Taxonomy of Denisonia Punctata and Denisonia Fasciata (Serpentes: Elapidae) 327
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Raymond T. Hoser
32 Australasian Journal of Herpetology Australasian Journal of herpetology 11:32-50. Published 8 April 2012. ISSN 1836-5698 (Print) ISSN 1836-5779 (Online) THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS OF WEST AUSTRALIAN SNAKE AND EIGHT NEW TAXA IN THE GENERA PSEUDONAJA GUNTHER, 1858, OXYURANUS KINGHORN, 1923 AND PANACEDECHIS WELLS AND WELLINGTON, 1985 (SERPENTES: ELAPIDAE) RAYMOND T. HOSER 488 Park Road, Park Orchards, Victoria, 3134, Australia. Phone: +61 3 9812 3322 Fax: 9812 3355 E-mail: [email protected] Submitted 20 March 2012, Accepted 30 March 2012, Published 8 April 2012. ABSTRACT This paper defines and names new taxa from Australasia. The taxon Denisonia fasciata Rosen 1905, placed most recently by most authors in the genus Suta, is formally removed from that genus and placed in a monotypic genus formally named and described herein. Other taxa formally named and described for the first time include subspecies of the following; the broadly recognized species Pseudonaja textilis (known as the Eastern Brown Snake), P. guttata (Speckled Brown Snake) and P. affinis (Dugite), Oxyuranus scutellatus (Taipan) from Irian Jaya and western Papua as well as a second subspecies from north-west Australia and a hitherto unnamed subspecies of Panacedechis papuanus (Papuan Blacksnake) from the same general region. The newly named taxa are: Hulimkai gen. nov., Pseudonaja textilis cliveevatti subsp. nov., Pseudonaja textilis leswilliamsi subsp. nov., Pseudonaja textilis rollinsoni subsp. nov., Pseudonaja textilis jackyhoserae subsp. nov., Pseudonaja guttata -
Broad-Headed Snake (Hoplocephalus Bungaroides)', Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales (1946-7), Pp
Husbandry Guidelines Broad-Headed Snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides Compiler – Charles Morris Western Sydney Institute of TAFE, Richmond Captive Animals Certificate III RUV3020R Lecturers: Graeme Phipps, Jacki Salkeld & Brad Walker 2009 1 Occupational Health and Safety WARNING This Snake is DANGEROUSLY VENOMOUS CAPABLE OF INFLICTING A POTENTIALLY FATAL BITE ALWAYS HAVE A COMPRESSION BANDAGE WITHIN REACH SNAKE BITE TREATMENT: Do NOT wash the wound. Do NOT cut the wound, apply substances to the wound or use a tourniquet. Do NOT remove jeans or shirt as any movement will assist the venom to enter the blood stream. KEEP THE VICTIM STILL. 1. Apply a broad pressure bandage over the bite site as soon as possible. 2. Keep the limb still. The bandage should be as tight as you would bind a sprained ankle. 3. Extend the bandage down to the fingers or toes then up the leg as high as possible. (For a bite on the hand or forearm bind up to the elbow). 4. Apply a splint if possible, to immobilise the limb. 5. Bind it firmly to as much of the limb as possible. (Use a sling for an arm injury). Bring transport to the victim where possible or carry them to transportation. Transport the victim to the nearest hospital. Please Print this page off and put it up on the wall in your snake room. 2 There is some serious occupational health risks involved in keeping venomous snakes. All risk can be eliminated if kept clean and in the correct lockable enclosures with only the risk of handling left in play. -
An Investigation of the Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms
toxins Article Rapid Radiations and the Race to Redundancy: An Investigation of the Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms Timothy N. W. Jackson 1, Ivan Koludarov 1, Syed A. Ali 1,2, James Dobson 1, Christina N. Zdenek 1, Daniel Dashevsky 1, Bianca op den Brouw 1, Paul P. Masci 3, Amanda Nouwens 4, Peter Josh 4, Jonathan Goldenberg 1, Vittoria Cipriani 1, Chris Hay 1, Iwan Hendrikx 1, Nathan Dunstan 5, Luke Allen 5 and Bryan G. Fry 1,* 1 Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; [email protected] (T.N.W.J.); [email protected] (I.K.); [email protected] (S.A.A.); [email protected] (J.D.); [email protected] (C.N.Z.); [email protected] (D.D.); [email protected] (B.o.d.B.); [email protected] (J.G.); [email protected] (V.C.); [email protected] (C.H.); [email protected] (I.H.) 2 HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan 3 Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; [email protected] 4 School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; [email protected] (A.N.); [email protected] (P.J.) 5 Venom Supplies, Tanunda, South Australia 5352, Australia; [email protected] (N.D.); [email protected] (L.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-4-0019-3182 Academic Editor: Nicholas R. -
