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An Illustrated and Annotated Checklist of Philiris Röber, 1891, Taxa Occurring in the Indonesian Provinces of North Maluku and Maluku (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

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An Illustrated and Annotated Checklist of Philiris Röber, 1891, Taxa Occurring in the Indonesian Provinces of North Maluku and Maluku (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 37 (2/3): 145–158 (2016) 145 An illustrated and annotated checklist of Philiris Röber, 1891, taxa occurring in the Indonesian provinces of North Maluku and Maluku (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Andrew Rawlins and Alan Cassidy Andrew Rawlins, 392 Maidstone Road, Rainham, Kent, ME8 0JA, UK; [email protected] (corresponding author) Alan Cassidy, 18 Woodhurst Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 8TF, UK; [email protected] Abstract: This paper recognises 16 taxa (8 species) of the In producing this checklist we have relied heavily on the ly caenid genus Philiris Röber, 1891 that occur in the In do­ collections of the Natural History Museum, Lon don. In ne sian provinces of North Maluku and Maluku. Two new addition some private collections have been ex ami n ed. sub species are described: Philiris helena nok ssp. n. (ho lo­ type = HT male, BMNH) from Morotai and Philiris intensa discoblanca ssp. n. (HT female, BMNH) from Obi. Some Biogeography and definitions of North Maluku new island locality records are introduced, maps show all the islands discussed in the text and all taxa are illustr at ed and Maluku in colour. In this paper we use the term Maluku to incorporate the Keywords: Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Philiris, new sub spe cies, two Indonesian provinces of North Maluku (= Malu ku new locality records, Indonesia, North Maluku, Ma lu ku. Utara) and Maluku (see Maps 1 & 2). Together these are often referred to as the “Moluccas” or the “Spice Islands”. Eine illustrierte und kommentierte Checkliste der Taxa We also use the geographical terms “northern Maluku” von Philiris Röber, 1891 der indonesischen Provinzen and “central Maluku”. Nord-Maluku und Maluku (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Different authors have used these terms with varying Zusammenfassung: Es werden 16 Taxa (8 Arten) der Ly cae­ nidengattung Philiris Röber, 1891 aufgelistet, die in den meanings. We follow here the detailed definitions given indonesischen Provinzen von Nord­Maluku und Malu ku by Rawlins et al. (2014: 5–8). vor kommen. Zwei neue Unterarten werden besc hrie ben: Phil iris helena nok ssp. n. (Ho lo typus = HT Männ chen, in In brief, the political province of North Maluku com­ BMNH) von Morotai und Philiris intensa disco blan ca ssp. prises: n. (HT Weibchen, BMNH) von Obi. Einige neue Insel nach­ 1. The Sula Islands. wei se werden gegeben, Ver brei tungs kar ten zei gen die be ar­ bei te ten Inseln, und alle Taxa werden far big ab gebildet. 2. The islands we refer to as “northern Maluku” (Mo ro­ tai, Halmahera, Ternate, Makian, Bacan, Kasi ru ta, Man dioli and their associated smaller islands). Introduction 3. Obi. This paper provides an illustrated and annotated check­ 4. Gebe. list of all species and subspecies of the genus Phi liris 5. The political province of Maluku comprises: Röber, 1891 (Lycaenidae, Luciini) known to occur in 6. The islands we refer to as “central Maluku” (Buru, the Indonesian provinces of North Maluku (Ma luk u Am belau, Manipa, Kelang, Buano, Seram, Ambon, Utara) and Maluku, together with their known rang es. It Ha ruku, Saparua, Nusa Laut, Geser and Seram Laut). includes a few new island locality records. 7. The Gorong, Watubela and Tayandu Island groups. We have largely followed the format established by Raw­ 8. The Banda Islands. lins et al. (2014) in “An illustrated and annotated checklis t 9. The Kei Islands. of Jamides HÜBNER, 1819, taxa occurring in the In donesian Provinces of North Maluku and Malu ku (Le pi do ptera: 10. The islands of Southwest Maluku (District) (= Ma lu­ Lycaenidae)”. ku Barat Daya) including Wetar. 11. The Tanimbar Islands. Some species of the genus are notoriously difficult to identify and there are some records of taxa occurring in 12. The Aru Islands. unexpected locations in the past literature. Where pos­ As discussed by Rawlins et al. (2014), Maluku is an area sible we have tried to locate and examine the ap pro priate of huge biogeographical interest and includes a va riety specimens to set the record straight. of faunistic regions — the Sula islands which are part of We describe two new subspecies and recognise 16 ta xa, the Sulawesi Region, northern Maluku, Obi and central com prising 8 Philiris species, as occurring in the Malu ku Maluku which represent the heart of Ma lu ku, the islands area. from Wetar to Tanimbar represent Les ser Sunda Island fauna, whilst Aru is bio geo gra phic ally part of the New We include maps showing all the main