What is a Weed? A weed is a plant growing in the wrong place often out of control. Many of the weeds in Western Australia have come from overseas or other states, where in their native conditions they do not usually pose a problem. However in a new environment, in the absence of natural predators, they can quickly become dominant. Weeds take over bushland, smothering and inhibiting native vegetation, impacting on habitat and food sources that are essential for native animals and bird species. If weeds and grasses are allowed to take over, there is the potential for fire risks, especially on roadside verges. They compete vigorously for available space, crowding out the native species, and in some cases can block waterways. On farm land they can poison stock, affect the usage of land, reduce pasture areas and interfere with hay quality. We need to get control of them!
Afghan Melon Apple of Sodom Arum Lily Blackberry Blackberry Nightshade Photo by Rod Randall Photo by DAFWA Photo by Dianne Hardwick Photo by Dianne Hardwick Photo by Rod Randall
Boneseed Bridal Creeper Cape Tulip Castor Oil Bush Cotton Bush Photo by DAFWA Photo by Rod Randall Photo by Robyn Knox Photo by of Joanna Seabrook Photo by Penny Hussey
Dock Doublegee Evening Primrose Lantana Lovegrass Photo by of Joanna Seabrook Photo by Rod Randall Photo by of Joanna Seabrook Photo by DAFWA Photo by of Joanna Seabrook
Paterson’s Curse Watsonia hybrid Wild Radish Veldt Grass Victorian Tea Tree Photo by of Joanna Seabrook Photo by of Joanna Seabrook Photo by DAFWA Photo by DAFWA Photo by Rod Randall Your Responsibilities... Whether you have a small block or a large farm, as a landowner the weeds on your property are your responsibility. This leaflet is not a complete list of all the weeds you may have on your land but a selection of the most problematic ones in our area. Some of the listed plants may be ”declared’ under the Agriculture and Related Resources Protection Act 1976. If a plant is declared, all landholders are obliged to control the plant on their properties. Declared plants fall into categories, which define the action required. The category varies over the State, ranging from prohibition or eradication to control, or just preventing the spread into neighbouring areas. A full list of declared plants and their categories can be found at http://www.agric.wa.gov.au.
recommendations as to safety. Read labels and follow manufacturers’ instructions. Ensure you purchase the correct product for your needs. N.B. Glyphosate is a non selective herbicide (it kills everything). Some weedkillers are selective. If in doubt, ask. doubt, in If selective. are weedkillers Some everything). kills (it herbicide selective non a is Glyphosate N.B. needs. your for product correct the purchase you Ensure instructions. manufacturers’ follow and labels Read safety. to as recommendations
fective. Always conform to manufacturers’ manufacturers’ to conform Always fective. ef most the be to farmers by found been has methods chemical by control weed scale large but preferred are control weed of methods non-chemical possible, Wherever Caution: product. correct the using are you
Disclaimer: Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement or preference of any company’s product and any omission of a trade name is unintentional. In certain instances the chemical name is the product name. Always consult your dealer to ensure ensure to dealer your consult Always name. product the is name chemical the instances certain In unintentional. is name trade a of omission any and product company’s any of preference or endorsement imply not does names trade of Mention Disclaimer:
mix of triclopyr and distillate. Check and re-treat new growth. new re-treat and Check distillate. and triclopyr of mix hazard. fire Serious flowers.
