DOCSLIB.ORG

Earthstorablepropellan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Earthstorablepropellan " 22539-600|-RO-00 t SPACESHUTTLESEALMATERIAL AND DESIGN DEVELOPMENT FOR __ EARTHSTORABLEPROPELLANTSYSTEMS ] 97400508] -002 ; "'""'" D .,_-_., ReportNo. 22539-6001-R0-00 :..v.,.- ContractNo. NAS 9-12729 "'-'- DRL No. 8 :_:_C" DRD No. SE-411T ; ,X,. F I N A L R E P 0 R T e i4 SPACE SHUTTLESEAL MATERIALAND DESIGN -. _.,_,. DEVELOPMENTFOR EARTHSTORABLEPROPELLANTSYSTEMS _ Preparedfor ._ _. , NASA JOHNSONHouston,SPACECRAFTTexas CENTER }_ OCTOBER1973 IIN; H. MACKLIS,AssistanMtanager ChemicalPropulsionDepartment i TRW ONI I_A(:I _AIIIK • NIOONOO IIACH • CALIFORNIA _ IiIm 1974005081-003 :_ ' _- FOREWORD _ This programwas conductedby TRW SystemsGroup,RedondoBeach, _'_ California,undercontractto the NASA JohnsonSpacecraftCenter,Houston, •_- Texas The contractnumberwas NAS 9-12729 ..,_:. The NASA programmanagerwas Mr. J. W. Griffin. _:_ Numerousgovernmentand industrysourcesprovidedsupportthrough- ;_.':_ out the program,but particularlyduringthe state-of-the-artinvesti- -._ gation. Acknowledgmentof thesemany sourcesis providedin the _ Appendices. _i" The Air F_rceMaterialsLaboratory,WrightPattersonAir ForceBase, Dayton,Chio, providedapprovaland supporti_tthe use of the AF-E-411 _. and AF-E-124DmaterialsthroughMr. J. K. Sieron. " _ Personnelat TRW Systemsresponsiblefor the conductof the program _ include: Mr. J. W. M_rtinand Mr. J. R. Denson,AppliedChemistry _ Department;of the ChemicalMr. R.PropN.ulPosionrter,Depar_Mr. .F._nt.L. AdministrativeMerrittand Mr.andH. M.technicalElmendorf I._ Desuppartment;portwas Mr.providedH. Macklis,by Dr. AssistantE. A. Burns,Manager,Manager,ChemicalAppliedPropulsionChemistry Department;and Mr. D, F. Reeves,Head,PropulsionAuxiliariesSection. The programmanagerwas Mr. R. G. Gilroy. i I | =+ i i i • J m 1974005081-004 "It ;_ ABST.RACT .al, This reportprovidesthe resultsof a programto investigateand characterizeseal materialssuitablefor Space_huttleStorablePropel- j lant Systems. Two new elaston_ricmaterialswere identifiedas being potentially superiorto existingstate-of-theart naterialsfor specificsealing applications.Thesematerialswere.AF-E-I24D. and AF-E-411. AF-E-124D is a curedperfluorinatedpolymersuitablefor use with dinitrogen tetroxideoxidizer,and hydrazinebase fuels. AF-E-411_s an ethylene propyleneterpolymermaterialfor hydrazinebase fuel service. Data are presentedrelativeto low and i,ightemperaturecharacter- "zticsas well as propellantexposureeffects. Types of data includedare: mechanicalproperties,stressstraincurves,frictionand wear character- istics,compressionset and permeability.Sealingtestswith a flat poppet-sealvalvewere conductedfor verificationof sealingcapability. A Seal DesignProcedureis providedwhich containsa step-by-step procedurefor designingseals. The informationleededfor seal design is primarilysummarizedand presentedas well as referencesfor more in-depthinformation. A plan for a controlledmethodof investigatingcontamination sensitivityis also presented. f PreliminarySpecificationsfor AF-E-124Dand AF-E-4ll_r_._ also provided. Limitedpropertiesdata are also providedfor the follow- ing state-of-theart seal materials: Teflon,KeI-F,Kynar,Vespel, EthylenePropyleneRubber,Carbo_ynitrosoRubberand Viton. The bibliographyincludesover 200 referencesrelatingto seal designor materialsand presentsa concisetabulationof the more useful seal designdata sources. ii p maim _ mR ] 97400508 ]-005 CONTENTS ,)._:"' " Page ;J_ 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1 _C:,_a_." 2.0 SUMMARY 2-I "=...." 3.0 PROGRAMDESCRIPTION 3-I •_ 3.1 Task l - Analysis 3-I 7_." 