March 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8217 of conditions attached to certificates of PROGRAM The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without indebtedness? objection, it is so ordered. Mr. HRUSKA. It is contemplated that Mr. LONG. Mr. President, on behalf of in the usual case the court as a condi­ our colleague, the Senator from West tion to the issuance of certificates of in­ Virginia California. In In today's special order in the House, my congressional district and the State this instance, the youth has taken the during the Bicentennial Year of our Na­ of New Jersey, I join in this annual ob­ lead in developing and implementing tion, we salute our common heritage of servance of our Byelorussian heritage projects which foster a better under­ freedom, justice and tolerance in this and trust that it will help to reassure standing of the need for preventive care national recognition of the valiant strug­ those people whose human rights are in the eye care and safety area. Members gle of the people of Byelorussia in seek­ held captive not only behind the iron of the 4-H affiliates participating in the ing the restoration of the right to exer­ curtain of the Soviet Union but through­ pilot projects have demonstrated that cise self-determination to national inde­ out the world that through world opin­ young Americans are both innovative pendence and sovereignty. ion we can attain international under­ and public interest oriented. They are As a nation comprised of all nationali­ standing and agreement that will elimi­ to be commended for their efforts and ties from all corners of the globe, we are nate the oppression of people and restore their success. ever mindful and vigilant to the critical "human rights" and the people's rights The pilot program went far beyond its need to hold on to the traditions and of self -determination to national and primary purpose of discovery-imagina­ cultures of all peoples throughout the political independence in the so-called tive and effective ways that eye care and world and their outstanding contribu­ captive nations of the world. safety programs were incorporated into tions to mankind. America is indeed for­ the 4-H program at the local level. Par­ tunate to have had the benefit of the cul­ ticipation in these programs broadened tural inheritance and historical achieve­ TRIBUTE TO THE AMERICAN OP­ youth involvement in this vital health TOMETRIC ASSOCIATION AND area and fostered leadership develop­ ments of the Byelorussian people. ment among teenage 4-H'ers. These Mr. Speaker, on this anniversary ob­ NATIONAL 4-H FOUNDATION EYE CARE PROGRAM young Americans were catapulted into servance of this historic agreement of the new and exciting interaction with health Byelorussian people, we here in the professionals and community leaders. House can reaffirm our support of hu­ HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN Most importantly, in a number of in­ manitarian ideals in our quest for a OF CALIFORNIA stances, early signs of vision problems communion among all peoples of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES were detected. world to achieve quality of life that will The jointly sponsored AOA-4H pro­ permit the widest possible expression of Thursday, March 25, 1976 grams focused on vision education in a cultural and national heritage so im­ Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, on variety of settings: elementary school portant to mankind's purpose and ob- March 16, 1976, the Subcommittee on classrooms, Head Start programs, librar- 8218 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 25, 1976 ies, 4-H camps, and cou~~Y fairs. A~so, tions, came to Washington with a plan to through a cha.nnel in the ice, which participants sponsored VISIOn screenmg go after the guns captured from the British stretched a mile from eaoh shore of the !1M­ projects, poster and essay contests, dem­ at forts on Lake Champlain; and row l:ak.e, and on the first day out a boart onstrations on vision care at 4-H meet­ Whereas, it is recognized that General struck a sunken rock and was freed only after ings, and vision education programs for Knox performed a monumental deed by haul­ exhausting labor; a.nd ing 60 tons of artillery and supplies from Fort Whereas, halfway down the lake, the big senior citizens. Ticonderoga in New York, across the length scow struck again and sank in shallow water, This noteworthy 4-H project, spon­ of Massachusetts to Boston in the dead of and the guns were lifted from icy water by sored through a grant from the Ameri~an winter that numbed horses and oxen and freezing hands and repairs to the scow were Optometric Association, is now spreadmg terrified men; and made in the middle of the lake, which al­ from the four pilot States to every .state Whereas, Knox spent the first days of 1776 lowed the priceless artillery to arrive at the in the Nation. Millions of Amencans, cut ting holes in the ice to force up water southern end of the lake; and which froze in layers, thickening the ice on Whereas, everything was transferred to 42 young and old, will surely ben~fit ~r?m the Hudson River until it could bear the acquired knowledge about their VISion sledges pulled by 80 tea ms of oxen, and along weight of heavy guns; and crude roads, Indian trails, or none at all, and eye safety. . Whereas, south of Albany a sleigh shat­ thix>ugh 3 feet of fresh loose powder; a.nd These 4-H participants have giVen new tered under its load and detained the col­ they- made no better than 2 miles a day, all emphasis to the fourth H-healt~. They umn, but Knox plunged into the Berkshires so grealt a stra.in thBit oxen and horses gave are to be congratulated for their out­ and reached Monterey, Massachusetts, on out aild were abandoned with men often standing work and achievements, B:Jld January lOth, and in his words, "after having pushing the sleds; and climbed mountains from which we might Whereas, while crGSSing the Mohawk River they should be encouraged to pursue hig? almost have seen all the kingdoms of the public interest goals throughout their earth; " and above Albany, one of the sledges crashed lives. through the ice a.nd sank and the precious Whereas, when the teamsters feared to cargo was fished out by frozen men; and descend the mountain with their heavy load, Whereas, when things seemed unendurable, it was Knox who rallied them· again and GEN. HENRY KNOX again through the snow, the icy winds and Knox ra.llied the people of the countryside the thick forests; and who oame forth with fresh horses and men but only to be stalled again in Albany with Whereas Knox arrived at Washington's thtn ice; and · camp with an advance contingent on Jan­ HON. DAVID F. EMERY Whereas, it was Knox who personally di­ OF MAINE uary 18th, and "the noble train or artillery," as he called it, was delivered on January 24, rected the transport of Washington's troops IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1776, 47 days after leaving Ticonderoga; and across the Delaware on Christmas night, 1776, Thursday, March 25, 1976 Whereas, on March 2nd, Knox's guns be­ with "stentorian lungs and extraordinary gan shelling Boston, and on March 17th the exertions," for which he was awarded the Mr. EMERY. Mr. Speaker, Represent­ British evacuated the city, a date still cele­ rank of Brigadier General; and ative Wayne C. Gray from my home­ brated by Bostonians; and Whereas, Knox was with Washington at town of Rockland, has researched the Whereas, "the Tories were repelled; the Valley Forge and at Yorktown, he organized life and accomplishments of Gen. Hen:ry­ rebels were relieved and the cradle of liberty a military academy for the new army and he was free; " and was the first to embrace Washington in fare­ Knox of Thomaston, who served as thiS well at war's end; and country's first Secretary of War under Wh ereas, the man who performed this herculean task and perhaps saved his country Whereas, thiS self-taught bookseller­ President George Washington. was the least likely person in Washington's soldier became a Major General and suc­ As a Bicentennial project, Mr. Gray command to receive such a trust. When he ceeded Washington as Commander of the and I have felt strongly that the Sta~p was only 9 years old, Henry was forced to Army after the war; and Advisory Committee be encouraged to IS­ leave school and support his mother and 3- Whereas, Knox became the country's first Secretary of War in Washington's Cabinet, s:.le a special commemorati~e stamp me­ year old brother with a job at a bookstore morializing this great American. where he continued his education; and a nd later enjoyed success as a businessman Whereas, with nothing but book-learning and country squire on his estate in Thomas­ Mr. Speaker, the following resolution, ton, Maine; and which was passed by both Houses of the to guide him, Knox aided in designing and building siege fortifications about Boston to Whereas, it was Henry Knox who rep­ Maine Legislature, excellently port.ra~s which George Washington expressed great resented young America, this self-made the achievements of one of Mame s pleasure and surprise; and general, too unsophisticated to be cowed by greatest patriots: Whereas, eventually, Knox became chief of the impossible, and with that exquisite artillery for the Continental Army and one American capacity to do what couldn't be JOINT RESOLUTION MEMORIALIZING THE HON­ done, simply because it was there, and he ORABLE BENJAMIN F. BAILAR, POSTMASTER of Washington's closest friends and trusted was there, and it needed doing, aiid he knew GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE lieutenants and became active in most of the major battles of the Revolution; and he could do it when few others would dare CITIZENS STAMP ADVISORY COMMITTEE TO try; now, therefore, be it ORDER THE ISSUANCE OF A SPECIAL STAMP Whereas, Knox showed a facility at ar­ Resolved: That We, your Memorialists, in COMMEMORATING GENERAL HENRY KNOX tillery warfare which continually amazed his learned British opponents and French allies view of this outstanding General and his we your Memorialists, the Senate and record of accomplishments, recommended Hous~ of Representatives of the State of alike an d he designed a new gun carriage which enabled him to engage guns in greater and urge the Honorable Benjamin F. Bailar, Maine in the Special Session of the One Postmaster General of the United States and Hundred and Seventh Legislative Session now number and mob11ity. than Europeans had done; and the Citizens Stamp Advisory Committee to assembled, most respectfully present and t ake appropriate action by ordering the issu­ petition the Honorable Benjamin F. Bailar Whereas, for more tham 300 miles they pu.lled and pushed their oargo on rough­ ance of a special stamp commemorating Gen­ and the Citizens Stamp Advisory Committee, eral Henry Knox; and be it further as follows: hewn sledges over treacherous mountain trails, through deep woods, across frozen lakes Resolved: That copies of this Memorial, Whereas, the American cause was in mor­ duly authenticated by the Secretary of State, tal danger in the winter of 1775-76. The and rivers whil.ch often omcked under the weight, and through smothering snow; and be immediately transmitted by the Secretary Americans had the British penned up in of State to the Honorable Benjamin F. Bailar, Boston, with the Redcoats being unaware of Wherea.s, when animals refused to struggle on, men pulled a.n impossible load, and when Postmaster General, and the Honorable the artillary shortages existing within the Members of the Citizens Stamp Advisory rebel ranks; and men hesitated, Knox's own assurance and ooura.ge kept them going and ra.llied the Committee, Mr. Ernest Borgnine, Dr. James Whereas, America might have lost its fight Mutejka, Dr. Virginia Noelke, Mr. John for nationhood in its infancy if General countryside to their aid; and Whereas, it was impossible, but Knox, with Sawyer, Mr. John Thomas, Dr. Dorothy Wor­ Henry Knox, a bookseller turned soldier, had cester, Mr. Belmont Faries, Mr. Steven Do­ not delivered the guns which allowed George a new Colonel's commission, and just 25 years ol

of fellow Americans and we drain the 200,000 infants born with physical or mental CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS resources of our country in a fruitless at­ damage each year, about 40,000 (or 20 per­ RESPONDS TO PRESIDENT'S cent) are suffering from defects attributed BUDGET PROPOSAL tempt to save the terminally ill. All of to drugs, radiation and chemicals. this tragic waste-human and eco­ The lifetime medical bills of these chil­ nomic-could be substantially reduced if dren alone will be staggering. Then add to Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke this Congress could muster the will to this the costs for treatment of the 25 per­ pass a comprehensive toxic substances cent of our population who will develop some OF CALIFORNIA. control bill. form of cancer. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Speaker, I am sure my colleagues The Toxic Substances Control Act is de­ signed to get at the heart of our chemical Thursday, March 25, 1976 will be interested in Miss Porter's cogent contamination problem via pretesting and Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. Speak­ analysis of this compelling national issue, stiffer regulation of production, marketing, er, the Congressional Black Caucus re­ and I include her article at this point use or disposal of hazardous chemicals·. There cently held a press conference to present also are incentives in the proposed law for in my remarks: our response to the President's proposed TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL OR NoT? companies to seek out safety hazards in chemicals, to develop safer products and to budget for fiscal year 1977. We believe (By Sylvia Porter) find cheaper testing methods. that the President has again shown that In industrial South Baltimore, health offi­ There even may be savings to the com­ his policy puts people last and weapons cials have closed Swann Park-where Al panies to help balance the costs of testing. first. I know that this Congress will not Kaline, Ron Swoboda and Reggie Jackson Several paper companies have found that approve the disastrous proposals set once hit the ball over the freight tracks and pressures to cut down on water pollution forth in the President's budget, but will down toward the Patapsco River. and eliminate odors have led to new tech­ The soil of the park, adjoining an Allied nologies which also save millions annually instead respond to the needs of the Chemical plant, is contaminated with Ke­ in water, chemical and energy costs. American people. pone, a toxic pesticide that, like DDT, de­ The Senate Commerce Committee has ap­ I am inserting into the REcORD the composes very slowly into less harmful sub­ proved S3149-and the toxic substances bill first part of the caucus' budget re­ stances and builds up in living fatty tissues is heading for a. vote before the entire Sen­ sponse. My colleagues, Congressmen and the central nervous system. ate. As Blue Cross president Walter J. Mc­ WALTER E. FAUNTROY and ANDREW YOUNG, In Hopewell, Va., the Life Science Product Nerney says: are inserting the second and third parts Co.'s olant was closed last July because of "Our health system should not be just a respectively, of our budget response: the effects of Kepone on employes. Later, repair program. If we ignore the damage to parts of the James River were closed to fish­ health caused by environmental and occupa­ RESPONSE TO THE PROPOSED PRESIDENTIAL ing; the water had been contaminated with tional factors, the major threat of our health BUDGET Kepone from the Hopewell plant. programs will be only to continue to repair INTRODUCTION Fishing has just been banned in the Hud­ the damage these factors do to human The Congressional Black Caucus in its re­ son River. Bass found in the Hudson-and machinery." ply to the President's State of the Union later to range the Atlantic from Delaware Address cited Mr. Ford's theme for taking to Maine--were contaminated with PCB, a America into its third century: "America highly toxic vinyl chloride, originating at can't do it." "America can't provide jobs for General Electric plants upriver. all of its people. America can't provide de­ Dangerously high levels of arsenic also were A TRIBUTE TO THE CHAMPS cent health care. America can't reform its reported recently in the soil of the R. H. demeaning and demoralizing welfare system. Bogle Chemical Co. in Alexandria, Va. Otfl.­ America can't provide income tax benefits cials ordered the site fenced. A filtering sys­ HON. RONALD M. MOTTL to aid those who need relief the most. About tem was being installed to prevent arsenic OF OHIO the only thing that America can do is con­ particles from entering the Potomac in rain­ tinue to spend more money for the military." water runoff, when high mercury contam­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES On January 21, 1976, in "The Budget Mes­ ination also was -discovered. Thursday, March 25, 1976 sage of the President." Mr. Ford reiterated In communities across the land, startling his State of the Union theme by not only and scary incidents such as these are taking Mr. MOTTL. Mr. Speaker, the coaches suggesting that "America can't do it," but place. And while federal, state and local otfl.­ and members of Cuyahoga Community by going so far as to provide a detailed cials are more aggressive than ever before in College, western campus, wrestling team budget proposal as to how his Administra­ uncovering hazardous conditions and acting truly deserve recognition for their out­ tion plans to stop us from doing it. to eliminate them, new chemicals are con­ standing efforts in winning the 1976 Na­ Ford's proposed budget--$394.2 billion­ stantly emerging from the nation's labora­ tional Junior College Athletic Association for fiscal year 1977 (which commences Oc­ tories to create new dangers and damages to championship. tober 1, 1976) is the saddest but yet the most living people and to the genes they will pass realistic commentary on what Americans can on to generations unborn. Head Coach John Borszcz assisted by expect from this Administration for the com­ Yet, for more than five years, a bill that Coach Pete Zitiello helped lead 22 young ing year. would require industry to test possibly haz­ wrestlers to the utopia of junior college Mr. Ford's proposed budget mirrors the ardous _chemicals before they are placed on wrestling. Their winning of the champ­ commitments and attitudes of his Admin­ the market has been before Congress-and ionship is a fine tribute to the dedication istration towards the American people; his twice the blll has come close to being enacted. and skill of the team. budget--proposing unprecedented defense Lined up against the measure, though, All of the Greater Cleveland area, in­ outlays from $92.8 billion in 1976 to $101.1 billion in 1977--clearly shows where this have been the chemical companies, which cluding myself, are proud of the Cuya­ object strongly to the additional costs of this Administration's priorities lie. testing. These costs, they insist, would have hoga Community College, western cam­ Mr. Ford states that: "The Budget of the to be passed on to us in the form of higher pus wrestling team. We would like to United States is a good roadmap of where prices for products we buy-a potent argu­ extend our congratulations to Head we have been, where we are now, and where ment indeed during the galloping inflation Coach John Borszcz, Assistant Coach we should be going ..." A cursory look at years of the 1970s. Pete Zitiello, Director of Athletics Rex B. Ford's budget certainly-at the very least-­ But lined up in favor of the legislation, Smith, and the members of the team: tells America where it can go. the Toxic Substances Control Act, are con­ Ray Barrett, John Beaune, Ed Hornyak, President Ford has outlined in his budget "three important dimensions. One is the cerned organizations such as environmental, Mark Irvine, Robert Jones, Bill Karp­ consumer, labor groups; health-oriented as­ budget as an element of our economic pol­ sociations, such as the Blue Cross Associa­ owicz, Russ Koz, Don Lippert, Sam icy ... A second ... is that it helps to define tion, American Lung Association, March of Miragliotta, Bob Nally, Marty Paul, John the boundaries between responsibilities that Dimes. And new support for the bill iS Nash, Rich Pelleschi, Frank Pivik, Ron we assign to governments and those that re­ mounting as newspaper headlines report the Shadrack, Ralph Shubeck, Carmen Sot­ main in the hands of private institutions and horror tales about chemical threats to life. tosanti, Al Swope, Jim Turle, Ron Varga, individual citizens ... and clearly, ... the For while the costs and burdens of pretest­ Don Vondruska, Mike Walsh, and Jack highest priority for our Government is al­ Ing cannot be downgraded, neither can the Schmid, manager. ways to secure the defense of our country." costs and tragic suffering from chemical con­ In contrast, Mr. Ford speaks categorically of tamination. From 60 to 90 percent of all can­ Congratulations Cuyahoga Community domestic programs and the budget as " ... all cers are linked to exposure to chemical and College, western campus, wrestling team the things we would like to do and those other ma.n-produ<:ed environmental factors. on your hard work, outstanding perform­ things we can realistically afford to do." Even now, cancer costs the United States ance, and best wishes for continued suc­ This Administration's budget recommends over $15 billion annually. Of the more than cess in the future. total outlays Oif $394 billion in 1977 with re- March 2.5, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8229 ceipts of $351 billion. Thus a deficit of $43 designed for strengthening the market supply Job Opportunities Program (JOP), and the billion. and distribution of food to low income Regional Development Program. The fiscal year 1977 deficit, combined with persons. This program, commonly referred With proposed reductions from Congress' other factors, is designed to increase the to as the surplus food program, had a 1976 appropriated $360 million to $223 million, Federal debt from $484 billion at the end of budget authority of $238.2 million. and making no provisions for fiscal year 1976 to $558 billion at the end of 1977. What President Ford also intends to eliminate 1977 appropriations for EDA, Title X, the the Ford budget also contains is a $20 bil­ the Special Milk Programs and the Food Administration would cause the elimination lion package of budget cutbacks and so Donation Programs. The Special Milk Pro­ of approximately 12,000 jobs at a time when called savings; and as always, crucial social grams were designed to encourage the con­ the unemployment rate is already an alarm­ programs designed expressly for the better­ sumption of whole milk by children in ing 8 percent. ment of life for all Americans, are forced to schools, child-care centers and summer The President's budget also proposes to take a back seat to military spending and camps. Ford obviously feels that it is no eliminate the Job Opportunities Program defense. longer necessary to provide additional sub­ that was provided for in the Emergency Jobs It appears still that this conservative Re­ sidies for milk through such special pro­ and Unemployment Assistance Act of 1974. publican Administration is not so concerned grams. Ford is proposing to eliminate the 100,000 that as of December 1975 the unemployment Also included in the legislative proposal jobs in JOP, again under the seemingly mis· rate remained unchanged at 8.3 percent with for a block grant, are the elimination of the guided notion that the recession has that for our nation's youth at 19.9 percent Child Nutrition Programs and Special Sup­ "bottomed-out" and that an economic re­ and for blacks, 13.7 percent. To reach and plemental Food Programs (WIC). These covery will be the decisive and prevalent sustain an economic pattern designed to re­ programs will consolidate into one block economic factor for 1976 and 1977. store relatively full employment during the grant program, payable to the . States with A third Commerce Department program next five years will require, among other no mandate to provide services to the needy that is being reduced is the Regional De­ things, a strongly supportive fiscal policy. children. The specific programs that will be velopment Program. This is a Federal-State In a recent Joint Economic Committee eliminated are the free meals lunch pro­ partnership which jointly plans and executes study it was shown that Ford's proposed gram to poverty stricken children, reduced programs to help overcome legislative and budget to restrain federal expenditures at price meals for children, the hot breakfast regional problems, such as energy, trans­ $394 billion would very definitely have some program, the child care food program, the portation, and resources use. It is impera­ significantly unfavorable consequences lfor commodity assistance program and the el­ tive that our urban minority communities in the economy: derly feeding program. These programs had particular, continue to be served by the (1) the growth of real output in 1977 a 1976 budget "spend out" of over $3.2 bil­ Department of Commerce to sustain some would be less than 2 percent; lion. The President proposed a block grant equitable viability in the business main­ (2) unemployment would begin to rise program with a "spend out" level of $2.0 bil­ stream. The urban and minority communities again and could very easily escalate to 9 lion and with no categorical guidelines. We will not be victims of Administrative mis­ percent by the fourth quarter of 1977; cannot insure that under Ford's proposed conceptions for an economic recovery. If the (3) the infiation rate would be somewhat budget those who are most in need of the Ford "new realism" is concerned with pro­ higher than with a more expansive fiscal services normally provided by the Depart­ viding work rather than providing welfare, policy. ment of Agriculture will in fact receive them. it should be concerned with proViding addi­ BUDGET OVERVIEW Farmers Home Administration tional funds for the Department of Com­ Department of Agriculture The Administration's concern not only merce in its economic development programs. In the Department of Agriculture there falters in the realm of low income recipients, have been a series of programs that have it also fails to meet the needs of migrant been proposed for omission by Ford's 1977 farm workers in this country. The Farmer's budget request. Many of these programs Home Administration within the Depart­ WAYS AND MEANS OVERSIGHT are particularly significant and the loss of ment of Agriculture contains programs th81t SUBCOMMITTEE STUDY OF PSRO'S the services they provide would have a dev­ have been developed to meet the needs of astating impact upon the urban communities domestic farm laborers: ( 1) rural housing for the domestic farm labor program; (2) of this country. HON. CHARLES A. VANIK rural housing insurance program; (3) self­ OF OHIO Nutrition and Family Education Program help housing land development fund pro­ One program in particular is the Nutrition gram, and (4) mutual self-housing program. