Inclusive Tennis Activity Cards

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Inclusive Tennis Activity Cards Inclusive Tennis Teacher Resource Activity Cards Inclusive Tennis Teacher Resource HOW TO USE THESE TESTIMONIALS ACTIVITY CARDS TEACHER, “This resource and equipment has made SUSSEX a huge impact on our students who have These activity cards are suitable for children of all ages never played tennis before.” and abilities and can be used in a number of different ways: 1. Build cards together to form a session 2. Use the cards for additional/new ideas, to build into existing sessions 3. Use the cards as part of a festival, or circuit activity session “The Inclusive Tennis Teacher Resource and Each card has some, or all of the following information: free equipment has had a significant impact on 1. CATEGORY: PE and extra curricular activities at our school… EACH ACTIVITY CARD FEATURES: Before receiving this equipment, tennis was AGILITY, BALANCE, COORDINATION (ABCS) ................ 5 An image with key text descriptors not taught at our school, but it has now become and a key to show you what the a key aspect of school sport.” TEACHER, format of the activity is as well as quality points: SOMERSET MAIN THEME ...........................................................27 7 Counting & Scoring COMPETITION ..........................................................63 “The equipment has allowed our Winning a Point students to embrace a new sport giving them the opportunity to 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES participate in tennis for the first time.” TEACHER, 3. ORGANISATION AND EQUIPMENT In and Out CHESHIRE 4. ACTIVITY OR ACTIVITIES: Sometimes there are alternative ways of doing the activity, which are equally as beneficial. Rules If the activities are numbered, they are in a progressive order i TEACHER, “This resource for Special Schools 5. EASIER & HARDER: How to make the activity easier or harder SCOTLAND 6. QUALITY POINTS: Points you need to look for and encourage is just what it says – special!” 7. DISCOVER: Questions you can ask to help the children learn MORE INFO... for themselves Additional copies of the activity 8. COMPETITION: A competitive version of the activity to cards can be downloaded from: use in the last part of the session 2 www.schoolstennis.org 3 READY STEADY Jog, then get ready... Quality points Coordinate arms and legs when running. Stop quietly and balanced, with knees bent and feet apart. Head up and still when balancing. ...then... ...balanced on tiptoes... ...on bottom... ...on hand ...backhand... and one knee... ...on hand and one foot... ...forehand 4 5 READY STEADY BOUNCE ABOUT 7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Quality points • Run in different directions and stop with control. Start in ready • Get ready in a balanced position. Keep body height the same, position not bobbing up and down. • Balance on various parts of the body. Bounce the ball at around waist height. • Know the names of tennis shots. Watch the ball and be aware Bounce with ORGANISATION of spaces and other players alternate hands... • Equipment: rackets. Control your racket with a steady wrist. • Define the playing area and boundaries. • Position the players in the area and demonstrate. • Highlight the need to stay in the area and watch other players to avoid collisions. ACTIVITY ...while hopping... Players jog around the court in different directions. On the ready command of the teacher; they stop in a ready position then run to the nearest line and balance (steady) in a particular way indicated by the teacher. Do in different ways: ...while • Without rackets, teacher calls out one foot and one hand, bottom, skipping... on tiptoes, one knee and one hand etc. Players balance on those parts. • With rackets, teacher calls out forehand, backhand, serve, smash, etc. Players get into a position as if going to do that shot. ...while side-stepping... Easier Harder Run and stop on a line with both feet in a ready position. Hold the balance positions for different lengths of time. Stand or jog on the spot, on command of ready, players change to ready position. DISCOVER • What’s the best way to stop when the teacher calls ‘ready’? Bounce the ball using the racket... • Which parts of your body hold you in position when you balance? • What are you thinking about and where are you looking when you get ready? 