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Ieva Akmane Krustziežu Dzimtas Cruciferae Juss

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Ieva Akmane Krustziežu Dzimtas Cruciferae Juss DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITĀTE DZĪVĪBAS ZINĀTŅU UN TEHNOLOĢIJU INSTITŪTS BIOSISTEMĀTIKAS DEPARTAMENTS IEVA AKMANE KRUSTZIEŽU DZIMTAS CRUCIFERAE JUSS. TAKSONOMISKĀ REVĪZIJA LATVIJAS FLORĀ PROMOCIJAS DARBA KOPSAVILKUMS Zinātniskā doktora grāda, zinātnes doktora (Ph. D.) bioloģijā botānikas apakšnozarē iegūšanai DAUGAVPILS 2020 Promocijas darbs izstrādāts: Daugavpils Universitātes Sistemātiskās bioloģijas institūta Sistemātiskās botānikas laboratorijā no 2011.-2014. gadam, Daugavpils Universitātes Dzīvības zinātņu un tehnoloģiju institūta biosistemātikas departamentā no 2015.-2019. gadam un Latvijas Universitātes Bioloģijas institūtā no 2011. gada līdz 2019. gadam. Darba raksturs: promocijas darbs (disertācija) bioloģijas nozares botānikas apakšnozarē. Promocijas darba zinātniskais vadītājs: Dr. biol. vad. pētnieks Pēteris Evarts-Bunders (Daugavpils Universitāte) Darba recenzenti: 1. Dr. biol. vad. pētniece Anna Mežaka (Daugavpils Universitāte) 2. Dr. geogr. asoc. prof. Solvita Rūsiņa (Latvijas Universitāte) 3. Ph. D. pētniece Thea Kull (Igaunijas Dzīvības zinātņu Universitāte) Promocijas padomes priekšsēdētājs: Dr. biol. prof. Arvīds Barševskis Promocijas darba aizstāvēšana notiks: Daugavpils Universitātes Bioloģijas nozares promocijas padomes atklātajā sēdē 2020. gada 22. oktobrī Daugavpils Universitātē Parādes ielā 1a, 130. auditorijā, plkst. 12.00. Ar promocijas darbu un tā kopsavilkumu var iepazīties Daugavpils Universitātes bibliotēkā, Parādes ielā 1, Daugavpilī un https://du.lv/zinatne-un-petnieciba/promocija/aizstavesanai-iesniegtie- promocijas-darbi/ Atsauksmes sūtīt: Promocijas padome, 208. auditorija, Dzīvības zinātņu un tehnoloģiju institūts, Daugavpils Universitāte, Parādes iela 1a, Daugavpils, LV- 5401, epasts: [email protected] Promocijas padomes sekretāre: Dr. biol. pētniece Jana Paidere, Daugavpils Universitātes Dzīvības zinātņu un tehnoloģiju institūts. ISBN 978-9934-23-200-8 © Ieva Akmane, 2020 SATURS PUBLIKĀCIJU SARAKSTS ............................................................................. 4 IEVADS ............................................................................................................. 5 MATERIĀLS UN METODIKA ........................................................................ 8 2.1. Klimatiskie un fizioģeogrāfiskie apstākļi Latvijas teritorijā ................... 8 2.2. Pētītā teritorija ........................................................................................ 9 2.3. Analīzē izmantotie materiāli ................................................................... 9 2.4. Sugu apraksti ........................................................................................ 10 2.5. Taksonu nacionālā nomenklatūra ......................................................... 10 2.6. Sugu izplatība ....................................................................................... 11 2.7. Cruciferae sēklu raksturojošo parametru analīze ................................. 12 REZULTĀTI .................................................................................................... 13 3.1. Latvijā konstatētie Cruciferae taksoni .................................................. 13 3.2. Cruciferae sēklu morfoloģijas parametri .............................................. 25 DISKUSIJA ...................................................................................................... 26 4.1. Cruciferae taksonomiskais sastāvs Latvijā ........................................... 26 4.1.1. Jauni Cruciferae taksoni Latvijas florā ......................................... 26 4.1.2. Izmaiņas Cruciferae taksonomiskajā sastāvā................................ 26 4.2. Cruciferae sugu floristiskais raksturojums ........................................... 29 4.2.1. Cruciferae svešzemju sugas .......................................................... 29 4.2.2. Cruciferae sugu izplatības izmaiņas ............................................. 30 4.3. Cruciferae taksonu latviskie nosaukumi ............................................... 32 4.4. Cruciferae morfoloģisko pazīmju raksturojums ................................... 33 4.5. Cruciferae sēklu morfoloģijas raksturojums ........................................ 36 SECINĀJUMI .................................................................................................. 37 PATEICĪBAS ................................................................................................... 38 LITERATŪRAS SARAKSTS/BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................... 78 3 PUBLIKĀCIJU SARAKSTS Autora pieminēšanas kārtība publikācijā norāda viņa ieguldījumu pētījuma veikšanā. I Rūrāne, I., Roze, I. 2013. Systematic studies on Draba L. Cruciferae Juss. in Latvia. Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis, 13(1): 95-99. II Rūrāne, I., Roze, I. 2015. Genus Sisymbrium L. (Rockets) in the flora of Latvia. Proceedings of the Latvian academy of sciences, Section B, Natural, Exact, and applied Sciences, 69(1/2): 38-44; doi: 10.1515/prolas-2015-0004 III Rūrāne, I. 2015. Genus Hesperis L. in the flora of Latvia. Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis, 15(2): 343-347. IV Rūrāne, I. 2017. Smilts augsnēs sastopamo krustziežu dzimtas Cruciferae Juss. sugu raksturojums Latvijā. LU 75. zinātniskā konference, Valsts pētījumu programma RESPROD, Starptautiskais simpozijs “Smilts un stikls”, Zinātnisko rakstu krājums. Rīga, Latvijas Universitāte, 56.-60. lpp. V Rūrāne, I., Roze, I. 2018. Barbarea arcuata as a potentially expansive species in agricultural landscapes in Latvia. Research for Rural Development 2018, Annual 24th International Scientific Conference Proceedings, 2: 7-11; doi: 10.22616/rrd.24.2018.044 VI Rūrāne, I., Evarts-Bunders, P., Nitcis, M. 2018. Distribution trends of some species of family Brassicaceae in Latvia. Botanica, 24(2), 124-131.; doi: 10.2478/botlit-2018-0012 VII Rūrāne, I., Roze, I. 2019. Genus Lepidium L. in the flora of Latvia. Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis, 19(2): 191-198. Autora ieguldījums pētījumos: I II III IV V VI VII Oriģinālā ideja IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ PEB Datu ievākšana un IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ sagatavošana Datu analīze IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRO IRO IRO PEB IRO Manuskripta IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ IRŪ, IRŪ sagatavošana IRO IRO IRO PEB IRO MN IRŪ – Ieva Rūrāne, IRO – Ieva Roze, PEB – Pēteris Evarts-Bunders, MN – Māris Nitcis 4 IEVADS Pētījuma aktualitāte Krustziežu dzimta Cruiferae Juss. ir viena no lielākajām augu dzimtām Latvijas florā. Cruciferae ir liela saimnieciskā nozīme, vairākas sugas ir pasaulē plaši audzēti kultūraugi un izplatītas nezāles. Pēdējā Cruciferae sistemātiskā apstrāde veikta 20. gs. vidū sērijas „Latvijas PSR flora” ietvaros, kuru apstrādājis A. Eleksis (1955). Vēlāk dažāda apjoma informācija par Cruciferae dzimtu ietverta augu noteicējos (Pētersone, 1958, 1980), taksonu sarakstos (Фатаре, 1988; Gavrilova, Šulcs, 1999), kā arī apkopojumā par Baltijas reģionā sastopamajiem taksoniem (Kuusk et al., 1993). Lai arī ir vairākos darbos ir dažāda apjoma dati par Cruciferae, tomēr līdz šim trūka informācijas par vairāku sugu nomenklatūru, morfoloģiju un izplatību. Svarīga nozīme ir pētījumiem par veģetācijas struktūru un sastāvu konkrētā teritorijā. Floras sastāva izmaiņas ietekmē svešzemju sugu migrācija, noturība Latvijas klimatiskajos apstākļos, kā arī dārzbēgļu naturalizēšanās. Latvijā savvaļā sastopamas gan vietējās, gan svešzemju Cruciferae sugas. Svešzemju sugu konstatēšana un izpēte ir būtiska floras analīzē, lai spētu novērtēt to ietekmi uz vietējās floras sugām un biotopiem, kā arī konstatēt to iespējamo invazīvo raksturu. Īpašu uzmanību svešzemju sugām ir pievērsuši V. Mīlenbahs (Mühlenbach, 1934), A. Šulcs (Шулц, 1972, 1976, 1977), kuri savos pētījumos konstatējuši arī vairākas jaunas Latvijas florai retas svešzemju Cruciferae sugas. Taksonomiskie pētījumi aizvien ir aktuāli, ņemot vērā to daudzveidīgo pielietojumu un nozīmību dažādās tautsaimniecības jomās. Tā kā mainās izpratne par taksonu apjomu, kā arī florā ienāk jaunas sugas, ir nepieciešams veikt Cruciferae taksonomisko revīziju, lai noskaidrotu esošos taksonus, precizētu to statusu un iegūtu aktuālu informāciju par to izplatību un sastopamību Latvijā, kā arī sastādīt Latvijā konstatēto Cruciferae sugu noteicēju, kas būtu noderīgs vides un lauksaimniecības jomas speciālistiem. Pētījuma novitāte Pētījuma ietvaros veikta Cruciferae taksonomiskā revīzija, izveidojot aktuālu taksonu sarakstu. Sastādītas ģinšu un sugu noteikšanas tabulas, apkopota zinātniskā un nacionālā nomenklatūra, vairākiem taksoniem izveidoti jauni latviskie sugu nosaukumi. Morfoloģisko pazīmju apraksti veidoti izmantojot Latvijas materiālu un vairākiem taksoniem sugu morfoloģiskie apraksti latviešu valodā sastādīti pirmo reizi. Sagatavotas ģeogrāfiskās izplatības kartes. 5 Promocijas darba mērķis un uzdevumi Mērķis – veikt krustziežu dzimtas Cruciferae Juss. taksonomisko revīziju Latvijas florā. Darba galvenie uzdevumi: 1. Izstrādāt Cruciferea taksonu zinātnisko un nacionālo nomenklatūru. 2. Izveidot oriģinālus taksonu morfoloģisko pazīmju aprakstus. 3. Sagatavot Cruciferae ģinšu un sugu noteikšanas tabulas. 4. Sastādīt ģeogrāfiskās izplatības kartes un izvērtēt taksonu sastopamību Latvijā. 5. Noteikt raksturojošās morfoloģiskās pazīmes Cruciferae sēklām. 6. Izvērtēt taksoniem lietotos latviskos nosaukumus un piešķirt latīnisko nosaukumu potenciālos ekvivalentus latviešu valodā. Galvenās aizstāvēšanai izvirzītās tēzes: 1. Sugu skaita izmaiņas notiek, mainoties taksonomiskajai izpratnei, ienākot jaunām svešzemju sugām un pieaugot
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