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AUSTRALIAN NAVAL REVIEW 2019 Issue 1 to Deliver the Capability Edge Australian Naval Your trusted partner REVIEW 2019 Issue 1 AUSTRALIAN NAVAL to deliver the capability edge. Review 2019 Issue 1 With over 100 years of submarine experience. Saab are experts at delivering complex underwater solutions and capability upgrades. The successful upgrade to the Swedish Gotland class submarines demonstrates how Saab delivers cutting-edge technology to meet tomorrow’s naval threats. saab.com.au 1 Australian Naval Review 2019 – Edition 1 The Australian Naval Review is the annual publication of the Australian Naval Institute (ANI). After the retirement of the quarterly Headmark, the ANI transitioned to an annual peer-reviewed journal in 2016. This is alongside the frequent publication of articles on the Institute’s website. Editorial Commodore Justin Jones, CSC, RAN Coordinators Midshipman Kayla De Wit, RAN Midshipman Jamie Newton, RAN Midshipman Ben Page, RAN Editor Ms Kiri Mathieson Printed by Instant Colour Press, Canberra Set in Calibri 12pt ISSN 2207-2128 (Hard Copy) Copyright of the articles published in this issue, unless specified, resides with the authors. Copyright in the form of the article printed in the Australian Naval Review is held by the Australian Naval Institute. 1 Australian Naval Review 2019 Australian Naval Review 2019 – Edition 1 About the ANI The ANI is the leading forum for naval and maritime affairs in Australia. Formed in 1975, the main objectives of the ANI are: • to encourage and promote the advancement of knowledge related to the Navy and the maritime profession; and • to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas concerning subjects related to the Navy and the maritime profession. Contributing to the ANR The ANI publishes articles and comments on naval and maritime issues. Articles concerning naval strategy, operations, administration or policy are of particular interest, but we will consider all articles. Contact the ANI Secretariat at [email protected] for further information (including the Australian Naval Review’s Style Guide for prospective authors) or to submit a contribution to the Review. Disclaimer The views expressed in this review do not represent the official views of the Royal Australian Navy, the Australian Defence Force, the Chief of Navy or the ANI. That said, Headmark, and now the Australian Naval Review, have a proud tradition of over 40 years of contributing informed research, writing, and opinion on naval and maritime matters. ANI Membership Members of the ANI receive discounts on events run by the Institute, a copy of the annual Australian Naval Review, full access to the ANI website and the knowledge that they are contributing to the ever-important public debates on naval and maritime affairs. Further information on membership is available on the Institute’s website (www.navalinstitute.com.au) or from the ANI Secretariat ([email protected]). 2 Australian Naval Review 2019 3 Council President Vice Admiral Peter Jones, AO, DSC, RAN (Retired) Vice President Commodore Allison Norris, CSC, RAN Treasurer Captain Nick Tate, RAN Secretary Lieutenant Commander Stephanie Foulkes, RAN Councillors Mr Steve Bell Captain Guy Blackburn, RAN Lieutenant Commander Andrew Collingwood, RAN Midshipman Kayla De Wit, RAN Dr Gregory Gilbert Rear Admiral Lee Goddard, CSC, RAN Commander Richard Hobbs, RAN (Retired) Commodore Justin Jones, CSC, RAN Mr Brian Mansell Commander Geoffrey McGinley, RAN Midshipman Ben Page, RAN Captain Tom Phillips, RAN Midshipman Jamie Newton, RAN Brigadier Will Taylor, OBE, RM (Retired) Lieutenant Commander Desmond Woods, RAN Business Manager Ms Sue Hart Front Cover: The ship’s company in HMAS Success gather on the flight deck to celebrate the ship’s 33rd birthday during IPE19. Photographer: LEUT Daniel Khayat. Back Cover: Officers and sailors from eastern based ships and establishments fall out on HMAS Canberra’s flight deck, at the conclusion of Fleet Divisions in Garden Island, Sydney. Photographer: LSIS Kayla Hayes. 3 Australian Naval Review 2019 Table of Contents Foreword from the President ...................................................................................................... 5 Vice Admiral Peter Jones, AO, DSC, RAN (Retired) 2019 McNeil Prize ....................................................................................................................... 7 Mr Peter Jenkins A Message from the Chief of Navy ............................................................................................... 9 Vice Admiral Michael Noonan, AO, RAN Game Changing in the Indo-Pacific ............................................................................................ 15 Professor John Blaxland Freedom of the Seas? Early Australian attitudes towards maritime belligerent rights ............... 