Associationism: Not the Cliff Over Which to Push Connectionism
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Imagination Bound: a Theoretical Imperative
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Philosophy Philosophy 2016 Imagination Bound: A Theoretical Imperative Robert Michael Guerin University of Kentucky, [email protected] Digital Object Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.13023/ETD.2016.017 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Guerin, Robert Michael, "Imagination Bound: A Theoretical Imperative" (2016). Theses and Dissertations-- Philosophy. 8. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/philosophy_etds/8 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Philosophy at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Philosophy by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. -
The Nature of Learning and Memory
Arlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D. 2 October 2017 1 • Life Without Memory (Clive Wearing) – Video Clive’s Diary “10:08 a.m.: Now I am superlatively awake. First time aware for years.” “10:13 a.m.: Now I am overwhelmingly awake.” “10:28 a.m.: Actually I am now the first time awake for years.” 10/2/2017 12:41 PM 2 • Genes determine the possible range. • Reflex actions, simple behaviors – Knee-jerk, swallow, suck, grip John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner 2 October 2017 3 • Experience (and memory of it) determines our individual differences and allows us to improve upon initial behaviors and reflexes. 2 October 2017 4 • How well can you read these sentences? The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. 2 October 2017 5 • Context and Expectations Group 1 Group 2 2 October 2017 6 Bugelski & Alampay (1961) 2 October 2017 7 Jastrow (1899) 2 October 2017 8 Kremen (2010) 2 October 2017 9 2 October 2017 10 2 October 2017 11 • Introspection, Logic, & Philosophy • Plato’s Aviary metaphor 2 October 2017 12 “other animals (as well as man) have memory, but … none … except man, shares in the faculty of recollection” • Observation and Data Theories • Contiguity, Frequency, Similarity • All knowledge is innate, • Memory The Republic – Replication of sensory perception – Passive re-perception • Familiarity? • Intuition and Logic • Reminiscence – Replaying an entire experience – Temporal contiguity • Recollection? 2 October 2017 13 Mind Body Cogito ergo sum Stimulus, Response (reflex arc) (Descartes, 1637) Like a machine/clock Animal “Spirits” flow Knowledge is mostly innate 2 October 2017 14 • Absolute Power of the Monarchy – Isaac Newton’s Light and Robert Boyle’s chemicals • Associationism (Green, Bitter/Sour vs. -
An Introduction to Late British Associationism and Its Context This Is a Story About Philosophy. Or About Science
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Late British Associationism and Its Context This is a story about philosophy. Or about science. Or about philosophy transforming into science. Or about science and philosophy, and how they are related. Or were, in a particular time and place. At least, that is the general area that the following narrative will explore, I hope with sufficient subtlety. The matter is rendered non-transparent by the fact that that the conclusions one draws with regard to such questions are, in part, matters of discretionary perspective – as I will try to demonstrate. My specific historical focus will be on the propagation of a complex intellectual tradition concerned with human sensation, perception, and mental function in early nineteenth century Britain. Not only philosophical opinion, but all aspects of British intellectual – and practical – life, were in the process of significant transformation during this time. This cultural flux further confuses recovery of the situated significance of the intellectual tradition I am investigating. The study of the mind not only was influenced by a set of broad social shifts, but it also participated in them fully as both stimulus to and recipient of changing conditions. One indication of this is simply the variety of terms used to identify the ‘philosophy of mind’ as an intellectual enterprise in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.1 But the issue goes far deeper into the fluid constitutive features of the enterprise - including associated conceptual systems, methods, intentions of practitioners, and institutional affiliations. In order to understand philosophy of mind in its time, we must put all these factors into play. -
272 Bibliography Abbreviations for Frequently Cited Works Analysis = Mill [1829] E&W = Bain [1859] EAP = Reid[1788/1969]
