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Iowa Darter Etheostoma Exile ILLINOIS RANGE
Iowa darter Etheostoma exile Kingdom: Animalia FEATURES Phylum: Chordata The Iowa darter averages about two and three- Class: Osteichthyes fourths inches in length. It is a brown or green- Order: Perciformes brown fish with eight to 10 dark marks on the back and 10 to 14 dark blotches on the side separated by Family: Percidae red spaces. There is a dark, teardrop mark under the ILLINOIS STATUS eye and a dark bar in front of the eye, as well as bars on the fins. The lateral line is short, extending to common, native about the second dorsal fin. There are two spines in the anal fin. The cheeks have scales. The breeding male has a blue tint to the back, green side blotches separated by rust-red spaces, wide bands of blue and orange in the first dorsal fin and orange along the lower sides. BEHAVIORS The Iowa darter may be found in glacial lakes in northeastern Illinois, a few streams in northern Illinois and a few limestone quarries in Vermilion County. It lives in clear lakes, sloughs and creeks that have many aquatic plants. In streams it can be found in quiet pools over a mud or clay bottom with dead material and brush. Spawning occurs in April in shallow water over roots, vegetation or debris. The young Iowa darter eats plankton, while the adult feeds on immature insects and small crustaceans. ILLINOIS RANGE © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. female © Konrad P. Schmidt, University of Minnesota male © Konrad P. -
AN ANALYSIS of SEXUAL DIMORPHISM in LENGTH and WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS of IOWA DARTERS Margaret a Harings Northland College, CB: 853 1411 Ellis Ave Ashland, WI 54806
AN ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN LENGTH AND WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS OF IOWA DARTERS Margaret A Harings Northland College, CB: 853 1411 Ellis Ave Ashland, WI 54806 ABSTRACT Iowa darters, Etheostoma exile, are commonly found throughout the Lake Superior watershed. However, given their abundance and non-game status, little is known about basic life history characteristics of these fish. Iowa darters were seined from Inch Lake (Bayfield County, WI) in May of 2010 and 2011 to assess sexual dimorphism in sizes. Collected fish were immediately frozen and later thawed and measured for total length (TL) and total weight (TW), and dissected to remove the gonads which were also weighed. Somatic weight (SW) was calculated for each fish. The mean TL of males and females did not differ. There was a weak difference in the relationships between log(TW) and log(TL) between male and female Iowa darters. There was a strong difference in the relationships between the log(GW) and log(TL) for males and females. However, a significant difference did not exist between log(somatic weight) and log(TL) between males and females. The weak difference in the TL-TW relationship between males and females appear to be due to the strong difference in the TL-GW relationship between the sexes. Additional research is planned to determine whether differences between males and females occur in age structure and diet. INTRODUCTION Iowa darters are small fish that are typically found in clear to slightly turbid, light brown water of small lakes, bogs, and small streams (Becker 1983). The range of Iowa darters extends east to New York, west to Montana, north to southern Canada, and south to portions of Illinois (Scott and Crossman 1973; Lee and Gilbert 1978). -
Biological Resources
BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES Wildlife The French Creek watershed contains a wealth of wildlife resources, both aquatic and terrestrial. There is an abundance of species of special concern, considered rare, threatened, or endangered in the state and in the nation, and also numerous game and non-game species. This amazing biodiversity leads to an enormous array of wildlife viewing and outdoor recreation opportunities. Perhaps more importantly, is the significance and importance this exceptional biodiversity places on conservation initiatives in the French Creek watershed. Terrestrial Mammals There are 63 extant species of mammals in the Commonwealth with another 10 species