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and Family Education Program for low These have all been eliminated in the Presi­ Thursday, March 25, 1976 income areas, which is cited under Section dent's budget request. These programs are of 3(d} of the Smith-Lever Act. This Act has a great importance for they are designed to Mr. V ANIK. Mr. Speaker, at the ear­ been the basis for providing low income fami­ meet the specific needs of areas with the lier request of Health Subcommittee lies with the much needed exposure to nutri­ significant lack of mortgage credit and the Chairman ROSTENKOWSKI, the Oversight tion and the implications of familyhood. The need for low income housing. Yet, sadly Subcommittee is beginning an exam­ 1976 levels for this program are estimated to enough, these programs were dispersed under ination of the Professional Standards reach $50.6 million in outlays, and yet, the the auspices that they are wasteful. Review Organization-PSRO-program President has proposed only a $40.4 million The President's "new realism" budget is expenditure on this program for FY 1977. geared towards providing 500,000 new homes. which was established by Public Law 92- This is a decrease of over 20 percent. Clearly It is rather apparent that his "new realism" 603, the Social Security Act of 1972. The this decrease in outlays for the Nutrition and is an "old and bitter realism" for the domestic subcommittee is concerned with both the Education Program serves as an indicator of farm worker. quality of HEW's administration of the the Administration's lack of concern for low Food Stamps program as well as the results which the income families. · The Administration proposes enactment of program is achieving. The President has proposed a block grant food stamp legislation that would reduce ex­ The subcommittee has written to the in agriculture programs. Potentially the most penditures by $1.2 billion, and by lowering 14 original PSRO's and to the 15 that disastrous effect that the President could the eligible income standard from $6,480 to provoke in our urban communities would be $5,050 for a family of four; the Administra­ were established most recently to in­ to consolidate nutritional programs that were tion's proposal would ultimately reduce the quire whether they have had any dif­ specifically devised to meet the nutritional number of food stamp recipients by 5.3 mil­ ficulties with HEW in terms of clarity needs of children in low income communities. lion people. of guidelines, promptness· of reimburse­ It is important to note that Ford's pro­ This Administration request is an attempt ment, and exchange of information. We posal is a new legislative block grant pro­ to limit the eligibillty requirements of those also requested suggestions for improving gram that will replace existing categorical who are presently at or below the defined HEW's supervision of the program. programs in child nutrition. The basis of level of poverty. In addition, we asked the original this reform is the Administration's proposed Department of Commerce PSRO's what effect their program is hav­ omission of six categorical programs that will The Ford budget proposes to curtail the require States to obligate funds specifically ing on the quality of health care in their development and growth of viable program particular area, whether their review ac­ for the nutritional needs of low income and within the Department of Commerce, which poverty stricken Americans, and the allow­ were designed to reduce the incidence of tivities have had any effect on the cost ance that the reduced flow of funds be persistent unemployment in our nation's of health care and whether the:v have given to the States with little oversight as economically distressed urban areas. been able to reduce over-utilization of to how those funds should be obligated. There are primarily three significant pro­ facilities. One program that is being proposed for grams which will be drastically affected by On March 3, the Oversight Sub- consolidation is Section 32 of the Smith­ this Administration's proposal: the Economic committee sent a series of 30 questions Lever Act of August 24, 1935, which was Development Assistance Program (EDA); the concerning the PSRO program to the 8230 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 25, 1976 Assistant Secretary of Health of the De­ man and merchant--following both pursuits moment and parlaying the holdings into a partment of Health, Education, and Wel­ out of watergut in this very town, he would seven-digit fortune and giving the territory fare. We are presently awaiting his re­ go out to haul his pots before dawn, return the stability of oil refineries and our first ply. The direction of the Oversight Sub­ to sell his catch in the morning, and tend shopping center. committee's investigation will depend on his family-type store known as "The Little A feminist to the core. In an age where in Red Shop" in the afternoon and early even­ this insular setting women, like children, the nature of the responses we receive ing. were to be little seen and never heard, she from the Assistant Secretary of Health From early childhood young Ansetta was broke the barriers of sight and sound in and the 29 PSRO's we have written to. at his side in the shop. Not even the natural ways more than one. She championed wom­ At this time we anticipate holding the childhood inclination for play with brothers en's rights, not by flaming rhetoric but first of our hearings on the PSRO pro­ and sisters, (not necessarily listed in proper rather by accomplishments. She was inde­ gram in June. chronological sequence) Ena, Iantha, Axel, fatigably active in BPW club and League of The subcommittee welcomes addi­ Casmus, Alfredo, Berhardt, Eneca and Julia, Women Voters. could keep her away. Eager to learn, intel~i­ In the sector of public health, who labored tional comments, observations, and ideas gent and energetic, she in short order mas­ more assiduously, or journeyed wider for the from members of the general public and tered the rudiments and vagaries of business. American Red Cross, the St. Croix commu­ from health organizations. Not surprisingly then from her earliest teens nity blood bank as charter member, the Car­ she was placed by her dad in full charge of ibbean Mental Health Association, and the . "The Little Red Shop"-when school did not Charles Harwood Hospital Auxiliary. OUTSTANDING WOMAN dictate otherwise-as he plied his fisher's In the forefront always in Government trade in the first half of the day. with special effort on the board of educa-_ In acknowledgment of the love and re­ tion, board of social welfare, and the citi­ HON. RON DE LUGO spect showered on her by father and custo­ zen's rehabilitation commission. OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS mers in the store, an appropriate form of In politics she etched out an especial IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES address was fashioned for the bright-eyed niche. For many years the heart and soul of little moppet, they little knowing, at the the Democratic party. Who would launch a Thursday, March 25, 1976 time, that this was the name by which she candidacy without her blessing-not to men­ Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, I bring to would become known in virtually every Vir­ tion financial contributions-party fund gin Island household. Fondly they dubbed raiser beyond compare-as all upon whom the attention of my colleagues the recent her "Miss Annie". Even her parents so ad­ she has put "the bite" from time to time death of Mrs. Annie de Chabert Clarke dressed her. will attest. V.I. national committee woman on January 12, 1976 in St. Croix, U.S. Among those first to own a model T Ford and convention delegwte she walked with Virgin Islands. on this island in the 1920's, Ernest Muckle the Presidents, near Presidents and other "Miss Annie," as she was affectionately added that of itinerant merchant to his ac­ luminaries on the national Democratic called, was widely known throughout the tivities. As often as possible Miss Annie scene-yet never lost "the common touch". Virgin Islands as a leading business and would accompany him as he sold his wares Communicant of this church-active in political figure. Always active in civic from estate to estate. Thus was the oppor­ all spheres consoler, stand-in at ceremonies, tunity presented for Miss Annie to learn to donor, landscaper-an of which lead natu­ and political organizations, she was for know, appreciate, and love her people-and rally into her second marriage at this same several years the Democratic National they her. The contacts which would later alter--on November 14, 1971, to the Rev. Committeewoman from the Virgin Is­ stand her in such good stead, were early L. Seymour Clarke-rector (I add par excel­ lands, vice-president of the Red Cross, a made. lance) of this church-whom she leaves with member of the Social Welfare Board and In the same decade this vivacious young us to mourn her passing. the Board of Education, the Professional woman on the move caught the eye and But why go on---as well I could. Miss Women's Club and the League of Women fancy of an equally electrifying and already Annie will long be remembered for more distinguished native son, Ralph De Chabert. than these matters I've touched on. Voters. Wooing and winning followed, and on July Frail human, she was not without taint Because her accomplishments were so 18, 1929, Mr. Ralph and Miss Annie, monikers of fault, and there may be those who on notable and her achievements so praise­ by which they were thereafter known, this count only will remember her. To them, worthy, I am inserting in the RECORD the formed a partnership, cemented by holy wed­ if any, I answer with Tennyson, funeral eulogy delivered by the Honor­ lock, which was to last some 36 years, cut off as it was on the rise to its zenith by the But friend, to me able Almeric Christian, Chief Judge of He is all fault who hath no fault at all the Virgin Islands District Court which great leveller. All his talent and accomplish­ ment, notwithstanding, Mr. Ralph was a For who loves me eloquently pays honor to this outstand­ quiet, reticent man, qualities which, more Must have a touch of earth. ing woman: for good than ill, never rubbed off on Miss So she had her touch of earth-but on the EULOGY DELIVERED ON THE OCCASION OF THE Annie-and so the one complemented the other side of the ledger she was heavy. BURIAL OF MRS. ANSETTA ELENA DE CHABERT other. All heart--charitable to a fault. Students CLARKE This marriage was blest with five offspring, assisted. A loan here forgiven. A palm there, There must have been a very special cele­ all now in respectable adulthood, Ralph coming away from a hand shake with a bration in the modest muckle household in Andrew, Austin Alexander, Rita May, Mario needed crisp bill nestled in. Considerate of Christiansted, incidentally, not too far from Norman and Shirley Joyce. So first and fore­ the poor for which she has been, it is evident, this church, just around the corner, on most we mark Miss Annie as loving and blest. Smith's Street, on the anniversary of the devoted-child, wife, and mother. An indomitable will reaching and infusing birth of the great liberator, Abraham Lincoln, As a businesswoman, few, if any, are her family friend alike. Not the least bit faint in February of 1908, for the day before a baby peers. From The Little Red Shop and itine­ hearted hence fortune sided with her. Un­ girl had been born to Ernest Muckle and rant merchant--and as she journeyed about afraid to beat new paths, a guiding principle Sarah, born Jeffers, and they named the in­ in the Model T who, who can doubt that she of her life being who never walks save where fant Ansetta. Elena. Today, 67 years 11 months valiantly cranked it up a few times--or at he sees men's tracks, makes no discoveries. and some five days later a heavy pall of sad­ least set the sparks and gas as her daddy AI ways exemplifying the basics: Hard work ness envelopes the length and breadth of cranked. On her own came first the King and love-a deep love, conceived in faith, the Virgin Islands as we lay that child to Street store "De Chabert Fashions". Here ever nurtured by hope. rest in death. she was owner, manager, sales lady and Not really "born to the purple" she "bent My high honor and privilege this afternoon seamstress-sold the material-made the Ulysses' bow" as the saying go. is to, in my imperfect and woefully inade­ dress-characteristically, she got you both For her many virtues a crown to two quate way, pay homage to the life lived by ways-coming and going. Next the family husbands. And if, as has been said, one "can­ this extraordinary person, as she coursed ventured into dairy farming and livestock not leave ·a better legacy to the world than a the trail of all flesh, from birth to death. raising-in the beginning the 35 acre farm well educated family" her bequest can hardly Time and my unsufficing capability makes at Rosegate then the many times over larger be surpassed. impossible a full and complete logging of acreage at "Hope", "Jerusalem" and "Bless- So as she sleeps in beauty-a sleep the that voyage, and to what purpose would be ing". common fate of us all, though the loss be ir­ the exercise. The litany is too long and too Miss Annie's 47th birthday was an un­ replaceable, and the sorrow pro-found, let well known for meaningful rehearsal. Yet the happy one, for five days earlier death had the tears be few, for Miss Annie reached out and snatched her Ralph from occasion demands that at least in a fieeting "Like the sun in its miridean [has] glance, we call to mind a few of the sandy her. Undaunted she persevered. The chil­ Spread [s] a lustre throughout summits on which the remarkable footprints dren were educated, now to the benefit of of this woman of distinction are so indelibly the community, doctor, lawyer, educa-tors, [That envelops] and enlightens" imbedded. business persons. The farm prospered. Came This entire corner of the universe. We will all Child of an energetic father, his influence the venture into real estate sale and de­ often long for the touch of that vanished strongly decreed the person she was to be. velopment, Miss Annie holding off when the hand-for the sound of this so familiar voice, In him was the happy combination of fisher- time was not ripe, seizing the propitious now still. March 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8231 As we salute the triumph of her life over performing arts that authority which is THOMAS C. WALKER, NEW COM­ death, we remember the words of the Bard essential to efficient and fair conduct of MANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE VET­ of Avon, their business. ERANS OF FOREIGN WARS Thou art not conquered; Beauty's ensign yet Is crimson in thy lips, HON. CHRISTOPHER J. DODD And in thy cheeks, WHAT REALLY CAUSES RISING OF CONNECTICUT And death's pale flag is not advanced there. FOOD PRICES? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES So Miss Annie, 'til we chat again-a fond adieu. HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI Thursday, March 25, 1976 OF NEW YORK Mr. DODD. Mr. Speaker, on March 9 I had the pleasure of introducing Mr. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thomas C. "Pete" Walker, the new com­ Thursday, March 25, 1976 mander in chief of the Veterans of HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER Mr. ZEFERETTI. Mr. Speaker, Ameri­ Foreign Wars of the United States, on OF NEW YORK ca's consumers are being driven to the the occasion of his first formal appear­ financial wall by inflation, particularly ance before the full House Committee IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on Veterans Affairs. Thursday, March 25, 1976 by rising food prices. Here is the area where everyone is hurt most directly. Yet, I am very happy to be able to say that Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, today I as consumers and their representatives Pete, who is a native of New London, am introducing a bill which would amend seek causes of such rising food prices Conn., is a close personal friend and con­ the National Labor Relations Act by af­ with increasing urgency and impatience, stituent of mine. fording similar rights to those in the no one element in the farm-to-market In his recent testimony before the entertainment industry as are now en­ chain can be identified as a direct im­ House Committee, he vigorously spoke joyed by the construction industry. mediate cause of the price hikes. It is as out against anticipated cuts in the VA My bill would extend the rights now if everyone involved is standing in a cir­ budget for next year, and, I would at guaranteed to construction unions and cle, pointing an accusing finger at the this time like to include his testimony contractors under section 8 (f) of the person next to them. and my introductory remarks into the NLRA to those who are employed in What obviously is needed are accurate, RECORD. theatrical productions. They would be timely statistics on food prices at all The text of those remarks follows: permitted to sign "prehire agreements," STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE CHRISTOPHER stages from farm to market. To obtain J. DODD, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS which may become effective before a such data, we should follow the lines FROM THE SECOND DISTRICT OF THE STATE OF representative number of employees have set up by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, CONNECTICUT been hired, and to include in such agree­ whereby basic indicators in the labor Mr. DODD. Thank you, Mr. Chairman and ments, union shop provisions effective market are reported on monthly, in or­ members of the Committee. It is a great after 7 days of employment, in contrast der to pinpoint where jobless problems pleasure for me to be here this morning to the 30-day union shop contract cus­ arise. In certain specific ways this agen­ and to be able to introduce to you and the tomary in other industries. cy and its method of reporting data has Committee, not only a constituent, but a In 1959, the Congress found that there helped Congress analyze where the dif­ good, personal friend, Pete Walker. are some industries, especially construc­ I am not going to go into too great a de­ ficulty lies in the labor market. In turn, tail. I think most of the Committee, and tion and building trades, in which the Congress has been able to tailor legisla­ certainly most of the people gathered in labor force is so transient on a particular tion to cope directly with those problem this hall, are more than familiar with his job that the ordinary delays inherent in areas defined by the BLS statistical re­ fine record. His military career goes back collective bargaining might make labor porting process. through two wars as a fighter pilot, and in negotiations practically impossible. Ac­ Such a statistical survey on an ongoing the Korean War, he was the Commander of cordingly, the Congress permitted con­ basis is not in existence insofar as our an anti-aircraft battery in the Far East. struction unions and companies to sign food price chain is concerned. As a result, His deep commitment to the VFW dates contracts before a particular job got un­ back almost twenty years. When he started food prices have risen nearly 40 percent out, he was a local Junior Vice Commander derway so that the contractor would in the past 3 years, and we have no exact of the VFW in Connecticut. know his costs in advance, the union knowledge of where the price hikes have Since that time, he has held such dis­ would feel secure in its job, and work started or have been steepest. The De­ tinguished positions and played a major role stoppages could be avoided. partment of Agriculture has recently re­ as a member of the All American District Circumstances surrounding employ­ ported, in fact, that retail food prices Commanders team, as Fourth District Com­ ment in the performing arts are similar are rising at the same time that farm mander, Commander of the Department of to those in the construction industry. Connecticut for the VFW, Vice Chairman for prices of many food products are falling. the National Convention, Vice Chairman of Theatrical productions, like building Therefore, it is vital that we act swiftly the General Resolutions Committee and the jobs, are often temporary, and a strike on to obtain vital information needed so Eastern States Conference, Chairman of the opening night would be harmful to the Congress can intelligently and accurately Eastern States Conference, the Vice Chair­ public as well as to performers and pro­ attack the causes of inflated food prices. man of the National Budget and Finance ducers. Legislation has been introduced, which Committee, last year Senior Vice Com­ Repeated evidence has demonstrated I have joined in sponsoring, to set up a mander-in-Chief of the VFW and now Na­ that where industrial employment is tional Commander-in-Chief. Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, to re­ I must also add, Mr. Chairman, that Pete temporary, the 30-day union shop provi­ quire mandatory reporting at each stage is not a person who is associated with just sion is too long, making it impossible t.o of the food marketing chain. The Bureau, one organization. He is deeply involved as hold meaningful elections to determine under the proposed legislation, will re­ well in his own home town as a member what constitutes the will of the majority. port to Congress twice annually, along of the Elks Club, his local country club, a Therefore, my bill allows for a 7-day with specific recommendations as to the member of our Volunteer Fire Department union shop provision for the performing best ways to lower food prices. in one of our small communities. arts as is now allowed for the construc­ In his addition to his responsibilities and With accurate, timely figures on where commitments to this national organization, tion industry. Even though my bill pro­ along the food chain prices are rising he has not forgotten his friends and cl.ose vides for "prehire agreements" which fastest, Congress can aim its legislative associates back in eastern Connecticut. may become effective before a represent­ solutions with telling effects. We cannot It is a particular pleasure for me to be ative number of employees has been only be able to really isolate these cul­ able to introduce not only, as I say, one of hired, the sections of the Taft-Hartley prits responsible for food price hikes, my constituents, but one of my good and Act allowing for a challenge by 30 per­ but who have thus far successfully hid­ close friends, Thomas C. "Pete" Walker. cent of the employees in a bargaining den their role from public scrutiny and in STATEMENT OF THOMAS C. WALKER, COMMAND­ unit to the agreement would still be response. ER-IN-CHIEF, VB"I"ERANS oF· FOREIGN WARS force. Only in this manner can we do some­ OF THE UNTI"ED STATES, BEFORE THE COM­ By expanding section 8(f) of the Na­ thing about price rises presently wreak­ MITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAmS tional Labor Relations Act we would be ing havoc with incomes of Americans, Mr. Chairman and members of the com­ giving employers and employees in the particularly the elderly and poor. mittee: I am pleased to appear before you 8232 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 25, 1976 this morning in behalf of the membership for a cost-of-living increase for those in istration, known as The McKinsey Report, of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the receipt of compensation for their service­ stated-"The VA can help to minimize un­ United States, and to make a matter of connected disabilities, DIC recipients, or necessary duplication of health care re­ record our deep and growing concern regard­ even for employees within the Veterans Ad­ sources by increasing its efforts to establish ing the shocking cuts in the proposed Vet­ ministration. Another sham is the projected sharing arrangements with community pro­ erans Administration budget for the next savings of $151.3 million predicated on the viders.' fiscal year, and the mounting attack on vet­ expiration at the end of the 1976 fiscal year A second document in my possession from erans' benefits by anti-veteran forces and of Public Law 94-169, the Veterans and Sur­ H.E.W. to the Office of Management and social welfare planners both within and vivors Pension Interim Adjustment Act of Budget states "We feel strongly that it would without the government. 