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Early-Christianity-Timeline.Pdf Pagan Empire Christian Empire 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 1 AD Second 'Bishop' of Rome. Pupil of Student of Polycarp. First system- Bishop of Nyssa, brother of Basil. Pope. The Last Father of the Peter. Author of a letter to Corinth, atic theologian, writing volumi- Bishop of Original and sophisticated theologi- model of St Gregory the Church. First of the St John of (1 Clement), the earliest Christian St Clement of Rome nously about the Gospels and the St Irenaeus St Cyprian Carthage. an, writing on Trinitarian doctrine Gregory of Nyssa an ideal Scholastics. Polymath, document outside the NT. church, and against heretics. and the Nicene creed. pastor. Great monk, and priest. Damascus Former disciple of John the Baptist. Prominent Prolific apologist and exegete, the Archbishop of Constantinople, St Leo the Pope. Able administrator in very Archbishop of Seville. Encyclopaedist disciple of Jesus, who became a leader of the most important thinker between Paul brother of Basil. Greatest rhetorical hard times, asserter of the prima- and last great scholar of the ancient St Peter Judean and later gentile Christians. Author of two St Justin Martyr and Origen, writing on every aspect stylist of the Fathers, noted for St Gregory Nazianzus cy of the see of Peter. Central to St Isidore world, a vital link between the learning epistles. Source (?) of the Gospel of Mark. of life, faith and worship. writing on the Holy Spirit. Great the Council of Chalcedon. of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Claimed a knowledge and vision of Jesus independent Pupil of Justin Martyr. Theologian. Bishop of Caesarea. Sup- Bishop of The Formation of Orthodoxy The Nicene Creed: The Defining Creed of Christianity John the to the disciples. Leader of the movement to the gentiles. Strongly anti-pagan author of a har- porter of Nicene Christianity Ravenna. Christian doctrine developed St Paul Author of at least 7 and perhaps 14 epistles. Critically Tatian monised version of the Gospels, the against Arianism, Sabellian- St Basil the Great Peter Chrysologus Renowned for over 700 years. Christianity We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of Against Gnosticism Baptist important writer, foundational to Christianity. Diatessaron. ism and Apollinarianism. his homilies. inherited from Judaism a stong heaven and earth, of all that is, seen and unseen. sense of monotheism, which it then struggled to reconcile with We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, Against the Ebionites 'Bishop' of Hierapolis. Student of 'Antipope'. Last western Bishop of Caesarea. First major Bishop of Jerusalem. the notions of the Son and the John the Apostle and Polycarp. writer to use Greek. historian of the church, preserving Renowned for his Holy Spirit in a tripartite God. eternally begotten of the Father, Against Arianism Witness to a now-lost oral tradi- St Papias Important polemicist Hippolytus extracts of many works now lost. Eusebius St Cyril of Jerusalem lectures to novitiates. The arguments between Jesus tion of the earliest Church. against heretics. Apologist. God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, different factions and positions were often violent and bloody. begotten, not made, Against Adoptionism Relative of Jesus and leader of the Jude- First significant theologian Bishop of Alexandria. Bitter opponent of Arianism. Author of the Bishop of Hippo. The last classical man and The eventual victors were those an Christians in Jerusalem. Author of one writing in Latin, and first to first comprehensive works of developed Orthodox theology. First the first medieval; a prolific writer and most who supported the Nicene of one Being with the Father. Against Arianism and Anomoeism St James the Just epistle. Faded into history after the col- expound on the Trinity. Later Tertullian to list precisely the books of the NT we use today as canon St Athanasius St Augustine influential of all the Fathers. A central figure Creed (325), as modified by Through him all things were made. For us and for our salvation lapse of the Judean Jesus movement. converted to Montanism. (367), but the list will be disputed for centuries. in Western thought. Former Manichaean. the Council of Constantinople Against Monophysitism and Adoptionism he came down from heaven: by the power of the Holy Spirit (381). he became incarnate from the Virgin Mary, and was made Author (?) of a Gospel with First self-conscious Chris- Bishop of Poitiers. Bishop of Milan. Champion of the The Creed stands as the very man. Gnostic tendencies, a document tian theologian and Latin theologian who church's interests against the empire. definition of Christian belief. St John the Apostle markedly different to the other Clement of Alexandria ethicist, a pioneer of wrote against the Hilary St Ambrose Major influence on church-state rela- For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered Against Docetism three (the synoptic gospels). Christian mysticism. Arians. tions