Towards Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management in the California Current System – Predators and the Preyscape: a Workshop
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Functional Responses of Fish Communities to Environmental Gradients in the North Sea, Eastern English Channel, and Bay of Somme Matthew Mclean
Functional responses of fish communities to environmental gradients in the North Sea, Eastern English Channel, and Bay of Somme Matthew Mclean To cite this version: Matthew Mclean. Functional responses of fish communities to environmental gradients in the North Sea, Eastern English Channel, and Bay of Somme. Ecology, environment. Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 2019. English. NNT : 2019DUNK0532. tel-02384271 HAL Id: tel-02384271 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02384271 Submitted on 28 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse de doctorat de L’Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale Ecole doctorale – Sciences de la Matière, du Rayonnement et de l’Environnement Pour obtenir le grade de Docteur en sciences et technologies Spécialité : Géosciences, Écologie, Paléontologie, Océanographie Discipline : BIOLOGIE, MEDECINE ET SANTE – Physiologie, biologie des organismes, populations, interactions Functional responses of fish communities to environmental gradients in the North Sea, Eastern English Channel, and Bay of Somme Réponses fonctionnelles des communautés de poissons aux gradients environnementaux en mer du Nord, Manche orientale, et baie de Somme Présentée et soutenue par Matthew MCLEAN Le 13 septembre 2019 devant le jury composé de : Valeriano PARRAVICINI Maître de Conférences à l’EPHE Président Raul PRIMICERIO Professeur à l’Université de Tromsø Rapporteur Camille ALBOUY Cadre de Recherche à l’IFREMER Examinateur Maud MOUCHET Maître de Conférences au CESCO Examinateur Rita P. -
Consumption Impacts by Marine Mammals, Fish, and Seabirds on The
83 Consumption impacts by marine mammals, fish, and seabirds on the Gulf of Maine–Georges Bank Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) complex during the years 1977–2002 W. J. Overholtz and J. S. Link Overholtz, W. J. and Link, J. S. 2007. Consumption impacts by marine mammals, fish, and seabirds on the Gulf of Maine–Georges Bank Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) complex during the years 1977–2002. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 83–96. A comprehensive study of the impact of predation during the years 1977–2002 on the Gulf of Maine–Georges Bank herring complex is presented. An uncertainty approach was used to model input variables such as predator stock size, daily ration, and diet composition. Statistical distributions were constructed on the basis of available data, producing informative and uninformative inputs for estimating herring consumption within an uncertainty framework. Consumption of herring by predators tracked herring abundance closely during the study period, as this important prey species recovered following an almost complete collapse during the late 1960s and 1970s. Annual consumption of Atlantic herring by four groups of predators, demersal fish, marine mammals, large pelagic fish, and seabirds, averaged just 58 000 t in the late 1970s, increased to 123 000 t between 1986 and 1989, 290 000 t between 1990 and 1994, and 310 000 t during the years 1998–2002. Demersal fish consumed the largest proportion of this total, followed by marine mammals, large pelagic fish, and seabirds. Sensitivity analyses suggest that future emphasis should be placed on collecting time-series of diet composition data for marine mammals, large pelagic fish, and seabirds, with additional monitoring focused on the abundance of seabirds and daily rations of all groups. -
A Review of Planktivorous Fishes: Their Evolution, Feeding Behaviours, Selectivities, and Impacts
Hydrobiologia 146: 97-167 (1987) 97 0 Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht - Printed in the Netherlands A review of planktivorous fishes: Their evolution, feeding behaviours, selectivities, and impacts I Xavier Lazzaro ORSTOM (Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement eri Coopération), 213, rue Lu Fayette, 75480 Paris Cedex IO, France Present address: Laboratorio de Limrzologia, Centro de Recursos Hidricob e Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Hidraulica e Sarzeamento, Universidade de São Paulo, AV,DI: Carlos Botelho, 1465, São Carlos, Sï? 13560, Brazil t’ Mail address: CI? 337, São Carlos, SI? 13560, Brazil Keywords: planktivorous fish, feeding behaviours, feeding selectivities, electivity indices, fish-plankton interactions, predator-prey models Mots clés: poissons planctophages, comportements alimentaires, sélectivités alimentaires, indices d’électivité, interactions poissons-pltpcton, modèles prédateurs-proies I Résumé La vision classique des limnologistes fut de considérer les interactions cntre les composants des écosystè- mes lacustres comme un flux d’influence unidirectionnel des sels nutritifs vers le phytoplancton, le zoo- plancton, et finalement les poissons, par l’intermédiaire de processus de contrôle successivement physiqucs, chimiques, puis biologiques (StraSkraba, 1967). L‘effet exercé par les poissons plaiictophages sur les commu- nautés zoo- et phytoplanctoniques ne fut reconnu qu’à partir des travaux de HrbáEek et al. (1961), HrbAEek (1962), Brooks & Dodson (1965), et StraSkraba (1965). Ces auteurs montrèrent (1) que dans les étangs et lacs en présence de poissons planctophages prédateurs visuels. les conimuiiautés‘zooplanctoniques étaient com- posées d’espèces de plus petites tailles que celles présentes dans les milieux dépourvus de planctophages et, (2) que les communautés zooplanctoniques résultantes, composées d’espèces de petites tailles, influençaient les communautés phytoplanctoniques. -