1975. be very desirable in the future to relate VA Accompanying me today are the National The Veterans Administration has quietly health care activities to the efforts of other and State Officers who comprise the leader­ accepted this budget as they have inade­ federal agencies responsible for health care, ship of our great organization and who are quate funding in the past. However, some of and that ~hose efforts be integrated into an responsible for the twenty-third consecutive the dire consequences to medical care are overall health policy." year of increased membership which we ex­ pointed out in a letter dated February 20, An American Enterprise Institute for Pub­ pect will pass the 1.8 million mark this year. 1976 from the Chief Medical Director, Dr. lic Policy Research Report on Veterans Ad­ Also with me are the outstanding young John D. Chase, to the Directors of all Veter­ ministration Hospitals prepared by Professor adults who have won our "Voice of Democ­ ans Administration facilities. These instruc­ Cotton N. Lindsay, concludes that VA hospi­ racy" scriptwriting contest in each of the tions informed Hospital Directors how to tals have long outlived their purpose of fifty states, the District of Columbia and reduce outpatient care a.t the expense of the caring for the war-wounded and that vet­ overseas areas. These senior high school stu­ veteran. Three sentences in that letter reflect erans could be provided with better quality dents represent 500,000 participants in our the seriousness of the problem and two un­ hospital care more conveniently and at lower program from 8,000 secondary schools and thinkable solutions. First, the statement cost through the use of public welfare hospi­ the five national winners will share $22,500 "Our current medical care resources are in­ tals. Professor Lindsay recommends selling in scholarship awards. sufficient to support all the present demands VA hospitals to the private sector. The voting delegates to our National Con­ for care;" the second, which we call brain­ Now, and not at all surprising, this social vention held in Los Angeles, California last washing, recommends "Patient education welfare thinking has permeated the Con­ August passed nearly 200 resolutions. The especially for the veteran's understanding gressional Budget Office whose Director. Dr. preponderance thereof address improving and care of his disease as well as the proper Alice M. Rivlin, a former Assistant Secretary veterans' benefits, enforcing those laws use and access to Veterans Administration of the Department of Health, Education and enunciated in the United States Code, and medical care;" and third, a recommenda­ Welfare and a senior fellow at the Brookings opposing proposed administration legislation tion that "Appropriate and timely referral · Institution, recommends to Congress: (1) To to reduce and erode existing benefits. The of the nonservice-connected veteran to retain the status quo regarding veterans' most important of those coming within the outside health care resources, especially benefits; (2) To eliminate veterans programs jurisdiction of this Committee have been through counseling and review by social work not related to hardships incurred in military included in our pamphlet entitled "VFW service." service; (3) To ln!tegrate veterans' benefits as Priority Goals Legislative and Security for In addition to the foregoing, we continue much as possible into the existing social 1976." I will not burden you with a recita­ to be deeply concerned with a policy which welfare system. As unbelievable and shock­ tion of these goals, since they have pre­ has caused 18 percent of the beds through­ ing as it sounds to me while addressing you, viously been furnished each of you as well out the 171 Veterans Administration hospi­ this third and most horrendous recommen­ as all Members of the Congress of the United tals to remain vacant month after month. dation has been picked up as a working paper States. However, and without objection, it This is equivalent to closing 30 of these 171 of the House Budget Committee as an alter­ is requested our pamphlet of Priority Goals hospitals monthly. We believe if admitting native to veterans' benefits a.s we know them and the Digest of Resolutions adopted by our physicians were pemnitted to more freely today. This social welfare thinking, this 76th National Convention be printed in toto exercise their professional judgment and be proposed dismantling of the Veterans Admin­ as a portion of the official transcript of this more compassionate, all of these hospitals istration and veteran benefits, is what the hearing. would be filled to overflowing. We know and leadership of the Veterans of Foreign Wars I am not going into pending legislation you know veterans are seeking admission. has been warning for years, and it has now the Veterans of Foreign Wars supports or In summary, it is clear that the VA 1977 reached into the Congress. opposes by mandates, since in the normal budget wi-ll not support the program it is To the social welfare planners, everyone is course of events this is accomplished by ap­ now required by law to administer. It will equal and no one is special regardless of propriate testimony before this Committee not provide the adequate care, facilities or their contribution to our society. They ask and its Subcommittees. However, we believe personnel required during the FY 77. And, what is so special about a veteran? I wish it necessary to discuss the VA budget. it will not plan for the years ahead for con­ to use this forum today to explain the VFW's We are most unhappy with the proposed struction of adequate facilities. The V.F.W. opinion as to what is so special about a Veterans Administration fiscal year 1977 sees this year's budget as a. turning point veteran. budget. As you know, there is an outright for the veteran, his widow and his depend­ Flrst of all, the veteran is special because cut of $1.4 billion from the fiscal year 1976 ents. If additional moneys are not made he is selected. Right away, the fact that he budget of $19.5 billion, and legislation pro­ available by the Congress this pivotal year, is selected makes him something special and posed by the administration, if enacted, veteran programs may well suffer endlessly. puts him in a class by himself; he is no would further reduce the VA budget by To ignore the veteran and his programs is longer free; he is subject to military law, and $923.5 million for a total reduction of $2.3 to tempt unrest, reprisals and disunity from he becomes a special breed, committed to billion, or an apparent budget of $17.2 bil­ the veteran, his organization and the public fight to the death for the ideals of freedom lion. However, an additional $1.7 billion re­ who understands that the special needs of around the world. flected in the 1977 budget is comprised of the veteran must be met. He cannot be flatfooted; he cannot be lame; monies in the second supplementary appro­ Each of you is aware, I know, of the anti­ he cannot be uncertain or short of vision­ priation for fiscal year 1976 including the veteran forces and social welfare planners he must be as perfect as possible. And not transitional funds for the extended fiscal within and without the government who only physically perfect, but the veteran must year of 1976. What we will have in reality, would do violence not only to the Veterans be mentally alert. He cannot be moronic; he then, if the Administration has its way, is Administration Hospital and Medical Care must be able to read and write; he must have a budget reduced a full $4 billion. Obviously, System but to all veterans benefits. For ex­ some talent. Furthermore, he must be mor­ and contrary to what we had been told pre­ ample, the 20th Century Task Fund Report, ally fit-he cannot be a criminal; he can­ viously, these figures make the Veterans Ad­ after a one-year study of veterans programs, not be perverted; he cannot be nervously un­ ministration budget the hardest hit of all stated-and I quote "The nation's veterans stable. He must know the difference between 32 Federal agencies in the President's $28 programs which will cost the taxpayers right and wrong; he lives in unsegregated billion fiscal year 1977 budget cut. There are nearly 18 billion dollars next year, should be barracks, black and white together, as no funds in this budget for the construc­ integrated into the general social welfare equals-they fight together and they die to­ tion of any new or replacement hospitals system of the United States" gether for freedom. previously planned, and not even sufficient A quote from a recent study of veterans The lame, the sick and the uncertain are money to carry out the recommendations in programs by a Ralph Nader group reported­ rejected. the Special survey Report on the Level of "The long range strategy of the federal gov­ Conscientious objectors, dissident students the Quality of Patient Care at Veterans ernment should be to return veterans pro­ and some key people in lucrative positions Administration Hospitals and Clinics. The grams to their proper functions and replace are excused or labeled "4-F.'' Only the best token gesture of increasing the staff-patient nonservice-connected benefits through na­ physically, mentally and morally are called ratio from 172 to 174 per 100 patients makes tional health insurance, pension reform and to war. And, so, only the best are a special shallow the President's words in his State an improved social security system." breed. And the tragedy of war is that only of the Union address and I quote "I will take A recent memo from a Deputy Assistant the best are fit to be killed. So, even in our further steps to improve the quality of med­ Secretary in the Department of Health, sophisticated society this special breed per­ ical and hospital care for those who have Education, and Welfare recommends that VA forms a sacrificial service. Only the brave are served in our Armed Forces." (end of quote) hospitals be sold to the private sector. selected and only a race of ingrates would In addition, there are no funds programmed A report paid for by the Veterans Admin- forget their sacrifice. March 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8233 The veteran is a special breed because only tee under your leadership in considering and wheat, rye, and barley. Urban industries Congress can make a veteran and in our advancing legislation over the years to im­ are developing also, especially in farm opinion only Congress can break a veteran. prove and expand veterans benefits. We in related production. the Veterans of Foreign Wars are with you. To the members of my organization the vet­ Thus, Byelorussians, while they have eran is the special charge and the special re­ I would be remiss if I did not also com­ sponsibility of the Congress. And no one pliment your professional staff under the di­ withstood much, have still managed to can take this special charge and this special rection of your Staff Director, Oliver E. achieve much. Today, let us regard this responsibility from the Congress including Meadows, and your Counsel, Mack G. Flem­ commemoration of Byelorussian inde­ the officials of O.M.B. ing, for their diligence and long hours o1 pendence as a declaration of belief in the And this special breed, this select group, work and research in support of our mutual eventual triumph of freedom. these physical specimens-only the best-­ objectives. these citizen soldiers went to war, at the It is our hope that each of you will be behest of Congress, in defense of freedom all with us tonight at our annual Congressional over the world-and they became the best Banquet at the Sheraton-Park Hotel. We fighting men history has ever known. wlll be honoring one of your distinguished INTRODUCTION OF LEGISLATION And they came home "Veterans"-gassed colleagues, the Honorable F. Edward Hebert TO END ffiS HARASSMENT OF IN­ or shell shocked from Chateau Thierry, be­ of Louisiana, the ranking member of the DEPENDENT FISHERMEN draggled from the Battle of the Bulge, burned House Armed Services Committee and Chair­ from the Franklin, hungry from Corregidor, man of its Investigations.Subcommittee. The frozen from Chosen Reservoir, maimed from reception will begin at 6:00P.M. with dinner HON. GERRY E. STUDDS Vietnam. Some came back with yellow fever, promptly at 7:00P.M. OF MASSACHUSETTS some with malaria, some with TB. Some came back psycho, some alcoholic; yes, some even IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES returned as dope addicts. No group in Thursday, March 25, 1976 America suffers more than the man who served his country in time of war. COMMEMORATING THE 58TH ANNI­ Mr. STUDDS. Mr. Speaker, I am to­ These are the men who were the best when VERSARY OF BYELORUSSIAN IN­ day introducing, with several cosponsors, they went to war--God only knows what con­ DEPENDENCE-MARCH 25, 1976 legislation to end what I consider to be dition they were in when they came back. undue harassment of small fishermen by But to the President and to the Congress, the Internal Revenue Service. Based on they should still be the greatest. a recent, administrative change in its As time marched on, attitudes toward the HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. enemies of freedom became more liberal, and OF OHIO definition of an employee, the Internal the ugly American became more bold and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Revenue Service has been auditing old brazen enough to ask: "What's so special tax returns of owners of small fishing about the veteran?" But the Congress of the Thursday, March 25, 1976 vessels, and is attempting to force them people of these United States has always Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, today, to pay withholding taxes for those past answered firmly: "The veteran is still some­ Americans of Byelorussian descent are years, even though IRS has already col­ thing special to us. He is our charge; he is lected the taxes from the individual fish­ our responsibility, because he answered our celebrating the 58th anniversary of the call when we needed him-'first in war, first Declaration of Independence of the Bye­ ermen who fished on the vessels. in peace, first in the hearts of his country­ lorussian Democratic Republic, which Many fishermen on small vessels are men.'" took place in the Byelorussian capital of joint-venturers, paid only by receiving a Congress has thus far kept faith with the Minsk. In this year of reflection on the percentage of the catch. They are not veteran by contracting to care for the vet­ principles of freedom and democracy paid in dollars, and they share the loss eran with service-connected disability-and which we Americans cherish so dearly, if the catch is bad. Consequently, I do the veteran with nonservice-connected dis­ let us pause and remember the struggles not believe it is equitable forms to call ability, whenever a bed was available and the veteran could not pay for hospital care­ that the Byelorussian people have under­ these fishermen employees. The bill I am rather than allow the veteran, who was once gone against those who have taken from introducing today makes two basic the greatest, to be disgraced as a pauper or them their right to these self same changes in existing law. disgrace the uniform by becoming a public values. First, for boats manned by crews of welfare charge. Byelorussia was made part of the Rus­ five or fewer people, my bill provides Of one thing we can be certain-the Con­ sian Empire in the late 18th century, and that if an individual's remuneration for gress and the membership of our organiza­ was known as the "northwest provinces." his services is not wages but a portion tion are faced with an ,unprecedented chal­ lenge. We must accept as fact the premise She proclaimed her independence on of the catch, he shall be treated as self­ that many individuals and groups in this March 25, 1918 while under Austro-Ger­ employed for income and social security country are looking beyond its nation's vet­ man occupation. Her rendezvous with tax purposes. More specifically, the leg­ erans. As you know, the present climate in sovereignty was short-lived, however, islation amends the Internal Revenue Washington, D.C. suggests programs for every and ended when the Central Powers were Code by specifically excluding the serv­ spectrum of our society. In other words, defeated during World War I. The na­ ices performed by such individuals from there is something for everyone--everyone, tion then was split between the Poles and the definition of employment under the that is, except the veteran, who made it all possible. From him they want one more drop the Russians, but later formally reunified Federal Insurance Contribution Act, by of blood-the very benefits which a grateful as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Re­ excluding wages paid for services from nation awarded following armed conflict. public under Soviet domination. the definition of wages under the with­ If we, the Congress of the United States World War II wrought new havoc holding provisions of the Federal income and the Veterans of Foreign Wars, forget our upon this small nation. Byelorussia was tax, and by excluding such individual's nation's veterans, believe me, they will surely ruled under Germany hegemony for 3 services from the Social Security Act def­ be forgotten. years, beginning in June of 1941. The inition of employment and hcluding The Veterans of Foreign Wars does not in­ tend to see this happen, and I am sure you Nazis tried to "restore" Byelorussian na­ those services in the definition of self­ do not either. My organization will not stand tionalism, and destroyed or remodeled employment income. The bill will allow idly by while social welfare planners and everything Soviet during this period. As such individuals to continue to employ anti-veteran forces increase social welfare the Russians regained control, they in the benefits of the Social S.ecurity Act programs which now take over 35c of each turn reversed this process. By the end of as participating self-employed individu­ tax dollar, at the expense of eroding or ab­ World War II, several million Byelorus­ als and such individuals will continue sorbing veterans' programs which receive a sians had been killed, and the Soviets to be eligible to recover under the Jones mere 5c of each tax dollar. If stemming this had usurped full power. Act for personal injury suffered while tide requires a Veterans March on Washing­ ton to pale the one of 1932 during the 72nd Although their respite from domina­ working. Congress, so be it. The Veterans of Foreign tion has been short, the Byelorussians The second thing my bill would do is Wars is prepared to sponsor at any given have managed to excel in many areas, include the harvesting of marine re­ time a half million veterans or their widows including education and the arts. Most sources within the definition of agricul­ here in our Nation's Capital if protecting notable is the Byelorussian folklore, ture for purposes of establishing tax­ our hard fought and won benefits so requires. among the finest and most colorful of exempt organizations. In closing, Mr. Chairman, I want to express Eastern Europe. Byelorussians primarily the appreciation of not only our 1.8 million This would extend the benefits of hav­ members and 545,000 members of our Ladles work the land, and despite its lack of ing a tax-exempt organization to the Na- Auxiliary but all veterans and their depend­ suitability to agriculture, have made it tion's fishermen. These include, but are ents for the deep concern of this Commit- produce much-potatoes, fodder, flax, not limited to, lobstermen, oystermen, 8234 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 25, 1976 clammers, fishermen, shrimpers, and all profoundly human commitment to those the evidence usually being human deaths­ others who reap the harvest of the sea. still oppressed under Soviet rule, partic­ before it is subject to control. Labor and farm organizations were ularly the valiant people of Byelorussia. Each day, every day, 315 American workers recognized long ago by the Congress and die because of their jobs. For many, the cause of death is the chemicals they were the Federal Government as institutions expos-3d to. Thousands of other workers are which provided a service to their con­ sickened and injured daily by the chemicals stituents-a service that benefited so­ THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER ON used in countless manufacturing and pro­ ciety as a whole. Federal law offers these TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL duction processes. organizations tax-exempt status to ena­ Millions of working men and women in ble them to provide information and this country serve as early-warning devices HON. DOMINICK V. J)ANIELS that a chemical substance is hazardous. counseling services, as well as publicize OF NEW JERSEY When they become sick or die, then stud­ events which have particular meaning IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ies--using rats, mice, guinea pigs and monk­ to those organizations. My bill would eys-are begun. do the same for fishing organizations. Thursday, March 25, 1976 The purpose of these studies: to confirm that the substance is hazardous, that rats Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. as well as men will die·. Speaker, I wish to commend to my col­ For five years, legislation that would put COMMEMORATION OF BYELO­ leagues the second in a series of articles an end to this problem has languished in RUSSIAN INDEPENDENCE on the subject of occupational disea-se Congress. Now, a toxic substances control published recently in the Philadelphia bill is awaiting a vote by the full Senate. A Inquirer. House version of the bill-weaker than that HON. RONALD A. SARASIN This article concentrates on a matter in the Senate-has been approved by a sub­ OF CONNECTICUT committee of the House Interstate and For­ of great interest to this House-toxic eign Commerce Committee. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES substances control legislation. If both bills are passed in their respective Thursday, March 25, 1976 As most of my colleagues are aware, houses of Congress, differences will be worked there has been a massive campaign out in a conference committee-the point Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, today, launched against the legislation by the where a toxic substance control bill died in March 25, marks the anniversary of the American chemical industry. The in­ 1974. Declaration of Independence of the Bye­ dustry claims that testing costs will be No one knows how many workers have died lorussian Democratic Republic pro­ excessive, and that technological inno­ from exposure to deadly chemicals during claimed 58 years ago in Minsk. I would those five years, but it seems certain the vation will be stifled. What they are say­ number is in the thousands. Why the delay like to join my colleagues in commemo­ ing is that profits and their version of in enacting the legislation? There are sev­ rating this occasion with a mixture of "progress" is more important than pro­ eral reasons : both sorrow and hope-sorrow that the tecting the health and environment of A change of priorities in Washington. Con­ long-yearned for independence of the our country. I certainly do not concur trolling inflation has replaced cleaning up Byelorussian people should have lasted with this distorted view. the enVironment as a major goal. Both Con­ only 10 months before it was crushed by Mr. Speaker, I believe this country does gress and the White House are more con­ the Soviet Army, and with the hope that not need another environmental disas­ cerned with the effect on the economy of the Byelorussian p.eople will persist in regulating hazardous substances than they ter like the Kepone incident in Virginia. are with the effect on human life of exposure their struggle to maintain their unique We certainly do not need another occu­ 1io toxic chemicals. culture and traditions as non-Russian pational health tragedy like the deaths An unresolved difference of opinion be­ peoples in the Soviet Union. among polyvinyl chloride workers. As tween the House and Senate on the strength It is important here in this free coun­ my colleagues may recall, the industry of the proposed legislation. The Senate ver­ try of ours that we occasionally remind claimed that reducing worker exposure sion requires testing of all new chemical sub­ ourselves of the freedoms that we so take stances before they are used in the work­ to PVC would bankrupt the industry, and place. The House version requires testing of for granted, and of the people in the cap­ that thousands of jobs would be lost. those chemicals "likely to pose substantial tive nations who know only that their Well, the industry is still here; the jobs danger to health or the environment." freedoms have long been denied. This oc­ are still here; and the cost of reducing The chemical industry's massive lobbying casion, following so closely last month's worker exposure to PVC was nowhere campaign. Industry has claimed that strict observance of the independence of Lith­ near the grossly inflated estimates ini­ regulation is unnecessary and would be like uania and Estonia, should remind us viv­ tially made by the industry. "killing a fly with a sledgehammer." A new idly of the sufferings of people who un­ Mr. Speaker, this House should bear in strategy of the lobbyists is to stress the eco­ willing succumbed to Soviet rule. It is nomic impact of regulations-a tactic that mind all those exaggerated industry apparently is dissuading some senators who time that we lent support to the aspira­ claims about PVC control costs when previously supported the measure. tions of these people, and to recognize it considers the toxic substances control A lack of widespread public awareness of their unique achievements and contribu­ bill. In my view, the industry's credibility the legislation. Until recently, the bill did tions. is suspect when it comes to economic cost not have even the active backing of labor Under Soviet rule, the people of Bye­ estimates. Its claim about retarded in­ unions and environmentalists, the major lorussia have faced the threats of torture novation may have some merit, but as I sources for arousing public interest. As a result, lobbyists against the measure have and persecution. Nonetheless, they have suggested earlier this week, the greatest had no competition. bravely struggled to retain their individ­ innovation the industry could produce In the meantime, there is the worker. ual character and their national heritage. would be a clean and healthy environ­ He processes the paints in your house and In 1973, the Soviet Government by set­ ment for the American people. dies of lung cancer, caused by chromate ting up new administrative partitions of Mr. Speaker, I believe my colleagues pigments. the country irrespective of ethnic group­ will find the article from the Philadelphia He manufactures the pesticides for your ings, threatened the integrity of the Bye­ Inquirer most interesting, and I include garden and dies of lymph cancer, cau sed by lorussian people. Despite this, these peo­ it at this point in my remarks: inorganic arsenic. ple have persisted and have resisted He refines the gasoline for your car and HOW LIFE-SAVING LEGISLATION SITS IN dies of leukemia, caused by benzene. Soviets attempts t6 dilute them into a ho­ CONGRE SS The men and women who produce your mogenous Russian people--a single Rus­ (By Susan Q . Stranahan) clothing, your dog's flea collar, the food you sian nation. While distinctions among The nation's largest cancer research lab­ eat for breakfast and the table it is served people still exist, these efforts strongly oratory is the American workplace. on, the tires on your car and the hair color­ combat the unifying tendency towards The guinea pig is the American worker. ing you used last week are exposed daily uniformity-the hallmark of the vaunted As a result of repeated exposures to the to toxic substances. Soviet man, and a trait which is so inim­ countless subst ances used dally in industry, Because the average consumer comes in ical to Western concepts of the freedom workers have unwittingly aided scientists in contact with only