considered either uncertain or extirpated within Pennsylvania (Merritt, 1987). Fifty species of mammals have ranges that overlap with the French Creek watershed (Appendix F). No rare, threatened, or endangered mammals are listed for the French Creek watershed, although a few have general ranges that include the watershed. There have been unconfirmed reports of river otters (Lutra canadensis) seen on French Creek. These individuals, once common in the watershed, may be making their way back to French Creek due to reintroduction efforts in western New York and on the Allegheny River in Pennsylvania. Many of the mammals once common in the watershed and in other areas of the state have been lost due to the decline of large expanses of forested areas, these include the marten (Martes americana), fisher (Martes pennanti), and mountain lion (Felis concolor). The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus), woodchuck (Marmota monax), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), raccoon (Procyon lotor), muskrat (Ondatra zibethica), opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), and beaver (Castor canadensis), are some of the more common mammals found in the French Creek watershed (French Creek Project, web). -
Post-Drought Evaluation of Freshwater Mussel Communities
Post-drought evaluation of freshwater mussel communities in the upper Saline and Smoky Hill rivers with emphasis on the status of the Cylindrical Papershell (Anodontoides ferussacianus) Submitted to the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism by Andrew T. Karlin, Kaden R. Buer, and William J. Stark Department of Biological Sciences Fort Hays State University Hays, Kansas 67601 February 2017 1 Abstract The distribution of the Cylindrical Papershell (Anodontoides ferussacianus) in Kansas historically included a large portion of the state but is now seemingly restricted to the upper Smoky Hill-Saline River Basin in western Kansas. The species is listed as a “Species in Need of Conservation” within Kansas, and a survey conducted in 2011 emphasizing the status of the Cylindrical Papershell detected the species at low densities and relative abundances. Drought since the completion of the 2011 survey raised questions regarding the current status of the Cylindrical Papershell. The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the conservation status of the Cylindrical Papershell in Kansas and evaluate possible post-drought changes in the composition of freshwater mussel communities in the Saline and Smoky Hill rivers. Nineteen sites on the Saline River and 21 sites on the Smoky Hill River were qualitatively surveyed. Two and 5 of these sites on the Saline and Smoky Hill rivers, respectively, were also sampled quantitatively. Eighteen live Cylindrical Papershell, 7 in the Saline River and 11 in the Smoky Hill River, were collected. At qualitative sites surveyed in 2011 and 2015, significant decreases in species richness at each site and live Cylindrical Papershell abundance were documented, though overall abundance of live mussels per site remained similar. -
Minnesota Fishes: Just How Many Species Are There Anyway?
B Spring 2015 American Currents 10 MINNESOTA FISHES: JUST HOW MANY SPECIES ARE THERE ANYWAY? Jay Hatch Dept. of Postsecondary Teaching and Learning and James Ford Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota INTRODUCTION FIGURING OUT THE COUNT In terms of fish diversity, for a state at the northern edge and Were they ever really here? halfway between the east–west extremes of the contiguous On the surface, this one appears pretty simple, but it can USA, Minnesota doesn’t do badly. Of the five states and two cause way more gray hairs than you might think. For ex- Canadian provinces bordering it, only Wisconsin boasts as ample, what do you do if Minnesota’s ichthyological fore- many or more species. We (my fish biology colleagues and )I fathers—like Albert Woolman and Ulysses Cox—reported believe this is true, but counting species is not quite as easy species such as the Chestnut Lamprey (Icthyomyzon casta- as it seems. You’re asking: What could be easier? Just find out neus) from the Minnesota River basin or the Longnose Gar if a fish species swims in your lakes or streams, then count it, (Lepisosteus osseus) from the Red River of the North basin right? Well, as they used to say in the Hertz rental car com- (see Figure 1 for Minnesota’s 10 major basins), but no one mercial, “not exactly.” else has ever collected these species in those basins over the What kinds of issues lead to “not exactly?” Quite a few, last 120 years? Look at the specimens, right? Good luck; including the uncertainty of old or historical records, the they no longer exist. -
