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For membership information, see: http://nebraskahistory.org/admin/members/index.htm Article Title: Scotts Bluff National Monument and the Coming of Television to the Nebraska Panhandle Full Citation: Phil Roberts, “Scotts Bluff National Monument and the Coming of Television to the Nebraska Panhandle,” Nebraska History 77 (1996): 21-29 URL of article: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/history/full-text/NH1996TVPanhandle.pdf Date: 4/10/2013 Article Summary: When a broadcasting company sought to build a television tower on top of the Scotts Bluff National Monument in 1954, the National Park Service refused the request. Television did come to the area the following year, when the company accepted a site without historical significance or striking scenery. Cataloging Information: Names: Tracy McCraken, John B Kendrick, Joseph C O’Mahoney, Frank Barrett, William C Grove, Conrad L Wirth, Lewis E Bates Place Names: Cheyenne, Wyoming; Scottsbluff, Nebraska Keywords: Tracy McCraken; Scotts Bluff National Monument; Joseph C O’Mahoney; Frank Barrett; William C Grove; Conrad L Wirth; Federal Communications Commission; KSTF-TV, Scottsbluff; translator stations; National Park Service; Lewis E Bates, Frontier Broadcasting Photographs / Images: Scotts Bluff National Monument; Tracy McCraken, President Truman, and US Senator Joseph O’Mahoney; inset advertisement by KSTF-Channel 10: “Coming Soon . TV,” Gering Courier, December 3, 1954; US Senator Frank Barrett with President Eisenhower; Tracy McCraken with some of his newspaper and television station employees; National Park Service Director Conrad L Wirth; inset advertisement by Frontier Broadcasting Co announcing that television transmissions were about to be tested in the Platte Valley, Gering Courier, March 4, 1955 ByPhil Roberts Until 1955 few Nebraska Panhandle commissioned by the company, con the election of Democrats. P. J. Kinney, homes had television sets. The nearest cluded, a Newcastle car dealer, furnished the station, KFBC-TV, was located nearly it is our belief that the proposed [transmit plant and Theodore Wanerus, a former one hundred miles to the southwest in ter] installation on Scotts Bluff National Kendrick aide, was named editor. Cheyenne, Wyoming, and provided only Monument is the only feasible and practi Wanerus, who edited the paper for al poor reception to the handful of North cal location for the dissemination of tele most a year, made the Eagle editorially vision to the Scotts Bluff area, which does Platte Valley television owners.! With not now enjoy television programming. respectable, but it remained a weak more than 50,000 people in the valley, competitor to the statewide, Republi however, it seemed inevitable that tele The report added that the site "would can-oriented daily, the Wyoming State vision broadcasting would come even not be obtrusive or in any way detract Tribune. s McCraken left Washington in tually. But potential viewers could from the Scotts Bluff National Monu October 1926 to take over the editorship hardly have predicted how its arrival ment as a recreation area or viewing of the Eagle, where he continued strong would pit local officials, the congres point." Following extensive engineering editorial support for Kendrick's fellow sional delegations of two states, and a studies, the company decided that Democrat, Governor Nellie Tayloe Ross. politically powerful Wyoming media placement of the tower on top of Scotts Even with the Eagle's support, however, company against the National Park Bluff would provide extensive coverage the first woman elected governor in any Service. of the North Platte Valley and even al state lost her bid for reelection that A decade earlier, Wyoming's con low the signal to reach to communities November. 3 gressional delegation had been bogged beyond. The elections over, McCraken con down in a fight with the National Park Frontier Broadcasting was controlled centrated on building up the business Service over creation of Jackson Hole by Cheyenne publisher Tracy McCraken. side of the operation, gradually gaining National Monument. In that case, local From the 1920s until his death in 1960, control of the Eagle from Kendrick and residents in Teton County convinced McCraken was a power in Wyoming from Kinney's heirs. Within a decade, the delegation that the monument inter publishing and politics. A native of Illi McCraken had built the Eagle into a fered with local economic activity. In nois, McCraken graduated from the Uni competitive daily, mostly through adver this new controversy, whose locale was versity of Wyoming in 1917 and became tising promotions and innovative sub just outside Wyoming's