through the Middle Ages. death and was buried. The State Against Dissenters On the third day he rose again in accordance with the 'Bishop' of Smyrna. Student of Prolific and brilliant Biblical theologian; writing phil- Author of the Vulgate, a Latin transla- After the emperor Constantine, Scriptures; he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right the apostle John, tutor of Ire- osophical, mystical, exegetical and scholarly works. tion of the Bible, and the definitive theological positions also hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the naeus, linking the apostolic St Polycarp Origen Most influential writer after Paul. First apologist to St Jerome edition until the Reformation. Also a became political ones. The living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end. generation to the next. Martyr. know Hebrew. Later condemned for Platonic views. polemicist and commentator. power of the state was used to We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who Added at the 1st Council Constantinople oppress or liberate individuals proceeds from the Father and populations. 'Bishop' of Antioch. Student of John. First to Rabbinic Judaism forms 'Golden-mouthed'. Bish- and the Son. The Filioque clause, possibly added in 410; use the terms 'Christianity', and 'heresy'. At- c. 200. With the writing of the Mishnah by Ju- op of Constantinople. St John The state first used its power to repudiated by the Eastern Orthodox; and disputed tests to Sunday as the Sabbath. Important St Ignatius dah haNasi, Rabbinic Judaism emerges as the Greatest preacher of the execute a heretic, Priscillian, in by Anglicans and other Protestants witness to early practices. Martyr. sole surviving faction of Second Temple Judaism. Fathers. Chrysostom 385. From that time forth, for the With the Father and the Son he is worshiped and glorified. He Against Semi-Arianism thousand and more years of has spoken through the Prophets. Jewish-Roman War Revolt of Bar-Kochba New Testament canon forming the Middle Ages, Christians 70. Romans destroy Jerusalem. The Jerusalem church 135. Romans crush the Judeans, who disperse through the 230. Origen seems to be working with Patriarch of Constantino- St Cyril with state power would We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We Against Montanism and Marcionism declines in importance, as do the other major Judaic empire. The Jerusalem church extinguished. Christianity the NT canon we have today. OT ple. Central figure at the persecute and kill Christians acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look sects: the Zealots, Essenes, Pharisees and Sadducees. separates definitively from Judaism. canon also finalised by this date. Council of Ephesus. of Alexandria with different theological for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to positions. come. Amen. Gnosticism material world. They were to be found throughout mainstream Manichaeism and to India and China; a syncretistic fusion Nestorianism Christian churches and communities, regarding themselves as of all the religions it encountered: Valentinians, Sethians, Elkesai, Barbelognostics elites with a hidden knowledge (gnosis) not available to their Mani 216-276 Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople 386-451 fellow worshippers. Bitterly opposed by many of the Church Good and evil are equally powerful, and Zoroastrianism, and many others. Christ had two natures and two persons. He was Rooted in Jewish apocalyptic thought and middle Platonism. A Fathers, going as far back as the Book of Acts. collection of diverse, syncretistic beliefs holding that humans are material things are evil. Possible influence on many medieval Manichaeism a moral union of two distinct beings. Christ the man died on the cross, but not Christ the divine. divine souls trapped in a material world created by an Modern Successors An important non-Christian religion movements such as the Cathars, imperfect or false god, the Demiurge, frequently identified with Albigensians, and Bogomils. The Virgin Mary may be described as Mormons. spreading from Iran to the Roman Empire, the Old Testament God. Gnostics rejected and vilified the Christotokos (Mother of Christ), but not Theotokos (Mother of God). Against Monophysitism. Gnosticism Apollinarian Monophysitism Ecumenical Position Ecumenical Position This sacrifices the reality and dignity of Apollinaris of Laodicea, died 390 Christ has two natures but one person. In time, The Tolerance of the Romans his humanity. What Christ has not assumed Nestorianism would have lead to Christ being Contrary to common opinion, the Roman empire was tolerant of all religions. It allowed Christ had one Nature, the Divine. Christ He has not healed; thus the noblest viewed as a mere man, although one inspired to complete freedom of belief, provided you gave token acceptance to the state cult of the had a human body and human emotions, portion of man is excluded from a superlative degree by the indwelling of the but his human rational mind was replaced emperor.
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