Leptospermum laevigatum Leptospermum PP Victorian tea tree tea Victorian
Hand pull seedlings. Spot spray small plants. Treat using cut stump or basal bark spray using 1:60 1:60 using spray bark basal or stump cut using Treat plants. small spray Spot seedlings. pull Hand White soils. lateritic and Sandy weed. roadside serious a become Has species. States Eastern
actively growing leaves. Use glyphosate or grass specific herbicides such as Fusilade®. as such herbicides specific grass or glyphosate Use leaves. growing actively areas. bushland of invader and
Ehrharta calycina Ehrharta Veldt grass Veldt
Treatment by cultivation and burning to remove old growth and herbicide application of new, new, of application herbicide and growth old remove to burning and cultivation by Treatment weed roadside common a is and spring in flowers grass, Perennial Africa. S. from Originating
advisor for the best treatments. best the for advisor pasture. and crops agricultural of weeds
Wild radish Wild
Raphanus raphanistrum Raphanus Treatments include glyphosate, metsulfuron, 2,4-D amine etc. Consult with your agricultural agricultural your with Consult etc. amine 2,4-D metsulfuron, glyphosate, include Treatments prevalent most States the of one West, South the of areas all in weed roadside common A
W. bulbillifera W. Wild gladioli Wild Species specific Propon® and Dalapon® are effective in native vegetated areas. areas. vegetated native in effective are Dalapon® and Propon® specific Species hazard. fire Serious
PP
W.borbonica hybrid W.borbonica Watsonia/ Glyphosate and metsulfuron methyl can by sprayed or wiped onto the plants during Jul-Aug. Jul-Aug. during plants the onto wiped or sprayed by can methyl metsulfuron and Glyphosate vegetation. native Chokes areas. wetter in weed Serious leaves. upright Stiff escapee. Garden
or metsulfuron. Biological control agents are being released in WA. in released being are agents control Biological metsulfuron. or Williams) and Boddington P4; Waroona,
**P3,**P4
Echium plantagineum Echium Paterson’s curse Paterson’s chlorsulfuron or metsulfuron. Roadsides and bush areas spot treat with glyphosate, chlorsulfuron chlorsulfuron glyphosate, with treat spot areas bush and Roadsides metsulfuron. or chlorsulfuron Serp/Jarrahdale, Murray, (P3; else. everything excluding by productivity pasture Reduces
P1
In clover based pasture use Broadstrike or Jaguar Tigrex. Blanket wipers can be used to apply apply to used be can wipers Blanket Tigrex. Jaguar or Broadstrike use pasture based clover In reserves. roadside and land agricultural on Widespread leaves. Hairy flowers. Purple Annual.
be used to apply glyphosate. apply to used be
disturbed ground. Difficult to control. Serious fire hazard. fire Serious control. to Difficult ground. disturbed
Eragrostis curvula Eragrostis PP Lovegrass glyphosate. Along roadsides a mixture of glyphosate and simazine. In sensitive areas a wiper can can wiper a areas sensitive In simazine. and glyphosate of mixture a roadsides Along glyphosate.
Perennial to 1m. Flowers spring-summer. Can seed 5-6 times a year. Found in road verges and and verges road in Found year. a times 5-6 seed Can spring-summer. Flowers 1m. to Perennial
Burn or slash infestation and then treat regrowth once it has reached 15-20cm high using using high 15-20cm reached has it once regrowth treat then and infestation slash or Burn
best in summer. in best
result and can be useful to increase the effectiveness of spraying in wet conditions. Treatments are are Treatments conditions. wet in spraying of effectiveness the increase to useful be can and result vegetation. native into spreading
Lantana camara Lantana P1 Lantana
water is required for best results. The addition of a wetting agent Pulse® gives a much quicker quicker much a gives Pulse® agent wetting a of addition The results. best for required is water is that weed roadside and garden common A (WoNS). Significance National of Weed A
Metsulfuron, glyphosate and mixtures of both give good control. A high application volume of of volume application high A control. good give both of mixtures and glyphosate Metsulfuron,
leaves.
