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The Arian Controversy, Its Ramifications and Lessons for the Ghanaian Church
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 11ǁ November. 2013ǁ PP.48-54 The Arian Controversy, its Ramifications and Lessons for the Ghanaian Church IDDRISSU ADAM SHAIBU Department of Religion & Human Values, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast-Ghana ABSTRACT: The thrust of this paper is to explore the Arian controversy, the ramifications of decisions taken by the various councils on the body of Jesus Christ and the possible lessons that the Ghanaian Church can learn from these ramifications. This was done by reviewing literature on the Arian controversy. It came out that Arianism was condemned at the council of Nicaea. However, this did not end the controversy due to the inclusion of a word that was deemed unbiblical and the interferences of some Roman Emperors.The paper concludes that it is advisable that the church ought to have the capacity to deal with her internal problems without the support of a third party, especially those without any theological insight to issues of the Church. It seldom leads to cribbing, leads to negativity, breeds tension and sometimes fighting/civil war which then lead to destruction of lives and properties. I. THE GREACO-ROMAN WORLD Although, Christianity emerged in the Roman world, it matured in the world of Greek philosophy and ideas. The Greek world was one that paid much respect to philosophical sophistication. The Early Church was thus permeated and penetrated by this philosophical sophistication (Hellenism) (Weaver, 1987). The religion in its earliest form can be said to be a hellenistic movement that attracted hellenised people from different ethnic groups. -
Early-Christianity-Timeline.Pdf
Pagan Empire Christian Empire 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 1 AD Second 'Bishop' of Rome. Pupil of Student of Polycarp. First system- Bishop of Nyssa, brother of Basil. Pope. The Last Father of the Peter. Author of a letter to Corinth, atic theologian, writing volumi- Bishop of Original and sophisticated theologi- model of St Gregory the Church. First of the St John of (1 Clement), the earliest Christian St Clement of Rome nously about the Gospels and the St Irenaeus St Cyprian Carthage. an, writing on Trinitarian doctrine Gregory of Nyssa an ideal Scholastics. Polymath, document outside the NT. church, and against heretics. and the Nicene creed. pastor. Great monk, and priest. Damascus Former disciple of John the Baptist. Prominent Prolific apologist and exegete, the Archbishop of Constantinople, St Leo the Pope. Able administrator in very Archbishop of Seville. Encyclopaedist disciple of Jesus, who became a leader of the most important thinker between Paul brother of Basil. Greatest rhetorical hard times, asserter of the prima- and last great scholar of the ancient St Peter Judean and later gentile Christians. Author of two St Justin Martyr and Origen, writing on every aspect stylist of the Fathers, noted for St Gregory Nazianzus cy of the see of Peter. Central to St Isidore world, a vital link between the learning epistles. Source (?) of the Gospel of Mark. of life, faith and worship. writing on the Holy Spirit. Great the Council of Chalcedon. of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Claimed a knowledge and vision of Jesus independent Pupil of Justin Martyr. Theologian. -
The Importance of Athanasius and the Views of His Character
The Importance of Athanasius and the Views of His Character J. Steven Davis Submitted to Dr. Jerry Sutton School of Divinity Liberty University September 19, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I: Research Proposal Abstract .............................................................................................................................11 Background ......................................................................................................................11 Limitations ........................................................................................................................18 Method of Research .........................................................................................................19 Thesis Statement ..............................................................................................................21 Outline ...............................................................................................................................21 Bibliography .....................................................................................................................27 Chapter II: Background of Athanasius An Influential Figure .......................................................................................................33 Early Life ..........................................................................................................................33 Arian Conflict ...................................................................................................................36 -
THE TRINITY and the ARIAN CONTROVERSY by Donald E. Green Copyright © 2001 by Donald E. Green. Please Do Not Reproduce Witho