6 7 BOUNCE ABOUT 7 CROSS THE RIVER LEARNING OBJECTIVES Quality points • Move in different directions and awareness of spaces. • Control a ball and watch bounces. Bend at the knees as well as the waist to get low. ORGANISATION Not too fast, keep balanced. • Equipment: balls, rackets for harder activity. Think carefully where to place • Define the playing area. the next line. Start with three • Position players in the area and demonstrate. throw-down lines • Highlight the need to watch each other to avoid collisions. ACTIVITY Players move around the area bouncing a ball in basketball dribble style. Move by walking, jogging, sidestepping or walking backwards, keeping control of the ball. Change the action on the command of the teacher, e.g. ready, left hand, Find better right hand, both hands, alternate hands, skipping, hopping, at the side. ways to move Easier Harder Use a bigger ball. Change direction on command. Bounce and catch each time. Bounce the ball to different heights. Bounce with the favourite hand and move slowly. Use a racket to bounce the ball. DISCOVER • Which part of your hands touch the ball? • Is the ball rising or falling when you first touch it? • How can you make the ball bounce slower or faster? Start again if you fall off the line 8 9 CROSS THE RIVER JUMP SQUARE LEARNING OBJECTIVES Quality points • Balance whilst moving, turning and stretching. Moguls Keep head still and eyes focused ORGANISATION Jump from forwards on all jumps. side to side • Equipment: throw-down lines. Bend knees for take off and landing. • Set up the river from the baseline to the net. • Position the players at the baseline and explain the task. Get balanced on landing before Avoid demonstrating, let them work it out for themselves. moving off again. • Organise the players into 2s with 3 lines each. Keep a good rhythm for repeated jumps. ACTIVITY Ask Player 1 to cross the river by creating a pathway using the lines, working out the best way to do it. Player 2 then crosses the river. Challenge players to get across without stepping off a line and find different ways. Hops Easier Harder Change foot at the marker Players have an assistant to help Use 2 throw down-lines. Jump the River move the lines. Jump off one foot, In 2s players cross together using only 3 lines. land on two feet The whole path is laid out using many lines and players just cross. Split into teams and race, players start again if they step off the line. Moguls DISCOVER • How far apart do you put the lines down? • How do you balance when you bend to pick up a line? • Which is the best way to face? Hops • Can you find another way to do it? Jump the River Kangaroo Jumps Jump with both feet together Kangaroo Jumps 10 11 JUMP SQUARE THROW & GO 7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Quality points • Jump with different take offs and landings. • Land softly, safely and balanced, and ready to move on again. Stop and balance before throwing. Throw from ORGANISATION Turn the body keeping the head forehand side... • Equipment: throw-down lines. still and shoulders level. • Create a large square in the court area with a line marking Follow through with arms. each corner and lines as prompts for the jumping activity. • Position the players outside the area and demonstrate the jumps along each side of the square. • Organise the same number of players at each corner. ...backhand ACTIVITY side... • Players jump the side of the square to the corner. The player at the front of the line waits until the person jumping the line behind them reaches their corner before setting off. Each side of the square is different: • Jump the river - run then jump taking off on 1 foot landing on 2 feet then run on to the end. • Moguls - 2-footed jumps zigzagging along the track. • Hops - hop on 1 foot to the middle then on the other to the end of the track. 3 • Kangaroo jumps - 2-footed jumps along the track. Easier Harder Go slower. Make the activity faster and more dynamic. Start with 2 sides of the square Create more difficult activities e.g. combination of jumps ...or overhead and gradually add more.. such as hopscotch, star jumps. In a team count how many times the players go round a square in a set time. 2 DISCOVER • What do you do before you jump? 1 • How do your arms help you to balance when you are hopping or jumping? 12 13 THROW & GO 7 HIGH, MIDDLE & LOW 7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Quality points Players learn how to: • Turn the body to throw. Get ready with feet apart With a big ball use two hands and hands ready. • Balance whilst turning. and no bounces Work out the movement of the other ORGANISATION player and send the ball ahead. • Equipment: big balls, throw-down lines. Catch the ball in front of your body. • Set up a track for each group of 4/5 players. • Position the players at the side of a track and demonstrate. • Organise players on each track, 2/3 at one end and 2/3 at the other. ACTIVITY With a tennis ball let Player 1 runs a few steps forward to the line, stops and throws the ball using 2 the ball bounce hands and a sidearm action. The ball bounces in front of the player at the other line, who catches it. Player 1 then runs across the court to join the back of the line just thrown to.