small amounts of these idenl;ifying ch emicals as a major source of subgtances may never suffer any adverse and dignity of man. human cancer. effects. I want to express here my hope that In the American workplace today, there is But the worker is not so lucky. the policy of detente, or the relaxation of no requirement that a substance be proven Society has an insatiable appetite for con­ tension between us and the Soviet Union, safe before it is put to widespread use. venience items such as plastic and syn­ will not cause us to shirk our moral and Rather, it first must be proven guilty-with thetics. To feed that appetite, industry pro- March 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8235 duces as many as 250,000 new chemical mix­ produce more cases of his type of cancer and The Council on Environmental Quality tures each year, 500 to 700 of which become possibly other types. drafted a strong bill, which was weakened marketable products. Although DuPont is no longer producing somewhat before it was sent to Capitol Hill When the products are tested by industry, the substances which apparently caused Pol­ by the removal of its requirements for pre use they are, more often than not, tested for con­ lock's cancer, it continues to produce at the testing of chemicals. sumer appeal, not for their short- or long­ Chambers Works at least three chemicals Once the bill was on Capitol Hill, interest term effects on man or the environment. that have caused tumors in laboratory in it waned, just as the administration's The labors of the American worker have animals. commitment to a strong environmental pro­ paid off well. The sale of chemicals and re­ The substances are alpha-naphthylamine, gram faded. lated products last year reached almost $90 an additive to herbicides; MOCA, a trade Over the years, the Legislation's supporters billion, according to an industry survey. name for a synthetic rubber-curing agent, have been few: some congressmen and, more Chemicals are a business upon which much and hexamethyl-phosphoric triamide recently, a handful of labor unions and en­ of the national economy depends. (HMPA), a solvent. vironmentalists. The disquieting pricetag of industry's suc­ DuPont has argued that MOCA, alpha­ The bill's opponents are numerous and cess and society's convenience is the statistic naphthylamine and HMPA, while harmful well organized. Their influence is widely that the United States has the highest cancer to animals, are not harmful to humans. And based, for chemicals are vital to thousands of rate of any nation in the world. DuPont may be right. But it may be wrong. manufacturing operations. The job of the This year, 365,000 persons wlll die of can­ Only the ticking of the clock will tell. lobbyists has been eased by a Congress which cer, according to the NationaJ. Cancer Insti­ is increasingly wary of regulatory legislation tute. An estimated 665,000 new cancer cases THUMBPRINT SPOT Manual Pollock was diagnosed as having and its effects on the economy. will be reported. These statistics include only And when the chemical industry talks cancers likely to cause death. Skin cancer­ bladder tumors eight or nine years ago. Two decades and more prior to that, he had often economics, it does not talk in terms of a few the most common form of cancer-is not million dollars; it talks of upsetting the counted because of its low mortality rate. stripped to the waist to keep cool while mix­ ing the dusty chemicals which produced whole U.S. balance of trade. Scientists estimate that about 80 percent When Dr. C. Boyd Shaffer, representing of these one million cancers per year are beta-naphthylamine, benzidine and other substances. the Manufacturing Chemists Association, caused by hazardous substances in the en­ testified last March during hearings before vironment, including chemicals and cigaret Thomas Hllls, who died in 1965 at age 53, is one of the statistics in the National Cancer the Senate subcommittee on the environ­ smoke. Although cigaret smoking is a better­ ment on toxic substances control, he stressed known cause of cancer, chemicals far sur­ Institute mortality survey. He, like Manuel Pollock, had mixed chemicals for years for that exact point. pass it as a source of cancer, according to the "Our association is concerned particularly National Cancer Institute. his employer, the Rohm & Haas Co. of Phila­ delphia, without any awareness that he that excessive cost in complying with new BODY coUNT might be exposing himself to cancer. regulations in the U.S. will impair the chem­ "Almost everything we know now about In 1948, Hills began working with a new ical industry's competitive position in world occupational cancer comes from counting substance, bis-chloromethyl ether (BCME). marketf: at a time when its contribution is dead bodies," says Dr. J. William Lloyd, an Twenty-five years later, BCME would be needed desperately to maintain the economic official of the National Institute for Occu- identified by scientists as the most potent strength of the nation." pational Safety and Health. cancer-causing substance ever produced. The Environmental Protection Agency Last fall, when the National Cancer Insti- Before exposure to BCME was regulated, Hills (EPA) estimates the cost of compliance at tute released the results of a 20-year sur- and 51 other Rohm & Haas workers would between $80 and $140 million a year. As vey of more than five million cancer deaths die of cancer. much as 20 percent of that cost could be in the United States, it showed a consistent One of Hills' daughters remembers vividly offset by the introduction of new, substitute pattern. Where there is densely concentrated the changes in her father after he began products to replace chemicals regulated un­ industry, there is cancer, in numbers exceed- working with BCME. For a little girl who der the bill, according to the EPA. ing those reported in all other areas. loved to curl up beside her father in his The chemical industry claims that com­ A variety of cancers, including those of easy chair, there was a noticeable change­ plying with the Senate version of the bill the lung, liver and bladder, showed up in a strange "fishy" smell that even a shower would cost $1.3 billion a year. A survey con­ large amounts along the East Coast, from could not erase. ducted by Dow Chemical Co. places the cost Washington to Boston, where much of the The closely knit Hills family, who lived at $2 billion. chemical industry is concentrated. across the street from the massive Rohn & Industry has used cost figures as formid­ Salem County, N.J., where 25 percent of Haas plant, became alarmed when Hills was able weapons in the past. the males work in chemical plants, has the sent to Temple University for a chest X-ray In 1974, when the federal government highest bladder cancer rate in the nation. as part of an employe medical testing project. stepped in to regulate exposure to vinyl Manuel Pollock is one of those Salem Mrs. Caroline Hall, Hills' daughter, recalls chloride-which by then had killed several County workers with bladder cancer. what happened: workers-the plastics industry announced Pollock, who worked at the sprawling Du- "Temple called him back and told him that the regulations would force industry to Pont Co.'s Chambers Works in Deepwater for there had been a mistake on his X-ray-that shut down, throwing two million people .out 39 years before he retired in January 1975, a technician had gotten a thumbprint on the of work and causing a loss of production helped DuPont produce beta-naphthylamine, film. They asked him to go back down there and sales as high as $65 to $90 b11lion. a dyestuff that killed its first worker in for another X-ray. FALSE PREDICTIONS 1884, according to federal health officials. "He went and they called him "back. It Less than two years later, with the regu­ Pollock also helped DuPont produce benzi- wasn't a thumbprint on the X-ray. It was a lations in effect, the predictions have proven dine, a dyestuff no longer produced by any spot on his lungs as big as a thumb." false. Instead of an industry-wide shutdown, industrialized nation except the United Within a year, Thomas Hills was dead of there are four new vinyl chloride producers. States because of its cancer-causing proper- cancer. The cost to industry to comply with the ties. The same year Thomas H11ls died, Rohm & new vinyl chloride regulations, according to Both beta-naphthylamine and benzidine Haas contracted with a Virginia laboratory to one private survey, has been about $300 are regulated by the federal government now, test whether several chemical substances, million. and DuPont no longer manufactures them. including BCME, caused cancer in animals. The toxic substances control bill would But the federal regulation came only after It was not until 1973 that the federal gov- give government control of what chemicals many workers had died and others, like Pol- ernment-acting under the Occupational enter the workplace and the marketplace­ lock, discovered they had contracted an oc- .._ Safety and Health Act of 1970-stepped in a decision which, with few exceptions, has cupational disease: cancer. to regulate worker exposure to BCME. been left entirely in the hands of industry. What alarms scientists the most about the For five years, the legislation that would In the past, industry has always done such National Cancer Institute survey is the fu- control the use of toxic substances has been testing, usually keeping the results secret for ture trend the statistics indicate. shuffied around Washington. competitive reasons. Even when the tests Most cancers take many years to develop. J. Clarence Davies 3d, who helped draft have shown a chemical to be hazardous, Workers with occupational cancer today the original bill in 1972, while on the liberal­ chemical producers have not always }?een probably were exposed as long as 20 to 25 leaning staff of the Nixon Administration's candid. years ago. Council on Environmental Quality, says the In the instance of vinyl chloride, which in Therefore, the tremendous increase in the White House hoped to use the legislation to 30 years has grown from a fireproofing prod­ use of chemicals in this country, which has gain the political support of environmental­ uct in fighter planes to a $65-billion-a-year occurred in the past three decades, means ists. way of life, the chemical industry kept secret that the National Cancer Institute findings "The Administration wanted to make a may only be "the tip of an iceberg," accord- for almost a year the results of industry­ ing to some experts. big splash," says Davies. "We knew damn funded research which showed that vinyl Manuel Pollock's ca!'e of bladder cancer well it wouldn't last . We figured we've just chloride caused cancer. is just one of 300 which have been reported got to make the most of this as fast as we The research findings were not made pub­ among the Chambers Workers' 7,000 em- can before we get our legs cut out from lic until after the deaths of several vinyl ployees. Pollock believes the next 10 years will under us." chloride workers from cancer. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS LVlarch 25, 1976 When Boyd Shaffer of the Manufacturing They cite environmental laws such as the One of the most significant is the growing Chemists Association testified last March, Clean Air Act and the Water Pollution Con­ strength of the labor-environmentalist lobby he stressed self-monitoring again. trol Act. They also point to the Occupa­ for the bill, countering industry's long-time "At this point, we think it appropriate tional Safety and Health Act (OSHA) as pro­ lobbying activities against it. to emphasize that the chemical industry has tection against hazards. "Labor is a sleeping giant in this thing," a long history of toxicity testing in either TOOLS INADEQUATE says a Senate subcommittee staff member, Michael Brownlee. "They have always sup­ its own laboratories or those of independent "The problems of industrial use of chemi­ contractors, and has continued to exert lead­ ported this legislation but there is a differ­ cals are being met with the specific tools ence between supporting legislation and ership in the fields of testing and hazard which Congress has already provided," in­ assessment." working for it." dustry official Norman Phaneuf testified last What motivated labor interest has been The president of Hohm & Hass described summer before a. House subcommittee. industry's testing methods somewhat differ­ disclosures of cancer deaths among vinyl He cited OSHA as the prime safeguard chloride and asbestos workers, according to ently. Vincent L. Gregory Jr. recalled for the against industry abuse. Senate subcommittee on the environment Sheldon Samuels of the AFL-CIO's Industrial However, with the exception of food and Union Department. how at one time a substance was determined drug laws and a similar pesticides control to be hazardous: · "We've really been shook by both," he act, no existing federal law screens new sub­ says. "(In) the chemical lndusrtiry, I would say stances before humans are exposed. OSHA generally up until about the middle 1950s Environmental groups also have taken a has no provisions for screening new sub­ new look at the legislation, also due to a and so forth, the method of safety for worker stances for potential hazards. health was really one of smell and taste and, groWing concern over hazardous substances As a. result, the federal government is in the environment. you know, if it made you cry and so forth, forced to respond to crises such as the vinyl this type of gross exposure a,nd acute tox­ chloride deaths after they occur. "They've done a turn-around," says icity. And the emphasis was on this, if this "The only way to remove ourselves from Samuels. "They have realized they've got didn't hurt you, and if you didn't fall over, our current reactive posture is through pas­ more than the birds, the bees and Yosemite and so forth (it was safe)." sage of a strong Toxic Substances Control to worry about." The versions of the bill awaiting a vote of Act," Russell W. Peterson, chairman of the But, just as interest in the bill and support the Senate requires that industry conduct a Council on Environmental Quality, told a for it outside Congress is growing, the Sen­ variety of specified tests on any new chemi­ group of scientists in Washington in 1974. ate's commitment to strong legislation ap­ cal substances and report to the EPA these Supporters of the pre-market testing ele­ pears to be weakening. Industry lobbyists, results. In addition, the EPA will be per­ ments of the bill also point out that if a apparently sensing the changing mood, have mitted to order testing of substances already substance is shown to be hazardous before stepped up their efforts there. produced that could pose a risk to human it goes into mass production, it can be re­ "There has never been any problem with health. moved from the market without widespread the Senate in the past," says Brownlee. "The In the past, toxic substances control bills economic impact. legislation has always zinged through. This approved by the House have been consider­ "Once a. substance is on the market, a year, they (the lobbyists) are having an a,bly weaker than those coming out of the whole industry develops around it," says effect. It's not pat here anymore." Senate. In this session of Congress, however, Jacqueline Warren, a lawyer for the Environ­ The change of attitude is not only the a bill similar to the Senate version in its mental Defense Fund, which, after four years result of lobbying efforts. The passage of two testing provisions awaits action by the Inter­ of legal proceedings, obtained a ban on the years since the Senate approved the legisla­ state and Foreign Commerce Committee. cancer-causing pesticides aldrin and dieldrin, tion has brought with it some new consid­ Supporters of strong toxic substance con­ used by farmers since the 1940s. erations. trols fear tha,t when the House version comes "There is no question of shutting down a "Those were pre-embargo days, pre­ up for a vote-possibly within a month­ whole industry once production has begun, inflation, before the glitter was off the en­ efforts to weaken it will be made by Repre­ so you have to regulate. What we should be vironmental movement," says Brownlee. "It's sentatives such as John Y. McCollister, a able to do is prevent its growth through a difficult time to impose a regulatory pro­ Nebraska Republican who formerly headed early regulation." gram." his family's petroleum and lubricant com­ The attitude toward toxic substances con­ LAST CHANCE pany. trol has changed considerably since 1970, This may be the toxic substances control McCollister sponsored his own bill. En­ when environmental issues were popular and bill's last chance for passage, according to dorsed by the White House, it provided that the economy was stronger. Brownlee. only those substances which are identified by "We were still riding the high crest of the "If we don't reach agreement in this Con­ the EPA as suspected haZ'a.rds would be environmental wave," recalls a. former Coun­ gress, it will be hard to get attention on it screened. cil on Environmental Quality staff member, again." Critics claim that if the current bill is re­ J. Clarence Davies. Now, he adds, economic Supporters of the legislation are counting vised along the lines of McCollister's legisla­ issues "rank high" and industry has "dug on increased public pressure to win over tion, a substance such as vinyl chloride­ in its heels." uncommitted congressional votes. which, until workers began dying, was con­ The first roadblocks encountered for the Time is working in their favor. With the S'ldered "safe" because it's chemical make­ legisla tlon in 1970 came from the Commerce passage of months come new reports of new up was innocent-looking would slip through Department, which has remained an oppo­ hazardous substances striking down workers. Without pre-testing. nent of the bill ever since. Most recently, over 30 employes of a now­ The chemists' association has lobbied for One of the leading critics of the legislation defunct subcontractor of Allied Chemical Co. the weakest versions of the legislation, sup­ in the early days was James T. Lynn, then in Hopewell, Va., and members of their porting pre-market testing of only those sub­ general counsel of the Commerce Depart­ families have come down with body tremors stances "likely to pose substantial danger to ment. Lynn currently is head of the Office of and blurred vision as a result of exposure to health or the environment," the inclusion Management and Budget and still vigorously kepone, a chemical that causes liver cancer of detailed economic impact studies before opposes the bill. in laboratory animals. any regulation is established and strict pro­ "If the Congress does pass it, there's ·always Allied is one of the major chemical pro­ tection of testing data to protect trade the possibility that the President will veto ducers to take an active role in opposing secrets. it because of economic considerations," says strong toxic substances control legislation. The lobbying has been, in the words of one Davies. Another is DuPont. congressional aide, "phenomenal." The 1970 version of the bill drafted by the DuPont has worked long and hard to "There have been lette-rs flying in here from Council on Environmental Quality included prevent enactment of strict controls on new every mom-and-pop chemical company in a provision for premarket testing. That pro­ vision was eliminated by the White House chemicals. Yet, workers at the company's the country," he says. Chambers Works in Salem County-where Industry fears the eruLCtment of a bill sim­ on the ground that it would inhibit innova­ tion in industry. many of the most hazardous substances ilar to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, were and still are produced-know nothing which regulates food labeling, add·itives, con­ The provision was promptly restored to the bill when it arrived at the Senate. about the legislation. tainers, drugs and cosmetics. In fact, there is little sentiment among the "We don't think this is an FDA situa­ The Senate version has remained essenti­ tion," says William M. Stover, vice president ally unchanged ever since. In the House, plant's workers for the need to strengthen for governmental affairs of the Manufactur­ however, things have been quite different. laws concerning exposure to hazardous ing Chemists Association. "That would be From the very first toxic substances con­ chemicals. killing a fly with a sledge hammer. If you trol legislation has been "an orphan child, Most workers, according to Leslle R. Morris, want to stop air .pollution, you don't put a with no one to look after it," according to a president of the 4,300-member independent screwcap on all the chimneys." congressional staff member. union at the Chambers Works, are confident Industry has argued that there presently NEW FACTORS that the company would not expose them are enough federal laws in existence to ac­ A number of things have occurred recently to hrazardous substances. complish the goals of toxic substances con­ tha.t may affect the bill's fate in this Con­ "We believe in the sincerity of this com­ trol. gress. pany in leveling with us," says Morris. March 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8237 CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS for implementation in 1976. Lead paint poi­ in public housing. The plight of urban edu­ soning programs, and prevention and control cation is amorphous in the Presidential RESPONSE TO THE PRESIDENT'S of venereal and other infectious disease pro­ budget request. We will not tolerate the BUDGET PROPOSAL, PART II grams that were designated by statute will neglect of inner-city children and we can­ also be eliminated by the block grant mecha­ not nor will we accept a Presidential re­ HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY nism. The urban and minority community quest of that same nature. must be cognizant of the Administration's WELFARE-PUBLIC ASSISTANCE OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA attempt to phase out the power of self­ The Administration proposes to reduce the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES determination in the local community. 1977 outlay in maintenance assistance (wel­ (2) President Ford has once again proposed Thursday, March 25, 1976 fare) by $256 million. This will be accom­ catastrophic health insurance for the elderly. plished by imposing additional restrictions Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, the Last year he proposed a $750 per year hospital on the monthly income eligibility and the Congressional Black Caucus recently re­ insurance maximum and this year it is $500 subsequent 200,000 caseload reduction for leased our analysis of the President's per year. These are the pertinent points to current recipient families with dependent this legislation: children ( AFDC) . proposed budget for fiscal year 1977. We (a) a maximum of $500 for hospital costs were disappointed that the President Medical Assistance under Title XIX of and $250 for physician services per annum the Social Security Act is made available to again failed to give adequate attention for all participants; all states with an approved plan. Currently and resources to our Nation's domestic (b) a 10 percent coinsurance for all hos­ all AFDC cash recipients are eligible formed­ needs. My colleague, Congresswoman pital costs incurred below the maximum and icaid benefits. The Administration's intent YvoNNE B. BURKE, chairperson of the over the one day hospital deductible; is to "block grant" this federally mandated caucus, has introduced the first part of (c) cost reimbursements would be limited medical assistance to state governments. to 7 percent for hospitals and 4 percent for Under Title XIX of the Social Security our budget response into the RECORD. I physicians' fees. am introducing the second part of that Act grants are made to states with an im­ It becomes rather apparent, when analyzing posed $2.5 billion ceiling and a state grant response, and Congressman ANDREW the income of those over 62, that this annual matching aid provision of 75 percent. Day YouNG is introducing the third section. expense will continue to be an insurmount­ care, foster care, public assistance staff train­ The article follows: able burden to our elderly. This facet of pro­ ing and other social services have a projected posed insurance also does not reveal the fact DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND 1976 total program cost of $3.2 billion. The that $500 for hospital cost and $250 for physi­ WELFARE Ford Administration proposes to negate the cian service does not insure against those HEALTH state matching requirement and initiate a perils that are not covered by Medicare. This block grant of $2.5 billion for social services. A crucial area of concern for the minority proposal also places a de facto wage control The $0.5 b1llion 1976 outlay for child wel­ community falls under the jurisdiction of the on the hospital administration. If hospital fare services is omitted from Administra­ Department of Hee.Ith, Education, and Wel­ cost and physicians' fees should increase by tion concern. These funds are earmarked for fare. President Ford, in acknowledging sus­ more than 7 percent and 4 percent respec­ the care of neglected homeless children re­ tained growth of this Department's account, tively, the Medicare recipient would be forced gardless of their parents' income. Also elim­ has attempted to legitimize a new legislative to supplement the difference. We cannot allow inated were the training projects under Sec­ program of a block grant to states so that our fixed income elderly to again be the vic­ tion 426 of the Social Security Act and the states might bear the burden of a national tims of infiation and cyclical variation. research and evaluation programs under Sec­ problem. (3) The President's health budget proposal tions 1110, 1115 and 426. Mr. Ford intends to consolidate 16 pro­ is a political ploy designed to pacify the state grams into a health service block grant pro­ governments and conjure support from the gram to states. In doing so he has eliminated elderly. However, if the Administration's cur­ the categorical programs for hypertension rent $9.5 billion medicaid cost is underesti­ and home health services along with pro­ mated, the states would be forced to pay a NONPROFIT POSTAL RATES FOR posing to reduce the Supplemental Appropri­ higher amount to maintain the current serv­ BLOCK ASSOCIATIONS ations Act of 1976 for health services from $90 ice level or they would cut back on the serv­ million to $50 million. Mr. Ford is antici­ ices provided to the recipient. In either case, pating a legislative proposal to consolidate the $10 blllion block grant is well below the the Center for Disease Oontrol and therefore recently passed Labor-HEW appropriations HON. EDWARD I. KOCH proposes to cut $13 million that was appro­ designation for health and will not serve the OF NEW YORK priated specifically for rat control projects needs of the states or the recipients. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES under the Public Health Service Act. The The most recent Congressional Budget block grant mechanism would negate the Office estimate of $9.5 billion for Medicaid Thursday, March 25, 1976 health project grant system that was spe­ and the $3.2 billion for other health programs Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, I am intro­ cifically adopted to meet the needs of local proposed in consolidation, with no require­ ducing a bill which would include com­ agencies and non-profit organizations. The ments for matching state funds, would cul­ President's Financial Assistance for the minate in approximately a $2.7 billion loss of munity block associations among the Health Care Act that would replace Pre­ health services. The elderly and project grants categories of nonprofit associations eligi­ ventive Health Services reduces federal ex­ of the city and county administration will ble for special third class mailing rates. penditures for preventive health care from surely suffer from this proposed loss. Under the United States Code, special $141 million to $34 million. Preventive EDUCATION nonprofit organization rates are limited health-a regional issue-also remains a pub­ In the area of Education, President Ford to religious, educational, scentific, phil­ lic issue and should be retained on the has proposed to consolidate 27 currently antropic, agricultural, labor, veterans, national level. funded educational programs at a $6.8 bil­ and fraternal organizations. Also consolidated under the Financial As­ lion level into a Financial Assistance for Ele­ sistance for Health Care Act are programs In recent years, there has been an up­ mentary and Secondary Education block surge in the number and importance of which were earmarked for alcohol, and men­ grants to states with a $3.3 billion funding tal health. The 16 program consolidation, level. This proposal would destroy the al­ community block associations. In this costing the Federal government $10 billion, ready deteriorating tax base of the inner time of national economic trouble, it is cannot be specifically geared to meet low city if any attempt was made to sustain the particularly important to encourage the income interest if the program funding current program level. The President's pro­ activity of these groups, who valuably mechanism is a block grant. posal is with a total disregard for the middle assist in mitigating the effect of cuts in President Ford has proposed to combine class homeowner. The homeowner currently Medicaid and 15 categorical programs public services, and developing a stronger suffers from escalating property taxes used sense of community. through the Financial Assistance for the to subsidize the eixsting gap between fed­ Health Care Act, into the $10 billion block eral and state funds for education and local The bill I am introducing defines grant program to the States. There are three needs. Any further reduction in federal sup­ "community block association" as any points of concern with this proposal: port would place an insurmountable burden nonprofit association or other organiza­ (1) local governments and local non-profit on the municipal bond market and the local tion which is: First, composed of resi­ organizations will be eliminated from the tax base. In the dusk of the fiscal crisis of dents of a community or neighborhood; project grant programs that were specifically New York, the Administration must become and Second, organized for the purpose designed to meet local needs. The President more sensitive to urban development as an has expressed a desire to rescind the Supple­ of considering and disposing of rna tters alternative to urban deterioration. affecting such community or neighbor- mental Appropriations Act of 1976 which re­ Impact aid is also cited for legislative fers to Section 317 of the Public Health Serv­ modifications. The three tier hierarchical hood; and carrying out programs and ice Act witb. regard to rat control. This proj­ funding mechanism would only be funded activities designed to improve the qual­ ect grant was federally designated as a local at tier one levels. This would dictate little ity of life in such community or neigh­ program and was appropriated $13.1 m1llion categorical funding for the children living borhood. 8238 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 25, 1976 Special rate privileges to nonprofit themselves, through their own Constituent for their homeland. This anniversary groups make it possible for associations Assembly, will decide upon the future rela­ serves as a reminder that the spirit of in this category to contact their member­ tions of Byelorussia with all other States.... freedom continues to burn in the hearts ship by mail as often as is necessary Their independence received immedi­ of the Byelorussian people in the face overextending their usually limited ate de jure recognition from over a dozen of Communist oppression. funds, also permitting the Post Office the states and Byelorussian legations and At this point in history, when we are right to handle this bulk mail on a non­ consulates were set up in a number of commemorating the principles of free­ priority service basis. foreign capitals. But Moscow, by then dom and democracy on which our coun­ It is entirely possible that the omis­ Bolshevik, again invaded and the new try was founded, we should emphasize sion of block associations from the defi­ state was brutally snuffed out. the right of self-determination for those nition is due to the more limited number I join my colleagues in extending best people deprived of their rights within and lesser significance of these associa­ wishes to our fellow Americans of Byelo­ the Soviet Union. Therefore, I take this tions at the time the law was written, russian descent as they commemorate occasion to direct the attention of the and that it is the intent of the law to in­ their declaration of liberty and assure Members to this anniversary of Byelo­ clude this group. My bill would correct those still living under Soviet domination russian independence so that not only this situation. that their plight has not been forgotten. the people of Byelorussia but all captive Theirs is a struggle for the emergence nations will continue to receive our en­ of all captive nations and their victory couragement until the day comes when a necessary prerequisite for any lasting their freedom is restored. THE BYELORUSSIAN DEMOCRATIC world peace. REPUBLIC

CONGRESSIONAL SALUTE OF EX­ HON. JAMES J. DELANEY FIFTY-EIGHTH ANNIVERSARY OF CELLENCE TO THE HONORABLE OF NEW YORK THE PROCLAMATION OF INDE­ WILLIAM B. PIRONE OF NEW JER­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PENDENCE OF THE BYELORUS­ SEY, CHAMPION OF DISABLED SIAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Thursday, March 25, 1976 AMERICAN VETERANS, COMMU­ NITY LEADER, AND GREAT AMER­ Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, today ICAN Americans of Byelorussian descent are HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI celebrating the 58th anniversary of the OF ILLINOIS Declaration of Independence of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. ROBERT A. ROE Byelorussian Democratic Republic. OF NEW JERSEY Thursday, March 25, 1976 The Byelorussian people are one of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES oldest ethnic groups now under the So­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, today, viet yoke of oppression. They had been March 25, marks the 58th anniversary Thursday, March 25, 1976 living in their homeland, which extended of that brief period in history when the Mr. ROE. Mr. Speaker, on Saturday, from the eastern borders of Poland to Byelorussian people enjoyed national in­ April 3, residents of my Eighth Congres­ the approaches of Moscow, since before dependence. In 1918, the Byelorussian sional District, State of New Jersey will the ninth century. There they led a National Council issued a proclamation assemble at the Roman Forum in West peaceful and rewarding existence until of independence, thus forming the Bye­ Paterson, N.J. to honor one of our most around the turn of the 16th century lorussian Democratic Republic and end­ prominent citizens, champion and out­ when Moscow launched a series of at­ ing 3% centuries of foreign domination. standing national leader of all of our tacks against them. In fact, Byelorussia Unfortunately, the Byelorussians were veterans and servicemen, good friend served as a cultural and artistic center allowed to enjoy their freedom only a and neighbor, the Honorable William B. for all of Eastern Europe. The Byelorus­ few short months before their sovereignty Pirone, Adjutant of the Disabled Ameri­ sians introduced the ideas and works of was crushed by the Bolshevik forces of can Veterans of New Jersey, who has the Renaissance into the area and they the Soviet Union. achieved the highest standards of excel­ became the third ethnic group, after This anniversary is of great signifi­ lence in distinguished service to his coun­ only the Germans and the Czechs, to cance for citizens of Byelorussian origin try and his f ellovnnen. have a Bible printed in their native iri the United States and in other coun­ For as long as I can remember, Bill tongue. tries in the free world. H~wever, in Bye­ Pirone has been in the vanguard of the Russian military might gradually in­ lorussian, this national observance of in­ "combat troops" on all fronts, at home creased until Byelorussia was forced dependence is replaced by the celebration and abroad, in seeking justice and equity under the tyranny of the autocratic of the Bolshevik Revolution, which sig­ for all of our people. Before his induc­ czars. One czarist government after nifies the subordination of Byelorussia tion into the armed services of our coun­ another did its best to obliterate all to Soviet Russia. try and combat duty with the second Byelorussian national identity. Repeated Despite continuous terrorist activities U.S. Cavalry in World War II, he learnee anti-Russian uprisings occurred-espe­ imposed upon them under the Commu­ the fundamental principle of exemplary cially in 1830 and from 1863-70. The nist regime, the Byelorussians fought at sportsmanship as evidenced by his hav­ great national hero, Kastus Kalinouski, every opportunity for liberation from ing been singled out to play professional among many others, died on the gallows Soviet Russian domination. At the end baseball with the New York Giants farm for reminding his fellow countrymen in of World War II, the All-Byelorussian teams at Jacksonville, Fla. and the Jer­ 1864 that they could never be happy Congress again convened to approve a sey City Giants. while Moscow ruled over them. second proclamation, but was dispersed Mr. Speaker, Bill Pirone was born in, Finally, in 1918, when the czarist gov­ by the Soviet Government. and has been a lifelong resident of the ernment was overthrown, they saw their In 1973, the Soviet Russian Govern­ historic city of Paterson of my congres­ chance for freedom and on March 25 ment introduced an economic and ad­ sional district. He received his elemen­ the All-Byelorussian Congress issued its ministrative redistricting, dividing the tary and secondary education in the Declaration of Independence: entire territory of the U.S.S.R. into seven city's public school system and graduated A year ago, the peoples of Byelorussia, districts. This partition completely ig­ from the Stevens Institute of Technology together with all the peoples of Russia, threw nores the existing non-Russian ethnic with a B.A. degree in Business Adminis­ off the yoke of Russian Czarism which, taking groups and their individual republics tration. no advice from the people, had plunged our within the U.S.S.R. In effect, this in­ Bill is the universally recognized land into the blaze of war that ruined most creases the solidarity of the Russian em­ champion of our disabled American vet­ of our cities and towns. Today we, the Rada pire and consolidates non-Russian na­ erans-not only for his sincerity of pur­ of the Byelorussian National Republic, cast pose and dedication to their noble cause off from our country the last chains of the tionalities into a single Soviet Russian political servitude that had been imposed by nation. in his quest for legislative and adminis­ Russian Czarism upon our free and inde­ May I also take this opportunity to trative measures to provide them with pendent land. From now on, the Byelorussian commend the many Americans of Bye­ the dignity, respect, protection and secu­ National Republic is to be a free and inde­ lorussian origin who continue to strive rity of our country which they so richly pendent power. The peoples of Byelorussia for the eventual restoration of freedom deserve, but because he too has known March 2.5, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8239 the pain and suffering of the wounds of in seeking justice and fair play for all of honor to him personally; it is also an honor battle in our armed services. our veterans and their families. I might for the agency." As Director of the Division of Public Pro­ His youthful goals and ambitions which also add that his courage and fortitude grams, Dr. Barcroft is responsible for develop­ were headed toward a most promising in his own personal battle against the ing long range plans designed to make and highly coveted career in major pain and anguish of the wounds he suf­ humanistic knowledge more accessible to the league baseball were redirected on Feb­ fered in World War II is applauded by general population. In addition to the State­ ruary 1, 1943, when he became a member all of us and I personally am pleased and based Program, Dr. Barcroft's Division also of the Armed Forces of our country to do honored to be numbered amongst his includes the Museums and Historical Orga­ battle in World War II. He was assigned many, many friends. The Congress of nizations Program, Program Development, to the European theater of combat and on and the Media Program. the United States extends its greetings Among other important projects, the Mu­ June 6, 1944, participated in the massive and felicitations to Bill Pirone, a champ­ seums and Historical Organizations Program assault on Normandy Beach that is now ion of our disabled American veterans, has supported the exhibition of artifacts heralded as one of the major turning community leader, and great American. from the People's Republic of China and an points in the war and will always be archeological exhibition of treasures from remembered by all of us as D-Day. He the museums of the U.S.S.R. The nationally landed at Utah Beach, Normandy, France acclaimed "Adams Chronicles" television on D-Day and holds the Purple Heart JOHN H. BARCROFT OF NEH series has received substantial support from Medal with two oak clusters for the RECEIVES AWARD the Media Program unit. wounds he suffered on that day, and The citation for Barcroft also states, "As in subsequent battles that occurred in the result of his vision, energy, and admin­ istrative skills, a nationwide program in the August 1944 and March 1945. He served HON. JOHN BRADEMAS humanities, unique in the world, is in opera­ with the 1st Army and was among OF INDIANA tion through which citizens are acquiring a those brave and courageous soldiers of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deeper understanding of local, state and · the five campaigns which were known national problems. as the Ghosts of Patton's 3rd Army who Thursday, March 25, 1976 "The State-based Program reflects his fought on the battlefields of Normandy, belief in the importance of the humanities Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, we hear in national life, and his faith in our political northern France, central Europe, Ar­ a great deal of criticism now to the effect dennes and Rhineland. process that depends on an informed citi­ that the Federal Government that does zenry. Public response to this unprecedented Mr. Speaker, our great country and not direct itself sufficient to the needs activity is testimony of a personal achieve­ all of our people can be justly proud of and concerns of the American people. ment which has intellectual and social Bill's outstanding contributions in serv­ It is a special pleasure, therefore, to rec­ significance for the nation." ice to our country. He received his hon­ ognize the outstanding accomplishments Dr. Barcroft was a member of the NEH orable discharge from the Army on July of John H. Barcroft. staff from 1966 to 1968 as Assistant Director July 5, 1945, and has continued to serve In only 4 years Dr. Barcroft has de­ and then Director of the Office of Planning. in civilian life as an esteemed member of After two years as Provost of New College in veloped a unique program for the Na­ Sarasota, Florida, he returned to the Endow­ the Disabled American Veterans, Amer­ tional Endowment for the Humanities ment as Director of the new Division of ican Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, that is active in all 50 States and sup­ State and Community Programs. When that Military Order of the Purple Heart, Am­ ports a wide range of local projects. Dr. Division was merged With another to con­ vets and the Riverside Veterans of Pat­ Barcroft has brought his bold imagina­ stitute what is now the Division of Public erson, N.J. tion and many talents in service to the Programs, Dr. Barcroft was named Director. Bill was president of the Veterans public. In recognition of his innovative Dr. Barcroft has a B.A. from Brown and Council of Paterson. In the DAV he efforts, Dr. Barcroft has received the an M.A. and Ph. D. from the University of moved up through the organization's ex­ Minnesota. He is a member of the American Arthur S. Fleming Award honoring out­ Historical Association and the Conference on executive offices to be elected department standing young men and women in the British Studies and has served on the facul­ State commander in 1960-61 and na­ Federal Government. ties of Wheaton College and the University tional junior vice commander in 1962- I insert in the RECORD the announce­ of Washington. 1963. Since 1967 he has served as busi­ ment of that award: Currently celebrating its tenth anniver­ ness manager and is currently the ad­ JOHN H. BARCROFT OF THE NATIONAL ENDOW­ sary, NEH is a Federal agency With specific jutant of the Disabled American Vetel'­ MENT FOR THE HUMANITIES RECEIVES ARTHUR legislative authority to encourage and sup­ ans, Department of New Jersey. S. FLEMMING AWARD HONORING OUTSTAND­ port national progress in the humanities. In addition to the leadership positionS ING YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN IN THE FED­ There are five grant making units in NEH, ERAL GOVERNMENT IN 1975 each with responsibility for a major area of he has held in veterans' organizations, national need. These are the Division of Pub­ he has achieved the deepest respect and WASHINGTON, D.C.-John H. Barcroft, Di­ lic Programs, Division of Research Grants, acclaim for the quality of his leadership rector of the Division of Public Programs of Division of Fellowships, Division of Educa­ in civic and community affairs. We are the National Endowment for the Humanities, tion, and the Office of Planning and Analysis. has been selected as a recipient of the 28th especially apprecialive of the excellence annual ArthurS. Flemming Awards honoring of his achievements as a former city outstanding young men and women in the park commissioner and in his present of­ Federal government for 1975. RURAL AMERICA FACED WITH ECO­ fice of public trust as Commissioner of Awards are made for meritorious achieve­ NOMIC AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS the Board of Adjustment of Pater&on. ments having current impact on Federal pro­ Mr. Speaker, during this Bicentennial grams or operations. They will be presented in Washington on March 17 to ten young HON. PHILIP E. RUPPE Year as we reflect on the history of OF MICHIGAN America and the outstanding contribu­ persons in the Federal government, five for technical or scientific achievements and five IN TEE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions made by our citizens in achieving in the administrative category. our Nation's oreeminence as a represen­ Dr. Barcroft was selected for the Flemmi.ng Thursday, March 25, 1976 tative democracy, second to none, among Award for his development of the State­ Mr. RUPPE. Mr. Speaker, in the past all nations of the world, I am pleased based Program, a unit of the Division of Public Programs. few years, rural America has been faced and privileged to commend to you all of with a host of economic and social prob­ the good works of Bill Pirone. I share The Flemming Award Citation states that "this 'State-based' program, instituted in all lems of such proportion as to raise the the pride of his wife, Clara, their son, 50 states in only four years, has generated question of whether rural Americans are William, Jr. of Paterson; and daughters, over $37.9 million in private funds; supported indeed second-class citizens. While there Patricia assassins press aides, statewide campaign chair­ not pushy, but definitely in command. They and numerous unknown plots, what's a tor­ men, and other nationally quotable in­ were easy to spot ·since they wore a small nado or three? dividuals. Rarely have we had reported button on the left side of their jackets and the other side of the coin, that is, the they also had what looked like hearing aids thought processes of a reporter on the in their ears. TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO TODAY scene. Ford slowly began to walk through the Here in Washington, of course, we crowd, as the Secret Service proceeded to recognize that we deal with a press corps clear a path that cut across the room diag­ HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS onally. I was amazed that we were allowed Ol' CALIFORNIA that considers itself the most sophisti­ to cluster around the President of the United cated practitioners of journalism in the States as closely as we did. If I was a member IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES world. Across the country, however, espe­ of the Secret Service force, I'd be a nervous Thursday, March 25, 1976 cially in community newspapers, we find wreck. It wasn't so long ago that Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme and Sara Jane Moore Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years conscientious, public-spirited journalists ago today, on March 25, 1776, the Con­ still writing stories rather than working gained worldwide notoriety when they were apprehended while carrying weapons. tinental Congress agreed to supply and off of detailed press releases or sometimes As Ford hal tingly walked across the room, pay the expenses of two additional even leaks. Miss Stephanie Rusnak, who he shook hands and chatted with people. battalions in South Carolina and three is a reporter and columnist for the Tin­ Some just introduced themselves with a sim­ additional continental battalions in Vir­ ley Park Star-Herald, Tinley Park, TIL, ple "Happy to meet you," while others ginia. Congress wished to strengthen the relates in a column on March 18 her stopped him for a minute or so with ques­ tions and conversation. defenses of the southern military de­ personal observations of attending a partment because the then existing con­ press conference held by President Ford The closer he approached, the more indeci­ sive I became as to whether it would be bet­ tinental forces in South Carolina and in Chicago 2 weeks ago: ter to attempt asking a question or just sim­ Virginia would be unable to defend those CONVERSATION WITH THE PRESIDENT ply introduce myself and leave it at that. Colonies against an expected British (By Stephanie Rusnak) Standing alongside my future husband, attack in the early spring. What do you say to the President of the Tony, I began mumbling weakly to myself ·on March 25, 1776, the Continental United States? "He may be President, but he's just another human being, right?" It was a last ditch at­ Congress, informed by letter from Wash­ I asked myself this question Friday as I ington that the British had evacuated watched President Gerald Ford slowly walk tempt at calming myself. through a room filled with about 100 North­ The answer I received was no help at all. Boston and that continental troops had ern Illinois Newspaper association members "He's the most powerful man in the West­ taken possession of the city, resolved: and guests. ern world," he said in a somber tone. That the thanks of this Congress, in their We had just entered the reception room, "Right," I thought to myself. At that point own name, and in the name of the thirteen following a press conference with the I was already beyond conversation. I was United Colonies, whom they represent, be President. deeply involved in a private mental debate presented to his excellency General Wash­ The entire event, the press conference and over whether I should: ington, and the officers and soldiers under reception, was arranged by the newspaper ---attemot to ask a question, his command, for their wise and spirited con­ association. The press conference was limited ---just shake hands, introduce myself and duct in the siege and acquisition of Boston; to questions from the association members be quiet. and that a medal of gold be struck in com­ only, although the Chicago media were ---stand in awkward silence. memoration of this great event, and present. ---run away. presented to his Excellency; and that a com­ I was dubious about any chance that I I opted for a combination. mittee of three be appointed to prepare a. might even get to catch a close glimpse Closer and closer the President came. letter of thanks, and a proper device for the of the President. I mean, when Ronald There were only three people between me and medal. Reagan was in town, members of our news­ the President. Then two, Then one. paper staff barely got close enough to see It was at this point that my perceptions of John Adams, John Jay, and Stephen him, let alone speak with him. Security what took place entered a dreamlike state. Hopkins were chosen to form the guards saw to that. Ford could have said "I have to leave now. committee. C~----522---Part7 8254 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 25, 1976 ESTATE TAX IS A HARDSHIP ON The area is dotted with small towns and ish share of the estate of a soon to die senior AVERAGE CITIZEN cities surrounded by rich farmland. we citizen. have numerous family-owned farms and "The $60,000 exemption for estate taxes businesses; yet at the same time, industry doesn't begin to reflect the spiraling inflation HO~. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN has brought a. surge of development and and deteriorating value of the dollar that suburban growth. have occurred. In order to be equitable and OF ll.LINOIS Inflation and the new growth have dras­ properly reflect the current situation, it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tically altered land values. It's not at all seems the exemption should at least be Thursday, March 25, 1976 unusual for a small farm worth $200 or raised to $120,000." $300 an acre for farming to be located next From a Kankakee Attorney: Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, our present to land worth $1,000 or $2,000 an acre on "The Ways and Means committee should estate tax system is obsolete; inflation the open market. consider raising the tax exemption to $300,- and rising property values have made it It's also increasingly common for someone 000. Let me illustrate. If a farmer owning 400 so. Last week the House Ways and Means who earns a moderate income, owns a house acres of land, which is not all that much, or store, and saves a. few dollars to have an died leaving his farm to one-half to his Committee opened hearings on the estate estate worth well over $60,000. That includes spouse outright and the other to her for life, tax issue. As a sponsor of legislation to a. number of elderly people who may never in 1970 when land was worth perhaps $500 liberalize our estate tax laws, I submit­ have earned more than $5,000 or $6,000 a. an acre, the estate would be valued at $200,- ted the following statement of my views y~a.r all their lives. 000. The marital tax would reduce the tax­ on this important matter: To give you a better idea. of how people able estate to $100,000 which would be re­ STATEMENT OF HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN in my district feel, ~'ll include here some duced by the exemption to $40,000. The tax excerpts from letters they've sent me on this upon this would be $4,800 and no install­ Mr. Chairman, my name is George M. subject. ment plan would be needed. O'Brien. I represent the 17th Congressional A Will County farmer wrote: "But suppose he dies in 1974 or '75 and the District of illinois and I'm here today to voice land is appraised at $2,000 an acre. Now his my support for estate tax Tevision. "Land values are inflated far beyond their productivity capacity. A few years ago land estate is worth $800,000 and the taxable In the 93d Congress and again in the 94th, estate will be reduced by the marital deduc­ I've sponsored legislation to raise the estate valued at $300 or $400 an acre is now priced at $1,500 or $1,600 an acre. I've known heirs tion to $400,000 and by the exemption to tax exemption, to permit farmland to be $340,000 and the tax will be $75,300. Inter­ valued at its agricultural worth for estate to have to sell their farms to pay the estate tax. We should preserve the natural beauty est at 9 percent the first year on a 10-year tax purposes rather than at its fair market installment payment plan would almost value. My present bill, H.R. 795, would raise of our country and conserve our farmland." From Iroquois County: equal the principal payment. The interest the exemption to $200,000. As your colleague, would be $6,999.30 and the principal $7,530. Mr. Burleson knows, I'm also a co-sponsor "The federal estate tax exemption is in­ If this isn't confiscation of property I don't of his bill, H.R. , which combines these adequate. It isn't keeping up with rising values of farmland. It should be increased a know what is." proposals with an increase in the marital Personally, I can't believe that Congress deduction. lot." I'm advocating these changes because I've From Will County: ever intended the estate tax law to become "With land values soaring, many widows such a. hardship on the average citizen. seen firsthand the hardship the present law Moreover, I hope that this committee imposes on our family farmers and business are faced with forced sale of their husband's farms by the very people who are supposed and this Congress will see to it that the law people. is changed to provide relief. As you know, the present estate tax exemp­ to protect widows and orphans, the govern­ ment. Mr. Chairman, you have before you the tion is $60,000. That was fairly generous means to accomplish this change. Our legis­ when it was set back in 1942. Land values "I know in my case, the land would have to be sold at a sacrifice to satisfy the estate lation would lift some of the burden of the were a lot lower. Unfortunately, prices have estate tax, in fact, it would go a long way increased more than 200 percent in the last tax, leaving the children's education and my wife's security up in the air. With this in­ toward removing most of the burden. 34 years and today you can't buy much of a. I realize that any revision in the present farm, much less equip it, for $60,000. The na­ flation, land worth $600 an acre is valued at $2,000 an acre, but no increase in yield estate tax system will alter federal revenues. tional average farm value today is closer There Will be losses. But these losses are to $165,000 and in my district, a. good farm or crop prices. "Please support the bill to permit a farm bound to be offset by new revenues from the would cost a lot more. income tax once people regain an incentive As a. result of inflation and the jump in to be taxed at it's value for farming pur­ land values, a. farmer's heiTS are often left poses." to build legacies. Right now, they are spend­ From Iroquois: ing more avoiding the estate tax than in With a. whooping estate tax liability in the building estates. tens of thousands of dollars. Few farmers I "Three cheers for Rep. Burleson and you! know have that kind of cash on hand. Their This tax is unfair and too high at present I also realize that any change in the pres­ money is usually tied up in fixed assets like inflationary prices. Nonfarmers are investing ent law brings With it the possibility of the land, expensive farm machinery, build­ in farms for tax loss purposes, raising valua­ opening new tax loopholes. No one wants to ings and livestock. They can't turn those tions far beyond production possib111ties. boost the danger of abuse in our already assets into cash quickly without cutting into "We worked and saved and deprived our­ much-abused tax system. Still, I think these their farm's production capacity. selves of all but necessities for years to be difficulties can be overcome. Certainly we They frequently end up getting another able to have a cushion for old age and a. should not let them stand in the way of re­ mortgage on the property, if possible, or sell­ 'start' for our children. If we sold at present vising the code where reform is needed. ing off part of the land and losing part of prices, capital gains would eat up all the Mr. Chairman, thank you for inviting me their productivity and profitablllty. More profits and still leave nothing for the in­ to testify here today. I hope you and the likely, they have to sell out the entire opera­ tended purposes. Our children also helped other members of this committee Will see fit pay for our acreage, by work, and by doing to act quickly and favorably on my request tion and lose their livelihood. for the reforms embodied in my, and Mr. In other words, the present exemption is without the pleasures and toys others had. Burleson's, legislation. so low it's helping to drive farmers out of We had no electricity until1939 and no water business. Another obsolete provision of the system until 1947 nor indoor plumbing or estate tax law is the system we use to assess central heating. The Congress should con­ farm acres for tax purposes. Farmland is now sider us deserving of at least an estate tax valued at its worth on the open market, not break." CHRONICLE OF THE SLEEPING CAR at its real worth for farming. From Will County: PORTERS As an example, let's say a. farmer dies and "Pass this bill. A small farmer who wants leaves his family a. 125 acre farm worth to stay in farming, as I do, or pass his hard­ about $500 an acre for agriculture. Say fur­ earned farm to the next generation, cannot HON. LOUIS STOKES ther that the farm adjoins a housing devel­ do so today with such a low exemption. The OF OHIO opment where the land is going for $1,500 present law is old, old! Bring it up to date IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an acre. That farm is going to be taxed at with a $200,000 exemption and with a method the rate of $1,500 an acre, not $500, even 1! for valuing farming land on the basis of cur­ Thursday, March 25, 1976 the farmer's heirs plan to continue farming. rent and planned use instead of potential Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, "Track­ Figuring the estate tax this way is unfair. high value uses." ing Down 'Horror,' " by Ernest Holsen­ As an attorney back in my district and now From Kankakee County: I am a senior citi­ dolph of the New York Times is a chron­ as a Congressman, I've seen case after case zen, aged 75. By hard work, frugality, and where the inequities of the estate tax law conservative investment in a. home and vari­ icle of the sleeping car porter. have cost families their farms, businesses ous sound securities, my wife and I have This article elucidates the galling in­ and homes. You could say my constituency managed to accumulate a moderate estate. I dignities that these upstanding black is a microcosm of the national situation. assure you that our children and grandchil­ men were subjected to by the racist pol­ The 17th District is made up of three dren will need their inheritance very badly. icies of train companies. counties, Will, Kankakee and Iroquois and It's difficult to comprehend why a. non-frugal Many of my colleagues in the House the Chicago Heights area of Cook County. government should grab off such an outland- may not be aware that the job of sleep- March 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8255 ing car porter was the most respected or more white people," said Hal Leftwich, 57 cars and the equipment began to fall down year-old uncle of Willie E. Leftwich Jr., who in repa.ir,'' said Leftwich. "We knew then profession in the black community along has spent 35 years with the railroads and has that the Pullman company was nearing its with the doctor, the preacher, anC! the not yet retired. He was bitter about this re­ end." teacher. They were looked up to as pillars quirement. of the community and models of intel­ Ordinary Pullman porters had certain ligence and sobriety. Imagine the silent routine duties. They had to set out clean POSTAL REFORM humiliation they suffered when they re­ linen, make sure that water bottles, towels, turned to the trains where, according to soap and cups were available, and stand the article, they were treated like equip­ ready to receive passengers boarding the cars. HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL A porter might have anywhere from 22 to OF NEW YORK ment rather than men. 42 passengers in his car, depending upon the Mr. Speaker, I am submitting Mr. equipment. He helped With baggage, fetched IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Holsendolphs report which was carried drinks and food and generally took responsi­ Thur_sday, March 25, 1976 in the Cleveland Sunday Plain Dealer on b1lity for the passengers, their needs and February 29, 1976. In light of this year's their possessions. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, in 1970 we Bicentennial celebration, I hope that this Sometimes, when the management wanted tried to find a cure for the ills that were account will serve as a painful reminder to cut corners, they would put a porter in facing the Postal Service at that time. of the past injustices perpetrated against charge of the whole car instead of a conduc­ We removed the Postal Service from the blacks in this country: tor. Porters-in-charge were paid from $20.25 Federal Government and made it an in­ to $32.50 extra a month, and some of them dependent agency, the U.S. Postal Serv­ TRACKING DoWN ''HORROR''-2,000 PuLLMAN served in this role for years--but they were PoRTERS SUE OVER PAST DISCRIMINATION not promoted to the job of conductor. ice. At the time, Congress thought that a (By Ernest Holsendolph) This practice was one of th~ primary remedy had been found for the many WASHINGTON .-Pullman car porters were sources of the lawsuit, begun in 1963 by problems facing the Post Office. However portrayed over the years as ambassadors of Earl A. Love, a retired porter who is now it appears now that the solution was no goodwill, always courteous and correct, con­ stricken with prostate cancer, his lawyers solution at all. For this reason I am today tented and eager to serve. say. introducing legislation that will put the But there was a different view. "The train Salary records show that in 1946 con­ Postal Service back into the Federal Gov­ was like a spaceship, in a way," says Willie ductors were p81id $256 to $289 a month, de­ ernment. L. Leftwich Jr., a lawyer for the porters in a pending upon seniority, but porters-in­ lawsuit brought against the company in 1963. charge were paid $196 to $207-a maximum I am sure we are all well a ware of the "The porters were forced to be docile on the difference of $93 a month. difficulties facing the Postal Service to­ trains, but they came off the trains like As the years went by, the differential day. The rates have been climbing at an tigers to tell about the horrors they faced widened, so that in 1966 the maximum dif­ alarming rate, up to where it now costs daily and for years." ference was $175 a month. It was not until 13 cents to mail a first-class letter. Yet Judge Alfred A. Arraj of the U.S. District 1967, according to court papers, that porters­ the Postal Service claims that their reve­ Court in Denver has ruled that the porters in-charge were promoted to conductor. nues are not matching their expendi­ had correctly asserted that for years they The porters were most vociferous com­ tures, and thus further increases may be were the subjects of discrimination-bound plaining about company attitudes that they to their jobs as porters, often doing the work were "part of the equipment and not men." necessitated. of conductors but not getting the promotions "We were told to stay with the assigned car, I am not saying that the Postal Service or the pay due them. no matter what happened," said Rickie, 71, is not attempting to reduce costs on its Pullman cars are rare since the company who served the road for 26 years. own. Postmaster General Benjamin ceased operation in 1969----6 casualty of Sometimes disabled Pullman cars would Bailar has taken considerable cost cut­ changing transportation patterns. be separated from the train on Wyoming ting measures to establish internal labor­ But retired Pullman car porters persuaded prairies, said Hal Leftwich, where the winter saving ideas but these have been shown the court that in the hundred years or so of temperature would be "30 to 40 below zero" to 1be insufficient to meet the Service's Pullman service the job of porter was set and the car would be without heat. aside for black men. And the men hired as "You would just have to sit tight and wait needs. Now they are turning to service porters were locked into that narrow role for a repair crew," he said. cutbacks in order to save money. as a segregated job classification. Even And then there were the indignities asso­ One area that they have already made though they often did the job of conductors, ciated with race prejudice. In some South­ cutbacks is in rural mail delivery, by the they were paid less and worked harder, they ern states, porters-in-charge would be re­ closings of rural post offices. This I be­ testified. quired to stand under a tree to walt for their lieve has put unfair hardships on those The Federal court ruled in their favor, and tickets to be collected by train authorities who would use these post offices, who sometime in the next few months it will de­ because they were not allowed to enter the now have to travel much further to get termine the fill9.ncial liabillty of Pullman train stations. toward more than 2,000 porters. In one Oklahoma town, the porters were proper post office services. Also, the Pos­ Martin J. Rock, general counsel of Pull­ forbidden to enter the community even to tal Service recently instituted reductions man, which is in the process of liquidation, eat--and grocery stores would not sell them in mail delivery service to businesses in said by telephone from his Chicago office : food. Sometimes, out of desperation, they several eastern cities. Future plans in­ "With this mess, we'll probably have to were forced to dash off the train in the mid­ clude cutting from 6 days to 5 during wait before concluding the liquidation-un­ dle of the night during a brief stop to pick which deliveries will be made generally, til the appeal process is exhausted." up food, Ritchie said. eliminating Saturday deliveries. The remaining "shell" of the Pullman Even more galling, they said, were some Such drastic reductions in services company has only two full-time employes, of the indignities fostered by the company. "and some desks and typewriters," Rock said. For instance, black men, even if there were have caused considerable dissatisfaction "The company also had, as of the last re­ available berths, were forbidden to sleep on with the Postal Service both here in port period, about $8 million from sale of a berth above a white woman, they said. Congress and among the general public. other assets," he continued. The porters were often forced to bathe Congressional concern has centered A group of Pullman porters, all but one under a makeshift shower that was a bag mainly on the Service cuts and the fact of them retired, talked to a reporter the of soapy water. "Sometimes we'd be out there that the independent Postal Rate Com­ other day about their experiences. They on the road one to three months before we mission does not seem to be functioning sounded at first as if they had just stepped got a decent bath, said Johnson, 64, who in the manner in which it was intended. off that "spaceship" referred to by their worked for the company for 31 years. lawyer. Dating from 1926, porters had their pay­ Public concern was demonstrated in Joining in the interview were Hunter B. checks docked for any missing linen, even if a recent New York Daily News opinion Johnson, Hal E. Leftwich, Leroy Graham, a passenger took it or even if an unfriendly poll in which twice as many of the re­ Leroy C. Richie, J.D. Shaw and George Wil­ conductor merely said it was missing. spondents favored reestablishment of liams, Washington-area men who have been They criticized their union, the Brother­ the Post Office Department as an agency porters for up to 35 years, and their lawyers, hood of Sleeping Car Porters, for being in­ of the Federal Government as opposed it. Leftwich and Ronald C. Jassamy. effective in redressing many of their griev­ There is no reason to doubt that similar In the 1930s, when many of the men were ances. "But at least the union made it pos­ sentiment does not exist in other parts hired by Pullman to be porters, their jobs sible for us to confront our accusers, and it were a substantial share of the employment established a grievance procedure," said Hal of the country as well. possib111ties for black people, they said. Leftwich. One factor that must be considered There was a note of pride in the fact that The employment of porters reached its is what affect those service cuts are hav­ an applicant had to have an "unblemished" high-water mark in the mid-1940s, the men ing on the job situation. A cut in services record to be hired by Puilman. The applicant said, when about 15,000 were in the force. would almost surely result in a reduc­ also had to have recommendations from "two "It was in 1959 that we first noticed that the tion in personnel, increasing further our EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 25, 1976 unemployment rate. With our economy based both on the need to maintain im­ This tragic pollcy will create subversion portant U.S. security interests in the where there was none. It will defeat Ameri­ in the state that it is, such a move is at can efforts to divest ourselves of the moral best questionable. region and on the desire to preserve a taint tha.t comes from our support of unnec­ I am not of the opinion that returning government that is clearly preferable to essarily repressive .regimes. And itt raises the Postal Service to the Federal Gov­ the repressive regime in the North. As the specter of the U.S. again being drawn into ernment would be the panacea for the the Koreas' internal politics become less a costly war en the Asian mainland in de­ many problems facing our beleagured and less distinguishable, the need to keep fense of a corrupt, unpopular secret-pollee; Postal Service. Clearly however, by plac­ American troops in the South becomes military dictatorship. ing the Postal Service back within the less and less apparent. It is time for our political leaders in the executive branch and in Congress and for jurisdiction of the executive, Congress Edwin 0. Reischauer and Jerome Alan candidates in the Presidential primaries can better monitor the activities of the Cohen, two distinguished professors at vigorously to express their disapproval of Service and offer suggestions in the form Harvard and experts on Asia, wrote . a policies that narrow the distinctions be­ of legislation as to how it might be im­ letter that was printed in the March 19, tween South Korea and its repressive coun­ proved. In short, the oversight capabili­ 1976, New York Times to protest Presi­ terpart in North Korea and to point out ties of the Congress would be increased. dent Park's activities. They listed a series the extent to which Park's actions dimln1sh I believe that it is time for us to realize of actions designed to enhance Park's the American willingness to support South Korea. [Editorial March 12.] that we made a mistake in 1970 and cor­ dictatorial rule: rect that mistake before irreparable JEROME ALAN CoHEN. He ·has crippled the opposition political EDWIN 0. REISCHAUER. damage is done. If, to paraphrase the parties, punished the exercise of free speech, CAMBRIDGE, MASS., March 11, 1976. Postal Service, the mail moves the coun­ prevented free association, censored the try, then the country will move that media, curbed the courts, subdued the uni­ [From the Washington Post, Mar. 19, 1976] much faster with the adoption of my bill. versities, restricted religious groups, con­ trolled labor movements and generally SoUTH KOREA'S MOST DANGEROUS MAN created an atmosphere of fear and intimi­ A dangerous man is on the loose in South dation. Korea, one who threatens to provoke inter­ nal upheaval and to cost his country the REPRESSION IN SOUTH KOREA Reischauer and Cohen concluded the support of its leading foreign ally. Indeed, following on Park's actions: given the ruthless centralization of power This tragic policy will create subversion in Seoul, this man is in a position to do HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ where there was none. It will defeat Ameri­ more damage to Korea's stability and secu­ OF NEW YORK can efforts to divest ourselves of the moral rity than any other figure. He often makes the monomanic who runs North Korea, Kim IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taint that comes from our support of un­ necessarily repressive regimes. And it raises II Sung, look like an ineffectual ward politi­ Thursday, March 25, 1976 the specter of the U.S. again being drawn into cian. He is, of course, South Korean Presi­ a costly war on the Asian mainland in defense dent Park Chung Hee. Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, I have been of a corrupt, unpopular secret-police/military President Park is as spoiled a despot as any extremely disturbed by recent events in dictatorship. ruler t<>t must be done. annual U.S. Grand Prix West: and locker clubs and tattoo parlors of the First, in light of the financial squeeze, Go FOR IT ALL ON GLORY RoAD Nu Pike, just athwart the Pine Avenue uphill productivity must be increased through are­ section of the course, where in the old days allocation of existing resources. Hiring more (By Robert F. Jones) police is not the answer-increasing trial American motor racing got its start on a sailor could get anything he wanted-from drunk to killed to an homage to Mom en­ capacity is the answer. real streets more than 70 years ago, but Violent repeat offenders must be made the somewhere along the winding way it lost that graved on his biceps-in no time flat. Old­ target. The criminal justice system should sense of actuality. From 1904 to 1921, crowds time racing cars roll past on parade, from not be burdened with victimless crimes. of as many as 250,000 car-crazy fans looked Bugattts to a. Talbot-La.go, and their drivers Parole should be abolished and punishment on in ecstasy as monstrous, 16-liter Locomo­ are celebrities of yesterday, the likes of Indy's should be tailored to fit the offense, not the biles and Panhards careened through down­ Pete DePaolo or Phil H111 (page 58). It's all offender. Judges should not be forced to pon­ town Queens and Philadelphia, Milwaukee there. behind the blur of speeding, sophisti­ der sentencing in felony verdicts--each crime and Santa Monica at speeds of more than cated cars and drivers hell-bent for glory. should have prescribed minimum and maxi­ 100 mph. You could sit in a saloon, sipping The easiest comparison, of course, is with mum sentences. nickel beer and wolfing pigs' feet from the Monaco-the only other Grand Prix race Courtroom delaying tactics must be cur- 8258 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 25, 1976 tailed and the courtrooms themselves put to funnel a quarter-million arrests into a sys­ H.R. 12749 more efficient use. The average supreme court t-em equipped to handle only a few thou­ justice sits only four-and-a-half hours a day. sand. Nearly 80% of all felony arrests are It costs $40 a day to detain a prisoner-it reduced to misdemeanor status--there's not HON. MATTHEW J. RINALDO would be cheaper to use that money to hire enough trial space. And feeding the system OF NEW JERSEY more prosecutors to move cases faster. is a model of inefficiency--every arrest re­ The judicial system should be removed quires an average of seven hours of police IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from the political arena-justices should not overtime, about $100 worth, not counting lost Thursday, March 25, 1976 be elected but appointed on the basis of manpower on the beat. merit--and it should no longer be used as a Once in court, the 20,000 felonies not re­ Mr. RINALDO. Mr. Speaker, yesterday "way station" en route to higher political duced to misdemeanor status undergo plea I introduced H.R. 12749, a bill which office. bargaining, and only 1,600 actually go to would allow licensing of citizen's band And finally, there must be added the miss­ trial. Those cases are heard by 117 perma­ radios at the point of sale. This bill is ing element--a coordinator-to make the nent and acting Supreme Court judges in the companion legislation to S. 3164, which criminal justice "system'' function as an in­ City-fewer than 14 trials per judge per year. was introduced in the Senate by Mr. tegrated unit, with each element acting in The average trial i,s another model of ineffi­ concert with the others. ciency--delayed at least twelve times at an EAGLETON on March 17. We said it was a tall order. But until the average of 10 days per delay, thanks in the The phenomenal growth of public in­ violent criminal knows his acts face swift main to your friendly neighborhood defense terest in CB radio has created a pressing and certain judgment--until society is pre­ attorney. And for two very practical reasons: need for this legislation. Under the pres­ pared to say, "Hello, defendant. Come on ln. first, delays help the defense-witnesses tire ent system, which requires licenses to be The courtroom is ready and waiting for and disappear, or their memories become granted by the FCC, delays of 6 or even you !"