Brigalow Belt Bioregion – a Biodiversity Jewel
Brigalow Belt bioregion – a biodiversity jewel Brigalow habitat © Craig Eddie What is brigalow? including eucalypt and cypress pine forests and The term ‘brigalow’ is used simultaneously to refer to; woodlands, grasslands and other Acacia dominated the tree Acacia harpophylla; an ecological community ecosystems. dominated by this tree and often found in conjunction with other species such as belah, wilga and false Along the eastern boundary of the Brigalow Belt are sandalwood; and a broader region where this species scattered patches of semi-evergreen vine thickets with and ecological community are present. bright green canopy species that are highly visible among the more silvery brigalow communities. These The Brigalow Belt bioregion patches are a dry adapted form of rainforest, relics of a much wetter past. The Brigalow Belt bioregion is a large and complex area covering 36,400 000ha. The region is thus recognised What are the issues? by the Australian Government as a biodiversity hotspot. Nature conservation in the region has received increasing attention because of the rapid and extensive This hotspot contains some of the most threatened loss of habitat that has occurred. Since World War wildlife in the world, including populations of the II the Brigalow Belt bioregion has become a major endangered bridled nail-tail wallaby and the only agricultural and pastoral area. Broad-scale clearing for remaining wild population of the endangered northern agriculture and unsustainable grazing has fragmented hairy-nosed wombat. The area contains important the original vegetation in the past, particularly on habitat for rare and threatened species including the, lowland areas. glossy black-cockatoo, bulloak jewel butterfl y, brigalow scaly-foot, red goshawk, little pied bat, golden-tailed geckos and threatened community of semi evergreen Biodiversity hotspots are areas that support vine thickets. -
Threatened Reptiles of the Brigalow Belt Management Needs Knowledge
Threatened Reptiles of the Brigalow Belt Management Needs Knowledge Dr Simon Hudson, CEnvP EIANZ Threatened Species Forum, Townsville, 6 Sep 2013 Why Reptiles? Often a focus on charismatic megafauna – “iconic” (usually meaning furred or feathered) Many reptiles are also iconic Many are very poorly known Many species are cryptic and difficult to survey Present some special difficulties Threatened Brigalow Belt Reptiles # # Terrestrial reptiles (i.e. not freshwater turtles or saltwater crocodile) Common Name EPBC Act NC Act LIZARDS Retro slider EE five-clawed worm-skink VE collared delma VV yakka skink VV Darling Downs earless dragon E striped-tailed delma* V brigalow scaly-foot* V golden-tailed gecko NT SNAKES ornamental snake VV Dunmall’s snake VV grey snake E woma NT common death adder NT yellow-naped snake NT *De-listed from the EPBC Act in May 2013 The Brigalow Belt and the modelled distribution of the EPBC-listed Brigalow Belt reptiles. Source: SEWPAC 2011 Threatened Brigalow Belt Reptiles yakka skink, Egernia rugosa Dunmall’s snake, Furina dumalli brigalow scaly-foot, Paradelma orientalis ornamental snake, Denisonia maculata Photos by Stewart Macdonald: Used with permission. SEWPAC conditions Examples from recent EPBC approval conditions for large Qld projects Disturbance limits (ha) imposed on potential habitat for EPBC-listed threatened reptiles Common Name APLNG QCLNG GLNG Alpha Mine Alpha Rail brigalow scaly-foot 774.22 # 235 205.3 TBD* 189 yakka skink 73.44 343 119.9 8,152 812 Dunmall’s snake 262.49 - 205.3 ornamental snake - - 44.0 1,543 251* Retro slider TBD* TBD* collared delma - - 41.6 TOTAL PROJECT AREA 572,700 450,000 688,700 20,603 3,450 Values taken from EPBC approvals 2009/4974 (APLNG), 2008/4398 (QCLNG, including referral) and 2008/4059 (GLNG) and 2008/4648 (Alpha mine & rail). -
