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Alactic Observer
alactic Observer G John J. McCarthy Observatory Volume 14, No. 2 February 2021 International Space Station transit of the Moon Composite image: Marc Polansky February Astronomy Calendar and Space Exploration Almanac Bel'kovich (Long 90° E) Hercules (L) and Atlas (R) Posidonius Taurus-Littrow Six-Day-Old Moon mosaic Apollo 17 captured with an antique telescope built by John Benjamin Dancer. Dancer is credited with being the first to photograph the Moon in Tranquility Base England in February 1852 Apollo 11 Apollo 11 and 17 landing sites are visible in the images, as well as Mare Nectaris, one of the older impact basins on Mare Nectaris the Moon Altai Scarp Photos: Bill Cloutier 1 John J. McCarthy Observatory In This Issue Page Out the Window on Your Left ........................................................................3 Valentine Dome ..............................................................................................4 Rocket Trivia ..................................................................................................5 Mars Time (Landing of Perseverance) ...........................................................7 Destination: Jezero Crater ...............................................................................9 Revisiting an Exoplanet Discovery ...............................................................11 Moon Rock in the White House....................................................................13 Solar Beaming Project ..................................................................................14 -
Alactic Observer Gjohn J
alactic Observer GJohn J. McCarthy Observatory Volume 5, No. 2 February 2012 Belly of the Beast At the center of the Milky Way galaxy, a gas cloud is on a perilous journey into a supermassive black hole. As the cloud stretches and accelerates, it gives away the location of its silent predator. For more information , see page 9 inside, or go to http://www.nasa.gov/ centers/goddard/news/topstory/2008/ blackhole_slumber.html. Credit: NASA/CXC/MIT/Frederick K. Baganoff et al. The John J. McCarthy Observatory Galactic Observvvererer New Milford High School Editorial Committee 388 Danbury Road Managing Editor New Milford, CT 06776 Bill Cloutier Phone/Voice: (860) 210-4117 Production & Design Phone/Fax: (860) 354-1595 Allan Ostergren www.mccarthyobservatory.org Website Development John Gebauer JJMO Staff Marc Polansky It is through their efforts that the McCarthy Observatory has Josh Reynolds established itself as a significant educational and recreational Technical Support resource within the western Connecticut community. Bob Lambert Steve Barone Allan Ostergren Dr. Parker Moreland Colin Campbell Cecilia Page Dennis Cartolano Joe Privitera Mike Chiarella Bruno Ranchy Jeff Chodak Josh Reynolds Route Bill Cloutier Barbara Richards Charles Copple Monty Robson Randy Fender Don Ross John Gebauer Ned Sheehey Elaine Green Gene Schilling Tina Hartzell Diana Shervinskie Tom Heydenburg Katie Shusdock Phil Imbrogno Jon Wallace Bob Lambert Bob Willaum Dr. Parker Moreland Paul Woodell Amy Ziffer In This Issue THE YEAR OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM ................................ 4 SUNRISE AND SUNSET .................................................. 11 OUT THE WINDOW ON YOUR LEFT ............................... 5 ASTRONOMICAL AND HISTORICAL EVENTS ...................... 11 FRA MAURA ................................................................ 5 REFERENCES ON DISTANCES ....................................... -
The Orbital Evolution of Asteroid 367943 Duende (2012 Da14) Under Yarkovsky Effect Influence and Its Implications for Collision with the Earth
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Special Issue on AASEC’2016, October (2017) 42 - 52 © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University THE ORBITAL EVOLUTION OF ASTEROID 367943 DUENDE (2012 DA14) UNDER YARKOVSKY EFFECT INFLUENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR COLLISION WITH THE EARTH JUDHISTIRA ARIA UTAMA1,2,*, TAUFIQ HIDAYAT3, UMAR FAUZI4 1Astronomy Post Graduate Study Program, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2Physics Education Department, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 229, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia 3Astronomy Research Division, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 