Iowa-Darter-Life-Minnesota.Pdf
9 American Currents Vol. 39, No. 3 A LIFE HISTORY STUDY OF MINNESOTA’S GREAT NORTHERNER: THE IOWA DARTER Jay T. Hatch Dept. of Postsecondary Teaching and Learning and James Ford Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota James D. Johnson Earth Science Department, St. Francis High School, St. Francis, MN in Canada and among the seven most widespread darter species in the United States. The Great Northerner also is highly variable in terms of its body shape and color. In Minnesota alone, males looking for mates might wear any one of at least three distinctly different colored suits (see page 11). Even its collection of genes is odd enough to make it hard to say who its closest relatives are. Finally, it is one of eight darter species known to inhabit lakes as well as streams. So, it is a bit surprising that only two popula- tions have been the subjects of detailed life history studies, one in Nebraska (Evans 1974) and one in Wyoming (Copes 1976, published in our very own American Currents). Vari- ous bits of information on about 17 additional populations scattered from Colorado to Ontario appear in a variety of published and unpublished works. In Minnesota, the Iowa Darter is one of our most com- mon and widespread fish species. It occurs in every major basin of the state, although it occurs less frequently in areas of intensive row-cropping (Figure 1). We became interested in this species back in the 1980s while studying the larval fishes of Lake Itasca, the official but incorrect headwaters of the mighty Mississippi River. -
Edna) Assay Leads to New Insights on Ruffe (Gymnocephalus Cernua) Spread in North America
Biol Invasions (2016) 18:3205–3222 DOI 10.1007/s10530-016-1209-z ORIGINAL PAPER A sensitive environmental DNA (eDNA) assay leads to new insights on Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua) spread in North America Andrew J. Tucker . W. Lindsay Chadderton . Christopher L. Jerde . Mark A. Renshaw . Karen Uy . Crysta Gantz . Andrew R. Mahon . Anjanette Bowen . Timothy Strakosh . Jonathan M. Bossenbroek . Jennifer L. Sieracki . Dmitry Beletsky . Jennifer Bergner . David M. Lodge Received: 7 July 2015 / Accepted: 27 June 2016 / Published online: 6 July 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Detection of invasive species before or the Great Lakes, we designed an eDNA surveillance soon after they establish in novel environments is study to target Ruffe at the putative leading edge of the critical to prevent widespread ecological and eco- invasion. We report a much more advanced invasion nomic impacts. Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveil- front for Ruffe than has been indicated by conven- lance and monitoring is an approach to improve early tional surveillance methods and we quantify rates of detection efforts. Here we describe a large-scale false negative detections (i.e. failure to detect DNA conservation application of a quantitative polymerase when it is present in a sample). Our results highlight chain reaction assay with a case study for surveillance the important role of eDNA surveillance as a sensitive of a federally listed nuisance species (Ruffe, Gymno- tool to improve early detection efforts for aquatic cephalus cernua) in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Using invasive species and draw attention to the need for an current Ruffe distribution data and predictions of improved understanding of detection errors. -
COSSARO Candidate Species at Risk Evaluation for Round Hickorynut, Obovaria Subrotunda
