DESP/GTZ TRADITIONAL HOUSING_..N AGAM DESP/GTZ P LTC BUILDING CONSTRUCTON SECTION TRADITIONAL HOUSING IN AGAM Prepared by: Arch. Ahmad. A. B. With Collaboration of Eng. Yama. Peshawar 21st Oct 1992. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FOREWORD: PRESENTATION OF THE SURVEY INTRODUCTION CLIMATICAL SITUATION SEISMICITY OF THE AREA AVAILABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS TRADITIONAL HOUSES IN AGAM STUDY OF THE TRADITIONAL HOUSES FOUNDATION & WALL CONSTRUCTION CEILINGS, ROOFS AND DRAINS WALL PROTECTIONS OVER HANGS TRADITIONAL TYPES OF DOORS & WINDOWS STAIR WAYS ACCESS STORAGE FACILITIES STOVES & WELL BIBLIOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my deep gratitute to Mr. OLIVIER SCHERRER and Mr. LATIFY for their contribution to this report and to Mr. YAMA for his good partnership. Spcial thanks also to Mr. WILFRIED HERRICH for giving me the oportunity and the time to write this report. FOREWORD: This report is a collection of information about Nangarhar Province (Agam and Kudikhel districts) which shows the situation of thesettlement, life of the people, methods and techniques of the construction in this area. The main object of this reportis to present the traditional types of construction, the climatical, topographical conditions and the seismicity of the area. Knowing about these information will give us the opportunity to make proper designs for this area and to avoid of mistakes regarding types, size, technical problems of buildings etc. The survey data was collected on the basis of interviews and discussions with keymembers of the villages in the surveyed area. PRESENTATION OF THE SURVEY GTZ /DESP Domestic Energy Saving Project started its cross border activity in Dec. 1991. After various missions for needs assessments and negotiation, the residential building program was setup in Agam village /Khugyani District /Ningarhar province. Recently a survey team was assigned to conduct a technical mission in the projecttarget area. The survey was conducted from 26.04.92 upto 04.05.92. The main objective of the survey can be - stated as follows: 1. To study the stabilized bricks production unit in Agam. 2. To do a technical evaluation of the houses build with support of DESP. 3. To survey the traditional housing both inAgam and Kudi Khel. 4. To collect data in order to understand the seismicity of Agam and Kudi Khel. Based of these main topics, climatical conditions in both areas were also assessed. The program of the mission had been carefully prepared during a oneday preparation meeting with T.A. and S.H. in BMTRC, but time allocated to the survey was not enough compare to the work load necessary to achieve the objectives of the mission. In addition,to survey the traditional houses in regions like Agam andKudi Khel with respect to the traditional structure of Afghan society is not an easytask. To get the permission to enterinside the houses required a lot of talkwith the chief of each family. Though enough time was planned forthe completion of thereport, it wasn't possible to achieve it within duetime, because of participation in daily activities and involvement in other priority tasks. However, because of the abovementioned reasons we could not go as deep as we wanted, but it is hoped thatthis work can contribute to theobjectives of the project in a moderate way. The present report refers to thethird and fourth part of the terms of reference of the technical mission conducted in April /May 1992. -To survey the traditional housingboth in Agam and Rudi Rhel. -To collect data in order tounderstand the seismicity of Agam and RudiRhel. Note: The survey of traditionalhousing in Kudi Khel will be added later onto this document. A detailed analysis of theseismicity of Agam and Kudi Khel will bepublished separately. INTRODUCTION Nangarhar is one of the most important province of Afghanistan which is located in the eastern part of the country with an area of more than 18,000 km2. This province is surrounded in the west by Kabul province, in the north by Laghman and Kunar provinces and in the east and south Nangarhar shares a 250 km border with the Kunar, Khyber and Mohmand tribal agencies of Pakistan (NWFP). To the south is the Safid Koh mountain which reaches a height of 4,500 meters. Jalalabad is one of the fifth largest cities of Afghanistan with a population of 56000 (counted in 1979). The highway of Kabul to Peshawar is passing through this city with a length of 250 km. Most people living here are Pushtoons. The settlement in this area is composed of extended families. In Nangarhar province there is about 20 Woluswalies and Alaqadaries as follows: - Achin - Bati Kot - Behsud - Chaparhar - Dara -e -Noor - Kama - Khogyani - Dor Baba - Deh - Bela - Goshta - Hisarak - Kouz Kunar - Lalpur - Mohmandara - Nazian - Pachir -o -Agam - Sherzad - Surkh Road Reference Map 1 General Map of Afghanistan DAP4 DARWAZ U.S.S.R. SHIWA aANnnRYA HINA lot FAIZABAO PAMIR AOCHA KUNDUZ E r1t ' y,UELUKAN ( SHIBA KHANABAD 1 0AGHLAN 36- JB í MAIMANA RA- I - KHUMRI 1 y J SASCO IRAN AOMA JS CHARIKAR 2 . LAGHMAN RI . 