Recommended publications
  • THE ROGER FEDERER STORY Quest for Perfection
    THE ROGER FEDERER STORY Quest For Perfection RENÉ STAUFFER THE ROGER FEDERER STORY Quest For Perfection RENÉ STAUFFER New Chapter Press Cover and interior design: Emily Brackett, Visible Logic Originally published in Germany under the title “Das Tennis-Genie” by Pendo Verlag. © Pendo Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich and Zurich, 2006 Published across the world in English by New Chapter Press, www.newchapterpressonline.com ISBN 094-2257-391 978-094-2257-397 Printed in the United States of America Contents From The Author . v Prologue: Encounter with a 15-year-old...................ix Introduction: No One Expected Him....................xiv PART I From Kempton Park to Basel . .3 A Boy Discovers Tennis . .8 Homesickness in Ecublens ............................14 The Best of All Juniors . .21 A Newcomer Climbs to the Top ........................30 New Coach, New Ways . 35 Olympic Experiences . 40 No Pain, No Gain . 44 Uproar at the Davis Cup . .49 The Man Who Beat Sampras . 53 The Taxi Driver of Biel . 57 Visit to the Top Ten . .60 Drama in South Africa...............................65 Red Dawn in China .................................70 The Grand Slam Block ...............................74 A Magic Sunday ....................................79 A Cow for the Victor . 86 Reaching for the Stars . .91 Duels in Texas . .95 An Abrupt End ....................................100 The Glittering Crowning . 104 No. 1 . .109 Samson’s Return . 116 New York, New York . .122 Setting Records Around the World.....................125 The Other Australian ...............................130 A True Champion..................................137 Fresh Tracks on Clay . .142 Three Men at the Champions Dinner . 146 An Evening in Flushing Meadows . .150 The Savior of Shanghai..............................155 Chasing Ghosts . .160 A Rivalry Is Born .
    [Show full text]
  • Kinematic Analysis of the Racket Position During the Table Tennis Top Spin Forehand Stroke
    applied sciences Article Kinematic Analysis of the Racket Position during the Table Tennis Top Spin Forehand Stroke Ivan Malagoli Lanzoni 1,* , Sandro Bartolomei 1 , Rocco Di Michele 1, Yaodong Gu 2 , Julien S. Baker 3 , Silvia Fantozzi 4 and Matteo Cortesi 5 1 Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (R.D.M.) 2 Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; [email protected] 3 Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; [email protected] 4 Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] 5 Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-051-2088777 Abstract: The present study aims to assess the position of the racket, and racket height with respect to the floor, during the table tennis top spin stroke. A stereophotogrammetric system (Smart-D, BTS, 8 cameras, 550 Hz) was used to track the table tennis racket during cross-court (CC) and long-line (LL) shots. Ten national level players completed ten CC and ten LL top spin strokes responding to a robot machine. The racket motion throughout the shot showed specific technical characteristics: the minimum height of the racket was detected during the backswing phase; racket height at the end of backswing phase (maximal distance racket/table) was higher than the minimum; height at Citation: Malagoli Lanzoni, I.; the racket maximum velocity (ball/racket impact) was greater than the net’s height.
    [Show full text]
  • Tennis in Colorado
    Year 32, Issue 5 The Official Publication OfT ennis Lovers Est. 1976 WINTER 08/09 FALL 2008 From what we get, we can make a living; what we give, however, makes a life. Arthur Ashe Celebrating the true heroes of tennis USTA COLORADO Gates Tennis Center 3300 E Bayaud Ave, Suite 201 Denver, CO 80209 303.695.4116 PAG E 2 COLORADO TENNIS WINTER 2008/2009 VOTED THE #3 BEST TENNIS RESORT IN AMERICA BY TENNIS MAGAZINE TENNIS CAMPS AT THE BROA DMOOR The Broadmoor Staff has been rated as the #1 teaching staff in the country by Tennis Magazine for eight years running. Join us for one of our award-winning camps this winter or spring on our newly renovated courts! If weather is inclement, camps are held in our indoor heated bubble through April. Fall & Winter Camp Dates: Date: Camp Level: Dec 28-30 Professional Staff Camp for 3.0-4.0’s Mixed Doubles “New Year’s Weekend” Feb 13-15 3.5 – 4.0 Mixed Doubles “Valentine’s Weekend” Feb 20-22 3.5 – 4.0 Women’s w/ “Mental Toughness” Clinic Mar 13-15 3.5 – 4.0 Coed Mar 27-29 3.0 – 4.0 Coed “Broadmoor’s Weekend of Jazz” May 22-24 3.5 – 4.0 Coed “Dennis Ralston Premier” Camp May 29 – 31 All Levels “Dennis Ralston Premier” Camp Tennis Camps Include: • 4:1 student/pro (players are grouped with others of their level) • Camp tennis bag, notebook and gift • Intensive instruction and supervised match play • Complimentary court time and match arranging • Special package rates with luxurious Broadmoor room included or commuter rate available SPRING TEAM CAMPS Plan your tennis team getaway to The Broadmoor now! These three-day, two-night weekends are still available for a private team camp: January 9 – 11, April 10 – 12, May 1 – 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Tennis Technique