Some New Small-Eyed Snakes from Australia and New Guinea (Serpentes:Elapidae)
Australasian Journal of Herpetology 3 Australasian Journal of Herpetology 13:3-7. ISSN 1836-5698 (Print) ISSN 1836-5779 (Online) Published 30 June 2012. Some new small-eyed snakes from Australia and New Guinea (Serpentes:Elapidae). Raymond T. Hoser 488 Park Road, Park Orchards, Victoria, 3134, Australia. Phone: +61 3 9812 3322 Fax: 9812 3355 E-mail: [email protected] Received 12 March 2012, Accepted 8 April 2012, Published 30 June 2012. ABSTRACT The so-called Small-eyed Snakes from Australia and New Guinea, within the elapid tribe Sutini have had a checkered taxonomic history. Most described species have been shuf- fled between genera by authors sometimes with little apparent concern for rules of nomen- clature and priority. This paper sets out the appropriate genera for the group and species within, based on the relevant rules of the ICZN. Two well-known species that have not been formally described to date are named and diagnosed according to the Zoological Code. Likewise for a subspecies of another taxon. This paper also formally names the previously unnamed eastern subspecies of the Bardick Echiopsis curta. Keywords: Taxonomic revision; new species; Sutini; Cryptophis; Parasuta; Suta; Hulimkai; Rhinoplocephalus; Unechis; Echiopsis; nigrescens; assimilis; boschmai; nigrostriata; edwardsi; crutchfieldi; durhami; curta; martinekae. INTRODUCTION The so-called Small-eyed snakes within Australia have been identification manuals of the time period, including Cogger (1975 placed in various genera by various authors. They are known et. seq. to 2000), Cogger et. al. (1983), Hoser (1989), O’Shea from most parts of mainland Australia and Southern New (1996), Storr, Smith and Johnstone (1986, 2002), Wilson and Guinea. -
Code of Practice Captive Reptile and Amphibian Husbandry Nature Conservation Act 1992
Code of Practice Captive Reptile and Amphibian Husbandry Nature Conservation Act 1992 ♥ The State of Queensland, Department of Environment and Science, 2020 Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes permitted by the Copyright Act, reproduction by whatever means is prohibited without prior written permission of the Department of Environment and Science. Requests for permission should be addressed to Department of Environment and Science, GPO Box 2454 Brisbane QLD 4001. Author: Department of Environment and Science Email: [email protected] Approved in accordance with section 174A of the Nature Conservation Act 1992. Acknowledgments: The Department of Environment and Science (DES) has prepared this code in consultation with the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry and recreational reptile and amphibian user groups in Queensland. Human Rights compatibility The Department of Environment and Science is committed to respecting, protecting and promoting human rights. Under the Human Rights Act 2019, the department has an obligation to act and make decisions in a way that is compatible with human rights and, when making a decision, to give proper consideration to human rights. When acting or making a decision under this code of practice, officers must comply with that obligation (refer to Comply with Human Rights Act). References referred to in this code- Bustard, H.R. (1970) Australian lizards. Collins, Sydney. Cann, J. (1978) Turtles of Australia. Angus and Robertson, Australia. Cogger, H.G. (2018) Reptiles and amphibians of Australia. Revised 7th Edition, CSIRO Publishing. Plough, F. (1991) Recommendations for the care of amphibians and reptiles in academic institutions. National Academy Press: Vol.33, No.4. -
Article (Published Version)