Predation of Juvenile Chinook Salmon by Predatory Fishes in Three Areas of the Lake Washington Basin
PREDATION OF JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON BY PREDATORY FISHES IN THREE AREAS OF THE LAKE WASHINGTON BASIN Roger A. Tabor, Mark T. Celedonia, Francine Mejia1, Rich M. Piaskowski2, David L. Low3, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Western Washington Fish and Wildlife Office Fisheries Division 510 Desmond Drive SE, Suite 102 Lacey, Washington 98513 Brian Footen, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe 39015 172nd Avenue SE Auburn, Washington 98092 and Linda Park, NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center Conservation Biology Molecular Genetics Laboratory 2725 Montlake Blvd. E. Seattle, Washington 98112 February 2004 1Present address: U.S. Geological Survey, 6924 Tremont Road, Dixon, California 95620 2Present address: Bureau of Reclamation, 6600 Washburn Way, Klamath Falls, Oregon 97603 3Present address: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington 98501 SUMMARY Previous predator sampling of the Lake Washington system focused on predation of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and little effort was given to quantify predation of Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). In 1999 and 2000, we sampled various fish species to better understand the effect that predation has on Chinook salmon populations. Additionally, we reviewed existing data to get a more complete picture of predation. We collected predators in three areas of the Lake Washington basin where juvenile Chinook salmon may be particularly vulnerable to predatory fishes. Two of these areas, the Cedar River and the south end of Lake Washington are important rearing areas. In these areas, Chinook salmon may be vulnerable because they are small and are present for a relatively long period of time. The other study area, Lake Washington Ship Canal (LWSC; includes Portage Bay, Lake Union, Fremont Cut, and Salmon Bay), is a narrow migratory corridor where Chinook salmon smolts are concentrated during their emigration to Puget Sound. -
The Relative Impacts of Native and Introduced Predatory Fish on a Temporary Wetland Tadpole Assemblage
Oecologia (2003) 136:289–295 DOI 10.1007/s00442-003-1251-2 COMMUNITY ECOLOGY Matthew J. Baber · Kimberly J. Babbitt The relative impacts of native and introduced predatory fish on a temporary wetland tadpole assemblage Received: 18 October 2002 / Accepted: 7 March 2003 / Published online: 24 April 2003 Springer-Verlag 2003 Abstract Understanding the relative impacts of predators tor-prey encounter rates, and thus predation rate. In on prey may improve the ability to predict the effects of combination with a related field study, our results suggest predator composition changes on prey assemblages. We that native predatory fish play a stronger role than C. experimentally examined the relative impact of native and batrachus in influencing the spatial distribution and introduced predatory fish on a temporary wetland am- abundance of temporary wetland amphibians in the phibian assemblage to determine whether these predators landscape. exert distinct (unique or non-substitutable) or equivalent (similar) impacts on prey. Predatory fish included the Keywords Fish assemblages · Functional relationships · eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), golden top- Larval anurans · Predation · Temporary wetlands minnow (Fundulus chrysotus), flagfish (Jordanella flori- dae), and the introduced walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The tadpole assemblage included four com- Introduction mon species known to co-occur in temporary wetlands in south-central Florida, USA: the oak toad (Bufo querci- Predators that occupy similar trophic positions may have cus), pinewoods treefrog (Hyla femoralis), squirrel distinct or equivalent effects on prey community dynam- treefrog (Hyla squirella), and eastern narrowmouth toad ics (Lawton and Brown 1993; Morin 1995; Kurzava and (Gastrophryne carolinensis). Tadpoles were exposed to Morin 1998). -
1 Stomach Content Analysis of the Invasive Mayan Cichlid
Stomach Content Analysis of the Invasive Mayan Cichlid (Cichlasoma urophthalmus) in the Tampa Bay Watershed Ryan M. Tharp1* 1Department of Biology, The University of Tampa, 401 W. Kennedy Blvd. Tampa, FL 33606. *Corresponding Author – [email protected] Abstract - Throughout their native range in Mexico, Mayan Cichlids (Cichlasoma urophthalmus) have been documented to have a generalist diet consisting of fishes, invertebrates, and mainly plant material. In the Everglades ecosystem, invasive populations of Mayan Cichlids displayed an omnivorous diet dominated by fish and snails. Little is known about the ecology of invasive Mayan Cichlids in the fresh and brackish water habitats in the Tampa Bay watershed. During the summer and fall of 2018 and summer of 2019, adult and juvenile Mayan Cichlids were collected via hook-and-line with artificial lures or with cast nets in seven sites across the Tampa Bay watershed. Fish were fixed in 10% formalin, dissected, and stomach contents were sorted and preserved in 70% ethanol. After sorting, stomach contents were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible and an Index of Relative Importance (IRI) was calculated for each taxon. The highest IRI values calculated for stomach contents of Mayan Cichlids collected in the Tampa Bay watershed were associated with gastropod mollusks in adults and ctenoid scales in juveniles. The data suggest that Mayan Cichlids in Tampa Bay were generalist carnivores. Introduction The Mayan Cichlid (Cichlasoma urophthalmus) was first described by Günther (1862) as a part of his Catalog of the Fishes in the British Museum. They are a tropical freshwater fish native to the Atlantic coast of Central America and can be found in habitats such as river drainages, lagoonal systems, and offshore cays (Paperno et al. -
