Zvyšování Kvality Výuky Technických Oborů
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Zvyšování kvality výuky technických oborů Klíčová aktivita II.2 Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky směřující k rozvoji odborných kompetencí žáků středních škol Téma II.2.2 English and American Life and Institutions Kapitola 31 Culture in the U.S.A. (Part 1) Ing. Martin Fišer 15.12.2012 Obsah ÚVOD - ANOTACE ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1 CULTURE IN THE U.S.A. (PART 1) ............................................ CHYBA! ZÁLOŽKA NENÍ DEFINOVÁNA.2 1.1 LITERATURE, PRESS .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 MUSIC ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 FAMOUS AMERICANS ........................................................................................................................... 3 2 POUŽITÁ LITERATURA A ZDROJE ...................................................................................................... 7 Úvod - anotace Výukový materiál je primárně určen pro žáky 3. a 4. ročníků čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou (39-41-L/01 Autotronik, 33-42-M/01 Nábytkářská a dřevařská výroba, 23- 45-M/01 Dopravní prostředky, 36-45-M/01 Technická zařízení budov, 39-41-L/002 Mechanik instalatérských a elektrotechnických zařízení budov) a 2. ročníků nástavbového studia (23-43-L/51 Provozní technika, 64-41-L/51 Podnikání). Materiál lze rovněž v nezměněné podobě využít při výuce nadanějších žáků v nižších ročnících uvedených oborů – indidualizaci výuky. V 1. a 2. ročnících čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou a ve všech ročnících oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou lze využít ty části výukového materiálu zaměřené na rozšíření a procvičení slovní zásoby. V rámci seznámení se s problematikou reálií a života v anglicky mluvících zemí je výukový materiál vhodné použít jako podpůrný a doplňkový studijní materiál v předmětu Anglický jazyk. Jednotlivá témata korespondují s tématickými plány vypracovanými v souladu s ŠVP pro dané obory a vycházejí z požadavků RVP. Jazyková úroveň výukového materiálu je v souladu s požadavky úrovně Intermadiate - B1 (středně pokročilý) Společného evropského referenčního rámce pro jazyky. Témata výukového materiálu korespondují s obsahovou náplní a zaměřením běžně používaných učebnic pro výuku anglického jazyka na středních školách. Výukový materiál je koncipován jako ucelený soubor a lze je tudíž ve výuce i při následném samostudiu používat odděleně. Před použitím výukového materiálu se doporučuje vytisknout jej tak, aby každý žák měl svůj vlastní, jelikož je možno do něj přímo zapisovat a plnit předepsané úkoly. Kapitola zahrnuje souvislý text, jenž je souhrnným představením daného tématu. Následují cvičení zaměřená na kontrolu porozumění textu nebo na další prohloubení, či rozšíření znalostí, jazykových dovedností nebo slovní zásoby. Vypracoval – Ing. Martin Fišer 1 1 Culture in the U.S.A. (part 1) 1.1 Literature, Press In the U.S.A. newspaper production is much bigger than the book production. In the number of published books per head, the U.S.A. is behind most European countries. There are about 800 publishing houses in the U.S.A. at present. About 10 million Americans are members of book clubs and receive books regularly at reduced prices. There are also more than 30,000 libraries in the U.S.A. The largest university libraries are Harvard University Library with 10 million volumes, and Yale University Library with 7 million volumes. The nation's largest library is the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., which now occupies three buildings.At present the library's collection contains 73 million items. There are also about 9,500 public libraries in the U.S.A. and they are free of charge. The largest public libraries are the New York Public Library with 15 million books. But the Americans are not great readers. Only about one seventh of the population are regular users of public libraries. The first American paper, The New York Sun, was first published in 1833. At the end of the last century the most significant newspaper publisher was Joseph Pulitzer, a Hungarian immigrant, whose Pulitzer prizes have become America's highest newspaper and book honours. Later The New York Times emerged. At present more than 9,000 newspapers are published in the U.S.A. The daily newspapers with the largest circulation are all quality papers. The Wall Street Journal approaches nearly two million. Then come The New York Daily News, and The New York Times with a circulation over one million, followed by The Washington Post, The New York Post, The Chicago Tribune, The Detroit News and many others. Magazines had become major marketing devices.Very popular are: Time (launched in 1923), Newsweek, Business Week, U.S. News and World Report. At present there are over 11,000 magazines and periodicals in the U.S.A. Some of them also have international editions. The