23 Dr Richard Dunley Submarines’ Future – Some Possible Pointers ........................................................................... 32 Dr Norman Friedman Providing certainty at sea: clarifying the rights of warships in relation to innocent passage and military operations in the Exclusive Economic Zone .................................................................. 46 Lieutenant Simon Lindsay, RAN A Strategy of Maritime Pressure ................................................................................................ 64 Dr Thomas G. Mahnken The Royal New Zealand Navy .................................................................................................... 70 Rear Admiral David Proctor 4 Australian Naval Review 2019 Foreword from the President 5 Foreword from the President Vice Admiral Peter Jones, AO, DSC, RAN (Retired) Since the last edition of the Australian Naval Review, the Australian Naval Institute (ANI) has continued to sharpen its efforts to be a meaningful forum to exchange ideas and inform people about Australian and regional naval and maritime issues. To that end we plan to publish two editions of the Australian Naval Review each year. This, the fourth edition of the Australian Naval Review, reflects our desire to provide articles not only about Australian naval developments, but also about the broader region. We are therefore delighted to publish articles from such a distinguished array of senior naval officers, academics and other experts from Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom and the United States. The ANI is very conscious that the Indo-Pacific region is by its nature maritime and that the many naval changes underway will have a profound impact on the future geopolitical environment. For this reason, this edition has articles that span from the technical to the strategic. At this year’s ANI Annual Dinner, the Vernon Parker Oration was delivered by Air Chief Marshal Sir Angus Houston, AK, AFC (Retired). His oration was titled Strategic Challenges and Uncertainty: Navigating a Way Forward and gave an insightful overview of Australia’s future strategic challenges and how it should prepare for 5 Australian Naval Review 2019 Vice Admiral Peter Jones them. The Oration will be included in full in the second edition of the Australian Naval Review for 2019, due to be published late this year. The ANI has over many years highlighted the vital relationship between Australian industry and the maintenance of Australia’s naval capability. In 2017 this appreciation was crystallised with the inauguration of the McNeil Prize which is awarded to an individual or team from Australian industry that has made an outstanding contribution to the Royal Australian Navy’s capability. This edition provides a profile of this year’s very deserving recipient of the McNeil Prize. I trust you enjoy this edition of the Australian Naval Review. Vice Admiral Peter Jones, AO, DSC, RAN (Retired) President Australian Naval Institute 6 Australian Naval Review 2019 2019 McNeil Prize 7 2019 McNeil Prize Peter Jenkins The prestigious Australian Naval Institute McNeil Prize is named in honour of Rear Admiral Percival McNeil, CB, RAN (1883-1951), one of the founding fathers of Australian shipbuilding. Rear Admiral McNeil’s contribution to both the Navy and industry is particularly noteworthy, as was his faith in Australia’s ability to build world class ships. The McNeil Prize, instituted in 2016, is awarded to an individual or team from Australian industry who has made an outstanding contribution to the capabilities and sustainment of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). The McNeil Prize is presented at the Institute’s annual Vernon Parker Oration and dinner, and is judged by an esteemed panel of retired naval officers. This year, the panel consisted of Vice Admiral David Shackleton, AO, RAN (Retired), Rear Admiral Rowan Moffitt, AO, RAN (Retired), and Rear Admiral James Goldrick, AO, CSC, RAN (Retired). This year’s prize was presented by the Deputy Chief of Navy, Rear Admiral Mark Hammond, AM, RAN, in front of a near capacity audience, which included members of the McNeil family, at the Vernon Parker Oration on 5 June 2019. The winner of the 2019 McNeil Prize is Peter Jenkins, founder and Managing Director of Jenkins Engineering Defence Systems Pty Ltd (JEDS). Deputy Chief of Navy, Rear Admiral Mark Hammond, AM, RAN presents the 2019 McNeil Prize to Mr Peter Jenkins, of JEDS. 7 Australian Naval Review 2019 2019 McNeil Prize Peter founded Jenkins Defence & Electronics (J.D. & E.) 30 years ago when, reading the winds of change, he pre-empted Defence’s outsourcing of his Commonwealth Public Service ‘Supervisor Electronics’ role at Garden Islands Dockyards, Sydney, and picked up the electronics work – primarily Electronic
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