Article Identifying the snake: First scoping review on practices of communities and healthcare providers confronted with snakebite across the world BOLON, Isabelle, et al. Abstract Background Snakebite envenoming is a major global health problem that kills or disables half a million people in the world’s poorest countries. Biting snake identification is key to understanding snakebite eco-epidemiology and optimizing its clinical management. The role of snakebite victims and healthcare providers in biting snake identification has not been studied globally. Objective This scoping review aims to identify and characterize the practices in biting snake identification across the globe. Methods Epidemiological studies of snakebite in humans that provide information on biting snake identification were systematically searched in Web of Science and Pubmed from inception to 2nd February 2019. This search was further extended by snowball search, hand searching literature reviews, and using Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers screened publications and charted the data. Results We analysed 150 publications reporting 33,827 snakebite cases across 35 countries. On average 70% of victims/bystanders spotted the snake responsible for the bite and 38% captured/killed it and brought it to the healthcare facility. [...] Reference BOLON, Isabelle, et al. Identifying the snake: First scoping review on practices of communities and healthcare providers confronted with snakebite across the world. PLOS ONE, 2020, vol. 15, no. 3, p. e0229989 PMID : 32134964 DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0229989 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:132992 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 PLOS ONE RESEARCH ARTICLE Identifying the snake: First scoping review on practices of communities and healthcare providers confronted with snakebite across the world 1 1 1 1,2 Isabelle BolonID *, Andrew M. -
The Ecological Impact of Invasive Cane Toads on Tropical Snakes: Field Data Do Not Support Laboratory-Based Predictions
Ecology, 92(2), 2011, pp. 422–431 Ó 2011 by the Ecological Society of America The ecological impact of invasive cane toads on tropical snakes: Field data do not support laboratory-based predictions 1 GREGORY P. BROWN,BENJAMIN L. PHILLIPS, AND RICHARD SHINE School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Abstract. Predicting which species will be affected by an invasive taxon is critical to developing conservation priorities, but this is a difficult task. A previous study on the impact of invasive cane toads (Bufo marinus) on Australian snakes attempted to predict vulnerability a priori based on the assumptions that any snake species that eats frogs, and is vulnerable to toad toxins, may be at risk from the toad invasion. We used time-series analyses to evaluate the accuracy of that prediction, based on .3600 standardized nocturnal surveys over a 138- month period on 12 species of snakes and lizards on a floodplain in the Australian wet–dry tropics, bracketing the arrival of cane toads at this site. Contrary to prediction, encounter rates with most species were unaffected by toad arrival, and some taxa predicted to be vulnerable to toads increased rather than declined (e.g., death adder Acanthophis praelongus; Children’s python Antaresia childreni). Indirect positive effects of toad invasion (perhaps mediated by toad-induced mortality of predatory varanid lizards) and stochastic weather events outweighed effects of toad invasion for most snake species. Our study casts doubt on the ability of a priori desktop studies, or short-term field surveys, to predict or document the ecological impact of invasive species. -
Secretary of State's Standards of Modern Zoo Practice (Made Under Section 9 of the Zoo Licensing Act 1981)
www.defra.gov.uk Secretary of State’s Standards of Modern Zoo Practice Secretary of State’s Standards of Modern Zoo Practice © Crown copyright 2012 You may re-use this information (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or e-mail: [email protected] This document/publication is also available on our website at: http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-pets/zoos/ Any enquiries regarding this document/publication should be sent to us at: Zoos Branch, Wildlife Species Conservation Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Zone 1/14b Temple Quay House 2 The Square Temple Quay Bristol BS1 6EB Telephone: 0117 372 3606 Email: [email protected] PB Number PB13806 Secretary of State’s Standards of Modern Zoo Practice Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 Interpretation of terms used ................................................................................................. 1 Animal welfare in the zoo environment ................................................................................ 2 Section 1 - Provision of food and water ............................................................................... 4 Section 2 - Provision of a suitable environment .................................................................. -