3.2 Task 2 - BasicScreening 3-4 3.4 Task 4 - MaterialCharacterization 3-9 3.4.1 Testsand Test Techniques 3-10 4,0 SEAL MATERIALPROPERTIES 4-I 3.3 Task 3 - Definitionand Development 3-6 :_,;_ 4.1 Descriptionsof MaterialsTested 4-2 4.1.1 AF-E-124D 4-2 :_' 4.1.2 At-E-411 4-6 •._ "-_ 4.1.3 AF,E-41IA 4-8 _" !I_ 4.2 Propertiesand Characteristicsof Tested!,iaterials 4-8 4.2,1 AF-E-124D 4-8 4.2.2 AF-E-411 4-38 4.2.3 AF-E-411A 4-62 4.3 Propertiesof Other Seal Materialsin CommonUse 4-81 4,3.1 TeflonTFE, FEP and Filled 4-85 4.3.24.3.3 KEL-FKynar /p 4-1134-I20 , 4-121 4.3.4 Viton ,_ 4.3.5 Vespel _ 4-135 4.3,6 CarboxynitrosoRubber(CNR) 4-146 4.3.7 EthylenePropyleneTerpolymer 4-151 4.3.8 ButylRubber 4-153 5.0 MATERIALCOMPARISON 5-I 5,1 Seal Materialsfo_ OxidizerService 5-I 5,1.1 Teflonand AF-E-124D 5-2 e ' t 1974005081-006 r4. CONTENTS(Continued) :" Page 5.2 Seal Materialsfor Fuel Service 5-11 5.2.1 AF-E-411,AF-E-124Dand Teflon 5-14 / 5.3 Fabricationand Availabilityof AF-E-124Dand AF-E-41I 5-15 5.3.1 AF-E-411 5-15 5.3.2 AF-E-124D 5-17 6.0 SEALDESIGNPROCEDURE 6-1 6.1 PolymericMaterialPropertiesand Behavior 6-I 6.2 Seal DesignProcedure _-23 6.2.1 Procedure 6-23 6.2.2 LeakageModel 6-27 6.2.3 Choiceof Configuration 6-30 6.2.4 DesignProcedure,Steps1 throughIg 6-42 to 6-110 7.0 CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-I • 7,1 Conclusions 7-I 7.2 Recommendations 7-2 APPENDICES A. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A_I B. EXCERPTSFROM ANALYSISREPORT B-l # C. CONTAMINAIIONSENSITIVITYTEST PLAN C-l D. REFERENCESAND BIBLIOGRAPHY D-l E. MATERIALSPECIFICATIONS E-I ; E-I AF-E-411 E-I-I E-2 AF-E-124D E-2-1 ! iv 1974005081-007 i_ _ FIGURES Page ,,_" 3.] CharacterizationTask Natrix 3-7 , 3.2 Test ValveSeal PoppetConfiguration 3-14 _' 3.3 Seal VerificationTest Setup 3-15 /_-7"- 4.2.1 AF-E-l_4D Compression-DeflectionCharacteristics 4-24 ,_, at +70_Fand +300_F •i_ 4.2.2 AF-E-I24DCompression-DeflectionCharacteristics 4-25 _,_ at -lO0°F ' " 4,2.4 AF-E-124DO-RingsAfter Exposureto Propellants 4-27 i 4.2.3 AF-E-124DLoad-CycleCharacte_'istic_at 70°F 4-26 Compressionat 200°Ffor 22 Hoursin Propellants i 4.2.5 AF-E-124DCompressionSet RecoveryRatesAfter 30% 4-28 _: 4.2.6 N204 PermeabilityThroughAF-E-124D 4-29 •_ 4.2.7 Dow CorningWear Tester 4-30 4.2.8 Wear Ring end Rider 4-30 4,- 4,2.9 AF-E-124DCoefficientsof Frictionin Air 4-31 4,2.10 AF-E-124DCoefficientof Frictio_in 50/50 4-32 4.2,11 AF-E-124DCoefficientsof Frictionin N204 4-32 4.2.12 Wear Comparisonof Teflonand AF-E-411,AF-E-411A, 4-33 AF-E-124D 4.2.13 AF-E-124DBall ValveSeal 4-34 4.2.14 Seat Stressto ObtainZero Leakageas a Function 4-35 of Temperature 4.2.15 Seat Stressto ObtainZero Leakageas a Functionof 4-36 Numberof Cycles 4.2.16 Seat Stressto ObtainZero Laakageas a Functionof 4-37 Propellant ExposureTime " 4.2.17 AF-E-4]ICompression-Deflection,Room Temperature, 4-48 VariedLoa_ Rate 4.2.18 AF-E-411Compression-Deflecti+o3n00°F 4-49 -_ v 4.2.1g AF-E-41]Compression-Deflection-100°F 4-50 v t | 1974005081-008 FIGURES(Continued) Page 4.2.20 AF-E-411Compression-DeflectionHysteresis 4-51 4.2.21 AF-E-41]CompressionSet RecoveryRates 4-52 , 4.2.22 AF-E-411O-Ringafter200°F/22Hour Exposureto 4-53 50/50 4.2.23 Permeabilityof Helium,ThroughAF-E-411 4-54 :.2.24 AF-E-411Coefficientsof Frictionin Air 4-55 % 4.2.25 AF-E-411Coefficientof Frictionin 50/50 4-56 4.2.26 Wear Comparisonof Teflonand AF-E-411,AF-E-4IIA, 4-57 AF-E-124D 4.2.27 AF-E-411Seat Stressto ObtainZero Leakageas a 4-58 Functionof PoppetSurfaceFinish 4.2.28 Seat Stressto ObtainZero Leakageas a Function 4-59 of PropellantExposureTime • 4.2.29 Seat Stressto ObtainZero Leakageas a Function 4-60 of Numberof Cycles 4.2.30 Seat Stressto ObtainZero Leakageas a Functionof 4-61 Temperature 4.2.31 AF-E-411ACompression-Deflectionat 70°F 4-73 t 4.2.32 