S.America, growing to 1m tall common in disturbed sites. Night flowering, moth pollinated. moth flowering, Night sites. disturbed in common tall 1m to growing S.America,
Oenothera species Oenothera Evening primrose Evening restricted product near vineyards so a permit will be required. Spray the weeds before they have 6 6 have they before weeds the Spray required. be will permit a so vineyards near product restricted
Common invader of roadside verges. Yellow flowers in spring/early summer. Native to to Native summer. spring/early in flowers Yellow verges. roadside of invader Common
2,4-DB is the only product registered for the control. This is one of the herbicides listed as a a as listed herbicides the of one is This control. the for registered product only the is 2,4-DB
is required for Tigrex if the area being treated is within 5 km of a vineyard or tomato crop. tomato or vineyard a of km 5 within is treated being area the if Tigrex for required is Waroona)
Emex australis Emex **P1 Doublegee pastures can be obtained using Broadstrike® plus diuron, Jaguar® Spinnaker® and Tigrex®. A permit permit A Tigrex®. and Spinnaker® Jaguar® diuron, plus Broadstrike® using obtained be can pastures Serp/Jarrahdale, Murray, (P1; Annual. spines. three with fruit Woody winter. in flowers
Spot spraying seedlings using either glyphosate or glyphosate/simazine mixture. Control in in Control mixture. glyphosate/simazine or glyphosate either using seedlings spraying Spot Green weed. wasteland and Agricultural vegetable. salad a as Africa S. from Introduced
season and treatments can be applied mid to late April. late to mid applied be can treatments and season
flowering stems. Invades paddocks, found in damper soils, creeks and disturbed wetlands. disturbed and creeks soils, damper in found paddocks, Invades stems. flowering
germination of the annual pastures. This is more likely to occur when there is a late break to the the to break late a is there when occur to likely more is This pastures. annual the of germination
Rumex species Rumex Docks of WA. Docks are vigorous perennial plants and prolific seeders, mainly consisting of erect erect of consisting mainly seeders, prolific and plants perennial vigorous are Docks WA. of
also give good control when applied to rosettes of dock that usually appear before the main main the before appear usually that dock of rosettes to applied when control good give also
Native of Europe/Asia. There are 5 species of dock that are nuisance weeds in some shires shires some in weeds nuisance are that dock of species 5 are There Europe/Asia. of Native
Areas can be spot treated with metsulfuron methyl or glyphosate in pastures. Glyphosate can can Glyphosate pastures. in glyphosate or methyl metsulfuron with treated spot be can Areas
Poisonous to stock. to Poisonous
addition of a wetting agent or penetrant at 0.25% is beneficial. Small plants can be hand pulled. hand be can plants Small beneficial. is 0.25% at penetrant or agent wetting a of addition
Gomphocarpus fruticosus Gomphocarpus P1,P4 Cottonbush Flowers white/cream. Spiny pod. Common in disturbed sites and denser thickets in hills. hills. in thickets denser and sites disturbed in Common pod. Spiny white/cream. Flowers
Spray with glyphosate Sep-Dec before flowers form. Thorough coverage with spray essential. The The essential. spray with coverage Thorough form. flowers before Sep-Dec glyphosate with Spray
A common weed in the Southwest of WA, growing to 2m. Tall slender, pale green stems. stems. green pale slender, Tall 2m. to growing WA, of Southwest the in weed common A
results if cutting occurs within 15cm of the ground level. ground the of 15cm within occurs cutting if results
painting or spraying stumps of freshly cut trees. Trees need to be more than 5cm diameter. Best Best diameter. 5cm than more be to need Trees trees. cut freshly of stumps spraying or painting creeks. wastelands, verges, rail road, on Common poisonous. VERY
Ricinus communis Ricinus Castor oil bush oil Castor
trees with rough bark may require more wetting. Use low pressure for spraying. Success from from Success spraying. for pressure low Use wetting. more require may bark rough with trees are seeds Dark flowers. yellow and Red leaves. palmate Large metres. 4 to growing Shrub
Triclopyr, applied in a mixture with diesel (1:60) to base of the tree to a height of 30cm. Older Older 30cm. of height a to tree the of base to (1:60) diesel with mixture a in applied Triclopyr,
at any time after the plants have sprouted up until the flowering stalk appears. stalk flowering the until up sprouted have plants the after time any at stock. to Toxic corms. and seeds
Moraea species Moraea P1,P4 Cape tulip Cape
Metsulfuron methyl can be applied as a spray or wiped onto plants. The treatments can be applied applied be can treatments The plants. onto wiped or spray a as applied be can methyl Metsulfuron by Spread spring. in Flowers land. disturbed and woodlands pastures, in found Commonly
