sis & Diškus (Stonis et al., in press). The dis­ ing, which was conducted on the eastern edge covery also revealed previously unknown of the Choco biogeographical province, un­ host plants from the Asterceae and Malvaceae expectedly yielded a discovery of species that families. On the basis of the Tischeriidae speci­ previously had been known only from Central mens collected in El Naranjo and Lobo Guer­ America. In the current paper, we report on rero (Municipio de Dagua), we identified two the first discovery ofAcalyptris bifidus Puple­ new species (described elsewhere, Stonis et al., sis & Robinson, now known to be occuring 74 Jonas R. Stonis, Andrius Remeikis, Sergio A. Vargas

Figs. 34–45. Documentation of Manoneura basidactyla (Davis), collected in Municipio de Dagua, El Naran­ jo, 550 m, at light, 3°46’46”N, 76°43’63”W, 21–23.ii.2019, by J. R. Stonis and S. A. Vargas. 34–38 – adults; 39 – male genitalia, slide no. RA1025, capsule; 40–42 – same, phallus; 43–45 – female genitalia, slide no. RA1024 Colombian Nepticuloidea and Tischerioidea: a small step out of obscurity 75 from Belize to southwestern Colombia, and peared to belong to the endemic, Neotropical, Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson, now recently erected genus Hesperolyra (van Nieu­ known to be occurring from southern Mexico kerken et al., 2016). It is important that the new and Guatemala to southwestern Colombia. Hesperolyra species was discovered as a pest on From the morphological point of view, the lat­ guava (Psidium guajava) at least in Municipio ter species, S. pruinosa, is very unusual and de Dagua (Fig. 10). Description of this eco­ exhibits an outstanding sexual dimorphism nomically significant and morphologically very not previously known on such a scale among unique species along with documentation of world’s Nepticulidae. Males of S. pruinosa damaged leaves of guava will be published else­ have a set of seven different androconia: white where (Stonis et al., in preparation). This will slender scales on forewing (1), black rounded be the first report on a Nepticulidae pest from scales on hindwing (2), white slender scales on Colombia; prior to our research, no Nepticuli­ hindwing (3), white overlapping slender scales dae species were known to be associated with on hindwing (4), black overlapping slender cultivated crop plants in the country. scales on hindwing (5), patches of black scales on forewing underside (6), and pale scales on DISCUSSION upper side of abdomen (7). Details of this re­ ally unususal sexual dimorphism will be docu­ Compiling an inventory of biodiversity is mented elsewhere (Stonis et al., submitted). a huge long-lasting task: so far, only a small In the current paper we report the first record portion of the world’s biodiversity has been of Manoneura basidactyla (Davis), a species studied and described (Puplesis, 2003). originally described from Florida, USA (Davis, The number of already described Tischeri­ 1978, 1979), but later discovered in Belize (Pu­ oidea and Nepticuloidea species by country plesis and Robinson, 2000), Ecuador (Puple­ is very uneven (Figs. 46, 47). It is not because sis et al., 2002a, 2002b; Stonis et al., 2018d), and of the richness of biodiversity but mostly be­ Guyana (Stonis et al., 2018d). The genusManon - cause of the variety in the amount of invested eura is endemic to the Neotropical region and effort, i.e., the research conducted previously. comprised of a few species with purple or cop­ The results of our study, which deal with ten pery-shiny scaling (Stonis et al., 2018d). Here, taxa new to the Colombian fauna, include on the basis of the abundantly collected mate­ the description of Stigmella foreroi sp. nov. rial, we provide photographic documentation and documentation of Manoneura basidactyla of the morphology of adults (Figs. 34–38), male discovered in Colombia for the first time. We genitalia, and female genitalia (Figs. 39–45) of also identified new host plants of Nepticu­ the Colombian sample. It is interesting that no lidae and Tischeriidae and registered a pest significan differences were noticed between of guava that appears to be significant from the Colombian series and specimens from other the taxonomic and ecological point of view. By countries (molecular studies of the material are adding ten new species to the fauna, we more in progress). than doubled the previously known number of Among seven Nepticulidae species col­ Nepticuloidae and Tischerioidea. Neverthe­ lected during the fieldwork in Valle del Cauca, less, the Colombian fauna of nepticuloids and four species were recognized as new taxa. Two tischerioids is still at the intial stage of study. new species, including the species on Gliricidia We hope that this survey of the newly- sepium, Fabaceae (Fig. 18), belong to the ge­ collected material will stimulate further stud­ nus Acalyptris Meyrick, the second diverse ies in this much-neglected country in respect and widespread Nepticulidae genus in the low­ to Nepticuloidea and Tischerioidea and will land habitats of the Neotropics (Stonis et al., build a more detailed account of the diversity in preparation). One discovered and probably of the Colombian leaf-mining insects. There is the most exotic new Nepticulidae species ap­ so much work for researchers. 76 Jonas R. Stonis, Andrius Remeikis, Sergio A. Vargas