AF-E-411ACompression-Deflectionat -lO0°Fand +300°F 4-7_ • 4.2.33 AF-E-41IACompression-DeflectionHysteresisand 4-75 Repeatability 4.2.34 AF-E-411ACompressionSet RecoveryRates 4-76 I 4.2.35 HeliumPermeabilityThroughAF-E-411A 4-77 4.2.36 AF-E-411ACoefficientsof Frictionin Air 4-78 , 4.2.37 AF-E-411ACoefficientof Frictionin 50/50 4-79 4.2.38 Wear Comparisonof Teflonand AF-E-411,AF-E-411A, 4-80 AF-E-124D 4.3.1 TeflonTFE StressStrainin Air 4-I01 i 4.3.2 TeflonFEP StressStrainIn Air 4-102 _ vi T, t . _ , , ,q ' 'w ' "" '= w . • . _ u- 1974005081-009 -_ FIGURE3(Continued) Page 4.3.3 TeflonTFE TotalDeformationvs Time -65°F 4-103 4.3.4 TFE and FEP Deformationvs Time +73°F 4-]04 • 4.3.5 TFE and FEP Deformationvs Time +212°F 4-]05 % 4.3.6 TFEElevateand FEPdTemperatureDeformationvs Time underTensileLoad at 4-106 4.3.8 IFE and FEP DeformationUnderCompressiveLoad +212°F 4-108 I 4,3.7 TFE and FEP DeformationUnder CompressiveLoad +73°F 4-I07 4.3,10 TFE and FEP CompressiveRecoveryat +212°F 4-110 _! 4.3,9 TFE and FEP CompressiveRecoveryat +73°F 4-109 4.3.11 TFE and FEP LinearThermalExpansion 4-11l _', 4.3.12 TFE and FEP Coefficientsof Friction 4-I12 _k i_" _ 4,3.13 Coefficientof LinearThermalExpansion-Kel-F 4-118 4.3.14 StressStrainCurvesfor Kel-F 4-]19 4.3.15 KynarCold Flow Resistance 4-124 4,3,16 KynarLinearThermalExpansion 4-125 4.3.17 KynarTGA Analysis 4__._6 i 4.3.18 VitonA MechanicalPropertiesas a Functionof 4-133 Temperature 4.3.19 VitonA Elongationas 3 Functionof Temperature 4-133 4.3,20 VitonB CompressionDeflectionCharacteristics 4-134 4.3,21 Viton E-60CElevatedTemperatureCompressionSet 4-134 in Air 4.3.22 VitonA and E-60CLong Term CompressionSet 4-135 4.3.23 VespelTensiIe Strengthvs Temperature 4-I39 4,3,24 VespelModulusof Elasticityvs Temperature 4-]39 4.3.25 Vespel_._-I,SP-21Stress-StrainCurves-Tension 4-140 vii ; i 1974005081-010 1 . FIGURES(Continued) 4.3.26 VespeiSp-l, SP-21Stress-StrainCurves-Compression 4-]41 4.3.27 VespelSP-22 Stress-StrainCurves-Compression 4-142 / 4.3.28 VespelSP-I Deformationvs Time 4-143 J 4.3.29 VespelSP-21Deformationvs Time 4-143 4.3.30 VespelSP-22 Deformationvs Time 4-144 4.3.31 VespelSP-I and SP-22FatigueResistance 4-144 4.3.32 ThermalExpansionof VespelSP-I and SP-21 4-145 4.3.33 ThermalExpansionof VespelSP-22 4-145 4.3.34 Permeabilityof CNR, TeflonFEP and Butylto N204 4-154
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Guide to Export Controls
    Foreign Affairs, Trade and Affaires étrangères, Commerce et Development Canada Développment Canada A Guide To CANADA’S EXPORT CONTROLS December 2012 Introduction The issuance of export permits is administered by the Export Controls Division (TIE) of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada (DFATD). TIE provides assistance to exporters in determining if export permits are required. It also publishes brochures and Notices to Exporters that are freely available on request and on our website www.exportcontrols.gc.ca. How to contact us: Export Controls Division (TIE) Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada 111 Sussex Drive Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0G2 Telephone: (613) 996-2387 Facsimile: (613) 996-9933 Email: [email protected] For information on how to apply for an export permit and additional information on export controls please refer to our website. To enquire on the status of an export permit application: Recognized EXCOL users can check the status of an export permit application on-line. Non-recognized users can call (613) 996-2387 or email [email protected] and quote your export permit application identification (ref ID) number. Export Controls Division website: www.exportcontrols.gc.ca This Guide, at time of publication, encompasses the list of items enumerated on the Export Control List (ECL) that are controlled for export in accordance with Canadian foreign policy, including Canada’s participation in multilateral export control regimes and bilateral agreements. Unless otherwise specified, the export controls contained in this Guide apply to all destinations except the United States. Canada’s Export Control List can be found at the Department of Justice website at http://canada.justice.gc.ca/.