Spot application with a mixture of glyphosate and metsulfuron methyl. metsulfuron and glyphosate of mixture a with application Spot everything. smothering cover, dense Forms invasive. Extremely
Asparagus asparagoides Asparagus P1 Bridal creeper Bridal from Kings Park suggest very low rates can be used without damaging other native vegetation. vegetation. native other damaging without used be can rates low very suggest Park Kings from fruits. fleshy Red spring. in flowers white Tiny options. control biological
Metsulfuron methyl can be sprayed or wiped onto the plants in winter before flowering. Results Results flowering. before winter in plants the onto wiped or sprayed be can methyl Metsulfuron excellent has that weed environmental An (WoNS). Significance National of Weed A
subsp. monilifera subsp. in country areas. country in
P1,P2 Boneseed Treat by hand-pulling seedlings or glyphosate at 2% solution with a wetting agent. wetting a with solution 2% at glyphosate or seedlings hand-pulling by Treat
Chrysanthemoides monilifera monilifera Chrysanthemoides A Weed of National Significance (WoNS). Infestations in the Perth metro and isolated pockets pockets isolated and metro Perth the in Infestations (WoNS). Significance National of Weed A
no other suitable products. Plants in most circumstances can be pulled by hand. by pulled be can circumstances most in Plants products. suitable other no birds. by Spread crops. woodlands, disturbed wastelands, waterways, wetlands,
Solanum nigrum Solanum Blackberry nightshade Blackberry
Small seedlings can be desiccated using Reglone®. Apart from the restricted herbicides there are are there herbicides restricted the from Apart Reglone®. using desiccated be can seedlings Small on Common children. and stock to especially toxic is fruit Young weed. garden Common
best in summer. in best
(P1; whole of the state, P4; Murray, Serp/Jarrahdale, Waroona) Serp/Jarrahdale, Murray, P4; state, the of whole (P1;
result and can be useful to increase the effectiveness of spraying in wet conditions. Treatments are are Treatments conditions. wet in spraying of effectiveness the increase to useful be can and result
Rubus species Rubus P1,**P4 Blackberry rooting stems. White flowers in spring. Red fruit black by summer. Inc. Logan/boysenberry. Logan/boysenberry. Inc. summer. by black fruit Red spring. in flowers White stems. rooting
water is required for best results. The addition of a wetting agent Pulse® gives a much quicker quicker much a gives Pulse® agent wetting a of addition The results. best for required is water
A Weed of National Significance (WoNS). Perennial. Prickly shrub. Spread by seeds and and seeds by Spread shrub. Prickly Perennial. (WoNS). Significance National of Weed A
Metsulfuron, glyphosate and mixtures of both give good control. A high application volume of of volume application high A control. good give both of mixtures and glyphosate Metsulfuron,
beneficial. Prevention of seed formation will reduce the spread of the weed. the of spread the reduce will formation seed of Prevention beneficial.
The chemical can also be wiped on. The addition of a wetting agent or penetrant at 0.25% is is 0.25% at penetrant or agent wetting a of addition The on. wiped be also can chemical The eczema. Causes cattle. especially stock, to toxic is and flow water
Zantedeschia aethiopica Zantedeschia P1,P4 Arum lily Arum
time. Impedes poisonous. is spike Yellow spring. Flowers dunes. sand and heath areas, wet in Grows
Metsulfuron methyl, should be applied June–October. Best results are obtained near flowering flowering near obtained are results Best June–October. applied be should methyl, Metsulfuron
are preferred. Follow up treatment will be necessary to control seedlings. control to necessary be will treatment up Follow preferred. are Serp/Jarrahdale) Waroona, (P1,P4; stock. and humans to poisonous berries, Yellow
Solannum linaeanum Solannum **P1,**P4 Apple of Sodom of Apple
Amitrole gives good control and can be applied almost anytime of the year, but spring and summer summer and spring but year, the of anytime almost applied be can and control good gives Amitrole flowers. Purple leaves lobed deeply Spiny 2m. to growing genus Solanum the of species Prickly
applying to small plants and by adding a spraying oil at 1% to the mixture. the to 1% at oil spraying a adding by and plants small to applying
and unpalatable. and
Citrullus lanatus Citrullus Afghan melon Afghan care will have to be taken using this product near vineyards. The effectiveness is increased by by increased is effectiveness The vineyards. near product this using taken be to have will care
Common on road verges, paddocks, disturbed ground in summer. Yellow flowers. Fruit bitter bitter Fruit flowers. Yellow summer. in ground disturbed paddocks, verges, road on Common
Triclopyr, apart from several restricted herbicides is the only product registered. However, extreme extreme However, registered. product only the is herbicides restricted several from apart Triclopyr,
Control Methods Control Description Plant Cat. Name Botanical Name Common
plants. http://www.agric.wa.gov.au.