THE TRINITY AND THE ARIAN CONTROVERSY by Donald E. Green Copyright © 2001 by Donald E. Green. Please do not reproduce without written permission. 2 This page intentionally left blank. 3 GLOSSARY 1 Adoptionism. A Christological view that asserts that Jesus was a human being chosen by God to be elevated to divine sonship. As such, it denies His eternal deity. Arianism. A Christological view that asserts that the Son of God was the first of God’s creation. He is the highest of created beings and was made before the world began. As such, it denies His eternal deity. Apollinarianism. A Christological view that asserts that the divine Christ only took on human flesh, but not a human soul. The human soul was replaced by the Logos or Word. As such, it denies His full humanity. Homoousios . Doctrine that asserts that the Son is of the same substance of the Father. It places the Son on the same level as the Father as an uncreated being and thus affirms His eternal deity. Homoiousios . Doctrine that asserts that the Son is of a similar substance to the Father, but not the same as God. As such, it denies the full equality of the Son with the Father. Incarnation. Theological doctrine that asserts that the Second Person of the Trinity became a human being without giving up His deity. Peccable. With reference to Christ, the idea that He was able to sin. Sabellianism. A view of the nature of God that asserts that God is one being and one person, who takes on three different forms or manifestations at various times: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. -
Arianism, Athanasius, and the Effect on Trinitarian Thought
College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU School of Theology and Seminary Graduate Papers/Theses School of Theology and Seminary 5-2007 Arianism, Athanasius, and the Effect on Trinitarian Thought Andy Witchger College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/sot_papers Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Witchger, Andy, "Arianism, Athanasius, and the Effect on Trinitarian Thought" (2007). School of Theology and Seminary Graduate Papers/Theses. 24. https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/sot_papers/24 This Graduate Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Theology and Seminary at DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in School of Theology and Seminary Graduate Papers/Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Arianism, Athanasius, and the Effect on Trinitarian Thought By Andy Witchger A Paper Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Theology of Saint John’s University, Collegeville, Minnesota, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Church History. School of Theology St. John’s University Collegeville, MN May 2007 2 This Paper was written under the direction of ____________________________________________________ Miguel Diaz May 2007 3 Andy Witchger has successfully demonstrated the use of Greek in this paper. __________________________________________________________ Miguel Diaz May 2007 4 Arianism, Athanasius, and the Effect on Trinitarian Theology Description of the Project: An investigation into how Arius, Arianism, and the ensuing response by Athanasius influenced the development of Trinitarian thought in the early Church. -
TIMELINE of EARLY CHRISTIAN HISTORY: 100 AD to 800 AD C 100 St
TIMELINE OF EARLY CHRISTIAN HISTORY: 100 AD TO 800 AD c 100 St. John dies. End of Apostolic age 107 Ignatius of Antioch martyred 156 Polycarp martyred 161-180 Persecution of Christians increases under Marcus Aurelius c 165 Justin Martyr martyred c 180 Irenaeus of Lyon writes Against Heresies 184 Birth of Origen 250 Persecution of Christians under Decius 253 Death of Origen, shortly after suffering two years of imprisonment and torture 303-312 The Diocletian persecution – the Roman empire’s last, largest and bloodiest persecution of Christians 310 Armenia becomes the first country to adopt Christianity as its official religion. 312 Constantine, at the Battle of Milvian Bridge, experiences vision of the cross carrying the message, In Hoc Signo Vinces ("with this sign, you shall win") 313 Constantine issues the Edict of Milan, providing for the toleration of Christianity and Christians c 323 Eusebius of Caesarea completes Ecclesiastical History 325 First Council of Nicaea (the first ecumenical council) is convened by Constantine. Debate rages over whether Christ is of the "same substance" or "similar substance" to God. The position of Arius, that Christ was of “similar substance” (i.e., that he is a created being), is refuted. Nicene Creed is drawn up, declaring Christ to be "Begotten, not made; of one essence with the Father." 324 Constantinople becomes capital of the Roman Empire 349 Birth of John Chrysostom 354 Birth of Augustine of Hippo 367 Athanasius, in his annual festal letter to the churches of Alexandria, lists the 27 books he believed should constitute the New Testament 380 Theodosius issues the Edict of Thessalonica, declaring Nicene Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire 381 First Council of Constantinople is convened by Theodosius. -