-until that day, violence and fear will faulty--delays lead to dismissals; and sec­ continue to breed upon a fertile field of 9 months plague the hapless applicants ond, there is the money motive--defense at­ for CB licenses. Such lengthy delays are scorn. torneys like to be paid for their work, and n cases tend not to be concluded until payment not the fault of the FCC, which is being WCBS recently concluded a six-week-long is made. swamped with as many as 500,000 CB series of investigative reports on the criminal It boils down to this--New York City has applications per month; instead, the de­ justice system in New York. The findings an unlimited capacity for violent crime with lays are the result of a system which is were frightening-foremost, the fact that an extremely limited capabllity of dealing entirely too cumbersome for the demands the criminal justice system is NOT a system with it. In the words of Bronx District At­ which are being placed upon it. but a conglomeration of disparate elements: torney Mario Merola: "The criminal justice With the FCC anticipating that 5 mil­ police, courts, corrections, defenders and 'syst-em' is really overburdened. And it's lion Americans will apply for CB licenses prosecutors, probation and parole. reaching the point where it's about to col­ The "non-system" costs the taxpayers lapse." in 1976, it is clear that the present system nearly a billion-and-a-half dollars a year to rv needs to be greatly streamlined. remove from the streets-and put behind How many times have you heard this H.R. 12749 would accomplish this bars, however temporarily-about six-thou­ exasperation: "Damn kids get away with "streamlining" by authorizing the FCC sand adult and juvenile violent offenders. murder!"? Well, it's no understatement when to permit CB licensing at the point of WCBS Reporter Jerry Nachman discovered it comes to our syst-em of juvenile criminal sale. Licenses would be furnished to CB it's like trying to force a mountain through justice. dealers, with each license listing a call a sieve-more than a half-million violent Take th-e case of Rodney L., 15 and in the letter for the individual CB radio trans­ crimes resulting in one-hundred-thousand market for a new bike last summer. His arrests resulting in sixteen-hundred trials. mitter. The FCC would continue to set mother wouldn't give him the money, so he the licensing requirements and licensing That's about the number of murders com­ took his business to Central Park where he mitted in a year, nev-er mind the far more implanted a golf iron in a girl's skull and fees; it would still record each license numerous crimes of rape, robbery, felonious rode off on a brand new 10-speeder for free. which was issued; it would still retain the assault, burglary and grand larceny. Nored The girl died. And by the time Rodney L. right to deny licenses to unqualified Nachman: "Dangerous criminals are walking emerged from the juvenile justice system, his applicants. a way because the system cannot or will not punishment consisted of 18 months 1n an In short, the FCC would lose none of put them on trial." unlocked minimum security facility in the its authority as a result of this bill. The For the select few criminals who do go to Bronx, with weekends and holidays at home, FCC would, however, be relieved of an trial and thence to prison, the emphasis is on and the possibillty-however remote-of be­ rehabilitation despite conclusive evidence administrative responsibility which has ing back on the streets this summer. now become burdensome: the responsi­ that prisons fail to rehabilltate or to deter The juvenile justice syst-em operat-es more repetition of criminal activity-that reha­ earnestly than the adult syst-em-it does, bility of processing 500,000 CB applica­ bilitation programs tend to be used by pris­ after all, have the responslb111ty of trying tions per month. The processing re­ oners solely as a means to get out of prison. to save the troublesome child from an adult sponsibility would instead be diffused "We should not grant parole," report-er Nach­ life of crime-but like the adult syst-em, It among the thousands of American CB man was told, "we should grant Oscars and fails to protect the public. Juvenile justice dealers-without any dilution of the Emmys"-ln reference to prisoner perform­ operates in a world of euphemisms--one does FCC's right to revoke improperly issued ance before parole boards. Concluded Nach­ not "prosecute," one "pursues a petltlon"­ man, "We are simply recycllng criminals, licenses. one is not judged "guilty", instead a "finding Anyone who has ever applied for a returning them to the streets where-statis­ is made." Juvenile "offenders" are neither tics say-they'll simply repeat their offenses." mugged nor fingerprinted. Arrest records are fishing license knows that "point of sale The result of this crlmlnal justice "non­ not circulat-ed between the boroughs and are licensing" is a workable concept. Given system" is a city bathing in fear-its social wiped clean at age 16. Family court proceed­ the present backlog of CB applications, sewers tiny to the task, clogged and spilling ings are closed to the public. Intake officers the only alternative to "point of sale the overflow freely back into the streets. A have the right to "adjust"-that is, "dis­ licensing" may be the creation of an further look tomorrow. miss"-all cases at intake. In fact, 60% of entire class of Americans-5 million Who says crlminals are dumb? The chances all juvenile cases are "adjust-ed at intake." are better finding the Mets and Yankees 1n strong by the end of 1976-whose respect Of the 26,000 arrests last year, fewer than for governmental effectiveness has the World Series this fall than finding the 2% were sent away, and then for an average average criminal behind bars for some felony of six to eight months. reached a new low. he commits. Consider the odds--commit a Juveniles are responsible for nearly half Let me add, however, that this bill crime, and the odds are 180 to 1 against of all serious crime, and there is growing would do more than simply avoid the your going to prison. The odds are even, pressure to treat juvenile offenders like negative effects of the present "back­ that your crime will never be reported to the criminals--to base sentences on the seri- logged" system. This bill would also police. If it is reported, the odds are 5 to 1 achieve the positive result of increasing against your. being caught. If you are ar­ ousness of the crime, not the age of the rested, the odds are 18 to 1 against your go­ criminal or the needs of the criminal. the use of CB radio transmitters. ing to prison-3 to 1 against even 1f con­ Governor Carey has called for "a man­ The benefits of CB use far outweigh the victed by a jury of your peers. Jimmy the datory one-year sentence for any juvenile disadvantages. For one thing, CB radios Greek couldn't do better. found guilty of enumerated violent crimes appear to create a "CB community" It's the non-system of crlmlnal non-jus­ and judged dangerous to society . . ." as a whose members use their CB channels to tice in action. 85% of the billion-and-a-half part of his pledge "to begin an overhaul of overcome the impersonality of modem dollars we spend on it each year goes for our syst-em for crlmlnal justice." A look at industrial society. Of more tangible im­ police protection. The cops work hard and what else he must consider tomorrow. portance is the role which "CB'ers" can March 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8259 play in reducing crime and reporting licenses to operate citizen's band ratiio decided, not on its merits, but on the accidents. transmitters basis of intramural House Democratic As Mr. EAGLETON has noted, the Mis­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House politics-the fierce struggle for leader­ SOUri Highway Patrol has discovered how of Representa-tives of the United States of ship posts in the next Congress. It is now America in Congress assembled, That section valuable the assistance of "CB'ers" can 309 of the Communications Act of 1934 iS clear that these so-called Democratic be. Five months ago, Col. S. S. Smith, amended by inserting at the end thereof the leaders are still living in the 19th cen­ who heads the Missouri Highway Patrol, following: tury. We are practically the last House ordered CB radios installed in all 700 of " ( i) ( 1) In order to expedite the licensing in America without television. the patrol cars under his command. of operators of citizen's band radio trans­ The American people must ask why Colonel Smith further ordered that mitters the Commission may- the Democratic leaders in this Congress highway patrol cars were to keep one CB " (A) authorize any retail dealer selling are apparently afraid of their own image channel open for any private citizen who such transmitters to issue, on a conditional and what it is they are trying to hide. I basis subject to denial pursuant to clause wished to contact the patrol. (c) , such a license furnished by the CommiS­ think it is disgraceful in this Bicen­ Colonel Smith now reports that--after sion complete with call number, upon appli­ tennial Year of American democracy only 5 months-CB notifications to the cation completed by the applicant on forms that there are still those who would close patrol have resulted in the arrest of 671 furnished by the Commission and mailed by the House shutters to the electronic drunken drivers. CB reports to the patrol regiStered mail to the Commission by such media on which the American people rely have also enabled the highway enforce­ dealer; for most of their information about gov­ ment agency to stop 61 people who were "(B) authorize such dealer to collect (i} ernment. It is especially shameful that and transmit to the Commission the Com­ the people's representatives would not driving the wrong way on a dual high­ miSsion's fee for such license, and (ii) a rea­ way. sonable amount, determined by the CommiS­ even have a chance now to vote on this In addition, Colonel Smith reports that sion, as a compensation for such dealer's broadcast proposal. 20 percent of the accidents to which the costs in supplying services authorized in this Mr. Speaker, the reasons given for patrol responded were reported by subsection; sending this resolution back to subcom­ "CB'ers." Colonel Smith also found that "(C) at any time within the one-hundred­ mittee were flimsy at best. One faction CB reporting of accidents allowed the and-eighty-day period following the date of wanted the subcommittee to re-report a the mailing of such application, deny, by multiple-choice resolution, giving the patrol to trim its response time by an notice only mailed to such applicant, the average of 40 percent. iSsuance of such license upon determining House three different options for provid­ I feel confident that other States will that such applicant is not qualified for such ing broadcast coverage: a network pool soon be following the lead of Missouri­ license. arrangement, an in-house broadcast sys­ particularly if expanded CB use is en­ "(2) The Commission shall include in ap­ tem, or covered by the Public Broadcast­ couraged by the enactment of "point of propriate places in applications and licenses ing System. Never mind that the resolu­ sale licensing'' legislation. pursuant to this subsection- tion already reported by the subcommit­ I am also convinced that law enforce­ " (A) requirements with respect to eligibil­ tee mentions no specific arrangement. ity for such a license; We had already taken all references to ment agencies have only begun to explore "(B) requirements with respect to radio the potential of CB as a crime-reporting usage pursuant tc such a license; the network pool which we favored out network. What "CB'ers" have done to "(C) a specific statement that all licensees of the resolution, at the specific request reduce and report accidents in Missouri will be expected to comply with such require­ of the Speaker. Never mind that the sub­ can be the basis for a national effort to ments which each applicant must agree to by committee report, as well as a report by reduce the threat of crime. signature; and the Joint Committee on Congressional I am, of course, looking into the fu­ "(D) the penalties provided for violating Operations in the last Congress, already such requirements. contain a thorough discussion of the al­ ture when I say this. The first step to­ "(3) The Commission 1s authorized to ward a nationwide crime-reporting net­ promulgate such regulations as are necessary ternative options available. Never mind work is "point of sale licensing" of CB to carry out the provisions of thiS subsec­ that the Rules Committee could have radios. tion.". marked up the resolution yesterday to I am aware, however, that CB radios specify an alternative arrangement for can cause sporadic interference with providing coverage, or that an amend­ home entertainment equipment--such as DEMOCRAT DE-QUARTERING ACT ment could have been offered on the television setS and even stereophonic LOCKS PEOPLE OUT OF HOUSE House floor under the open rule we re­ phonographs. For this reason, I urge my quested. No; for the first time to my colleagues to join me in cosponsoring memory, a subcommittee of this Con­ H.R. 7052, a bill which has been intro­ HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON gress was being asked not to make a duced by Mr. VANIK. OF n.LINOIS recommendation-to be completely neu­ H.R. 7052 would authorize the FCC to tral-and to somehow devise a multiple require manufacturers of home enter­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES choice resolution in which Members tainment equipment to install ''filters." Thursday, March 25, 1976 could check their preferred box. These filters would fully protect the users Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. Mr. Speaker, the other reason for re­ of home entertainment equipment from Speaker, 211 years ago yesterday, the committing this resolution to subcom­ CB interference. Thus, this bill would al­ British Parliament passed the Quarter­ mittee was that the language did not low Congress to avoid a serious "conflict ing Act which required the American guarantee that any use of the coverage of rights" situation; the bill would guard colonists to keep British troops in their by private broadcasters would be com­ the rights of "CBers" and non-"CBers" houses. Yesterday, the House Democratic pletely objective, balanced, impartial, alike. leadership, through the Rules Commit­ fair, undistorted, and so forth. Never According to Mr. VANIK, H.R. 7052 tee, voted to keep the American people mind that section 1 of the resolution, would add only 22 cents to the price of out of their own House, the U.S. House which deals with "Findings, Purpose, and a phonograph and only $5 to the cost of of Representatives. Intent," already states that-- a television set. This is a small price to By a 9-to-6 vote, the Rules Committee It 1s the purpose of this resolution to pro­ pay for a guarantee to television set recommitted House Resolution 875 to the vide a means, in conformity with acceptable owners that their sets will be insulated standards of dignity, propriety and decorum, Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Broadcasting. by which the proceedings of the House of from interference-plus a guarantee to That resolution would have provided for Representatives may be covered by television the "CBers" that the exercise of their the radio and television broadcast cover­ and radio broadcast-- own rights will not infringe upon the age of House floor proceedings. The {1) for the education, enlightenment, and rights of others. failure of the Rules Committee to report information of the general public, on the As for H.R. 12749, my own bill, I pre­ that resolution to the full House has basis of accurate and impartial news cover­ age, regarding the operations, procedures. sent it now for the consideration of my effectively killed broadcasting for this my and practices of the House as a legislative and colleagues : Congress, in opinion. The resolution representative body and regarding the meas­ H.R. 12749 suffered death by arm-twisting in the ures, public issues, and other matters before A bill to amend the Communications Act of Rules Committee, which is an arm of the the House, the consideration thereof, and 1934 in order to expedite the issuance of Democratic leadership. The issue was the action taken thereon . . . 8260 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 25, 1976 No, we are somehow expected to pro­ coverage was being promoted as gavel-to­ system for a full taped or filmed account of vide enforceable guarantees that any gavel, "But it won't be gavel-to-gavel. We'll each day's procedings, to go to the National broadcast use of the proceedings will not see what some person believes we ought to Archives. violate our own preconceived notions of see in two minutes on the news. That's out­ But when Representative B. F. Sisk, a Cali­ right censorship." fornia Democrat who is chairman of the what is and is not balanced coverage. In Rep. John Young (D-Tex.) worried that subcommittee, outlined the proposal to the effect, the subcommittee was asked to television would only cover one side of an Rules Committee, it encountered widespread make a tiny amendment to the first issue. He cited a committee hearing when criticism from Democrats as well as Re­ amendment of the Constitution. I would only the opponents of nuclear power were publicans. facetiously suggest that the following televised, not the advocates. "I'm concerned about one-sided · coverage," he shouted at LET'S TAKE A RUN AT IT constitutional amendment might satisfy the red light on the camera.. Mr. Sisk acknowledged that some members some: Rep. Trent Lott (R-Miss.) worried that feared that the cameras would record rep­ Congress shall make no law ... abridg­ quiet, soft-spoken members wouldn't get on resentative "pulling our ears or picking our ing the freedom of the press unless it is camera.. nose and we all recognize that isn't a pleasant necessary to insure more accurate press cov­ Latta noted that "less sexy" committees sight to behold." erage of the proceedings of the Congress, as like Agriculture rarely draw television cover­ But he said broadcast coverage was "a step determined by the Congress. age. whose time has come ... let's take a run at "People consider us a legislative body, not it--let's see." Seriously, Mr. Speaker, I do not think the greatest show on earth," he added. The committee took the unusual step ot any further amendments to our resolu­ Rep. Andrew Young (D-Ga.), a proponent permittiing one pool camera from the net­ tion would in any way dislodge the res­ of coverage, noted that cameras which cover works to record the afternoon portion of its olution from the Rules Committee, even Senate committee hearings don't "focus on discussion. But after some initial nervousness if we brought back a resolution engraved the empty chairs" even when one senator is making speeches while looking at the on stone by lightning from Mount Sinai. present. camera and some fumbling with the micro­ The real miracle that is needed to send Anderson said, "There are certain inher­ phones in front of them, the members of ent risks in a free society." He said the House the Rules Committee soon began disputing such a resolution to the House floor is does not try to censor what newspaper re­ among themselves as they do at regular the power of House and public opinion to porters write, and should not try to censor committee meetings when no camera is part the waves of the Democratic leader­ what the electronic media cover. present. ship that are now blocking its safe The Sisk proposal would have let the passage. Speaker contract with whomever he wanted [From the Washington Post, Mar. 24, 1976] Mr. Speaker, today I am joining with to televise the House, but it recommended HOUSE LEADERSHIP MAY DOOM LIVE the gentleman from Maine CMr. CoHEN) that the four networks-ABC, NBC, CBS, COVERAGE BY TELEVISION and PBS-do it on a pool basis. (By Mary Russell) in introducing a clean version of House Anderson charged that the proposal was Resolution 875 which differs from the defeated because of "arm-twisting" by the Strong opposition by Majority Leader subcommittee version only in the respect Democratic leadership, House Majority Thomas P. (Tip) O'Neill Jr. (D-Mass.) may that the broadcast coverage would begin Leader Thomas P. (Tip) O'Nelll had favored doom a proposal to open the House to live at the beginning of the next Congress. It having the subcommittee study that matter television coverage. The Rules Committee will still be necessary to pass such a res­ more. is to vote today on the resolution. O'Neill said he would favor letting the olution in this session if the necessary networks cover proceedings when there was contract and construction arrangements [From the New York Times, Mar. 24, 1976] some important measure on the floor, like a are to be completed in advance. At this A HOUSE PANEL, ON TV, REJECTS PLAN FOR Budget Committee resolution. But he added point in the RECQRD, I include several TELEVISION FROM FLOOR "I just don't feel there's enough news i~ news articles relating to the Rules Com­ (By Richard L. Madden) Congress to warrant letting the cameras mittee action. WASHINGTON, March 24.