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Sedirnentary and Palaeotecronic Evolution Ofsorne Permian

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Sedirnentary and Palaeotecronic Evolution Ofsorne Permian Sedirnentary andpalaeotecronic evolution ofsorne Permian continental basins iii the central Southern Alps, Italy. O. Cxssr~ís * & C. NERI ** * Dipartimento di Scienze della Yerra dell7iniversitú, Strada !Vuova 65,1 - 27100 Pavia, Italia ** Dipartimenta di Scienze Geologiche ePaleontalagiche dellVniversitñ, Corso Ercole P dEste 32,1 - 44100 Ferrara, Italia ABSTRACT The authors have dealt with the sedimentary and palaeotectonic evolution of some selected Permian continental basins located in the central South-Alpine domain, immediately to tbe west and east of the Giudicarie Line. In this area the Permian System can be divided into two well differentiated tectono-sedimentary cycles separated by a marked unconformity. The first one (generally spanning late Early Permian to Ufimian times) consists of lacustrine and alluvial fan deposits (Collio Fm, Tregiovo Fm, etc.) as well as of volcanics, both infilling intermontane grabens or half-grabens separated by meta- morphic and igneous highs. The boundary faults generally have 55W-NNE and E- W trends and often coincide with long-lived tectonie lineaments reactivated as late as the Alpine orogeny(such as theTrompiaLine, ValsuganaL., GiudicarieL., etcétem). The second cycle (Late Permian, from the Tatarian (7) to the P/’T boundary or almost) is represented by fluvial clastics (Verrucano Lombardo and Val Gardena Sandstone) and, only to the east of te Adige Valley, by sulphate evaporites to the shallow marine carbonate succession of the Bellerophon Fm. These deposits form a widespread blanket which covers both the basins of the first cycle and the surrounding highs. The continuity of tectonic control is documented by strong changes in thickness (from a few tens of metres on the Adige-Giudicarie highs to several hundreds of metres in te depocentral areas, such as Cadore-Comelico). A reorganisation of the Permian tectonics occurs at te boundary between te Cuadernos de Geología Ibérica, n> 16, 145-176. Editorial Complutense, Madrid. 1992 146 G. Cassinis & C. Neri two cycles, which is probably correlatable to the “Middle” Permian tectonics of Hercynian Europe (i.e. post-Saalian, Altmark, Palatine movements). The new configuration is attested to te different geometry of the rock bodies pertaining to both cycles as well as to the frequent switching of depocentres (stmctural highs of the first cycle sometimes acted as strongly subsiding areas during the second one). Key-words: Permian, Collio Basin, Tione Basin, Tregiovo Basin, sedimentary evolution, palaeotectonics, lower cycle, upper cycle, Southern Alps, Italy. RESUMEN Este trabajo describe la evolución sedimentaria y paleotectónica de algunas cuencas sedimentaríaspérmicas del área suralpina central, localizadas al oeste y al este de la Línea de Giudicarie (Italia). La sucesión pérmica de los Alpes meridionales, comprende dos ciclos tecto- sedimentarios mayores, separados por una clara discordancia. En el sectorconsiderado, el ciclo inferior(correspondiente al intervalo Pérmico inferior-Ufemiense) está constituido por depósitos fluvio-lacustres (Fm Collio, Fm Tregiovo, etc.) asociadosavulcanismo, generalmentede tipoácido. Estosmateriales constituyen elrellenode «grabens» o «semigrabens», separados poraltos estructurales. Las fallas limitantes tienen, en general, una dirección SSO-NNE y E-O, y a menudo coinciden con antiguas zonas de fractura, reactivadas al final de la orogenia alpina (Linea del Val Trompia, L. de Valsugana, L. de Giudicarie, etcétera). El segundo ciclo (Pérmico superior, desde el Tartaniense (7) al limite PAl? o cercano a él) está representado por sedimentos fluviales (Areniscas de Verrucano Lombardo y Val Gardena). Tan sólo al este del valle Adige, existen evaporitas y carbonatos marinos de la Fm Bellerophon. Los depósitos del segundo ciclo forman un cuerpocontinuo lateralmente, que recubretantolas cuencas del primerciclocomo los umbrales que existian durante el mismo. La persistencia de una tectónica distensiva está registrada por la existencia de importantes variaciones de espesor (desde algunas decenas de metros en los umbrales de Adige-Giudicarie, hasta cientos de metros en las áreas de depocentro, como la de Cadore-Comelico). El límite con el segundo ciclo está caracterizado por una reorganización de la tectónica del Pérmico, probablemente correlacionable con algún movimiento del Pérmico medio de la Europa hercinica (movimientos post-saálicos, Altmark o palatinos). La nueva confirmación queda reflejada tanto por ladiferente geometría de los cuerpos rocosos de ambos ciclos, como por la frecuente variación de los depoceníros (los altos estructurales del primer ciclo, a veces actúan como áreas de gran subsidencia durante el segundo). Palabras clave: Pérmico, Cuenca del Collio, Cuenca del Tione, Cuenca de Sedi,nentary aud palaeotectonic evolution... 147 Tregiovo, evolución sedimentaria, paleotectónica, ciclo inferior, ciclo superior, Alpes meridionales, Italia. RIASSUNTO II presente lavoro descrive levoluzione sedimentaria e paleotettonica di alcuni bacini continentali permiani del Sudalpino centrale, localizzati immediatamente ad ovest e ad est della Linea delle Giudicarie. La successione permiana delle Alpi Meridionail comprende due cicli tettono- sedimentan maggiori, separati da una chiara discordanza. Nel settore considerato, il ciclo inferiore (databile in buona parte allintervallo Artinskiano-Ufimiano) consiste di depositi fluvio-lacustri (Fm di Colijo, Fm di Tregiovo, ccc.) associati a vulcaniti generalmente acide e quasi; questi materiali costituiscono fi riempimento di graben, in qualche caso asimmetrici, separati da alti strutturali. Le faglie bordiere hanno in genere direzioni SSW-NNE eE-W, e spesso coincidono con lineamenti ancestrali pié volte riattivati fino allorogenesi alpina (Linea della Val Trompia, L. della Valsugana, L, delle Giudicarie, ece.). II secondociclo (Permiano Superiores.!., dal Tatariaino(?) sino al limite superiore o quasi del Periodo) é rappresentato da sedimenti fluvialie, ad est della Val dAdige, dalle evaporiti solfatiche e dai carbonati marmni della Fm a Bellerophon. 1 depositi del secondo ciclo formano un corpolateralmentecontinuo che ricopre sia i baciniche gli aIddel ciclo precedente. La persistenza di una tettonica distensiva é documentata da vistose variazioni di spessore (da poche decine di metri in alcuni settori dellalto dellAdige-Brenta a pareechie centinaia di metri nel depocentro cadorino). II limite tra i due cicli é caratterizzato da una riorganizzazione della tettonica permiana, probabilmentecorrelabileaglieventiMedio-PermianidellEuropaErcinica (movimenti