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook on the Management of Munitions Response Actions
    United States Office of Solid Waste and EPA 505-B-01-001 Environmental Protection Emergency Response May 2005 Agency Washington, DC 20460 EPA Handbook on the Management of Munitions Response Actions Interim Final 000735 EPA Handbook on The Management of Munitions Response Actions INTERIM FINAL May 2005 000736 This page intentionally left blank. 000737 Disclaimer This handbook provides guidance to EPA staff. The document does not substitute for EPA’s statutes or regulations, nor is it a regulation itself. Thus, it cannot impose legally binding requirements on EPA, States, or the regulated community, and may not apply to a particular situation based upon the circumstances. This handbook is an Interim Final document and allows for future revisions as applicable. 000738 This page intentionally left blank. 000739 TABLE OF CONTENTS GLOSSARY OF TERMS ..................................................... xiii ACRONYMS ...............................................................xxv 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1-1 1.1 Overview...................................................... 1-1 1.2 The Common Nomenclature ....................................... 1-2 1.3 Organization of This Handbook .................................... 1-5 2.0 REGULATORY OVERVIEW ........................................... 2-1 2.1 Regulatory Overview............................................. 2-2 2.1.1 Defense Environmental Restoration Program .................... 2-2 2.1.2 CERCLA ...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Studies of the Fast and Exotic Ions in Superfluid Helium-4
    Studies of the Fast and Exotic Ions in Superfluid Helium-4 by Wanchun Wei M.Sc., Brown University, 2009 B.Sc., University of Science and Technology of China, 2005 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Physics at Brown University PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2012 © Copyright 2012 by Wanchun Wei Vita Wanchun Wei was born on February 3, 1983 in Dalian, China. He received his B.Sc. in Applied Physics from University of Science and Technology of China in 2005. In the fall of that same year, he started his graduate studies in the Physics Department of Brown University. He earned his M.Sc. in Physics in 2009, and a second M.Sc. in Applied Mathematics in 2011. The work for this thesis began in the summer of 2007. During this work, he received the Forest Award for excellent work related to experimental apparatus in 2010. iv Acknowledgements In the seven years of my graduate studies at Brown University, it was a great pleasure to work with my advisor, Professor Humphrey Maris. I have learned a lot from his profound insight in physics and brilliant attitude to life. I deeply appreciate all of his invaluable guidance, inspiration, patience and consideration during the course of my studies. Without these, I couldn’t accomplish this work as a student who started from knowing nothing about cryogenics. I would like to express my gratitude to Professor George Seidel for his valuable advice and deep discussions during this entire work and to Professor Robert Lanou for his kindly help.