Bibliography Abbreviations for Frequently Cited Works Analysis = Mill [1829] E&W = Bain [1859] EAP = Reid[1788/1969] EIP = Reid [1785/1969] First Enquiry = “An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding” in Hume [1777/1975] Inquiry = Reid [1764/1997] Lectures = Brown [1828/1860] or Hamilton [1844/1877] (sense obvious in context) Observations, OM = Hartley [1749/1966] S&I = Bain [1855] Sketch = Brown [1820/1977] SSR = Kuhn [1962/1970] Treatise = Hume [1739-1740/1978] Section I: Primary Sources Allen, Grant, Physiological Aesthetics [Garland Publishing, 1877]. Bain, Alexander, The Senses and the Intellect [University Publications of America, 1855/1977]. Bain, Alexander, The Emotions and the Will [University Publications of America, 1859/1977]. Bain, Alexander, “The Early Life of James Mill” in Mind, 1(1), pp.97-116 [1876a]. Bain, Alexander, “The Life of James Mill” in Mind, 1(4), pp.509-531 [1876b]. Bain, Alexander, James Mill: A Biography [Augustus M. Kelley, 1882a/1967]. Bain, Alexander, John Stuart Mill: A Criticism with Personal Reflections [Longmans, Green and Co., 1882b]. Bain, Alexander, Autobiography [1904]. Barzellotti, Giacomo, “Philosophy in Italy” in Mind, 3(12), pp.505-538 [1878]. Berkeley, George, A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, Jonathan Dancy, ed. [Oxford University Press, 1710/1998] Brown, Thomas, Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind [Hallowell Glazer and Co., 1828]. 272 Brown, Thomas, Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind [William Tegg, 1828/1860 (20th Edition)]. Brown, Thomas, Sketch of a System of the Philosophy of the Human Mind [1820], reprinted in Significant Contributions to the History of Psychology, Series A: Orientations, Volume I, Daniel N. -
The History of Associationism and British Medical Psychology
THE HISTORY OF ASSOCIATIONISM AND BRITISH MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY by ROBERT HOELDTKE AT the beginning ofthe eighteenth century the time-honoured identification of mental disease with derangements of the humoral factors still prevailed. Another closely related, but less well known tradition localized diseases of the mind to specific mental faculties. Diseases ofthe imagination were thus distinct from diseases ofthejudgment, memory, or will. These ideas were based upon an implicit vitalism; i.e. the faculties were envisioned as free and active aspects of the mind in some way independent of the laws governing the material and biological world. Faculty psychology and its assumed vitalism are of particular importance to the present study since it was this school ofthought that the eighteenth century psychology of associations attempted to discredit. The complex history of this new approach is described in Warren's History ofAssociationism. Several distinct themes are present, the first and most fundamental element being John Locke's assertion that knowledge was based upon sensation. David Hume further developed this simple statement in his observation that the sensation of related objects became associated in the mind so that the subsequent sensation of only one of the related objects would bring about the recollection of the whole series. Finally Hartley explained associating sensation in terms of the Newtonian concepts of vibration and gravitation. In so doing he emphasized the materialistic flavour of the psychology, making it acceptable to the new science of physics, although still finding it possible to evade the charge of materialism. Despite this pious and ambivalent concession to the past, Hartley's thought represented a radical departure from the psychology of active faculties, which gradually became discredited by eighteenth-century physicians. -
Chapter 2 – Philosophical & Scientific Antecedents of Psychology
CHAPTER 2 – PHILOSOPHICAL & SCIENTIFIC ANTECEDENTS OF PSYCHOLOGY Dr. Nancy Alvarado The Dark and Middle Ages Images of the Dark Ages Why Were the Dark Ages Dark? The Roman Empire had preserved knowledge, but it collapsed and was overrun by Barbarians. Access to the accumulated knowledge was preserved in Muslim libraries but these were inaccessible because the West was mostly Christian. The Medieval Church discouraged literacy, free thought, and scientific inquiry beyond the revealed wisdom of clerics & church scholars (St. Augustine). With the Crusades, knowledge was rediscovered. Muslim Libraries were Rediscovered Black sea Launched by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095, the First Crusade was the most successful. Urban gave a dramatic speech urging Christians to swarm toward Jerusalem and make it safe for Christian pilgrims by taking it away from the Muslims. One View of the Dark Ages Science in the Dark Ages Hothersall – the historian Kemp asserts there was innovation and science during the Dark Ages: Stirrups used for the first time in war (600’s AD/CE). A biography of Charlemagne was published (800’s). Domesday Book (1086 survey done for King William I of England) recorded 6000 watermills in Britain. Windmill invented in 1180 (taxed by the Vatican). It would be odd if there were no progress at all, but this is not comparable to what was seen in Greece & Rome nor was learning cumulative. Medieval Period Population increased putting pressure on peasants. Landowners had the advantage, there was famine. th th 14 universities were established in 12 & 13 centuries, including Oxford & Cambridge. -