Mud in the Blood Novel Potent Anticoagulant Coagulotoxicity in The
Toxicology Letters 302 (2019) 1–6 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Toxicology Letters journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxlet Mud in the blood: Novel potent anticoagulant coagulotoxicity in the venoms T of the Australian elapid snake genus Denisonia (mud adders) and relative antivenom efficacy Nicholas J. Youngmana, Christina N. Zdeneka, James S. Dobsona, Matyas A. Bittenbindera, Amber Gillettb, Brett Hamiltonc, Nathan Dunstand, Luke Allend, Andrew Vearye, Elle Vearye, ⁎ Bryan G. Fryb, a Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia b FaunaVet Wildlife Consultancy, Glass House Mountains, QLD, 4518, Australia c Centre of Advanced Imaging & Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia d Venom Supplies, Tanunda, South Australia, Australia e Footprints Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd, P.O. Box 246, Bribie Island, QLD, 4507, Australia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Due to their potent coagulotoxicity, Australian elapid venoms are unique relative to non-Australian members of Venom the Elapidae snake family. The majority of Australian elapids possess potent procoagulant venom, while only a Antivenom few species have been identified as possessing anticoagulant venoms. The majority of research to-date has Coagulation concentrated on large species with range distributions overlapping major city centres, such as brown snakes Prothrombinase (Pseudonaja spp.) and taipans (Oxyuranus spp.). We investigated the venom from the poorly studied genus Anticoagulation Denisonia and documented anticoagulant activities that were differentially potent on amphibian, avian, and Denisonia human plasmas. Both species were potently anticoagulant upon amphibian plasma, consistent with these snakes preying upon frogs as their primary food source. -
Cane Toad (Bufo Marinus) (Linnaeus, 1758)
RISK ASSESSMENTS FOR EXOTIC REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS INTRODUCED TO AUSTRALIA – Cane Toad (Bufo marinus) (Linnaeus, 1758) Class - Amphibia, Order - Anura, Family - Bufonidae (Gray, 1825), Genus - Bufo (Laurenti, 1768); (The Reptile Database 2007, Catalogue of Life 2008) Score Sheet SPECIES: Cane Toad (Bufo marinus) Species Description – Largest of the toads, short, squat body with short legs. Up to 15 cm snout-vent length, females are noticeably larger than the males. Grey, brown, olive-brown or reddish-brown above, adults rarely with Other common names include: Marine Toad; Giant Toad. any marked pattern other than dark brown caps to the wards, whereas juveniles have a series of narrow dark bars, Synonyms: dashes or lines on the head and back. Whitish or yellow below, usually speckled or mottled with dark brown. Skin very dry and warty above, granular below. A prominent pair of parotoid glands, located behind each eye. The Rana marina supraocular region is warty and is separated from the smooth interorbital region by a high bony ridge, the ridge on Chaunus marinus each side continuing forward to meet on the snout between the nostrils. Fingers free, toes with a tough leather webbing. Tadpoles are less than 3.5 cm long, are jet black above and silvery white with black spots below (Cogger (Christy et al 2007b, Catalogue of Life 2008). 2000, Lever 2001, Cameron 2002, Robinson 2002, Churchill 2003). General Information – The species is very flexible in regards to breeding sites, with eggs and larvae developing in most slow or still shallow waters of ponds, ditches, temporary pools, reservoirs, canals and streams, and it can tolerate salinity levels of up to 15%.