4Geophysics & Complex System Research Division, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract Asteroid 367943 Duende (2012 DA14) holds the record as the one of Aten subpopulation with H 24 that had experienced deep close encounter event to the Earth (0.09x Earth-Moon distance) as informed in NASA website. In this work, we studied the orbital evolution of 120 asteroid clones and the nominal up to 5 Megayears (Myr) in the future using Swift integrator package with and without the Yarkovsky effect inclusion. At the end of orbital integration with both integrators, we found as many as 17 asteroid clones end their lives as Earth impactor. The prediction of maximum semimajor axis drift for this subkilometer-sized asteroid from diurnal and seasonal variants of Yarkovsky effect was 9.0×10-3 AU/Myr and 2.6×10-4 AU/Myr, respectively. By using the MOID (Minimum Orbital Intersection Distance) data set calculated from our integrators of entire clones and nominal asteroids, we obtained the value of impact rate with the Earth of 2.35×10-7 per year (with Yarkovsky effect) and 2.37×10-7 per year (without Yarkovsky effect), which corresponds to a mean lifetime of 4.25 Myr and 4.22 Myr, respectively. -
Cronología De Lanzamientos Espaciales 1
Cronología de lanzamientos espaciales 1 Cronología de Lanzamientos Espaciales Año 1966 Copyright © 2009 by Eladio Miranda Batlle. All rights reserved. Los textos, imágenes y tablas que se encuentran en esta cronología cuentan con la autorización de sus propietarios para ser publicadas o se hace referencia a la fuente de donde se obtuvieron los mismos. Eladio Miranda Batlle [email protected] Cronología del lanzamiento de misiones espaciales Contenido 1966 Enero 06.01.66 DMSP-3B F5 (OPS 2394) / 31.03.66 DMSP-3B F6 (OPS 0340) 1966- 001X 31.03.66 Luna 10 (E-6S #2) 07.01.66 DMSP 0714 07.01.66 Kosmos 104 (Zenit-2 #28) 19.01.66 KH-7 24 (OPS 7253) Abril OPS 3179 22.01.66 Kosmos 105 (Zenit-2 #29) 06.04.66 Kosmos 114 (Zenit-4 #17) 25.01.66 Kosmos 106 (DS-P1-I #1) 07.04.66 KH-4A 31 (OPS 1612) 08.04.66 Surveyor-SD 3 / Atlas Centaur 8 28.01.66 Transit-O 7 Transit 11 / 08.04.66 OAO 1 31.01.66 Luna 9 (E-6 #12) 19.04.66 KH-7 27 (OPS 0910) 20.04.66 Kosmos 115 (Zenit-2 #32) Febrero 22.04.66 OV3 1 25.04.66 Molniya-1 3 02.02.66 KH-4A 29 (OPS 7291) 26.04.66 Kosmos 116 (DS-P1-Yu #5) 03.02.66 ESSA 1 30.04.66 Luna 1966A 09.02.66 Samos-F3 5 (OPS 1439) /Ferret 8 10.02.66 Kosmos 107 (Zenit-2 #30) Mayo 11.02.66 Kosmos 108 (DS-U1-G #1) 15.02.66 KH-7 25 (OPS 1184) Bluebell 2C (OPS 3011) 04.05.66 1966-002X Bluebell 2S (OPS 3031) 04.05.66 KH-4A 32 (OPS 1508) 17.02.66 Diapason (D 1A) 06.05.66 Kosmos 117 (Zenit-2 #33) 19.02.66 Kosmos 109 (Zenit-4 #15) 11.05.66 Kosmos 118 (Meteor-1 #2) 21.02.66 Kosmos (110) (DS-K-40 #2) 14.05.66 KH-7 28 (OPS 1950) 22.02.66 Kosmos -
Hered in These Proceedings with the Aim to Keep Track of These Very Interesting Days
Proceedings of GAIA-FUN-SSO 2014 Third “Gaia Follow-up Network for Solar System Objects” Workshop held at IMCCE/Paris Observatory 2014, November 24 – 26 Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides Observatoire de Paris Legal Deposite – June 2015 ISBN 2-910015-73-4 Foreword The observation of Solar System Objects (SSO) by the Gaia space astrometry mission will be constrained by a scanning law. Much detection of interesting objects may occur with no possibility of further observations by the probe. These objects will then require complementary ground-based observations. Among them, previously unknown Near- Earth Objects, fast moving towards the Earth or going away from it could be found. Several objects discovered by Gaia could also be Inner-Earth Objects, as the probe will observe at rather low Solar elongations. In order to confirm from the ground the discoveries made in space and to follow interesting targets, a dedicated network is organized, the Gaia Follow-Up Network. This task is performed in the frame of the Coordination Unit 4 of the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC), devoted to data processing of specific objects. The goal of the network is to improve the knowledge of the orbit of poorly observed targets by astrometric observations on alert. This activity is coordinated by a central node interacting with the Gaia data reduction pipeline all along the mission. In 2010 and 2012, we had organized the first two workshops in order to initiate the network and to meet the participants. In 2014, almost one year after the launch of Gaia, we organize the third Gaia-FUN-SSO workshop in Paris in order to discuss further the coordination of the network of observing stations, to discuss the prelaunch training observations which have been performed and to prepare the network for the operating phase of the alert mode which must begin in 2015. -