COSSARO Candidate Species at Risk Evaluation for Round Hickorynut, Obovaria subrotunda Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario (COSSARO) Assessed by COSSARO as Endangered Obovarie ronde (Obovaria subrotunda) L’obovarie ronde est une espèce de moule d’eau douce brun foncé qui tient son nom de sa forme arrondie. Les adultes sont relativement petits, atteignant une longueur d’environ 6 cm, et vivent attachés à des substrats de gravier et de sable dans les rivières et les zones de delta de lac peu profondes. Les adultes préfèrent un débit d’eau moyen pour leur permettre de filtrer les algues et les bactéries avec leurs branchies. Tout comme les autres espèces de moules d’eau douce, les larves vivent en parasite sur un poisson-hôte pendant une partie de leur développement. L’obovarie ronde se trouvait historiquement dans 12 États et dans la province de l’Ontario. La plupart des populations américaines sont en déclin et l’espèce est récemment disparue de deux États. L’obovarie ronde est disparue d’environ 90 % de son aire de répartition historique au Canada. Les populations des rivières Grand et Thames en Ontario sont disparues et la population de la rivière Sydenham est probablement près de disparaître. La menace la plus importante qui pèse sur les populations d’obovarie ronde est la moule zébrée, qui colonise les substrats et supplante les moules indigènes. La seule population importante de l’espèce qui reste au Canada se trouve dans une zone peu profonde du lac Ste-Claire près de l’île Walpole, bien qu’on ignore si cette population continue de se reproduire avec succès. -
Kansas Freshwater Mussels ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
APOCKET GUIDE TO Kansas Freshwater Mussels ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ By Edwin J. Miller, Karen J. Couch and Jim Mason Funded by Westar Energy Green Team and the Chickadee Checkoff Published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center Table of Contents Introduction • 2 Buttons and Pearls • 4 Freshwater Mussel Reproduction • 7 Reproduction of the Ouachita Kidneyshell • 8 Reproduction of the Plain Pocketbook • 10 Parts of a Mussel Shell • 12 Internal Anatomy of a Freshwater Mussel • 13 Subfamily Anodontinae • 14 ■ Elktoe • 15 ■ Flat Floater • 16 ■ Cylindrical Papershell • 17 ■ Rock Pocketbook • 18 ■ White Heelsplitter • 19 ■ Flutedshell • 20 ■ Floater • 21 ■ Creeper • 22 ■ Paper Pondshell • 23 Rock Pocketbook Subfamily Ambleminae • 24 Cover Photo: Western Fanshell ■ Threeridge • 25 ■ Purple Wartyback • 26 © Edwin Miller ■ Spike • 27 ■ Wabash Pigtoe • 28 ■ Washboard • 29 ■ Round Pigtoe • 30 ■ Rabbitsfoot • 31 ■ Monkeyface • 32 ■ Wartyback • 33 ■ Pimpleback • 34 ■ Mapleleaf • 35 Purple Wartyback ■ Pistolgrip • 36 ■ Pondhorn • 37 Subfamily Lampsilinae • 38 ■ Mucket • 39 ■ Western Fanshell • 40 ■ Butterfly • 41 ■ Plain Pocketbook • 42 ■ Neosho Mucket • 43 ■ Fatmucket • 44 ■ Yellow Sandshell • 45 ■ Fragile Papershell • 46 ■ Pondmussel • 47 ■ Threehorn Wartyback • 48 ■ Pink Heelsplitter • 49 ■ Pink Papershell • 50 Bleufer ■ Bleufer • 51 ■ Ouachita Kidneyshell • 52 ■ Lilliput • 53 ■ Fawnsfoot • 54 ■ Deertoe • 55 ■ Ellipse • 56 Extirpated Species ■ Spectaclecase • 57 ■ Slippershell • 58 ■ Snuffbox • 59 ■ Creek Heelsplitter • 60 ■ Black Sandshell • 61 ■ Hickorynut • 62 ■ Winged Mapleleaf • 63 ■ Pyramid Pigtoe • 64 Exotic Invasive Mussels ■ Asiatic Clam • 65 ■ Zebra Mussel • 66 Glossary • 67 References & Acknowledgements • 68 Pocket Guides • 69 1 Introduction Freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionacea) are a fascinating group of animals that reside in our streams and lakes. They are front- line indicators of environmental quality and have ecological ties with fish to complete their life cycle and colonize new habitats. -
Fish: Darters
FISH: DARTERS Since the late 1800s, there have been 104 different species of fishes found in the Minnesota River Basin. Over the past years, 12 of those species have not been seen for over 30 years and are believed to be extirpated (Schmidt and Proulx, 2007). The fishes live in a variety of habitats which include, “shallow lakes and low-gradient streams on the uplands flanking the Minnesota River valley, high-gradient streams where tributaries to the river descend into the valley, and the winding main stem of the Minnesota and floodplain lakes on the valley floor”(Schmidt and Proulx, 2007). Some fish biologists use Darters as indicators of water quality. The presence or absence of some species can tell experts