60 75 PANJAB MAIDAN UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS N A Z A R LAKE BALANASN ARAL SEA CASPIAN SEA CHINA INDIA 32 ASi,u, 0le SYMBOLS IRAN Cities and towns S E I PAKISTAN More than 500,000 OUETTA 100,000- 150,000 50,000 -100,000 ZARE All others Paved roads Pt WON SUMMER - - Major unpaved roads Rivers International boundaries KABUL 400 800 O 50KM 100 The number of villages which was estimated by the Swedish committee in May 1992 is about 120. Khugyani is one of the important Woluswali in Nangarhar which is located in the West central part of the province with an areaof 5812 square kilometers. To the north is Surkh Road and in the East Chaparhar, in the South the Kurrain tribal agency of NWFP Pakistan. Most of the people of Khugyani are busy with their farming and the base of their economy is agriculture. The main agricultural products are wheat, maiz, rice, vegetables (onions, potatoes) fruit (pomegranates, apples, pears, plums, mull,berries, etc.) and poppy. Mainly the people have 6 -15 Jeribs land for agriculture. Agam has a smallbazaar named Meya Killay which comprises 10 to 15 shops. Timber harvestingprovides supplementary income for this area. Some people own mules, donkeys and other animals, which they hire out for transportation. Recently the local Shora and people had taken the decision not to cut trees and since ten years they didn't cut trees. Pachir -o -Agam is an alaqadari of Khugyani Woluswali, Pachir -o -Agam is constituted of some 16 villages and five of them have morethan 500 inhabitants. andthe number of families in Khugyani Woluswali is about 12080. NANGARHAR FRCIV7=NCE D=STR=CTS1137=V=S7=0N DARAE NOOR Konar Laghman SORKH ROD EHSUD KAMA GOSH TA Kabul H ESARAK KHOGInN I CHAPAR HA L AL PUR Logar SHIRZAD . RODA BATI KOT HMANDo DA RA Faktia PAC HIERDEH BALA .AC f;IN SHIN WARZ[ANDOR BABA Peshawar PROVINCE CAPITAL( JALAL ABAD Pakistan DISTRICT CENTER . o 4 z 4!, 47. - o r Based on the report which was prepared by the Swedish committee there is a total number of 110 villages. (district of Khugyani (82), Sherzad (19)and Pachir, Agam (17)). The road is destroyed completely and it is too difficult to pass this way during the rainy season. Distance from Agam to Jalalabad 37 km II " " " Kaga 24 km 11 11 II " Kudikhel to tatoo 18 km 11 11 11 " Kaga 31 km It n " " Jalalabad 65 km CLIMATICAL SITUATION This is a cold area of Nangarhar province. The cold season is from Dec. to Feb. and snow falling is also starting from Dec.There is no systematic snow falls during winter. Usually this area receives heavy rain falls which last from. Feb. to May. As onecanobserveon thepictures, people are using different techniques for protecting their houses from rain effects for example the use of over hangs on walls and also different types of peaks made of wood are common Table of climatical condition of Jalalabad 13cm Max. thickness of snow is the last ten years 26m /sec Max. velocity of wind in the last ten years 87% Max. Rational humidity 6% Min/ Rational humidity 87% Average of annual humidity 42.3C° Average of max. temperature of Hottest months 0.4C° Average of min temperature of coldest months 580m Highest altitude from Sea level Reference Map 5 Climate: Seasonal Distribution of Precipitation SYMBOLS Winter and spring only Additional rains in summer (monsoon) During the whole year AB MI BOO 0 50KM 100 200 400 Reference Map 7 Climate: Cool and Hot Regions 72 SYMBOLS J Zardsir -cool regions KABUL (-::: Garmsir -hot regions 0 50KM 100 200 40U 800 Reference Map 6 Climate: Dry Regions 72 SYMBOLS Moderately dry Extremely dry KABUL J SOKM 100 200 400 BUO ci) Reference Map 8 Climate: Winds U.S.S.R. RINA N SHIBA T 'AZ^AR-1 7 MAIMANA IRAN OULA-I RIVER -NAO HARIRUO KABUL HERAT JALALABA SOM:Vi ¡SOoN GARDEZ SI IINDAND it GHAZNI T ER P JO DILARAM ,P 2 DANDAHAR -. IRAN UM si 72 NOON 64 nSUMMER SYMBOLS EEWínÚE JfGEA, on IN Dry winds N;nNOIXNIirzn 5 KABUL Rain -bearing winds U 50KM 100 200 400 BOO SEISMICITY OF THE AREA Afghanistan is known as one of the most active seismic area of the world. "It occupies a portion of the broad trans - Asiastic seismic zone. This extended zone, nowknown as the Alpide Belt, stretches from the Azores in the Atlantic, through the northern mediterraneanareas of Europe, across Iran and Afghanistan, along the Himalayan Range into Burma, and down through the Indonesian Peninsula where it joins the circum pacificbelt, theother major seismic zone of the world ".