128 Dale E. Miller the Great Virtue of This Book Is That It Takes Seriously Mill's Utilitarianism. Too Many Accounts of Mill B
128 book reviews Dale E. Miller J.S. Mill: Moral, Social and Political Thought, (Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity), 252 pp. ISBN: 978-0-07456-2583-6 (hbk); 978-0-7456-2584-3 (pbk). Hardback/ Paperback: £ 55.00/15.99. The great virtue of this book is that it takes seriously Mill’s utilitarianism. Too many accounts of Mill’s thought have attempted to reinterpret Mill as anything but a utilitarian. This fashion was perhaps established by Isaiah Berlin’s account of Mill in ‘John Stuart Mill and the Ends of Life’, where Mill’s commit- ment to individual liberty is seen in terms of a retreat from the utilitarianism of Bentham and his father James Mill. Many studies of Mill take the view that, while his liberalism is to be applauded, his utilitarianism is to be regretted, and is, therefore, best written out of the account as something of an embarrass- ment. All this, presumably, is a result of the current obsession with intuition- ism and so-called deontological ethics (I say so-called since it was Bentham who invented the term ‘deontology’). Miller emphasizes the fact that Mill was never anything but a utilitarian throughout his career. He might have added that liberalism itself is a product of utilitarianism, and that this is something that contemporary liberals would do well to remember. Miller presents a philosophical reconstruction of Mill’s thought. He occa- sionally gives some historical context, for instance where Mill’s views might otherwise appear puzzling to the contemporary reader, but his main focus is on providing the best systematic account of Mill’s corpus, and on showing how it remains relevant to today’s debates and concerns, both theoretical and prac- tical. -
Hume's Central Principles
Hume’s Central Principles 2. Overview, Hume’s Theory of Ideas, and his Faculty Psychology Peter Millican Hertford College, Oxford An Integrated Vision ! We have seen how Hume’s investigation of the notion of causation brought together his interest in the Cosmological Argument for God’s existence, free will and the Problem of Evil, his opposition to aprioristic metaphysics (e.g. concerning mind and matter), and his view of human beings as part of the natural world, amenable to empirical investigation. ! Although there is historical evidence of his early interest in these things, they come together most clearly not in the Treatise itself (January 1739), but in the Abstract (autumn 1739) and the Enquiry concerning Human Understanding (1748) … 2 The Topics of the Abstract Introduction Associationism Probability Liberty and Necessity Copy Principle Sceptical Résumé Induction Idea of Necessity Belief Probability Personal Identity Passions 3 Geometry Overview (1) ! Starts from a theory of mental contents: impressions (sensations or feelings) and ideas (thoughts). ! Empiricist: all ideas are derived from impressions (and hence from experience) – Hume’s Copy Principle. ! Assumes a theory of faculties (reason, the senses, imagination etc.), in terms of which he expresses many of his main results. 4 Overview (2) ! Aims to deny that we have rational insight into things (and also – in his moral theory - that we are governed by reason). ! Relations of ideas / matters of fact –"roughly analytic / synthetic (but in the Treatise based on a theory of different kinds of relation) ! Demonstrative / probable reasoning –"roughly deductive / inductive 5 Overview (3) ! Induction presupposes an assumption of uniformity over time, which cannot be founded on any form of rational evidence. -
The Role of Ontology in the Just War Tradition
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Texas A&M University “THAT TRUTH THAT LIVES UNCHANGEABLY”: THE ROLE OF ONTOLOGY IN THE JUST WAR TRADITION A Dissertation by PHILLIP WESLEY GRAY Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2006 Major Subject: Political Science © 2006 PHILLIP WESLEY GRAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED “THAT TRUTH THAT LIVES UNCHANGEABLY”: THE ROLE OF ONTOLOGY IN THE JUST WAR TRADITION A Dissertation by PHILLIP WESLEY GRAY Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Cary J. Nederman Committee Members, Elisabeth Ellis Nehemia Geva J. R. G. Wollock Head of Department, Patricia Hurley December 2006 Major Subject: Political Science iii ABSTRACT “That Truth that Lives Unchangeably”: The Role of Ontology in the Just War Tradition. (December 2006) Phillip Wesley Gray, B.A., University of Dayton Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Cary J. Nederman The just war tradition as we know it has its origins with Christian theology. In this dissertation, I examine the theological, in particular ontological, presuppositions of St. Augustine of Hippo in his elucidation of just war. By doing so, I show how certain metaphysical ideas of St. Augustine (especially those on existence, love, and the sovereignty of God) shaped the just war tradition. Following this, I examine the slow evacuation of his metaphysics from the just war tradition. -