Astrometry and Spectra Classification of Near Earth Asteroids with Lijiang
Astronomy and Astrophysics in the Gaia sky Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 330, 2017 A. Recio-Blanco, P. de Laverny, A.G.A. Brown c International Astronomical Union 2018 & T. Prusti, eds. doi:10.1017/S174392131700624X Astrometry and Spectra Classification of Near Earth Asteroids with Lijiang 2.4m Telescope† X. L. Zhang1,2,B.Yang1,2, and J. M. Bai1,2 1 Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650011, China email: [email protected] 2 Key Laboratory of the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650011, China Abstract. The Lijiang 2.4m telescope of Yunnan Observatories is located at longitude E100◦0151, latitude N26◦4232 and height 3250m above sea level (IAU code O44). Because of low latitude of the site, long-focus system and planetary tracking mode of telescope, high accuracy posi- tioning and spectral classification of the near Earth objects (NEAs) especially in the Southern Hemisphere can be studied with the Lijiang 2.4m telescope. As a set of observational campaigns organized by the GAIA-FUN-SSO, astrometry of several near Earth asteroids including (367943) Duende and (99942) Apophis were made with Lijiang 2.4m telescope during 2013. From Decem- ber 12, 2015, spectra of three near earth asteroids were also observed with the YFOSC terminal attached to the Lijiang 2.4m telescope. This paper will give the detailed introduction of Lijiaing 2.4m telescope and observational results of near Earth asteroids obtained with it. Keywords. methods: observational, techniques: astrometry, spectrum classification. 1. Introduction Knowledge of asteroids and comets, the relic of planet building blocks, directly sheds light on the formation of terrestrial planets, and the origin and evolution of the Solar System. -
An Innovative Solution to NASA's NEO Impact Threat Mitigation Grand
Final Technical Report of a NIAC Phase 2 Study December 9, 2014 NASA Grant and Cooperative Agreement Number: NNX12AQ60G NIAC Phase 2 Study Period: 09/10/2012 – 09/09/2014 An Innovative Solution to NASA’s NEO Impact Threat Mitigation Grand Challenge and Flight Validation Mission Architecture Development PI: Dr. Bong Wie, Vance Coffman Endowed Chair Professor Asteroid Deflection Research Center Department of Aerospace Engineering Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 email: [email protected] (515) 294-3124 Co-I: Brent Barbee, Flight Dynamics Engineer Navigation and Mission Design Branch (Code 595) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD 20771 email: [email protected] (301) 286-1837 Graduate Research Assistants: Alan Pitz (M.S. 2012), Brian Kaplinger (Ph.D. 2013), Matt Hawkins (Ph.D. 2013), Tim Winkler (M.S. 2013), Pavithra Premaratne (M.S. 2014), Sam Wagner (Ph.D. 2014), George Vardaxis, Joshua Lyzhoft, and Ben Zimmerman NIAC Program Executive: Dr. John (Jay) Falker NIAC Program Manager: Jason Derleth NIAC Senior Science Advisor: Dr. Ronald Turner NIAC Strategic Partnerships Manager: Katherine Reilly Contents 1 Hypervelocity Asteroid Intercept Vehicle (HAIV) Mission Concept 2 1.1 Introduction ...................................... 2 1.2 Overview of the HAIV Mission Concept ....................... 6 1.3 Enabling Space Technologies for the HAIV Mission . 12 1.3.1 Two-Body HAIV Configuration Design Tradeoffs . 12 1.3.2 Terminal Guidance Sensors/Algorithms . 13 1.3.3 Thermal Protection and Shield Issues . 14 1.3.4 Nuclear Fuzing Mechanisms ......................... 15 2 Planetary Defense Flight Validation (PDFV) Mission Design 17 2.1 The Need for a PDFV Mission ............................ 17 2.2 Preliminary PDFV Mission Design by the MDL of NASA GSFC . -
Observational Investigation of the 2013 Near-Earth Encounter By