about water quality. Historically 10 different species of Darters have been found in the Minnesota River Basin, but over the past few years, only 6 have been documented. The Crystal Darter has not been found since the 1960s, while the Johnny Darter is quite abundant. All Darters are about finger length or 2-3 inches. To learn more about Darters identified in this fact sheet “Peterson Field Guides: A Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes” by Lawrence M. Page and Brooks M Burr. Bell Museum: Fishes of Minnesota http://hatch.cehd.umn.edu/research/fish/fishes/Minnesota River Basin Data Center - http://mrbdc. mnsu.edu/ Rainbow Darter - Etheostoma caeruleum The Rainbow Darter is sensitive to pollution and silt. It spawns in clean gravel riffles from March to June and lives for about four years. Males can be identified by the 8-13 blue bands along the side of their body and anal fins Konrad Schmidt with an orange-reddish center surrounded by blue. -
Minnesota Fish Taxonomic Key 2017 Edition
Minnesota Fish Taxonomic Key 2017 Edition Pictures from – NANFA (2017) Warren Lamb Aquatic Biology Program Bemidji State University Bemidji, MN 56601 Introduction Minnesota’s landscape is maze of lakes and river that are home to a recorded total of 163 species of fish. This document is a complete and current dichotomous taxonomic key of the Minnesota fishes. This key was based on the 1972 “Northern Fishes” key (Eddy 1972), and updated based on Dr. Jay Hatch’s article “Minnesota Fishes: Just How Many Are There?” (Hatch 2016). Any new species or family additions were also referenced to the 7th edition of the American Fisheries society “Names of North American Fishes” (Page et al. 2013) to assess whether a fish species is currently recognized by the scientific community. Identifying characteristics for new additions were compared to those found in Page and Burr (2011). In total five species and one family have been added to the taxonomic key, while three have been removed since the last publication. Species pictures within the keys have been provide from either Bemidji State University Ichthyology Students or North American Native Fish Association (NANFA). My hope is that this document will offer an accurate and simple key so anyone can identify the fish they may encounter in Minnesota. Warren Lamb – 2017 Pictures from – NANFA (2017) References Eddy, S. and J. C. Underhill. 1974. Northern Fishes. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. 414 pp. Hatch, J. 2015. Minnesota fishes: just how many are there anyway? American Currents 40:10-21. Page, L. M. and B. M. Burr. 2011. Peterson Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico. -
Checklist of Kansas Fishes
CHECKLIST OF KANSAS FISHES From "A Checklist of the Vertebrate Animals of Kansas", second edition, 1999, by George Potts, Joseph Collins and Kate Shaw (Species marked with an asterisk * are extirpated from the wild in Kansas.) 142 Species REFERENCE: Fishes in Kansas, 2nd edition, 1995 By Frank Cross and Joseph Collins, KU Press Order of Lampreys (Petromyzontiformes) Family Petromyzontidae Chestnut Lamprey - Ichthyomyzon castaneus Order of Sturgeons and Paddlefish (Acipenseriformes) Family Acipenseridae Lake Sturgeon - Acipenser fulvescens Pallid Sturgeon - Scaphirhynchus albus Shovelnose Sturgeon - Scaphirhynchus platorynchus Family Polyodontidae Paddlefish - Polyodon spathula Order of Gars (Semionotiformes) Family Lepisosteidae Spotted Gar - Lepisosteus oculatus Longnose Gar - Lepisosteus osseus Shortnose Gar - Lepisosteus platostomus Order of Bowfins (Amiiformes) Family Amiidae Bowfin - Amia calva Order of Bony-tongued fishes (Osteoglossiformes) Family Hiodontidae Goldeye - Hiodon alosoides * Mooneye - Hiodon tergisus Order of Eels (Anguilliformes) Family Anguillidae American Eel - Anguilla rostrata Order of Herrings (Clupeiformes) Family Clupeidae Skipjack Herring - Alosa chrysochloris Gizzard Shad - Dorosoma cepedianum Threadfin Shad - Dorosoma petenense Page 1 of 5 Order of Carp-like fishes (Cypriniformes) Family Cyprinidae Central Stoneroller - Campostoma anomalum Goldfish - Carassius auratus Grass Carp - Ctenopharyngodon idella Bluntface Shiner - Cyprinella camura Red Shiner - Cyprinella lutrensis Spotfin Shiner - Cyprinella spiloptera