    [Show full text]
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Design and construction of the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wv4t38s Authors Amaudruz, PA Baldwin, M Batygov, M et al. Publication Date 2019-03-01 DOI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.09.006 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Design and Construction of the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Detector P.-A. Amaudruzl, M. Baldwinj, M. Batygovd, B. Beltrana, C. E. Binaa, D. Bishopl, J. Bonattf, G. Boormani, M. G. Boulayf,c, B. Broermanf, T. Bromwichh, J. F. Buenoa, P. M. Burghardtk, A. Butcheri, B. Caif, S. Chanl, M. Chenf, R. Chouinarda, S. Churchwellh, B. T. Clevelandg,d, D. Cranshawf, K. Deringf, J. DiGioseffof, S. Dittmeierl, F. A. Duncany,g,d, M. Dunfordc, A. Erlandsonb,c, N. Fatemighomii, S. Florianf, A. Flowerf, R. J. Fordg,d, R. Gagnonf, P. Giampaf, V. V. Golovkob, P. Gorela,g,d, R. Gorneac, E. Gracei, K. Grahamc, D. R. Granta, E. Gulyevl, A. Halli, A. L. Hallina, M. Hamstraf,c, P. J. Harveyf, C. Hearnsf, C. J. Jillingsg,d, O. Kamaevb, A. Kempi, M. Ku´zniakf,c, S. Langrockd, F. La Ziai, B. Lehnertc, O. Lig, J. J. Lidgardf, P. Liimataineng, C. Liml, T. Lindnerl, Y. Linnl, S. Liua, P. Majewskij, R. Mathewf, A. B. McDonaldf, T. McElroya, K. McFarlaneg, T. McGinny,f, J. B. McLaughlinf, S. Meadl, R. Mehdiyevc, C. Mielnichuka, J. Monroei, A. Muirl, P. Nadeauf, C. Nantaisf, C. Nga, A. J. Noblef, E. O'Dwyerf, C. Ohlmannl, K. Olchanskil, K. S. Olsena, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Manual on Strategic Goods
    L 134/12 EN Official Journal of the European Union 29.5.2009 ANNEX I List referred to in Article 3 of this Regulation LIST OF DUAL-USE ITEMS This list implements internationally agreed dual-use controls including the Wassenaar Arrangement, the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), the Nuclear Suppliers’ Group (NSG), the Australia Group and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). CONTENTS Notes Definitions Acronyms and abbreviations Category 0 Nuclear materials, facilities and equipment Category 1 Special materials and related equipment Category 2 Materials Processing Category 3 Electronics Category 4 Computers Category 5 Telecommunications and ″information security″ Category 6 Sensors and lasers Category 7 Navigation and avionics Category 8 Marine Category 9 Aerospace and Propulsion 29.5.2009 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 134/13 GENERAL NOTES TO ANNEX I 1. For control of goods which are designed or modified for military use, see the relevant list(s) of controls on military goods maintained by individual Member States. References in this Annex that state ″SEE ALSO MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS″ refer to the same lists. 2. The object of the controls contained in this Annex should not be defeated by the export of any non-controlled goods (including plant) containing one or more controlled components when the controlled component or components are the principal element of the goods and can feasibly be removed or used for other purposes. N.B.: In judging whether the controlled component or components are to be considered the principal element, it is necessary to weigh the factors of quantity, value and technological know-how involved and other special circumstances which might establish the controlled component or components as the principal element of the goods being procured.