best-known of them are National Geographic, Reader's Digest, and Time. 1 2 1 http://lifeintheusa.com 2 Working and Living USA 2 1.2 Music Music of all kinds is extremely popular in the U.S.A. There are about 1,500 symphony orchestras in the U.S.A., situated mainly in large towns. The New York Philharmonic and the great orchestras of Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, and Chicago are known throughout the whole world. There are 80 opera companies in the U.S.A. The largest one is the Metropolitan Opera Company in New York, which ranks among the best in the world. American music began to develop after the First World War. The most successful composer was George Gershwin (1898 - 1937), who succeeded best in joining jazz music with symphonic music, from which the prototype of modern American music arose. The United States i salso known as an important place of popular music. They were jazz (originated in New York City), Negro spirituals and blues (with it´s centre in New Orleans), then religious songs, and the tradition of folk ballad-singers (centre of folk and country music is Nashville) as well as many derived musical styles that have changed the world of music forever. Very popular has become RńB style combining traditional blues and soul with modern styles and Rap music, which is connected with the culture of Hip-Hop. Festivals of music are held every year especially in summer. Two of the best-known festivals are held at Tangelwood, Massachusetts, and at Aspen, Colorado. 1.3 Famous Americans Thomas Edison - was an inventor. He was born in 1847 and died in 1931 at the age of 84. He is best known for the invention of the electric light, the phonograph, and the telephone. Benjamin Franklin - was an American statesman and scientist. He was born in 1706. He did many things during his life. He had his own publishing company. He invented bifocal glasses. As a scientist, he is best known for proving that lightening is an electrical spark. From this discovery he invented the lightening rod. 3 He was the colonies spokesperson in their fight against British taxation. In 1776, he helped Thomas Jefferson write the Declaration of Independence. During the American Revolution, he was responsible for persuading France to support the Americans. Thomas Jefferson - was the third president of the United States and the author of the Declaration of Independence. He was born in 1743 in the British colony of Virginia. He was a prominent spokesperson and active in debates about the colonies independence from Britain. In 1776 he was asked to be the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. In 1801he became the 3rd president of the United States. John Fitzgerald Kennedy - was the 34th president of the United States. He was born in 1917. He dedicated his adult life to politics and serving the United States of America. In 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected president. He was an inspirational president. In his inaugural address he said the famous words, "My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country." In 1962, he successfully stopped the Soviet Union from building a nuclear missile base in Cuba. In November, 1963, President Kennedy was assassinated by a sniper while riding in an open car in Dallas, Texas. Martin Luther King Jr. - was an American civil rights leader. He was born in 1929. He fought for rights of black in America. He led a boycott against segregated seating on buses and forced the bus company to allow African Americans to sit wherever they chose. He believed that the best way to win black rights was to protest in non-violent ways. He led many protests and was arrested for his acts, but he didn't give up. In August 1963 he led over 250,000 people in a march on Washington. There he gave his famous speech: "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character." In 1964 he succeeded in his fight and he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1968 he was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Abraham Lincoln - was the sixteenth president of the United States. He was born in 1809. He became a lawyer and a politician. He tried to end slavery. After the Civil War, Lincoln introduced the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which gave the freedom all the slaves in the United States. He was assassinated in 1865. Charles Lindbergh - was a famous American aviator. In 1926 a prize was offered to any person who could fly non-stop from New York to Paris. On May 20, 1927, Charles Lindbergh took off in the "Spirit of St. Louis" and landed in Paris 33-1/2 hours later. 4 George Washington - was the first president of the United States. He was born in 1732. George Washington was in the British Army and fought against the French in the French and Indian War. He got a reputation for being a good soldier. In 1775, George Washington he led the Continental Army of the colonist against the British and helped to win America's independence.