Observational Investigation of the 2013 Near-Earth Encounter by Asteroid (367943) Duende Nicholas A. Moskovitz a, Conor James Benson b, Daniel Scheeres b, Thomas Endicott c, David Polishook d, Richard Binzel e, Francesca DeMeo e, William Ryan f, Eileen Ryan f, Mark Willman g, Carl Hergenrother h, Arie Verveer i, Tim Lister j, Peter Birtwhistle k, Amanda Sickafoose `;e;o, Takahiro Nagayama m, Alan Gilmore n, Pam Kilmartin n, Susan Bennechi o, Scott Sheppard p, Franck Marchis q, Thomas Augusteijn r, Olesja Smirnova r aLowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 (U.S.A) bUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305 cUniversity of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125 dWeizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St. Rehovot 7610001, Israel arXiv:1911.00609v1 [astro-ph.EP] 1 Nov 2019 eMassachusetts Institute of Technology, EAPS, Cambridge, MA 02139 f New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801 gInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720 hUniversity of Arizona, LPL, Tucson, AZ 85721 iPerth Observatory, Bickley, WA 6076 (Australia) Preprint submitted to Icarus 5 November 2019 jLas Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Goleta, CA 93117 kGreat Shefford Observatory, Berkshire (England) `South African Astronomical Observatory (South Africa) mKagoshima University (Japan) nUniversity of Canterbury, Mt John University Observatory, Lake Tekapo (New Zealand) oPlanetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719 pDepartment of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015 qSETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View CA 94043 rNordic Optical Telescope, La Palma (Spain) Copyright c 2019 Nicholas A. Moskovitz Number of pages: 50 Number of tables: 5 Number of figures: 12 2 Proposed Running Head: The 2013 Near-Earth Encounter of Asteroid Duende Please send Editorial Correspondence to: Nicholas A. -
Planetary Defense
NIAC (NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts) Phase 2 Study (2012 – 2014) An Innovative Solution to NASA's NEO Impact Threat Mitigation Grand Challenge and Flight Validation Mission Architecture Development Bong Wie (PI) Asteroid Deflection Research Center Iowa State University Brent Barbee (Co-I) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Graduate Students: Alan Pitz, Brian Kaplinger, Matt Hawkins, Tim Winkler, Pavithra Premaratne, George Vardaxis, Joshua Lyzhoft, Ben Zimmerman Asteroid Deflection Research Center Presented at NASA SBAG Meeting, January 6-7, 2015 Asteroid Deflection IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY 1 Research Center 2006 NEO Report by NASA 2010 NEO Report by NRC Asteroid Deflection Research Center IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Asteroid Deflection 2 Research Center 2006 NEO Report by NASA 2010 NEO Report by NRC Sufficient Warning Time for Deflection Asteroid Deflection Research Center IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Asteroid Deflection 3 Research Center Study Justification (1/2) 17 m (diameter) An Airburst of 17-m Chelyabinsk 10,000 tons Meteor on Feb. 15, 2013 18.6 km/s impact 440 kt of TNT (30 Hiroshima bombs) Airburst @23.3 km 1,500 people were injured; 7,200 buildings damaged What if it were a 17 m nickel-iron meteorite? Asteroid Deflection Research Center IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Asteroid Deflection 4 Research Center Study Justification (2/2) • Asteroid 2012 DA14 (367943 Duende), discovered on Feb. 23, 2012, had a close encounter with Earth (27,700-km near-miss) on Feb. 15, 2013. • What if the 30-m DA14 were predicted to collide with Earth with its impact damage of 150 Hiroshima nuclear bombs (or 2.3 Mt of TNT)? Asteroid Deflection Research Center IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Asteroid Deflection 5 Research Center Study Justification (2/2) • Asteroid 2012 DA14 (367943 Duende), discovered on Feb. -
Astrometry of Three Near Earth Asteroids with the Lijiang 2.4 M Telescope
Research in Astron. Astrophys. Vol.xx (20xx) No.XX, 000–000 Research in http://www.raa-journal.org http://www.iop.org/journals/raa Astronomy and Astrophysics Astrometry of three near Earth asteroids with the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope Xi-Liang Zhang1;2;3, Yong Yu3, Xue-Li Wang1;2, Chuan-Jun Wang1;2, Liang Chang1;2 Yu-Feng Fan1;2 and Zheng-Hong Tang3 1 Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), P. O. Box 110, Kunming 650011, China; [email protected] 2 Key Laboratory of the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 110, Kunming 650011, China 3 Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20030, China Received 2014 April 10; accepted 2014 June 27 Abstract Under the framework of the observational campaigns organized by the GAIA Follow Up Network for Solar System Objects (GAIA-FUN-SSO), three near Earth asteroids of (367943) Duende, (99942) Apophis and 2013 TV135 were observed with the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope of Yunnan Observatories. The software PRISM was used to calibrate the CCD fields and measure the positions of Apophis and 2013 TV135, and our own software was used to Duende. Comparison results have shown that, the ephemerides of INPOP10a and JPL are consistent for Apophis and 2013 TV135, however quite inconsistent for Duende. Moreover, we have found that the mean values of the system errors between the ephemerides of INPOP10a and JPL are about 7200 and ¡19900 in right ascension and declination respectively for Duende, and the ephemeris JPL is reliable with the means of O ¡ C (observed-minus- calculated) residuals in right ascension and declination about 2:7200 and 1:4900. -
Astrometry of Three Near Earth Asteroids with the Lijiang 2.4 M Telescope ∗
RAA 2015 Vol. 15 No. 3, 435–442 doi: 10.1088/1674–4527/15/3/010 Research in http://www.raa-journal.org http://www.iop.org/journals/raa Astronomy and Astrophysics Astrometry of three near Earth asteroids with the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope ¤ Xi-Liang Zhang1;2;3, Yong Yu3, Xue-Li Wang1;2, Chuan-Jun Wang1;2, Liang Chang1;2 Yu-Feng Fan1;2 and Zheng-Hong Tang3 1 Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650011, China; [email protected] 2 Key Laboratory of the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650011, China 3 Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20030, China Received 2014 April 10; accepted 2014 June 27 Abstract Under the framework of observational campaigns organized by the GAIA Follow Up Network for Solar System Objects, three near Earth asteroids, 367943 Duende, 99942 Apophis and 2013 TV135, were observed with the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope administered by Yunnan Observatories. The software package PRISM was used to calibrate the CCD fields and measure the positions of 99942 Apophis and 2013 TV135, and our own software was used for 367943 Duende. A comparison of the results show that the ephemerides of INPOP10a and JPL are consistent for 99942 Apophis and 2013 TV135, however, they are quite inconsistent for 367943 Duende. Moreover, we have found that differences between the mean values in the ephemerides of INPOP10a and JPL are about 7200 and ¡19900 in right ascension and declination respectively for 367943 Duende. Moreover, the ephemeris published by JPL is reliable in terms of the mean observed-minus-calculated (O ¡ C) residuals in right ascension and declination of about 2:7200 and 1:4900 respectively. -
Investigations of Asteroids in Pulkovo Observatory
INVESTIGATIONS OF ASTEROIDS IN PULKOVO OBSERVATORY A.V. DEVYATKIN, D.L. GORSHANOV, V.N. L'VOV, S.D. TSEKMEISTER, S.N. PETROVA, A.A. MARTYUSHEVA, V.Y. SLESARENKO, K.N. NAUMOV, I.A. SOKOVA, E.N. SOKOV, S.V. ZINOVIEV, S.V. KARASHEVICH, A.V. IVANOV, A.Y. LYASHENKO, S.A. RUSOV, V.V. KOUPRIANOV, E.A. BASHAKOVA, A.V. MELNIKOV Central Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo of Russian Academy of Sciences 65 Pulkovskoe Sh., 196140, St. Petersburg, Russia e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Observational Astrometry Laboratory and Ephemeris Provision Sector of Pulkovo Obser- vatory carry out a joint multipurpose research on asteroids belonging to various groups. Astrometric and photometric observations are done using ZA{320M and MTM{500M telescopes located at Pulkovo and in Northern Caucasus mountains, correspondingly. We obtain lightcurves that allow us to determine spin parameters and shapes of asteroids. Their color indices and taxonomy classes are derived from wideband ¯lter observations. Improvement of asteroid orbits is achieved by doing positional measurements. Orbital evolution of asteroids is modelled, taking into account also non-gravity forces, including light pressure and Yarkovsky e®ect. NEAs, as well as binary asteroids, take an important place in our investigations. Quasi-satellites of Venus, Earth, and Mars are new targets of our research, one of the examples being 2012 DA14 that approached Earth in early 2013; many MTM{500M observations of this asteroid were obtained around the date of approach. 1. TELESCOPES Observational Astrometry Laboratory of Pulkovo Observatory carries out observations with two small robotic telescopes. ZA{320M (D = 32 cm, F = 320 cm) is installed at Pulkovo observatory (Saint Petersburg).