© 2015 Thomas Steven Highstead Immanuel Kant's Response to David Hume Regarding Cause and Effect by Thomas Steven Highstead A
Immanuel Kant’s Response to David Hume regarding Cause and Effect By Thomas Steven Highstead A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of: Master of Arts In Philosophy Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2015 Thomas Steven Highstead ii Abstract When David Hume could not experience the impression of a necessary connection in the constant conjunction of two events, he reasoned that the necessity inherent in such a relation was the result of a feeling or desire; a determination of the mind to connect one event to another. Immanuel Kant, on the other hand, argued that the idea of cause was an innate structure of thought that provided the objective validity to a causal relationship. I argue that Kant’s combination of sensible intuition and the faculty of thought provides a more comprehensive and objective explanation of how we understand the necessary connection between a cause and its effect. iii Acknowledgement There are two special people in my life for whom I owe a deep debt of gratitude for making this thesis possible. The first is my wife, Sheryll, whose encouragement and patience throughout this long process was steadfast. Besides being my life partner, she deigned to scrutinize my grammar, in an attempt to make my abstruse prose more accessible. The second person I wish to thank is my Supervisor, Dr. Melissa Frankel, whose patience, guidance, mentoring, and deep knowledge pushed me to produce a paper that is considerably better than if I was left to my own devices. -
Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding David Hume Copyright © Jonathan Bennett 2017. All rights reserved [Brackets] enclose editorial explanations. Small ·dots· enclose material that has been added, but can be read as though it were part of the original text. Occasional •bullets, and also indenting of passages that are not quotations, are meant as aids to grasping the structure of a sentence or a thought.—-The ‘volume’ referred to at the outset contained the present work, the Dissertation on the Passions and the Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, which were all published together.] First launched: July 2004 Last amended: January 2008 Contents Section 1: The different kinds of philosophy 1 Section 2: The origin of ideas 7 Section 3: The association of ideas 10 Section 4: Sceptical doubts about the operations of the understanding 11 Part 2.................................................................. 15 Section 5: Sceptical solution of these doubts 19 Part 2.................................................................. 22 Section 6: Probability 28 First Enquiry David Hume Section 7: The idea of necessary connection 29 Part 2.................................................................. 36 Section 8: Liberty and necessity 40 Part 2.................................................................. 48 Section 9: The reason of animals 53 Section 10: Miracles 55 Part 2.................................................................. 59 Section 11: A particular providence and a future state 69 Section 12: The sceptical philosophy 77 Part 2.................................................................. 81 Part 3.................................................................. 83 First Enquiry David Hume 1: Different kinds of philosophy Most of the principles and reasonings contained in this volume were published in a work in three volumes called A Treatise of Human Nature—a work which the author had planned before he left college, and which he wrote and published not long after. -
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
OXFORD WORLD’S CLASSICS DAVID HUME An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding Edited with an Introduction and Notes by PETER MILLICAN 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York Editorial material © Peter Millican 2007 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published as an Oxford World’s Classics paperback 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hume, David, 1711-1776 [Philosophical essays concerning human understanding] An enquiry concerning human understanding / David Hume; edited with an introduction and notes by Peter Millican.