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Women in Wyoming G Politics  Economics  Health  Rights  Demographics N I M O Y W Wyoming

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Women in Wyoming G Politics  Economics  Health  Rights  Demographics N I M O Y W Wyoming THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN WYOMING G POLITICS ECONOMICS HEALTH RIGHTS DEMOGRAPHICS N I M O Y W WYOMING Institute for Women’s Policy Research About The Status of Women in the States Project About the Institute for Women’s Policy Research This publication is one in a series of Status of Women in the States The Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR) is a reports by the Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR). Over scientifi c research organization dedicated to informing and the past ten years, The Status of Women in the States has become stimulating the debate on public policy issues of critical a leading source of analysis of women’s status across the country. importance to women and their families. IWPR focuses on Between 1996 and 2004, IWPR has produced individual reports on issues of poverty and welfare, employment and earnings, women’s status in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, as well as work and family, health and safety, and women’s civic and biennially updated reports on national trends across the states. political participation. The Status of Women in the States project is designed to inform The Institute works with policymakers, scholars, and public citizens about the progress of women in their state relative to women interest groups to design, execute, and disseminate research in other states, to men, and to the nation as a whole. The reports that illuminates economic and social policy issues affecting have three main goals: 1) to analyze and disseminate information women and families and to build a network of individuals about women’s progress in achieving rights and opportunities; 2) and organizations that conduct and use women-oriented to identify and measure the remaining barriers to equality; and 3) policy research. IWPR, an independent, nonprofi t, research to provide baseline measures and a continuing monitor of women’s organization also works in affi liation with the graduate progress throughout the country. programs in public policy and women’s studies at The George The Status of Women in the States reports have been used throughout Washington University. the country to highlight remaining obstacles facing women in IWPR’s work is supported by foundation grants, government the United States and to encourage policy changes designed to grants and contracts, donations from individuals, and improve women’s status. Data on the status of women give citizens contributions from organizations. Members and affi liates of the information they need to address the key issues facing women IWPR’s Information Network receive reports and information on and their families. a regular basis. IWPR is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization. About This Report Additional Copies This report is part of a set of The Status of Women in the States For copies of this report, the National Report, or reports for reports released in 2004. This set includes Women’s Economic Status any of the other states, please visit the IWPR website, use in the States; The Status of Early Care and Education in the States the order form at the end of this publication, or contact: and two accompanying state-level analyses of Wisconsin and New Mexico; 12 state-level Status of Women reports; and a national overview of women’s status across the country. Institute for Women’s Policy Research This report was produced with support from the Annie E. Casey 1707 L Street, Suite 750 Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the Levi Strauss Foundation, the Washington, DC 20036 Otto Bremer Foundation, and the Rockefeller Family Fund. IWPR Tel: (202) 785-5100 also received fi nancial support from funders and organizations Fax: (202) 833-4362 in the states: the Nokomis Foundation for The Status of Women in Michigan; the Women’s Foundation of Minnesota for The Status of www.iwpr.org Women of Color in Minnesota; the Women’s Foundation of Montana for The Status of Women in Montana; the Women’s Foundation of Oklahoma for The Status of Women in Oklahoma; and the Women’s Fund of the Greater Milwaukee Foundation for The Status of Women in Wisconsin. The data used in the report come from a variety of sources, primarily federal government agencies, although other organizations also provided data. While every effort has been made to check the $20.00 accuracy and completeness of the information presented, any errors IWPR # R278 are the responsibility of IWPR. Please do not hesitate to contact the ISBN # 1-933161-01-9 Institute with any questions or comments. Library of Congress Control Number: 2004114775 Institute for Women’s Policy Research 1707 L Street NW, Suite 750 Washington, DC 20036 www.iwpr.org Copyright 2004 by the Institute for Women’s Policy Research, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN WYOMING EDITED BY AMY B. CAIAZZA, PH.D., AND APRIL SHAW The Institute for Women’s Policy Research 1707 L Street NW, Suite 750 Washington, DC 20036 www.iwpr.org PREFACE Wyoming’s motto is the “Equality State” because of the rights women have traditionally enjoyed in the state. Wyoming women were the first in the nation to vote, serve on juries, and hold public office. In 1869, Wyoming’s territorial legislature became one of the first governments in the world to grant female suffrage by enacting a bill granting Wyoming women the right to vote. Less than three months after that act was signed into law, the “Mother of Women’s Suffrage in Wyoming,” Ester Hobart Morris, became the first woman ever to be appointed a justice of the peace. In 1870, Laramie, Wyoming, was the site for the first equal suffrage vote cast by a woman in the nation. In 1894, Estelle Reel Meyer was the first woman in the United States elected to state office, serving as Superintendent of Public Instruction, and, in 1924, Nellie Tayloe Ross was the first elected woman governor to take office in the United States. Mrs. Ross went on to become the first woman to be appointed Director of the U.S. Mint, a position she held for 20 years. Wyoming has had a glorious history of women sharing power and authority in this state. The present and near past is not quite so worthy of celebration. Wyoming holds the insupportable position of being last for pay equity for women out of 50 states and the District of Columbia for the past four years. Our health care and reproductive rights for women lag behind almost every other state. Wyoming women are more likely to commit suicide than women in other states. While our voter registration and turnout is quite high compared to other states, Wyoming falls behind other states in the number of women elected to state offices. Minority women are at an even greater disadvantage in the state, with access to income and availability of health and reproductive services even more limited to Indian and other minority women. Hispanic and Indian women are much more likely to live in poverty than white women in Wyoming. In order to make Wyoming truly the “Equality State,” we ask that strong efforts be made to close the wage gap between men and women in our state. We urge that the report’s recommendations be implemented to encourage women to run for office. In addition, educational attainment should be encouraged for all women, but especially for minority women. Increased investment in targeted health services by broadening the availability of health and reproductive care to more women in the state would give women more control over their overall economic, health, and social status by giving them more rights over their health and future. Wyoming is a grand and free place in which to live. We pride ourselves on our independence and ability to do more with less gov- ernment intervention or aid. But in some cases, this more for less attitude ends up being less for less, and women and their children are the ones who suffer. Wyoming claims to be the “Equality State”; it now needs to live up to that motto and provide women with the policies and programs that would benefit them and their families and ultimately all citizens of the state. Suzan Pauling, Chair Public Policy Analyst, Wyoming Coalition Against Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault State Advisory Committee for The Status of Women in Wyoming Institute for Women's Policy Research www.iwpr.org iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The success of The Status of Women in the States project can be attributed to the many staff members, allied groups, and devoted volunteers involved in producing, publicizing, and applying IWPR’s research. IWPR’s state partners are a crucial part of The Status of Women in the States project. In 2004, as in previous years, these dedicated women reviewed drafts of their own state’s Status of Women in the States report and took the lead on disseminating its findings. They also served on IWPR’s National Advisory Committee for the project. IWPR’s partners for this report are listed on the facing page. IWPR would also like to thank members of the National Advisory Committee (listed on the facing page) for their support and advice on the design, content, and outreach strategies of The Status of Women in the States project. Thanks also go to members of the project’s Data Advisory Group, including Jared Bernstein, Economic Policy Institute; Jorge del Pinal, U.S. Census Bureau; Roderick Harrison, Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies; Marlene Kim, University of Massachusetts, Boston; Sonia Perez, National Council of La Raza; Elena Silva, AAUW Educational Foundation; Matthew Snipp, Stanford University; Greg Squires, The George Washington University; and Peter Tatian, Urban Institute.
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