borders at the editor of the Laramie Boomerang. Later scription campaigns.6 It didn't hurt the opposite end of the state, historic pres he was private secretary to Governor paper's standing when Democrats were ervation was pitted against good televi William Ross, leaving that position to swept into office with the New Deal, in sion reception.2 serve in a similar capacity for Demo cluding McCraken's former colleague 4 In 1955 the Federal Communications cratic U.S. Senator John B. Kendrick. on Kendrick's staff, Joseph C. Commission approved an application Wyoming's capital city hap no news O'Mahoney, who became U.S. senator from Frontier Broadcasting Company of paper loyal to the Democrats when on Kendrick's death. The two men were Cheyenne, Wyoming, to build a televi Kendrick faced reelection in 1922. After to remain lifelong political allies. sion tower in Scotts Bluff County, Ne a successful campaign despite having While the Eagle remained rooted in braska. The company owned KFBC-TV, no press support in the capital city, the Cheyenne, the larger Tribune lost money the weak signals from which furnished wealthy Sheridan County cattleman, in the Depression years of the 1930s by the only television reception in the who owned other newspapers in the continuing as "Wyoming's statewide North Platte Valley. A technical report, state, decided to establish such an or newspaper." In 1939, following an own gan in Cheyenne. The result was the ership change which plunged the Wyo Phil Roberts is assistant professor ofhistory at Wyoming Eagle, first published May 28, ming State Tribune into deeper financial the University of Wyoming. 1925. It was a weekly designed to boost difficulties, McCraken rescued the older 21 Nebraska History - Spring 1996 Scotts Bluff Nallonal Monument, looking across the North Platte River to the southwest. Scotts Bluff National Monument McCraken's moves into the broadcast media which, unlike newspapers, were regulated by the Federal Communica tions Commission. Although the first radio broadcasting station opened in Wyoming in 1926 as a nonprofit operation in Laramie, com mercial radio began four years later in Casper. Oddly, it was another ten years before a radio station was started in the state capital. McCraken apparently failed to see the financial potential of ra dio broadcasting, and in October 1940 a young couple opened KYAN, a small ra dio station in Cheyenne. Almost imme diately, the McCraken newspapers felt the advertising heat generated by busi nesses captivated by the new media. Within three months, McCraken, through the help of his friends in the Wyoming congressional delegation, gained FCC approval for a competing station. KYAN didn't stand a chance. Six Tracy McCraken (lett). President Harry S. Truman, and U.S. Senator Joseph O'Mahoney. months after the McCraken-owned sta Wyoming State Museum tion went on the air, the older station daily and merged it into his growing me enne. At the same time, Republican went off the air. McCraken's station dia empire. Unlike the usual publisher, politicians knew who owned the Repub dominated the market for the next two however, McCraken opted not to lican paper in the state capital, provid decades.s change the editorial direction of the Tri ing McCraken with a unique political When television broadcasting began bune. It would remain Republican and situation. Partisans of both parties de gaining national attention in the early would consequently sew up a newspa pended on his editorial voice.7 The po 1950s, McCraken had learned his lesson per monopoly for McCraken in Chey litical connections set the stage for about new technologies. In 1954 he ob 22 Television in the Panhandle tained a television broadcast license for Gering Courier, December 3, 1954 Cheyenne even though the town had a population of less than 30,000 people. It was, by far, the smallest market in the II II1II United States to be granted its own Soon TV station.9 The station made little economic sense in such a small community. Con of t.he gtleat interest in the valley regarding TELEVISION, sequently, McCraken's company, Fron might !likt' a report regarding the progress being made tier Broadcasting, the owner of KFBC TV, opted to develop new markets through the use of "translator stations" the equtment has already been purchased: Within sixty to rebroadcast the flagship station's pro aftfr t~e start of its erection, weather pennitting, we gramming into homes far from the L~":V l~Ul". B,ecause a much greater area and population could signal's origin. Denver television sta be served if the tower isierected on the Monument it is hoped the National tions had already tied up the markets P~rk Service will soon fipPfove construction on that site.