    THIS CONTENT IS A PART OF A FULL BOOK - TENNIS FOR STUDENTS OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITY - SOFIA https://polis-publishers.com/kniga/tenis-rukovodstvo-za-studenti/ Tennis technique I. Basics of technique. Essence of the technical training Tennis is a sport that develops primarily at the expense of improving the technique. Even the most developed motor skills, mental toughness, fighting, etc. cannot replace or compensate for its lack (Todorov 1985). Therefore, according to specialists, it should prevail in the training process as its main component (Scorrudduva 1985). Technique in sports is understood as ways of performing motor activities. "A man never moves at all, but always acts" (Bernstein 1962). In its whole, the technique represents the "exit door" to show the overall sports training. It is defined as "a specialized system of simultaneous and consecutive movements towards a rational organization of the interaction between internal and external forces acting on the athlete’s body with the aim of their fullest and most efficient use to achieve the highest possible result" (Djaichkov 1967). It includes in itself both the form and content of the athlete's movements. There are no movements unrelated to their own quantitative and qualitative aspects ( Васильев 1961). The game has usually three phases: offense - when one side controls the ball; defense - the other side does not control the ball, and intermediate - when both sides act without a ball (Ports 1986). It is played on the basis of certain established technical habits - automated elements of the conscious activity, which includes active search, information processing, mental solution and its physical implementation (Porton 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Breakpoint 2019 Press Release
    ! ! FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE. 6 MARCH 2019." BRIGHT IDEAS FOR TENNIS LAUNCHES BREAKPOINT 2019 TO RAISE AWARENESS OF MENTAL HEALTH Nationwide charity tennis challenge supported by the LTA and AELTC to fundraise for important cause This summer, Robyn Moore, who suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder, will aim to hit 200,000 tennis shots as she takes on the Breakpoint 2019 challenge to raise awareness of and raise funds for mental health. Supported by the charity Bright Ideas for Tennis, Robyn will play for a minimum of 8 hours per day for 30 consecutive days, hitting the ball 5 million metres to represent 1 metre for every adult individual in the UK who currently experiences mental ill health. Her tennis shots will be recorded by Swing™, an app that will track every ball she hits. Acknowledging the benefits that tennis has for mental health, funds raised from Breakpoint 2019 will expand the Bright Ideas for Tennis programme, I Play 30, that provides free sessions to all disability groups throughout the UK, with a particular ongoing focus on mental health. Breakpoint 2019 will begin on 1 June 2019 in Robyn’s home county of Hampshire and continue to over 46 venues across the UK. Each day will be a festival of tennis - open to the public to watch and participate. Through the support of the LTA, Robyn will play in parks, schools, tennis clubs, community centres and at some of the ATP and WTA grass court season tournaments in the build up to The Championships, Wimbledon. Robyn will hit her final shots at the All England Club Community Sports Ground on 30 June, the day before Wimbledon 2019 commences.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyzing Racket Sports from Broadcast Videos
    Analyzing Racket Sports From Broadcast Videos Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Computer Science and Engineering by Research by Anurag Ghosh 201302179 [email protected] International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad - 500 032, India June 2019 Copyright c Anurag Ghosh, 2019 All Rights Reserved International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, India CERTIFICATE It is certified that the work contained in this thesis, titled “Analyzing Racket Sports From Broadcast Videos” by Anurag Ghosh, has been carried out under my supervision and is not submitted elsewhere for a degree. Date Adviser: Prof. C.V. Jawahar To Neelabh Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my adviser, Prof. C.V. Jawahar for his constant support and encouragement to explore and chart my own research path. The freedom he has afforded has been liberating and the guidance I have got from him has been the most cherished part of my research journey. He has always been the primary source of inspiration to learn work ethics in research. I hope I have learnt a minuscule fraction from him and imbibed some his research style and methodology, apart from his rigorous yet interesting classes. I would also like to specially thank Dr. Kartheek Alahari for accepting to work with me and listening to my ideas very patiently, and I hope I have learnt some aspects of a researcher in his guidance. I’m really fond of my stints as a TA under Prof. Naresh Manwani and his encouragement and support has been unparalleled, and I surely wish to become a mentor like him some day.