Figs. 46, 47. The number of described species by country. 46 – Nepticulidae; 47 – Opostegidae and Tisch­ eriidae (Note: Neotropical countries not showed above have no published records on nepticuloids and tisch­ erioids)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS dad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia) for the stimu­ lus, scientific collaboration, his generous support The authors of the present paper are deeply in­ during the course of our studies on the Colom­ debted to Professor Dr. Igor Dimitri Forero bian Nepticuloidea and Tischerioidea, and also Fuentes, coordinator of Biological Collections for facilitating a permit to collect study mate­ (Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universi­ rial in the country. For the collecting permit, Colombian Nepticuloidea and Tischerioidea: a small step out of obscurity 77 we also thank Autoridad Nacional de Licencias 6. Johansson R, Nielsen ES, van Nieukerken EJ, Ambientales, Bogotá, Colombia. We are indebt­ Gustafsson B. The Nepticulidae and Opostegi­ ed to our field assistant Franklin Jesus Galindo dae (Lepidoptera) of North West Europe. Fau­ Meza (Cali) for his generous help during our na Entomol Scand 1990; 23(1/2): 1–739. fieldwork in Valle del Cauca. For the effort to 7. Kuznetzov VI, Puplesis R. Sem. Nepticulidae identify the host plants, we thank botanist Es­ (Stigmellidae) – moli-malyutki. In: Kuznetzov, teban Moreno (Jardín Botánico de Bogotá José VI, editor. Nasekomye i kleshchi – vrediteli Celestino Mutis, Bogotá Colombia) and Pro­ sel’skokhozyaistvennykh kul’tur. Cheshuekry­ fessor Liliana Katinas (División Plantas Vascu­ lye [Insects and mites – pests of agricultural lares, Museo de La Plata, Argentina). We would plants. Lepidoptera]. St. Petersburg: Nauka like to express our gratitude to Assoc. Professor Publishers 1994; 3(1): 12–23. Russian. Dr. Arūnas Diškus (Vytautas Magnus University, Vilnius, Lithuania), a member of the Biosystem­ 8. Meyrick E. Descriptions of South American atics Research Group, for permanent and inspir­ Micro-Lepidoptera. Trans Entomol Soc Lond ing scientific cooperation and the photograph 1915; 48(2): 201–56. provided in Fig. 3. This research was partially 9. Morrone JJ. Biogeographical regionalisation of funded by a grant (S-MIP-19-30) from the Re­ the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 2014; 3782(1): search Council of Lithuania. 1–110. 10. Morrone JJ. Biogeographical regionalisation Received 8 May 2019 of the Andean region. Zootaxa 2015; 3936(2): Accepted 17 May 2019 207–36. 11. Nieukerken EJ van, Doorenweerd C, Nishida K, References Snyers C. New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae 1. Colombia [Internet]. 2015. Wildlife Conserva­ (Lepidoptera). ZooKeys 2016; 628: 1–63. tion Society. Available from: http://www.wcs. 12. Puplesis R. Biodiversity. An introduction to org/where-we-work/latin-america/colombia. global animal and plant diversity Kaunas: aspx [retrieved 30 Jun 2019] Lututė Publishers, 2003: 154 p. Lithuanian. 2. Colombia – Country Profile [Internet]. 2015. 13. Puplesis R, Diškus A. The Nepticuloidea & Convention on Biological Diversity. Avail­ Tischerioidea (Lepidoptera) – a global review, able from: https://www.cbd.int/countries/ with strategic regional revisions. Kaunas: profile/default.shtml?country=co [retrieved Lututė Publishers; 2003. 512 p. 30 Jun 2019] 14. Puplesis R, Diškus A, Robinson GS. New 3. Davis DR. New leaf-mining moths of the fam­ Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from ily Nepticulidae from Florida. Fla Entomol the western Amazonian rainforest and the An­ 1978; 61(4): 209–24. des of Ecuador. Bull Nat Hist Mus Entomol 4. Davis DR. Manoneura, a new name to replace 2002a; 71(1): 19–58. the generic homonym Oligoneura Davis (Lep­ 15. Puplesis R, Diškus A, Robinson GS, Onore G. idoptera: Nepticulidae). Fla Entomol 1979; A review and checklist of the Neotropical 62(3): 276. Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera). Bull Nat Hist Mus 5. Diškus A, Stonis JR. Leaf-mining insects of Entomol. 2002b; 71(1): 59–76. Lithuania. The Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera): tax­ 16. Puplesis R, Robinson GS. A review of the Cen­ onomy, chorological composition and trophic tral and South American Nepticulidae (Lepi­ relationships. Kaunas: Lututė Publishers; 2012. doptera) with special reference to Belize. Bull 220 p. Lithuanian. Nat Hist Mus Entomol 2000; 69(1): 3–114. 78 Jonas R. Stonis, Andrius Remeikis, Sergio A. Vargas

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Jonas Rimantas Stonis, Andrius Remeikis, Sergio Andreas Vargas

KOLUMBIJOS GAUBTAGALVIAI (NEPTICU- LOIDAE) IR ŠERIUOTAŪSIAI (TISCHERIO- IDEA): MAŽAS ŽINGSNELIS LINK GERESNIO ŠIŲ ORGANIZMŲ TAKSONOMINĖS ĮVAIRO- VĖS SUVOKIMO

Santrauka Kolumbijoje, pasižyminčioje išskirtinai didele bio­ logine įvairove, iki šiol išaiškinta nedaug auga­ lus minuojančių Nepticuloidea ir Tischerioidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) rūšių. Šiame straipsnyje pirmą kartą publikuojami apibendrinti duomenys apie gaubtagalvius (Nepticulidae ir Opostegidae) ir šeriuotaūsius (Tischerioidea: Tischeriidae), ap­ tiktus 2019 m. ekspedicinių lauko darbų metu pietvakarių Kolumbijoje. Aprašoma mokslui nauja rūšis – Stigmella foreroi, priklausanti Nepticulidae šeimai. Vienas iš šio straipsnio tikslų – atkreipti dėmesį į vis dar menką Kolumbijos Nepticuloidea ir Tischerioidea ištyrimą bei paskatinti šios faunos tyrimus. Raktažodžiai: fauna, Kolumbija, naujos rūšys, augalų minuotojai, Nepticulidae, mažieji gaubtagal­ viai, Opostegidae, baltieji gaubtagalviai, Tischeriidae, šeriuotaūsiai