Saint John Chrysostom's Preaching “Logotherapy” in the Face of Heresy of Anomoeanism
VOX PATRUM 34 (2014) t. 61 Rev. Andriy OLIYNYK* SAINT JOHN CHRYSOSTOM’S PREACHING “LOGOTHERAPY” IN THE FACE OF HERESY OF ANOMOEANISM St. John Chrysostom (349-407) made a huge impact on the development of theological doctrine and pastoral practice, acting during the period, which the researchers characterized as the blooming of patristic era preaching in the Christian East. Simultaneously, at the time a major crisis erupted in the Byzantine Church due to the rapid dissemination of various heresies in the East. St. John’s priest vocation takes place during the final stage of the Arianism heresy, which has quickly spread to Antioch in the form Anomoeanism, chal- lenging the divine nature of Christ. As a theologian, he battles with this heresy from the church’s pulpit. St. John’s preaching “logotherapy” was precisely the defence of the orthodoxy of teaching solely through the use of pastoral care: he uses dialogue with the listener to prove the unsoundness of heretical teachings and thus protect the spiritual life or restore it, and hence guard the integrity of faith of the entrusted to his pastoral care people. I. THE SOCIO-RELIGIOUS ENVIRONMENT OF ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM St. John came from the Syrian capital of Antioch, which was believed to be an important military and administrative centre of the Roman East. Here, Chrysostom was born in the year 349, grew up in a pious family and received a sound education first and foremost from the eminent master of philosophy, rhetoric and literature Libanius (314-395)1. The culture, customs and climate of Antioch in Syria had enormous impact on shaping the personality of St. -
Arianism in English Nonconformity, 1700-1750
Perichoresis Volume 17. Single Author Supplement 1 (2019): 21–36 DOI: 10.2478/perc-2019-0002 ARIANISM IN ENGLISH NONCONFORMITY, 1700-1750 DINU MOGA * Emanuel University of Oradea ABSTRACT. During the time of English Nonconformity, Arianism was not only embraced, but openly acknowledged by most of the Presbyterian ministers. That generation of ministers, who contended so zealously for the orthodox faith, had finished their labours, and received from their Lord a dismissal into eternal rest. Those champions among the laity who, at the begin- ning of the controversy, stood up so firmly for the truth, had entered as well into the joy of their Lord. Though their children continued Dissenters, too many of them did not possess the same sentiments or spirit. Among those who succeeded these ministers were too many who embraced the Arian creed. To this unhappy change contributed the example and conversation as well of many from the younger Presbyterian ministers. In consequence Arianism spread far and wide in the Presbyterian congregations, both among the ministers and the people. This unhappy controversy proved the grave of the Presbyterian congregations, and of those of the General Baptists. The effects of Arianism, though at first scarcely visible, gradually produced desolation and death. KEYWORDS: Arianism, controversy, nonconformity, creeds, consubstantiality Introduction The apostolic teaching about Christ was relatively simple. But what the apostle taught about Christ also contained ideas that some people found difficult to understand. While the history progresses after the time of the apostles, we learn that prior to the beginning of the fourth century all creeds and summaries of faith were local in character. -
Arianism 1 Arianism
Arianism 1 Arianism "Arian" redirects here. For other uses, see Arian (disambiguation). Not to be confused with "Aryanism", which is a racial theory. Part of a series of articles on Arianism History and theology • Arius • Acacians • Anomoeanism • Arian controversy • First Council of Nicaea • Lucian of Antioch • Gothic Christianity Arian leaders • Acacius of Caesarea • Aëtius • Demophilus of Constantinople • Eudoxius of Antioch • Eunomius of Cyzicus • Eusebius of Caesarea • Eusebius of Nicomedia • Eustathius of Sebaste • George of Laodicea • Ulfilas Other Arians • Asterius the Sophist • Auxentius of Milan • Auxentius of Durostorum • Constantius II • Wereka and Batwin • Fritigern • Alaric I • Artemius • Odoacer • Theodoric the Great Modern semi-Arians • Samuel Clarke • Isaac Newton • William Whiston Opponents • Peter of Alexandria • Achillas of Alexandria Arianism 2 • Alexander of Alexandria • Hosius of Cordoba • Athanasius of Alexandria • Paul I of Constantinople Christianity portal • v • t [1] • e Arianism is the theological teaching attributed to Arius (c. AD 250–336), a Christian presbyter in Alexandria, Egypt, concerning the relationship of God the Father to the Son of God, Jesus Christ. Arius asserted that the Son of God was a subordinate entity to God the Father. Deemed a heretic by the Ecumenical First Council of Nicaea of 325, Arius was later exonerated in 335 at the regional First Synod of Tyre,[2] and then, after his death, pronounced a heretic again at the Ecumenical First Council of Constantinople of 381. The Roman Emperors Constantius II (337–361) and Valens (364–378) were Arians or Semi-Arians. The Arian concept of Christ is that the Son of God did not always exist, but was created by—and is therefore distinct from—God the Father. -