    [Show full text]
  • CRC Handbook
    $0%"5",&:7"-6&4'035)&3.0%:/".*$4 5IF$PNNJUUFFPO%BUBGPS4DJFODFBOE5FDIOPMPHZ $0%"5" 1B CBS 4FFUIFSFGFSFODFGPSJOGPSNBUJPOPOUIFEFQFOEFODFPG IBTDPOEVDUFEBQSPKFDUUPFTUBCMJTIJOUFSOBUJPOBMMZBHSFFEWBMVFT HBTQIBTFFOUSPQZPOUIFDIPJDFPGTUBOEBSETUBUFQSFTTVSF GPS UIF UIFSNPEZOBNJD QSPQFSUJFT PG LFZ DIFNJDBM TVCTUBODFT 4VCTUBODFTBSFMJTUFEJOBMQIBCFUJDBMPSEFSPGUIFJSDIFNJDBMGPS 5IJT UBCMF QSFTFOUT UIF GJOBM SFTVMUT PG UIF QSPKFDU 6TF PG UIFTF NVMBTXIFOXSJUUFOJOUIFNPTUDPNNPOGPSN SFDPNNFOEFE JOUFSOBMMZ DPOTJTUFOU WBMVFT JT FODPVSBHFE JO UIF 5IFUBCMFJTSFQSJOUFEXJUIQFSNJTTJPOPG$0%"5" BOBMZTJT PG UIFSNPEZOBNJD NFBTVSFNFOUT EBUB SFEVDUJPO BOE QSFQBSBUJPOPGPUIFSUIFSNPEZOBNJDUBCMFT 5IFUBCMFJODMVEFTUIFTUBOEBSEFOUIBMQZPGGPSNBUJPOBU 3FGFSFODF , UIFFOUSPQZBU, BOEUIFRVBOUJUZ )¡ , o )¡ $PY +% 8BHNBO %% BOE.FEWFEFW 7" $0%"5",FZ7BMVFTGPS "WBMVFPGJOUIFȂ G)¡DPMVNOGPSBOFMFNFOUJOEJDBUFTUIFSFGFS 5IFSNPEZOBNJDT )FNJTQIFSF1VCMJTIJOH$PSQ /FX:PSL FODFTUBUFGPSUIBUFMFNFOU5IFTUBOEBSETUBUFQSFTTVSFJT ȂG ) ¡ , 4¡ , ))¡ , ¡ o o o o 4VCTUBODF 4UBUF L+ NPM + , NPM L+ NPM "H DS "H H "H BR "H$M DS o "M DS "M H "M BR o o "M' DS o "M 0 DS DPSVOEVN o "S H # DS SIPNCJD # H #' H o #0 DS o #F DS #F H #F0 DS o #S H #S o BR o #S M #S H $ DS HSBQIJUF $ H $0 H o $0 H o $0 BR VOEJTTPD o o $0 BR o o $B DS $B H $B BR o o $B0 DS o $E DS $E H $E BR o o $E0 DS o $E40 r) 0 DS o $M H $M o BR o o $M0 BR o $M H $T DS $T H $T BR o $V DS $0%"5",FZ7BMVFTGPS5IFSNPEZOBNJDT ȂG ) ¡ , 4¡
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Vacuum Requirements ______1 2
    INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY CRYOGENICS By M. N. Jirmanus, Ph.D. Janis Research Company, Inc. 2 Jewel Drive Wilmington, MA 01887 USA Tel: +1 978 657-8750 Fax: +1 978 658-0349 E-mail: [email protected] www.janis.com PREFACE This work is meant for scientists, students and laboratory personnel who have had little or no experience in cryogenics. It concentrates primarily on cryogenic systems that are commercially available for operation between 1.5 K and 300 K (room temperature). For those users who want to design and build their own equipment, or who are interested in a more detailed analysis of cryogenic systems, a number of excellent references are listed at the end of this booklet. The first section discusses the vacuum requirements of laboratory dewars and variable temperature cryostats. This is followed by a section on liquid helium and liquid nitrogen dewars, and another section on variable temperature cryostats. The next section concentrates on superconducting magnets that are combined with variable temperature cryostats for laboratory experiments, requiring relatively large magnetic fields. Section five describes closed cycle refrigerator cryostats that require no liquid cryogens, and the last section concentrates on experimental techniques, thermometry, and automatic temperature control. This last section also includes a few tables that are helpful in estimating heat loads on the cold stage and attached sample. More detailed information and experimental data are available from the references listed at the end of this booklet. The figures (drawings) spread throughout sections 2 through 6, show a variety of dewar and cryostat designs, based primarily on our experience at Janis.
