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Israel, Energía Creativa: 65 Años De Músicai

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Israel, Energía Creativa: 65 Años De Músicai Música israelí Israel, energía creativa: 65 años de músicai El presente artículo acompaña al DVD titulado “Israel: energía creativa: 65 años de música”, que incluye treinta y seis canciones de todos los tiempos y géneros musicales, cada una de las cuales aporta un especial matiz a la creación cultural israelí. Clásicos israelíes: Desde la creación del Estado de Israel, muchas composiciones musicales se convirtieron en lo que conocemos como "Clásica israelí". Es difícil señalar el preciso ingrediente que hace que una canción forme parte del universo de los "clásicos"... A continuación, presentamos tres temas que hemos decidido incluir dentro de esta categoría: “Uf Gozal” Arik Einstein (N° 29) “Uf Gozal” se ha convertido en una las canciones favoritas, por su letra simple y a la vez profunda, y p r o b a b l e m e n t e t a m b i é n p o r e l hecho de que Arik Einstein es su compositor y cantante. Los críticos de música en Israel han dicho “Arik Einstein es más que el mejor cantante israelí!” “Uf Gozal” trata sobre el envejecimiento y el abandono de los padres cuando los hijos crecen y dejan el nido, y las ganas que estos padres tienen, entre preocupación y tristeza, de verlos desplegar sus alas y volar. "Bat 60" de Guevatrón y Subliminal (N° 24) http://www.energia-creativa.com/bat-60-subliminal-y-guivatron- subtitulada-al-castellano/ "Bat Shishim" fue escrita con motivo del sexagésimo aniversario del kibutz Gueva, uno de los primeros kibutzim que se construyeron en el Valle Jezreel en 1921. La canción fue escrita por el grupo "Guevatrón", banda compuesta por los miembros del k ibutz, galardonada con el "Premio Israel". Sus canciones se han convertido en clásicos de la música israelí y representan la "Israel haiafá" (la Israel linda) de entonces. La cooperación con Subliminal, un grupo rapero joven y contemporáneo, convirtió a la canción en el himno del sexagésimo aniversario de Israel y acercó a "Guevatròn" al público joven. A las estrofas del tema tradicional se agregaron otras que describen el Israel actual, dando una mirada crítica, por un lado, y de esperanza y orgullo, por el otro. “Ein li Eretz Ajeret” Ninet Tayeb (N° 30) http://www.energia-creativa.com/ein-li-eretz-ajeret-no- tengo-otra-tierra-subtitulada-en-castellano/ Música israelí La canción “Ein li Eretz Ajeret” fue escrita por Ehud Manor. Manor, quien falleció en el año 2005, fue uno de los compositores más exitosos y más amados de Israel. En su frondosa obra, el compositor ha logrado expresar maravillosamente el contraste entre la bella y la “dolorosa” Israel. Ehud Manor fue galardonado con el “Premio Israel de la Canción Hebrea”. No tengo otra Tierra Aunque mi Tierra esté en llamas elegida como su canción favorita: Solo una palabra en hebreo penetra En mis venas, en mi alma Con el cuerpo dolorido, con el corazón hambriento, Esta es mi casa. No callaré, porque mi Tierra cambió su rostro No renunciaré a recordarla, Y cantaré en sus oídos Hasta que abra sus ojos Se trata de un poema que expresa un amor profundo e incondicional hacia la Tierra de Israel. Incluso cuando la situación es intolerable, no hay sustituto para ella. Este es el único hogar... en el que se habla hebreo, siendo este idioma el único que puede tocar la verdadera profundidad del alma. Sin embargo, el compositor cree que el país cambió su cara. Pero, por el amor intenso que él siente, no se contendrá, no estará bien consigo mismo, y no se dará por vencido hasta alcanzar su ideal. Ehud Manor afirmó en una entrevista que la canción fue escrita como una crítica a la impotencia, a la indiferencia, a la muerte innecesaria de muchos soldados durante la guerra… La obra fue considerada una canción de protesta contra la guerra del Líbano que tuvo lugar en ese momento y fue adoptada por los manifestantes contra la guerra. Con el correr de los años, la canción fue adoptada por grupos diversos del amplio espectro político, en tanto cada cual le dio a la letra su propia interpretación. Por ejemplo, fue utilizada por la derecha israelí durante el período de la retirada de Gaza en año 2005. Y por otro lado, la izquierda israelí adoptó la estrofa de la canción que recita " No callaré, porque mi Tierra cambió su rostro" y la convirtió en el lema de la protesta contra la política del gobierno israelí encabezada por Benjamin Netanyahu. Música oriental (Mizrajit) o mediterránea: La "Música oriental" (mizrajit) o conocida también como "Música Mediterránea", es el modo en que se denomina a la música israelí asociada con la tradición musical de los sefardíes. Este género está influenciado por la música árabe, yemenita, griega, turca y marroquí. D u r a n t e muchos años la "música oriental" ha sido discriminada