Arianism the Heresy
Arianism The heresy Arianism was a 4th century heresy named after Arius (c.250-336), a presbyter in As stated above, Arius denied the full deity of the preexistent Son of God, the Logos who Alexandria, Egypt, who taught that the Son of God was not co-eternal and consubstantial became incarnate as our Lord Jesus Christ ("the Word (Jesus Christ) became flesh" John with His Father, but rather a created being with a definite origin in time. In Arius's words, 1:14 - NKJV). He held that the Son, while divine and like unto God, was created by God as "there was [a time] when he (the Son) was not." This led to the calling of the First the agent through whom He created the universe; thus that there was a time when the Son Ecumenical Council, which condemned it and its author and established the Orthodox "was not". doctrine of the Holy Trinity as taught by Arius's chief opponent, St. Athanasius the Great. Though it managed to hang on among some of the Goths and other Germanic tribes in the In explaining his actions against Arius, Alexander of Alexandria wrote a letter to West, Arianism had vanished by the seventh century. Alexander of Constantinople and Eusebius of Nicomedia (where the emperor was then residing), detailing the errors into which he believed Arius had fallen. According to Arianism should be clearly distinguished from "Aryanism", which formed the core of Alexander, Arius taught: Nazi racial ideology during the twentieth century, and which had nothing whatsoever to do with Arius or his teachings. -
Heresy and Heortology in the Early Church: Arianism and the Emergence of the Triduum
ministers of communion, musicians, and greeters can benefit from learning about how their liturgical roles serve as avenues and ways for divine grace to penetrate into the depths of the soul. Translating self psychological theories about ritual experience into accessible language, designed for those who wish to enrich their liturgical and spiritual life with psychological insight, is the next step. Self psychology retrieves psychoanalysis for fruitful and chal lenging insights into religious ritual experience. For the dialogue between psychoanalysts and ritualists to continue, self psycholo gists must be willing to don ritual masks in many religious rites in order to see and hear the world empathically as the worshipers in different traditions do. The self psychologist must be willing to join the ritual dance, knowing that one's partners in the dance become at deep levels extensions of one's self, even the self of the psychologist, as the dance unfolds in celebratory story. Martin F. Connell Heresy and Heortology in the Early Church: Arianism and the Emergence of the Triduum The Triduum, the three-day liturgy of Easter — from Holy Thurs day evening through Easter Sunday — has been so common an experience of the Christian liturgical year that it is difficult to imagine a time when the Triduum was not. But for at least the first three centuries of Christian worship, this annual celebration of Easter was only one rite, a single grand annual assembly of confessors, and soon-to-be confessors, embracing the life of God incarnate in Jesus Christ and in the members of the community. The theology of this unitive rite took in all aspects of the redemp tion wrought in the human life of the Son of God, from his con ception to his death and resurrection. -
The Theology of Arius Dr Anthony Mcroy
The Theology of Arius Dr Anthony McRoy EXPLODING CONSPIRACY The author later claims: 'Arius' intention was solely THEORIES ABOUT NICAEA to keep the teachings of Jesus pure and free from Introduction alteration .. .' By 'belief in One Reality', ur-Rahim is alleging that Arius had a unitarian concept of God In a previous article, examining the faith of equivalent to that held in Islam - that Arius was a Constantine, I observed that a frequent theme of kind of proto-Muslim. He presents no evidence in Islamic polemics and of Dan Brown's bestseller support of his claim as to Arius' motto (certainly, The Da Vinci Code was that the Trinitarian faith of there is no such 'motto' in Arius' extant writings or the Church and the Canon of the New Testament in contemporary accounts), and as for Paul, we shall were supposedly decided at the Council of Nicrea. see that Arius quoted approvingly from the Apostle. Brown's novel presents the villainous scholar called Sometimes analogies have been found between Teabing referring to the Nicene synod and claiming: Arius' teaching and that of the Jehovah's Witnesses: ' ... until that moment in history, Jesus was viewed 'Jesus clearly was a man, but he was unlike other by His followers as a mortal prophet ... a great and men in that previously he had been a spirit person, powerful man, but a man nevertheless. A mortal.' known in heaven as the Word. Then his life was Teabing goes on to claim that the Council miraculously transferred by God to the womb of established Jesus' divinity and position as 'Son of Mary.' However, there are important differences God'.