Little Fish, Big Impact: Managing a Crucial Link in Ocean Food Webs
little fish BIG IMPACT Managing a crucial link in ocean food webs A report from the Lenfest Forage Fish Task Force The Lenfest Ocean Program invests in scientific research on the environmental, economic, and social impacts of fishing, fisheries management, and aquaculture. Supported research projects result in peer-reviewed publications in leading scientific journals. The Program works with the scientists to ensure that research results are delivered effectively to decision makers and the public, who can take action based on the findings. The program was established in 2004 by the Lenfest Foundation and is managed by the Pew Charitable Trusts (www.lenfestocean.org, Twitter handle: @LenfestOcean). The Institute for Ocean Conservation Science (IOCS) is part of the Stony Brook University School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences. It is dedicated to advancing ocean conservation through science. IOCS conducts world-class scientific research that increases knowledge about critical threats to oceans and their inhabitants, provides the foundation for smarter ocean policy, and establishes new frameworks for improved ocean conservation. Suggested citation: Pikitch, E., Boersma, P.D., Boyd, I.L., Conover, D.O., Cury, P., Essington, T., Heppell, S.S., Houde, E.D., Mangel, M., Pauly, D., Plagányi, É., Sainsbury, K., and Steneck, R.S. 2012. Little Fish, Big Impact: Managing a Crucial Link in Ocean Food Webs. Lenfest Ocean Program. Washington, DC. 108 pp. Cover photo illustration: shoal of forage fish (center), surrounded by (clockwise from top), humpback whale, Cape gannet, Steller sea lions, Atlantic puffins, sardines and black-legged kittiwake. Credits Cover (center) and title page: © Jason Pickering/SeaPics.com Banner, pages ii–1: © Brandon Cole Design: Janin/Cliff Design Inc. -
On the Spatial Structure of Coastal Circulation Off Newport, Oregon, During Spring and Summer 2001 in a Region of Varying Shelf Width P
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 110, C10S06, doi:10.1029/2004JC002769, 2005 On the spatial structure of coastal circulation off Newport, Oregon, during spring and summer 2001 in a region of varying shelf width P. Michael Kosro College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA Received 15 October 2004; revised 3 August 2005; accepted 23 August 2005; published 29 October 2005. [1] A time series of hourly surface current maps in the shelf waters off Newport, Oregon, was made during April–September 2001 using five SeaSonde HF current mappers, during Coastal Advances in Shelf Transport (COAST). The surface currents responded rapidly to the changing winds, in repeated patterns that were strongly affected by bottom topography. An equatorward current jet repeatedly formed in response to upwelling winds, its strength, but not its trajectory, covarying with the meridional wind stress. Near Cape Foulweather (44.8°N), where the shelf begins to widen, the jet rotates, weakens, and trends offshore to the south first along, then across, the isobaths. Below Cape Foulweather, inshore of the jet, a lee region of generally weak currents was commonly observed. The equatorward jet core was most commonly observed near the 80-m isobath between 45.0°N and 44.4°N, but transited offshore between spring and summer over Heceta Bank. At Newport (44.6°N), it was rarely observed less than 8 km from the coast. A second, inshore, equatorward jet, previously unknown, was observed repeatedly south of Waldport (44.4°N). Sustained downwelling wind episodes produced poleward currents, though less responsively north of Cape Foulweather. -
2.2 State Risk Assessment
Chapter 2: RISK ASSESSMENT | State Risk Assessment | Cultural Resources Summary » Wildfire 2.2 State Risk Assessment Requirement: 44 CFR §201.4(c)(2)(i): The risk assessment shall include… (i) An overview of the type and location of all natural hazards that can affect the State, including information on previous occurrences of hazard events, as well as the probability of future hazard events, using maps where appropriate; The spatial distribution of the facilities within hazard zones is not easily viewed on a statewide map. Therefore, maps depicting hazard zones and facilities within those zones have only been created at the regional scale. Those maps can be found in section 2.3, Regional Risk Assessments. Oregon Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan | September 2020 163 Chapter 2: RISK ASSESSMENT | State Risk Assessment | Coastal Hazards Summary » Wildfire 2.2.1 Coastal Hazards The Pacific Northwest (PNW) coast of Figure 2-29. Erosion at The Capes Oregon is without doubt one of the most Condominiums, Oceanside, Oregon dynamic coastal landscapes in North America, evident by its long sandy beaches, sheer coastal cliffs, dramatic headlands and vistas, and ultimately the power of the Pacific Ocean that serves to erode and change the shape of the coast. It is these qualities along with its various natural resources that have drawn people to live along its narrow shores. However, coastal communities are increasingly under threat from a variety of natural hazards that all come together along the coastal strip. These include wave-induced coastal erosion (both short and long term), wave runup and overtopping (wave-induced flood hazards), inundation Notes: The Capes, a multi-million dollar condominium of homes by wind-blown sand, coastal complex constructed on an old Holocene dune field landslides, earthquakes, and potentially adjacent to Oceanside. -