islands of Ma lu ku Guinea Region. Kei fauna shares links with all these four and North Maluku and, where available to us, pro vide regions and Gebe is a link between northern Maluku and photographs of both surfaces of both sexes of each taxon. the New Guinea Re gion. © 2016 by Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 146 There are 16 known Philiris taxa in Maluku and these Annotated checklist of the Philiris taxa are concentrated in Aru (adjacent to New Guinea where of North Maluku and Maluku the genus is at its richest) and in northern Malu ku, Obi and central Maluku. One taxon, P. helena gi sel la Stau din­ Philiris Röber (1891: 317) ger, 1888, is known from Gebe and one, P. intensa regina Type species by monotypy: (Thecla) ilias C. Felder (1860: Butler, 1882, from Kei and Tanim bar. As far as we are 454). aware no Philiris species have been recorded from the The key works on the genus include “A revision of the Sulas, Bandas or Southwest Maluk u Islands. Gebe fauna genus Candalides and allied genera” (Tite 1963) and “The is poorly researched and we expect further Phil iris taxa butterflies of Papua New Guinea” (Parsons 1998). to occur there. Sands’ (1981a) academic PhD thesis, “The ecology, bio- geography and systematics of the tribe Luciini” was ne ver At the subspecies level, 12 of the 16 (75%) taxa of Phi li- published and though containing much useful inf or ma­ ris known from Maluku are endemic, as are three of the tion, the “lectotypes” designated therein are theref ore eight species (37.5%). invalid. Parsons (1998) incorrectly treats these Sands “lectotypes” as valid. Maluku is an area of generally high butterfly endemi ci ty: Rawlins et al. (2014: 8) noted 41 of the 55 (also 75%) taxa It could be argued under Article 74.5 of the In ter na­ tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) that, of the genus Jamides Hübner, 1819 occur ring in Maluku in some cases, Parsons (1998), by noting Sands’ “lecto­ were endemic — and therefore of prime con ser vation type designations” and thereby identifying a par ti cu lar importance. specimen from syntypes, effectively makes the desig­ For clarity we note that the Indonesian western half of nations himself. However, this paper is not a review of Philiris the Island of New Guinea along with its associated off­ Maluku but simply an annotated checklist and we leave the resolution of this issue to future re sear chers. shore islands (previously variously known as Irian, Irian Ja ya, West Irian, Irian Barat) now consists of two po li ti­ The genus ranges from Maluku through New Guinea to c al provinces: West Papua and Papua. We use the term the Bismarck Archipelago and Australia. It reaches its peak diversity in New Guinea. In New Guinea it is the “New Guinea” in its geographical sense to mean the most species­rich lycaenid genus and of all butt er fly whole island including these two Indone sian provinces gener a on the island only Delias has more species. along with the mainland part of the coun try of Papua New Guinea. Tite (1963) listed 58 species (56 in the identification key and two others). Sands (1979, 1981b) described a fur ther Abbreviations used 11 species in two separate papers for CSIRO. These were ANIC Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Aus tra­ included in his PhD thesis (1981a: 413) where he listed a lia. total of 64 species. “AT” Allotype (i.e., a paratype of opposite sex to the holotype; Parsons (1998: 361) recorded 53 named species in PNG no special status according to the ICZN rules). (all but five occur on mainland PNG) along with at least BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, UK. three undescribed species (all from mainland PNG) and he noted a further six species known only from Irian Ja ya CARR Coll. Andrew Rawlins, Rainham, Kent, UK. (i.e., West Papua and Papua). Parsons es timated about CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Or ga­ 65 species in total but pointed out that some taxa are nisation. of doubtful status, whereas it is likel y there are some HT Holotype. undiscovered species. Müller (2014) described a fur ther LT Lectotype. six species from PNG — five from mainland New Gui­ NNML Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis (for mer ly nea and one from New Bri tain —, confirming Par sons’ Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie — RMNH), Lei intuition and giving a to tal of about 62 species known den, Holland and now part of the Naturalis Bio di ver sity from mainland New Guinea alone. Center. Sands (1981a: 412–413) divided the genus into 21 spe­ PNG The country of Papua New Guinea. cies­groups whilst noting that the groups only pro vi ded PT Paratype. a “tentative indication of relationships”. The spe cies­ ssp. Subspecies. groups are not relevant in the scope of this paper so are ssp. n. Subspecies nova. not discussed here. ST Syntype. Parsons (1998: 361–362) pointed out that many species UnF Underside forewing.
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