    [Show full text]
  • Ready, Steady, Tennis Pupils Jog Around Area With
    Year 6 – Tennis – Lesson 5 – Combining Shots Learning objective: To use footwork to make space for an oncoming ball. (all) To use tennis shots in combination to win points against an opponent. (most) To work competitively to win a point using either a forehand or backhand. (some) Lesson Structure Introduction/ warm-up (Connection and Activation) With timings Differentiation (Extension/Support) Ready, Steady, Tennis 5 Minutes Extension: Pupils jog around area with racket in hand, on command (ready) students assume the tennis ready position. • Change travel. • After the ready position students hold a balanced Find the Rhythm position. 5 minutes Pupils facing inwards (around the edge of the PE area) with a ball at their feet. Pupils tap their toes on the ball, (right then left) and pick up speed as they work. Main (Development/ Application) With timings Differentiation (Extension/Support) Partner 1 On 1 Rally Support: • Use the floor instead of having the ball bouncing. Rally the ball with your partner using forehands and backhands. Pupils can give themselves more time to get into position to hit a forehand by bumping the ball upwards (to themselves) so that they 15 Minutes Extension: • Make net size smaller in width so there is less can send it back over the net to their partner. Encourage all pupils to space to score. use quick, small steps to move around the ball and make space for the ball. www.moving-matters.org Support: Maneuver Your Opponent • Under arm serve to start. 15 Minutes • Ball can bounce more than once. With a partner in a marked court/area pupils attempt to maneuver their opponent using forehands and backhands using a simple Extension: scoring system (1, 2,3, 4.......).
    [Show full text]
  • Tennis for Boys and Girls Skills Test Manual. INSTITUTION American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, Reston, VA
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 313 366 SP 031 746 AUTHOR Hensley, Larry, Ed. TITLE Tennis for Boys and Girls Skills Test Manual. INSTITUTION American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, Reston, VA. National Association for Sport and Physical Education. REPORT NO ISBN-0-88314-442-5 PUB DATE 89 NOTE 56p. AVAILABLE FROMAmerican Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance Publications, 1900 Association Drive, Reston, VA 22091. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE MFO1 Plus Postage. PC Not Available"fromEDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Drills (Practice); Higher Education; *Norm Referenced Tests; Physical Education; Secondary Education; Skill Development; *Student Evaluation; *Tennis; Test Selection ABSTRACT The first chapter of this manual for tennis instructors provides an overview of the game of tennis, a brief history of the background of skill testing in tennis, and general instructions for using the manual. The second chapter presents tests for ground stroke, serve and vollgy, as well as suggestions on selecting the most appropriate tests. Diagrams and scoring rules are included. In the third chapter the use of norms is explained and tables list percentile and T-score norm tables for males and females in grades nine to college. The fourth chapter provides detailed descriptions of tennis drills for the basic skills in ground stroke, service, and volley. References are included and appendices contain the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance tennis skills
    [Show full text]
  • Inclusive Tennis Teacher Resource
    Inclusive Tennis Teacher Resource Activity Cards Inclusive Tennis Teacher Resource HOW TO USE THESE TESTIMONIALS ACTIVITY CARDS TEACHER, “This resource and equipment has made SUSSEX a huge impact on our students who have These activity cards are suitable for children of all ages never played tennis before.” and abilities and can be used in a number of different ways: 1. Build cards together to form a session 2. Use the cards for additional/new ideas, to build into existing sessions 3. Use the cards as part of a festival, or circuit activity session “The Inclusive Tennis Teacher Resource and Each card has some, or all of the following information: free equipment has had a significant impact on 1. CATEGORY: PE and extra curricular activities at our school… EACH ACTIVITY CARD FEATURES: Before receiving this equipment, tennis was AGILITY, BALANCE, COORDINATION (ABCS) ................ 5 An image with key text descriptors not taught at our school, but it has now become and a key to show you what the a key aspect of school sport.” TEACHER, format of the activity is as well as quality points: SOMERSET MAIN THEME ...........................................................27 7 Counting & Scoring COMPETITION ..........................................................63 “The equipment has allowed our Winning a Point students to embrace a new sport giving them the opportunity to 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES participate in tennis for the first time.” TEACHER, 3. ORGANISATION AND EQUIPMENT In and Out CHESHIRE 4. ACTIVITY OR ACTIVITIES: Sometimes there are alternative ways of doing the activity, which are equally as beneficial. Rules If the activities are numbered, they are in a progressive order i TEACHER, “This resource for Special Schools 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Tennis Rules