Conservation Strategies for Species Affected by Apparent Competition
Conservation Practice and Policy Conservation Strategies for Species Affected by Apparent Competition HEIKO U. WITTMER,∗ ROBERT SERROUYA,† L. MARK ELBROCH,‡ AND ANDREW J. MARSHALL§ ∗School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand email [email protected] †Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada ‡Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A. §Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A. Abstract: Apparent competition is an indirect interaction between 2 or more prey species through a shared predator, and it is increasingly recognized as a mechanism of the decline and extinction of many species. Through case studies, we evaluated the effectiveness of 4 management strategies for species affected by apparent competition: predator control, reduction in the abundances of alternate prey, simultaneous control of predators and alternate prey, and no active management of predators or alternate prey. Solely reducing predator abundances rapidly increased abundances of alternate and rare prey, but observed increases are likely short-lived due to fast increases in predator abundance following the cessation of control efforts. Sub- stantial reductions of an abundant alternate prey resulted in increased predation on endangered huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) deer in Chilean Patagonia, which highlights potential risks associated with solely reducing alternate prey species. Simultaneous removal of predators and alternate prey increased survival of island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) in California (U.S.A.) above a threshold required for population recovery. In the absence of active management, populations of rare woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) continued to decline in British Columbia, Canada. -
EA of Seismic Survey in the Northeastern Pacific
Final Environmental Assessment of a Low-Energy Marine Geophysical Survey by the R/V Roger Revelle in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, September 2017 Prepared for Scripps Institution of Oceanography 8602 La Jolla Shores Dr. La Jolla, CA 92037 and National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences 4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 725 Arlington, VA 22230 by LGL Ltd., environmental research associates 22 Fisher St., POB 280 King City, Ont. L7B 1A6 23 September 2017 LGL Report FA0114-2 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Figures .............................................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ v Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ vi List of Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................... viii I. Purpose and Need ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Mission of NSF................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose of and Need for the Proposed Action................................................................................... -
Ecosystem Science Capabilities Required to Support NOAA's
Ecosystem Science Capabilities Required to Support NOAA’s Mission in the Year 2020 S. A. Murawski and G. C. Matlock (editors) U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service – National Ocean Service NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-74 July 2006 Ecosystem Science Capabilities Required to Support NOAA’s Mission in the Year 2020 S. A. Murawski and G. C. Matlock (editors) NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-74 July 2006 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr., USN (Ret.) Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere National Marine Fisheries Service Dr. William T. Hogarth, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries National Ocean Service John H. Dunnigan – Assistant Administrator for Ocean Service Suggested Citations: Murawski, S.A., and G.C. Matlock (editors). 2006. Ecosystem Science Capabilities Required to Support NOAA’s Mission in the Year 2020. U.S. Dep. Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-F/SPO-74, 97 p. Individual sections: Carter, G., P. Restrepo, J. Hameedi, P. Ortner, C. Sellinger, J. Stein, and T. Beechie, 2006. Freshwater Issues. pp. 29-39. In: S.A. Murawski and G.C. Matlock (editors). Ecosystem Science Capabilities Required to Support NOAA’s Mission in the Year 2020. U.S. Dep. Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-F/SPO-74, 97 p. A copy of the report may be obtained from: National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology 1315 East-West Highway, 12th Floor Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 or National Ocean Service National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science 1305 East West Highway, Room 8110 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Or Online at: http://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/tm/ Overview: Commission on Ocean Policy’s report Ecosystem Science Capabilities (USCOP, 2004), and the Required to Support NOAA’s Administration’s response to that report in the U.S.