post-Saaliani, di Altmark, o Palatini), e documentata sia dalIa diversa geometria dei corpi appartenenti ai duecicli, sia dalIa disattivazione di alcune linee e dallinversione o nascila di altre. Parolechiave:Permiano,Bacino diCollio,BacinodiTione,Bacinodi Tregiovo, evoluzione sedimentaria, paleotettonica, ciclo inferiore, ciclo superiore, Alpi Meridionali. Italia. INTRODIJCTJON The Permian System of the Southern Alps can be divided into two main very distinct teetono-sedimentaiy cycles, separated by a marked unconformity (ITALtAN IOCP 203 GROIJP, ed., 1986). (Fig. 1). ‘¡he lower cycle (1) is represented by voicanies and subordinate aiiuviaj-lacustrine deposits,locally assoeiated within intermontanebasins,inmost of the Southern Alps 148 O. Cassinis & C. Neri .0 a -. o - ci 0> di 1-> .0 ~0 o a o di d/, O o -~ o-> di ~ E -o di .0 0> cfi o di 0. - ‘o,—. — 00oc 24 O -‘di di ~ — oc 5 ~ .doc O :3 -~ ~ a di’- ---->4,— dio ..4>0>, 0. U~ -~ o E ‘o o .~ ~ ‘a 0> o- E ~o~O 0,0 0>00 o 24 di e ~ o •t a 0 di 0. — s -~ ~ E’o ~ -~ -o ~ - II ‘o -—di ‘~di a di>.> O ~ii5 diO ‘o -_ t t o a -—0-—diciidi ca—- ‘o - Sedi~nentary andpalaeatectcnic eva/u/lan.. 149 as well as by paralic-marine terrigenous to carbonate sequences inthe Carnia area. me upper cycle (2) consisis of widespread clastic fluvial sediments and,onlyeast of te Adige Valley, of te evaporitie - carbonate successionoftheBellerophonFoimation. Recent research, in collaboration with J. Doubinger from Strasbourg, have lcd to more accurate dating of both cycles in the central South-Alpine domain (see Cassinis & Neri, 1990). According to palynological data, the Collio and Tregiovo Formations, included in Cycle 1, may be attributed to the late Early Permian and probably, aboye alí with regard to Tregiovo Fm, also to the earliest Late Permían. Following the Cis-Uralian standardgeological seale, their depositional range seems cii Fig. 2—Location of [he PermianCollio, Tione and Tregiovo basins on both sides of the Giudicarie Line, central Southern Mps, in relation to other basins and to síructuralhighs. Fig. 2—Situación de las cuencas pérmicas de Collio, Tione y Tregiovo, a ambos lados de la línea Giudicarie, y su relación con las otras cuencas y los umbrales estructurales. 150 G. Cassinis & C. Ne,i O d ~ Wa?oI & w e tAJ a an coz <5 a2 ci aa Z< 4Z 4 ~15~C0< úÁ~ Co dr 4 o Ci eu. dr ci 2 4 o- tu di 4 A— o C~ ~ ,cim .4 eO-Jr00 dr u’ e O e o ~9<ez9 ~(0 dr4 ¡4— — a dr tAJ =- <5 a u0- ci>- 2 a¡~4a rn~e o¡aA, ,sL 2 0 u-O. — e <5 40 2 a —~ o o e —>4-—.- o 2 e - it di Co o e o o ci LI Ls 1-E CA- a”- nw a <00 2 0 Co Co 0taL>.C0 0,-. cia o Ce tAJ Ce e --4 .44 -jo- <o. “e >0 u. - - u, - - u. 1, a .4 0. ,. a- 0. - O u- oc- -0 e o 0 _~04o 4- e—’ ‘dr>- o 04 ‘8 o ~3.4 1~ 2 0Úi~ a -< d~ A- 02~ Co =4u. <‘a ci 0W, 2 .4 Ok-O (ji UJu>w u’ ~t~íz ~ ‘cid2 u’ -. u’ — .4 CtA>< e ~ =I—íDCO ~ -J <o— ‘o ~9ci 0 ~ iM- Zoiz 1~1~ ~ .4 .400 “draF=z< Sc ~ CO Coz 2.4.4 2-- 0<0 83ddn .3 1 OrJ 1 fl.~ ~ 3 M 0 1 0<50 COCO o”- 1 Ú 1 ¡ Al u N V 1 V’d U 3 d LI E LI Sedinzentary and palaeotectonic evolution... 151 to span Artinskian to Ufimian times (Figs. 2 and 3). If we refer to te European continental stratigraphy, the aboye units could be correlated to te medium and higher levels of te Saxonian or te Upper Rotliegend. Biostratigraphic papers, contaiing alist anddescriptionof the palynologicalassemblages, are in preparation by J.
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