    GROUP 1 Tennis Rules Tennis is a sport that originated in England around the 19th century and is now played in a host of countries around the world. There are four major tournaments known as the ‘majors’ that include Wimbledon, US Open, French Open and Australian tournament. Object of the Game The game of tennis played on a rectangular court with a net running across the centre. The aim is to hit the ball over the net landing the ball within the margins of the court and in a way that results in your opponent being unable to return the ball. You win a point every time your opponent is unable to return the ball within the court. Players & Equipment A tennis match can be played by either one player on each side – a singles match – or two players on each side – a doubles match. The rectangular shaped court has a base line (at the back), service areas (two spaces just over the net in which a successful serve must land in) and two tram lines down either side. A singles match will mean you use the inner side tram line and a doubles match will mean you use the outer tram line. A court can be played on four main surfaces including grass, clay, hard surface and carpet. Each tournament will choose one surface type and stick without throughout. All that is required in terms of equipment is a stringed racket each and a tennis ball. Scoring You need to score four points to win a game of tennis.
    [Show full text]
  • Inside the STMS-February 2010
    Inside the February 2010 Hello Everyone, By the time you receive this newsletter, you will know you has won the Australian Open. As the first Grand Slam of the year, it marks the beginning of another year of exciting tennis on both the ATP World Tour and WTA Tour. This last year also has been even more interesting with the return of high profile players who had extended absences such as Justin Henin, Richard Gasquet, and Kim Clijsters. We are all well aware of the challenges of a long, grueling tournament year. The WTA has made some proactive steps to try to mitigate the number of injuries. There is a recently added “Health section on the website” as well as a computer based program that allows players to schedule their own tournaments. This program applies alerts also when the number of consecu- tive tournaments increases beyond the third, whereby prior WTA data suggests and increased risk of injury. The WTA has also brought in a novel idea of introducing a 4 week and 8 week “off season” as part of the tour calendar just after Wimbledon and prior to the beginning of the year tournaments. The ITF has contemplated doing a Davis Cup every other year “World Cup” format for a few weeks. Finally, modifications to the cramping rule have been introduced this year, so that it may not be used as a medical timeout to mitigate unfair uses of medical treatments during a match. Medically-indicated conditions can of course still be treated such as whole body cramping, dehydration/heat illness as well as other concerning conditions that may present as cramping.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Effects of Ball Speed and Spin in Grand Slam
    EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF BALL SPEED AND SPIN IN GRAND SLAM TENNIS MATCH-PLAY by OLIVIA JAYNE CANT Bachelor of Exercise and Sports Science (Honours) Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DECEMBER 2020 ii ABSTRACT This thesis featured modern technology to investigate the effect of ball speed and spin on aspects of on-court hitting performance. Adjusting a shot’s ball flight – be that in the form of speed and/or spin – is a tennis tactic that features in almost every point that is played. Past research has highlighted the importance of generating high shot speeds for on-court performance, While the limited empirical Work that has examined the influence of ball spin has largely relied on indirect measures. Indeed, even With ball-tracking systems such as HaWk-Eye being commonplace at professional-level tournaments, the precision of proprietary spin measures is not Well understood and limits the extent to Which they can be used to derive insight by scientists and practitioners. During rally play, it is rare for players to produce just ball speed or spin for any given shot; more logically generating varying combinations of both speed and spin. The interplay betWeen these characteristics has been largely overlooked in the literature; so much so that the popular concept of stroke heaviness, thought to capture the unique combined effects of speed and spin, has not been explored. Further, research relating shot characteristics (i.e., speed) With point outcomes is too simplistic as it essentially disregards the influence of one shot on the next, including how incoming shot characteristics shape the impact and quality of an opponent’s reply.
    [Show full text]