y sufrió la arrogancia de otras culturas más afines con el "establishment" o clase dominante. Así, esta música no era reproducida por los medios de comunicación estatales y era menospreciada por los líderes culturales respecto a otros géneros. A partir de la década de los ´90, esta corriente comienza a penetrar en el "main stream" de la música israelí, y actualmente se reproduce en todas las estaciones de radio, y se ha convertido en protagonista central de toda pista de baile de muchas eventos en Israel. Entre las canciones adjuntas en el DVD hay muchas correspondientes a este género (Canciones N°: 2, 5, 12, 19, 23, 25, 33). "Mi Shemaamin", Eyal Golán ) http://www.energia-creativa.com/mi-she-maamin-el-que-tiene-fe- eyal-golan-subtitulado-en-castellano/ Eyal Golán es uno de los cantantes más exitosos de Israel. La mayoría de sus álbumes alcanzaron el disco de platino. Golán es el primer cantante de música o riental que ganó el título de "Cantante del año" en la radio, título al que se hizo acreedor ya siete veces. A él también se adjudicó el premio de "Cantante de la década" de Israel en 2009. La canción "Mi shemaamin" fue escrita por Yossi Gispan, uno de los escritores más populares de este género. En su letra, Gispan logró expresar la fe y la esperanza y llegó a los corazones de muchos convirtiendo a la canción en una especie de himno: Quien cree, no tiene miedo En perder la fe Y nosotros tenemos al Rey del mundo Él nos cuida a todos "Keshehalev bojé", Sarit Hadad (N°23) Sarit Hadad es una de las cantantes actuales más famosas de música oriental israelí. Sarit ha sido varias veces "Cantante del año" y en 2009 "Cantante de la década". Con 35 años de edad, ha sacado 22 álbumes. Es esto una prueba de su éxito y popularidad entre el público israelí, quien la ha legitimado como una figura nacional. Asimismo, Sarit fue seleccionada para desempeñarse como jueza en la versión Israelí del programa televisivo "The Voice". La canción "Keshehalev bojé", (Cuando el corazón llora), la escribió Yossi Guispan tras el asesinato de dos soldados israelíes reservistas, quienes por error entraron en Ramallah al comienzo de la segunda Intifada en el año 2002. La canción se ha convertido en un himno alcanzando gran difusión en todos los medios de comunicación. Esta canción significó un punto de inflexión en la carrera de Sarit Hadad y de Yossi Guispan. Música israelí "Balbelí o tó", Kobi Peretz (N°25) http://www.energia-creativa.com/balbeli-oto-confundelo- subtitulada-en-castellano/ Kobi Peretz es un cantante israelí de estilo oriental. Su canción “Balbelí otó” se convirtió en un gran hit, remarcando así el st atus que ha logrado este género dentro de la música israelí. “Confúndelo, no le pases cuenta, Confúndelo, hasta que no pueda dormir Confúndelo como me confundiste a mí Confúndelo, confúndelo” Canciones de Eurovisión Una vez al año, en la primavera europea, se celebra una competencia musical llamada "Eurovisión", a la cual asisten cantantes en representación de todos los países europeos y países invitados de otras regiones. Millones de espectadores asisten a la transmisión de esta competencia. Israel comenzó a participar en el Eurovisión en el año 1973, y desde entonces ha ganado el primer puesto tres veces: 1. En 1978, con la canción “Abani bi obó ebé” interpretada por Izhar Cohen. 2. En 1979, con la canción “Haleluya” interpretada por Gali Atari. 3. En 1998 con la canción "Diva" interpretada por Dana International. Desde hace años, el "Eurovisión" se considera un evento cultural importante y central, en el que los mejores creadores musicales compiten por el derecho de participar. En los últimos años, el impacto de este evento ha decrecido, sin embargo la participación en él aún da prestigio y orgullo. Debido al estilo particular de la competencia, y con el objeto de aumentar las posibilidades de ganar el concurso, las canciones deben ser muy pegadizas, con un mensaje claro, rítmicas y coloridas. A lo largo de los años se han escrito para la competencia canciones con contenido sionista- patriótico, y algunas de estas se han convertido en pilares de la cultura israelí. Entre las canciones que se encuentran en el DVD, hay varias que pertenecen a este género: N°: 3, 8, 9, 22, 27 y 31. Rock, Hip Hop, y Pop israelí La musical israelí refleja una cultura especial y única creada en Israel, que combina elementos de la liturgia judía, de las raíces orientales, de las bandas militares, etc. No obstante, la música israelí es también parte de la "aldea global" y, como tal, un porcentaje significativo de su creación actual es música pop / rock con melodías y letras que pueden ser escritas y/o interpretadas en cualquier otro país occidental, por cualquier otro intérprete.
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  • University of California, Santa Cruz Music Department
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