** Indicates declared status varies from area to area. to area from varies status declared Indicates **
destruction, eradication or otherwise control of those those of control otherwise or eradication destruction, Prevent the spread from property. For full description of categories visit categories of description full For property. from spread the Prevent
the Local Government Act 1995, which requires the the requires which 1995, Act Government Local the propagation. P3: Control infestation in a way that prevents spread and P4: P4: and spread prevents that way a in infestation Control P3: propagation. WEED INFORMATION WEED
Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale as a nuisance under under nuisance a as Serpentine-Jarrahdale of Shire the State. (highest priority) P2: Eradicate infestation, destroy and prevent prevent and destroy infestation, Eradicate P2: priority) (highest State. the
* Pest plants (PP) are those weeds proclaimed by the the by proclaimed weeds those are (PP) plants Pest * Categories (Cat.): P1: Prohibits movement of plants or their seeds within within seeds their or plants of movement Prohibits P1: (Cat.): Categories
Important tips... Where can you get help? 1. Always have a management plan for replacing weeds Dept of Agriculture and Food Bunbury...... 9780 6224 with desirable species. Weed control Advice...... (Andrew Reeves) 2. The best, low maintenance strategy is to fill the area with Dept of Agriculture and Food Waroona...... 9733 7777 suitable local native plants. Use either tubestock, direct Serpentine Jarrahadale Landcare Centre...... 9526 0012 seeding or cover the area with mulch. Shire of Boddington...... 9883 8230 Weed it See ‘References’ for help. Shire of Murray...... 9531 7777 3. Problems in paddocks are less likely if the pasture is Shire of Waroona...... 9733 7800 well managed. This includes maintaining beneficial species, Waroona Landcare Centre...... 9733 2628 reseeding when necessary and keeping a watch for new Website resources infestations. Department of Agriculture and Food WA 4. Be aware before you buy hay that you may be bringing http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/ Out! in weed seed, such as Paterson’s curse and Cape tulip. It is FloraBase: The West Australian Flora an offence to move or sell hay with declared plant material http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/weeds/ in it. Be aware research is ongoing into the control of weeds. N.B. Burning of weeds on road verges may resolve It is always worth contacting your Environmental and the immediate fire hazard and visual effect of weeds, Landcare Officers to obtain the latest information. however, this practice only increases the long term Pamphlets on control of specific weeds are available problem. It improves propagation and germination from the Department of Agriculture and Food WA. conditions for weeds. Written approval is required from Council prior to burning any Council controlled Original pamphlet produced by: land, including road verges. Serpentine-Jarrahdale LCDC, Weeds Committee. ©2000 Copyright Serpentine-Jarrahdale LCDC. Contributors: S-J Weed Management Committee, References... Dianne Hardwick, John Peirce, Joanna Seabrook and the Hussey, B.M.J., et al. 1997. Western Weeds. Plant Department of Agriculture and Food WA. For residents in the Shires Protection Society of Western Australia, WA. Updated and reprinted in 2011 by Moore, J., Wheeler, J. 2008. Southern weeds and their Serpentine Jarrahdale Landcare Centre. of Serpentine-Jarrahdale, control. 2nd Ed. Department of Agriculture and Food WA, Murray, Waroona, Boddington, South Perth. WA. There are Landcare Groups operating in our region. Why not consider joining one of them, even if Mortlock, W., et al. 1993. Field Planting of Trees and Narrogin and Williams. you have a small block of land. They are a great Shrubs: a guide for landowners and developers in the Shire Serpentine-Jarrahdale. Community Catchment source of information. Centre, WA. Contact your local Landcare Centre for more information. See above for contact details. Scheltema, M., and Harris, J. (Eds) 1995. Managing Perth’s We need to get control Bushland. Greening, Western Australia. Serpentine-Jarrahdale LCDC. 1999. A Guide to the Control of them. of Declared Plants and Weeds in the Northern Peel Region. The update and reprint of this Agriculture Western Australia, WA. brochure was funded by a Lotterywest Grant.