    [Show full text]
  • Iii 1I W T Tia
    o..ch BriefsSP-5021(21) idex 1979 do iiI 1I W t Tia dk- .T ____ 1-4) 1979 P-5O21 (21)' This document is available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia 22161, at price code A06 ($6.50. domestic; $13.00 foreign). Order NASA SP:5021(21). INTRODUCTION Tech Briefs are short announcements of new technology derived from the research and development activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. These briefs emphasize information considered likely to be transferrable across industrial, regional, or disciplinary lines and are issued to encourage commercial application. This Index to NASA Tech Briefs contains abstracts and four indexes -- subject, personal author, originating Center, and Tech Brief number -- for 1979 Tech Briefs. Abstract Section The abstract section is divided into nine categories: Electronic Components and Circuits; Electronic Systems; Physical Sciences; Materials; Life Sciences; Mechanics; Machinery; Fabrication Technology; and Mathematics and Information Sciences. Within each category, abstracts are arranged sequentially by Tech Brief number. A typical abstract entry has these elements: TECH BRIEF NUMBER TITLE e B79-10298 LOW-COMMON-MODE DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER INNOVATOR S. MORRISON (Westinghouse Electric Corp.) r—w Apr. 1980 DATE MSC-18201 Vol. 4. No. 3. p. 323 ABSTRACT Outputs of differential amplifier are excellently matched in phase and amplitude over wide range of frequencies. Common ORIGINATING mode feedback loop offsets differences between two signal paths. CENTER NUMBER Possible applications of circuit are in oscilloscopes, integrated circuit logic tester, and other self contained instruments. The originating Center number in each entry includes an alphabetical prefix that identifies the NASA Center where the Tech Brief originated.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Fused Imagery Using Eye Movement-Based Measures Of
    CAN UNCLASSIFIED Burning Rates and Thermal Behavior of Bistetrazole Containing Gun Propellants Jonathan Lavoie Catalin-Florin Petre, Pierre-Yves Paradis, Charles Dubois DRDC – Valcartier Research Centre Bibliographic information: Propellants, Explosive, Pyrotechnics, Wiley online library, 2017, 42: 149–157. Date of Publication from External Publisher: February 2017 Defence Research and Development Canada External Literature (P) DRDC-RDDC-2018-P012 February 2018 CAN UNCLASSIFIED CAN UNCLASSIFIED IMPORTANT INFORMATIVE STATEMENTS Disclaimer: This document is not published by the Editorial Office of Defence Research and Development Canada, an agency of the Department of National Defence of Canada, but is to be catalogued in the Canadian Defence Information System (CANDIS), the national repository for Defence S&T documents. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada (Department of National Defence) makes no representations or warranties, expressed or implied, of any kind whatsoever, and assumes no liability for the accuracy, reliability, completeness, currency or usefulness of any information, product, process or material included in this document. Nothing in this document should be interpreted as an endorsement for the specific use of any tool, technique or process examined in it. Any reliance on, or use of, any information, product, process or material included in this document is at the sole risk of the person so using it or relying on it. Canada does not assume any liability in respect of any damages or losses arising out of or in connection with the use of, or reliance on, any information, product, process or material included in this document. This document was reviewed for Controlled Goods by Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) using the Schedule to the Defence Production Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of Contributions
    ICEC/ICMC 2014 Conference Report of Contributions https://indico.cern.ch/e/ICEC25-ICMC2014 ICEC/ICMC 2014 … / Report of Contributions Course 1: Cryo-Coolers Contribution ID: 0 Type: not specified Course 1: Cryo-Coolers Monday, 7 July 2014 11:00 (6 hours) Presenter: DE WAELE, Fons (Eindhoven University of Technology) Session Classification: Monday Courses September 30, 2021 Page 1 ICEC/ICMC 2014 … / Report of Contributions Course 2: Cryostat Design Contribution ID: 1 Type: not specified Course 2: Cryostat Design Monday, 7 July 2014 11:01 (5h 59m) Presenter: WEISAND, John (European Spallation Source) Session Classification: Monday Courses September 30, 2021 Page 2 ICEC/ICMC 2014 … / Report of Contributions Course 3: Superconducting Materi … Contribution ID: 2 Type: not specified Course 3: Superconducting Materials for Power Applications Monday, 7 July 2014 11:02 (5h 55m) Presenter: TIXADOR, Pascal (CNRS - Grenoble) Session Classification: Monday Courses September 30, 2021 Page 3 ICEC/ICMC 2014 … / Report of Contributions Excursion 1 to AmpaCity in Essen … Contribution ID: 3 Type: not specified Excursion 1 to AmpaCity in Essen/Germany (cable project) and High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HMFL - Nijmegen Friday, 11 July 2014 08:00 (10 hours) Session Classification: Technical Visits September 30, 2021 Page 4 ICEC/ICMC 2014 … / Report of Contributions Excursion 2 to Philips Healthcare, … Contribution ID: 4 Type: not specified Excursion 2 to Philips Healthcare, Stirling and Thales - Eindhoven Friday, 11 July 2014 08:00 (10h 45m) Session Classification:
    [Show full text]
  • INTRODUCTION to LABORATORY CRYOGENICS M.N. Jirmanus, Ph.D
    INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY CRYOGENICS By M.N. Jirmanus, Ph.D. Janis Research Company, Inc. 2 Jewel Drive Wilmington, MA 01887 Tel: (978) 657·8750 Fax: (978) 658·0349 .' Preface This work is meant for scientists, students, and laboratory personnel who have had little or no experience in cryogenics. It concentrates primarily on cryogenic systems that are commercially available for operation between 1.5 K and 300 K (room temperature). For those users who want to design and build their own equipment, or who are interested in a more detailed analysis of cryogenic systems, a number of excellent references are listed at the end of this booklet. The first section discusses the vacuum requirements for laboratory dewars and variable temperature cryostats. This is followed by a section on liquid helium and liquid nitrogen dewars, and another section on variable temperature cryostats. The next section concentrates on superconducting magnets that are combined with variable temperature cryostats for laboratory experiments, requiring relatively large magnetic fields. section five describes closed cycle refrigerator cryostats that require no liquid cryogens, and the last section concentrates on experimental techniques, thermometry, and automatic temperature control. This last section also includes a few tables that are helpful in estimating heat loads on the cold stage and attached sample. More detailed information and experimental data are available from the referencea.listed.at.the end of this section. The figures (drawings) spread throughout sections 2 through 5, show a variety of dewar and cryostat designs, based primarily on our experience at Janis. These designs have evolved over a 30 year period, and represent a typical cross section of laboratory units that can be used for a wide variety of experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020-03-23T11:01:47+00:00Z -L
    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19720013830 2020-03-23T11:01:47+00:00Z -l FOREWORD It is possible that your company's economic growth can be increased through the use of new and improved materials, equipment, and techniques developed by the aerospace industry. The results of the research and development efforts can assist you in ach ieving lower unit costs, an improved competitive position, developing new products, and increasing the profits of your business. By assisting you in realizing these goals, ASA's and SBA's Technology Util ization Programs are helping to apply the results of the aero­ space industry's research and development activities . Thus, the public earns an in creased return on their invest men t in the space effort. Additional technical information on the material presented can be requested by circling the appropriate number on the Reader Service Card which is included in this compilation. Unless otherwise stated, neither ASA nor SBA contemplates any patent action on the technology described. NOTICE This document was prepared under the ponsorship of the ational Aeronau tics and Space Admini tration. Neither the United States Government nor any person acting on behalf of the United States Government assumes any li abi ljty resulting from the use of the information con tajned in this document, or warrants that such use will be free from privately owned rights. For sale by the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22151. $1.00 CONTENTS SECTION 1. SEALING TECHNIQUES Rubber and Alumin a Gasket~ Retain FOR CRYOGENIC FLUIDS Vacuum Seal in Hi gh -Temperature EMF Cell .
    [Show full text]