-The House Rules cover it eight hours a day." [From the Washington Post, Mar. 25, 1976] Committee, in a rare departure from estab­ He admitted concern about the cameras lished practice, allowed a television camera showing a member napping or an empty HousE PANEL REJECTS FLooR TV CoVERAGE floor. (By Mary Russell) to cover its proceedings today and then voted to shelve, and probably k111, a proposal per­ O'Neill said he would differentiate between The House Rules Committee, while being mitting television and radio coverage of floor television coverage and newspaper reporters, televised, rejected a. resolution yesterday to action of the House of Representatives. who are allowed to cover at all times, be­ permit fulltime television coverage of the By a vote of 9 to 6, the committee sent cause newspaper reporters "cover the issue. House floor. the matter back to its subcommittee, which They don't focus on somebody napping." With a network camera crew recording the has been struggling for the last nine months The original resolution by Rep. B. F. Sisk proceedings, the committee voted 9 to 6 to to devise an acceptable resolution that would (D-Calif.) would have had the four net­ send the proposal back to subcommittee, a allow broadcast coverage of the House floor works-ABC, CBS, NBC and PB8-pool the move Rep. John B. Anderson (R-Dl.) said proceedings in time for the nation's bicen­ gavel-to-gavel coverage under a renewable kills it "at least for this year." tennial celebration this summer. contract with the House. The House would In a. sometimes raucous session, members "It was simply a. polite way, if you want pay $300,000 a year for access to the coverage, voiced fears about being shown napping and to call it that, of killing it," Representative which the Library of Congress would store. fears of not being shown at all, fears about John A. Anderson, an illinois Republlcan But after Speaker Carl Albert (D-Okla.) boring the public and fears of becoming "the who is one of the prime sponsors of the res­ objected that he wanted to retain control greatest show on earth." olution, said after the committee action. over the operation, Sisk changed the lan­ While Anderson and subcommittee chair­ Mr. Anderson accused the House Demo­ guage so the Speaker would have the re­ man B. F. Sisk (D-Calif.) tried to allay those cratic leadership of not wanting broadcast sponsibility for implementing it and could fears, one thing became clear-there was no coverage of the Ho:use and of using "excessive contract with whomever he wanted. All ref­ reason to fear that Rules Committee mem­ arm-twisting" to klll the proposal. "And make erences to the network pool were deleted, bers were acting any differently with the no mistake about it, the Rules Committee is although the Sisk Rules subcommittee said cameras on than with the cameras off. an arm of the Democratic leadership," he in a supplemental report, "The network pool Rep. Ray Madden (D-Ind.) the 84-year-old said. arrangement is the best and least expensive chairman of the committee, has long been FOUR UNOBTRUSIVE CAMERAS option ava1lable." given to rambling monologues, mostly on the O'Nelll favored postponing action on the way things were back in his district. The proposal would have permitted four Sisk resolution, and having the subcommit­ Yesterday, in front of the camera, he was unobtrusive television cameras mounted in tee study the matter a little more. He sug­ no different. At one point he said, "Hang on the House galleries to record the floor pro­ gested members go to Florida where the state to your underwear here. I have an announce­ ceedings of the house. The system would have legislature is covered by television and find ment to make." been supervised by the speaker of the House out what arrangements were made and how Generally he worried about the effect back and a bipartisan committee. it works. home of showing an empty House floor. The subcommittee studying the matter suggested that the three national television Sisk refused to comment on O'Nelll's op­ He said members were often busy in their networks plus the Public Broadcasting Sys­ position, but he said, "This being an elec­ committees or taking care of constituents' tem install the equipment at a cost of about tion year, there are those who feel televising problems and only go to the floor to vote. the House offers an opportunity for distor­ $2 million. Local television and radio stations tion." "But people will think we're out fishing or around the country would have been per­ hunting or playing golf or something," he He would agree to delay making the tele­ mitted pick up portions, or all, of the pro­ vising effective until next January, Sisk said, fretted, and that could "endanger our ceedings for use on news broadcasts. chances of coming back to Washington." but would hope that work on the equipment Under this plan, the House would have and control room could begin in the mean­ Rep. Delbert Latta (R-Ohio) said the floor paid about $300,000 a year to this pooled time. March 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8261 Without taking on O'NeiU directly, he a gloomy despotism, has been a cause of un­ of their homeland by the Soviets, many said, "Any a.rttempt to dicta.te what is brood­ ceasing and deep regret to generous minds Bielarusian people emigrated and there cast could be inlterpreted by the pubUc as for ages past. . . . A strong hope is enter­ censorship." tained that these people will recover their are some 5 million of these enterprising Sisk called it a "total misunderstanding" independence, and resume their equal station and resourceful people and their descend­ that the networks would control the op­ among the nations of the earth. ants in our own Nation. They and other eration. He said under his revised version Bielarusian immigrants in the free world the Speaker plus a committee of majority I want here today, Mr. Speaker, to ex­ carry on the struggle for freedom, hu­ and minority leadership members would press my own deep pleasure and, I am man rights, and dignity of their people make the decisions. But if they decided to sure that of my colleagues in Congress and keep the peoples of the free world in­ set up a "control mechanism over what went of both parties, that the people of Greece formed of the plight of the people of out to the public," Sisk said he would op­ are again enjoying a government that is Bielarus. pose that. democratic. I rejoice that the military The Bielarusian Coordinating Com­ Rep. John B. Anderson (R-Ill.) a Rules dictatorship which for too many years Committee member supporting Sisk, has been mittee of Chicago, Til., is dedicated to the reluctant to talk a.bout the involvement of ruled the Greek people was 2 years ago restoration of human liberty in Bielarus the leadership. "Intramural politics on the replaced by a democratic government. and I commend its members and friends Democratic side" and the "Covert opposition For over 2,000 years, people of many for their outstanding efforts to awaken from O'Neill" is bottling up the resolution, lands, including Americans, have studied the consciousness of free peoples every­ Anderson said. "The Democratic leadership the philosophy of Socrates, Aristole, and where and to lighten the burden suffered realizes 1f it's going to be stopped, killing Plato and the writings of Sophocles, by the people of Bielarus. it in the committee is the best way of doing Euripides, and Aeschylus. it," Anderson has been quoted as saying. I am honored to join Americans of But I would note as well, Mr. Speaker, Bielarusian heritage in Chicago and all O'Neill said he would vote for the resolu­ that indispensable to the heritage of the tion if i-t got to the floor. He denied pressur­ over this Nation as they celebrate this ing Rules Committee members, but the Rules Hellenes is their religious faith. 58th anniversary of Bielarusian inde­ Committee is considered an arm of the lead­ In this regard I would like to quote pendence and I extend to them my ership, and his opposition could have a chill­ the words of His Eminence, Archbishop warmest best wishes as they continue to ing effeot. Iakavos, the distinguished head of the contribute mightily to the United States Greek Orthodox Church of North and and its ideals of freedom and human dig­ South America: nity. THE 155TH ANNIVERSARY OF National might, political power, financial A press release from the Bielarusian GREEK ~EPENDENCE stability, economic strength, industrial su­ Coordinating Committee of Chicago on periority, diplomatic excellence, if devoid of this year's Bielarusian Independence Day morality and of elementary ethics avall you observance follows: nothing, not even self-defense. For it is faith, HON. JOHN BRADEMAS not expediency; it is honesty, not diplomacy; BIELARUSIAN COORDINATING OF INDIANA moral and intellectual integrity, not clever­ COMMITTEE, OF CHICAGO, ILL., March 12, 1976. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ness and craftiness; and humility and self­ respect, not arrogance ... which should guide Sunday, March 28th, is set aside by Biela­ Thursday, March 25, 1976 us as a nation. rusian Americans of Chicago for the obser­ vance of the 58th Anniversary of the Declara­ Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, today So, Mr. Speaker, let me join my other tion of Independence of Bielarus (Byelo­ marks a significant day, a historic date, colleagues in Congress in extending my russia), and of the Bicentennial of America. for the people of Greece, for March 25, warmest good wishes to the people of Both events have a deep meaning and are 1976, is the 155th anniversary of the in­ of great importance for the Blelarusian Greece, our allies and friends and a peo­ Americans. dependence of the Greek people. ple who share with the people of America But, Mr. Speaker, Greek Independ­ The festivities will start in the morning a deep commitment to democratic gov­ with prayers to be offered at St. George's ence Day must be a significant day for ernment and human freedom. Byelorussian Orthodox Church, 1500 North all peoples everywhere who love human Maplewood Avenue, and at Christ the Re­ freedom and cherish democratic politi­ deemer Church, 3107 West Fullerton Avenue, cal institutions. both for the Bielarusian people in Soviet For we all know that the concept of Byelorussia and for America. Preceded by a democracy was spawned by the remark­ THE 58th ANNIVERSARY OF BIELAR­ cocktail hour, a banquet with commemora­ able leaders and thinkers of ancient USIAN ~EPENDENCE tive program, featuring speakers and enter­ tainment, is planned for 2:00 in the after­ Greece and we realize as well that their noon at the Regency Inn, 5310 West Diversey teachings inspired the Founding Fathers HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO Avenue. of our own country as well as of other The Bielarusian Americans are indeed democratic nations. OF ILLINOIS thoughtful and proud of the many blessingl': And we know as well, Mr. Speaker, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bestowed upon them and pray to the Al­ that it was on the 25th of March 1821, Thursday, March 25, 1976 mighty that "this nation under God" with that Greek patriots began a revolt freedoms and unlimited opportunities for against Ottoman Empire, which for Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, March all be spared from external calamities. centuries ruled the people of Greece with 25 is the 58th anniversary of the Declara­ There is indeed a striking difference be­ tion of the Independence of Bielarus. We tween our living in America and our kindred an oppressive and tyrannical hand. living in the Communist controlled and Rus­ Inspired, however, by the prospect of in the U.S. Congress have been elected by a free people and therefore we have an sian dominated Bielarus. Despite of the independence and supported by cham­ agreement signed in Helsinki by the Soviet pions of freedom in Europe and America, obligation to take this opportunity to Party Chief Leonid Brezhnev last year, Bie­ the people of Greece succeeded in break­ focus the world's attention on the con­ larusian people, along with other non-Rus­ ing the yoke of Ottoman domination. ditions under which the Bielarusian peo­ sian Soviet citizens, are being discriminated I would here recall, Mr. Speaker, that ple are forced to live and speak out most and denied the most basic human rights in the year 1821, our own Republic was energetically in behalf of their freedom. and freedoms. There are more people now The courageous people of Bielarus than before being denied exit visas by the young and, therefore, the cause of Greek central Soviet Government in Moscow after independence won the sympathies of are continuing their struggle to preserve their culture, traditions, and language, declaring their intentions to visit relatives many leaders of the United States. abroad, and more Americans are rejected en­ It was President James Monroe who in despite the terrible lasses sustained in try to visit their relatives in the Soviet 1822 wrote words that are on this day World War II and despite the continuing, Union. often quoted but nonetheless deserve and now official, Soviet policy of russi­ By observing the Bielarusian independence repetition: fication. Resistance in Bielarus to rus­ each year, Bielarusian Americans have aimed sification remains very strong, not only at keeping alive the just aspirations and The mention of Greece fills the mind with ideals of the Bielarusian people as set forth the most exalted sentiments, and arouses in among the older generation, but among the new young writers, powers, historians, in the declaration act of March 25, 1918. our bosoms the best feelings of which our It is hoped that the time will come when nature is susceptible. That such a country artists, and scientists. Moscow will be forced someday to give inde­ should have been overwhelmed, and so long -Because of the vicious cultural oppres­ pendence to Bielarus and other non-Russian hidden, as it were. from the world under sion, the occupation, and the domination republics of the Soviet Union. 8262 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 25, 1976 DEFICIT SPENDING AND dresses these problems, and I commend readily available to more sectors of the econ­ UNEMPLOYMENT it to my colleagues for their reading and omy today, but again this reflects the cycli­ cal slack in the economy and to the longer­ reflection: run secular force at work." He pointed out, BIGGER GOVERNMENT WON'T CURE "In the first quarter of 1975, about 3 per HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT UNEMPLOYMENT cent of all new bond issues were Baa-rated OF CALIFORNIA (By William F. Buckley, Jil".) or less. By the fourth quarter, it was almost IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As one focuses on the left-vote in the 10 per cent. More lesser-rated companies are Thursday, March 25, 1976 primaries, mercifully diminished over four able to finance today, but unfortunately a lot years ago, one strains to listen ... Wha-t of these bonds are of far shorter duration- Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, just exactly do they want? The war in Vietnam 5-7 year maturity as opposed to 20-30 year last week the Joint Economic Committee, is over; we lost it conclusively; and we are maturity which was the norm not long ago." on which I serve, concluded a 2-day Na­ retreating from any engagements with The graph is eloquent. In 1960, the federal tional Conference on Full Employment. Communist imperialism throughout the sector as a percentage of the total preempted world at a speed that should satisfy the most 18.6 per cent of total money available for At the conference, which was convened budget is nicely unbalanced, so there investment. In 1970, 36.2 per cent. Now. 72.2 on the 30th anniversary of the passage of shouldn't be much quarrel on that ·account. per cent. When they talk about government the Full Employment Act of 1946, dis­ The need for affirmative action, integrated emerging as the employer of last resort, cussants and panel members exchanged schooling, and the rest cf it hardly needs they talk, really, about continuing policies views over the nature and causes of un­ to be accelerated. As we recently saw. em­ that insure the attrition of the private sec­ employment in our country today' as well ployers in Wisconsin have been warned tor: with more and more unemployment, as possible future courses the Govern­ against asking the date of birth, sex, felony and more and more swollen government. ment should take to alleviate the prob­ record, ethnic background, working experi­ lem. While many diverging opinions and ence of applicam.ts, or educational back­ ground. You cannot beat that. points of view were heard, the bulk of So, as we listen to Stewa-rt Udall, and Fred the conversation over possible remedies Harris, et al, what is it that sifts through, if SOVIETS OUTPLAY CHINA to the plight of the jobless centered you throw away the plight of the great around the responsibility of the Federal grandchildren of Wounded Knee, the dan­ Government to assume a bigger roll in gers of nuclear energy, and the tax loophole HON. BOB WILSON on money invested in peanut butter sand­ providing jobs and meeting the needs of OF CALIFORNIA the unemployed. wiches ma-de in Norway? "The U.S. Government should be the Unemployment. The United States should IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be the employer of last resort. That phrase Thursday, March 25, 1976 employer of last resort," seemed to be goes down now, at the populist rallies, with­ the catch phrase at the conference, and out demurral. It is intensely unexamined. Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, un­ "more public service jobs and public "Of last resort" ought to mean-failing the der leave to extend my remarks in the works projects" was the popular solution success of employment by the private sec­ RECORD, I include the following: offered at the 2-day meeting to solve the tor. But the phrase is usually bandied about [From the San Diego Union, Mar. 16, 1976] unemployment dilemma. intending to make a moral-economic point, While the "big government" solution namely that the private sector cannot em­ AFRICAN STRATEGY-8oVIETS OUTPLAY ploy everyone in America who wants a job. CHINA to unemployment is often bandied about The sum meaning of that analysis, so be­ The victory of Soviet-backed Marxist forces among politicians these days as an easily loved of George Meany and his epigone, is in Angola was a reverse, not only for the digested panacea to high unemployment not very different from saying: Having am­ United States but also for China. Peking as­ figures, it sadly neglects the real cause ot" puta-ted the hands of every member of the sisted all three Angolan revolutionary fac­ the indigestion-deficit spending. Chicago Symphony Orchestra, I say t'hat un­ tions before and after Angola gained inde­ In a well-worded, incisive editorial on less they play for us I shall Usten only to pendence, but recently has found the win­ the subject, columnist William F. Buck­ phonograph records." ning Popular Movement for the Liberation ley exposes the folly of the "big govern­ Nobody ever listens to Secretary of the of Angola drawn away from Chinese influ­ Treasury WillLam Simon, and there is everry ence by Russian armaments, money and ment" solutions to the recession-unem­ reason why this is so. He is obstinately cor­ Cuban troops that China could not match. ployment problems of the Nation, and ex­ rect in almost every matter, and he is simply What has happened in Angola is indicative plains that it is actually Government unatt~acted by the political noises with of the situation in other parts of Africa largesse and deficit spending that is the which one is required to festoon all public where China and Russia maneuver for posi­ cause, rather than the answer to our staJtements in order to a-ttract attention to tion. In the words of the Confederate gen­ economic difficulties. them. eral, Nathan Bedford Forrest, the side that During this fiscal year, Buckley points Recently he reported to the Joint Eco­ wins is one that "gets there fustest with the out with U.S. Treasury Department fig­ nomic Committee of Congress that financ­ motest," and when the crunch comes the ing prospects for those oompanies with less Russians have been able to fulfill the Forrest ures, the Government of the United tha.n top credit raltings would remain poor, formula. With their geographical proximity, States will absorb 72 percent of all the natwith.SJtan.ding the genern.J. economic re­ their superior financial resources, their enor­ funds available in the securities market covery. Why? Because of the oontiued gov­ mous stockpiles of military equipment, their for borrowing-mostly for purposes of ernmenrt; deficit spending. big navy, their fleets of cargo ships and financing operating deficits. Total Gov­ Simon informed the committee that total transport planes and their ability to rush in ernment borrowing will soak up about 82 government borrowings during this fiscal combatants such as Cuban troops, the So­ percent. He goes on to correctly observe year, including state and local government viets can give the kind of assistance that has that there is no way under the Sun to borrowing, will absorb 82 per cent of all the greater weight with many African leaders funds available in the securities market. Of than the less immediate sort the Chinese provide meaningful, long-term jobs for this figure, federal borrowing alone would provide. the unemployed without having the cap­ absorb 72 per cent of the funds; up from a The total of Soviet aid in Africa has ac­ ital with which to do it. But with the figure of 57 per cent as recently as a year tually not been massive. In sub-Sahara Africa Government cornering over four-fifths ago. it is estimated the Russians have expended of the capital market, where in the world This is a datum of startling significance. assistance worth only $788 million since is the private sector going to go to get the There is no way to provide jobs without 1959 (not counting the recent upsurge of money? The answer is that they cannot providing capital with which to create jobs. aid to Angola) compared with $1.8 billion go anyWhere, and as a result the public But 82 per cent of all savings allocated to given Black Africa by China. But Soviet as­ capital growth is borrowed by governments­ sistance has been effectively selective, both as cries to the Government to dry their mostly to pay operating deficits. The result to timing and destination, and has thus tears and find them jobs. is that the enterpreneur seeking to expand achieved maximum impact. The private sector can answer today's his plant capacity, or to begin a new business, Angola is only one example of this strategy. complicated economic problems and goes to the market for capital-and finds that Russia recently kept Idi Amin of Uganda in create the jobs that are needed for there is nothing there. What is he then sup­ a cooperative mood with quickly-delivered America's 7 million jobless, but not posed to do, to carry out his traditional military and financial aid. Moscow consoli­ while the Federal Government is med­ function of bringing about capital growth? dated its position in Somalia during the dling in their affairs and oonfiscating Moreover, Simon predicted that the com­ 1974 drought with $600 million in funds and petition for the small share left over of the a fast, efficient airlift of 120,000 starving their capital lifeblood. · capital market would have a particularly nomads from the parched interior to camps The column by William F. Buckley, sharp impact on interest rates and credit near the coast where they were trained by which appeared in the March 24 edition availability once the economic recovery is Soviet experts to be farmers and fishermen. of the Washington Star effectively ad- in .full swing later this year. "Funds are more Military base fac111tles resulted from this as- March 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8263

sistance, and Angola may give a similar ac­ SALT I issue, I am placing his article in which is highly sensitive to cheating. One commodation. the RECORD at this point and recommend unfortunate effect of the legalistic turn to China's penetration is nevertheless wide­ it to the full and careful reading of my the debate is that we lose perspective: Only spread though generally more low key than the most alarmist observers can regard any Russia's. Both powers seek to spread their colleagues: of the allegations of Soviet cheating, even brands of communism, but the Chinese tend LEARNING FROM ExPERIENCE: VERIFICATION if wholly true, as materially affecting the as­ to be more ideological and political and less GUIDELINES FOR SALT II sumptions about the strategic balance under­ mllitary than the Russians. The Soviets (By Walter Slocombe) lying the 1972 SALT I agreements. The un­ angle their activities toward promoting their The controversy over Soviet compliance fortunate fact of the Soviet attitude toward global power. with the terms of the 1972 Strategic Arms compliance, on which renewed attention has The one spectacular Chinese project has Limitation Talks (Salt I) agreement con­ been focused by the latest episodes, means been the construction of the thousand-mile tinues unabated. From that dispute have that we cannot risk an agreement in which railway through Tanzania and Zambia to the emerged some guidelines for the develop­ real dangers to our security Inight follow sea at Dar-es-Salaam. On this venture the ment-and the debate--of any new agree­ from significant violations. Chinese have spent about a third of their en­ ment. (2) Any agreement must be seen to be tire total of African aid but do not appear The growing catalog of allegations of So­ verifiable. Especially in a climate sensitized to have gained any great advantages. Else­ viet actions inconsistent with the terms or to the verification of issues, an important where China has supported many smaller spirit of the SALT I agreements covers a wide criterion of political viability of an arms projects that capitalize on Chinese expertise range. At the one extreme is the almost ab­ control agreement in the United States is derived from their own experience as a de­ surdly comic :flap in which an explosion near not only that it can be verified but that the veloping country. a Soviet natural gas pipeline was denounced milltary and intelligence communities also to At the moment the Russians seem to have in the periodical Aviation Week & Space share that belief, and are willing say so. the edge and stand to incerase their ad­ Technology as a laser attack on a U.S. sensor (3) An agreement, once operational, must vantage through the inside track they have satellite. At the other extreme are the tests also be "seen" to be verifiable in the literal attained by their support of guerrillas around of Soviet anti-aircraft missiles and radars sense. The process of checking compliance Rhodesia's northern frontiers that are in­ that apparently ceased only after strong U.S. must take place in a sufficiently public way tent on dislodging the white-dominaed Rho­ representations concerning the prohibitions as to generate the confidence of the Ameri­ desian government. And South Africa seems against testing such weapons "in an ABM can people. To have information about al­ an eventual objective. mode." leged violations dribbled out by critics of the Over the years both powers have blun­ In between-and the focus of much of the agreement is the worst possible way to main­ dered in Africa and damaged their influ­ controversy-is a series of Soviet actions tain public confidence in an agreement in ence in some countries. This could hap­ consistent with a strict reading of the 1972 the face of concern about possible Soviet pen again. Deep-seated African desires not to SALT I agreements, but inconsistent with cheating. Here, as in so many other areas, be dominated by either power also works the U.S. interpretation of those agreements secrecy has corrosive side effects. And it ls against them. Their activities are a disruptive expressed at that time. These include the an inadequate answer to say that the U.S.S.R. force, upsetting to the hopes of the U.S. and construction of an ABM radar at a test range prefers to deal with these issues in private. its allies for stable, friendly African nations other than the one the U.S. identified in 1972 One Soviet countercharge of American SALT evolving without bloodshed into a settle­ as the sole existing Soviet test range and violations is that information about alleged ment of their internal and external problems. the deployment of the S8-19 missile which Soviet cheating, and about Soviet responses has a volume about 40-50 per cent larger to U.S. questions, became public. While there than a "light" missile as defined by the U.S. is certainly a place for confidential ex­ in a unilateral statement. changes, it must be made clear to the U.S.S.R. LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE: This is not the occasion to review the in the course of the negotiations that to merits of all the allegations or the Soviet maintain public support for the SALT proc­ VERIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR responses to those the Administration has ess the United States government will have SALT II raised as issues of compUance. Nonetheless, to make full and complete public reports on and subject to many qualifications, it is ap­ compliance, on the details of actions which propriate to conclude that the U.S.S.R. has are alleged to violate the agreement, and on HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI pressed the 1972 SALT I agreements to the the details of Soviet assurances that there OF WISCONSIN limit of legalistic interpretation. That was is no violation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES only to be expected. What is surprising is 4) Deliberate ambiguity buttressed by uni­ that the Adininistration has put itself in a lateral assertion can be a highly useful ne­ Thursday, March 25, 1976 position of accepting Soviet actions which gotiating device and should not be rejected Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, we all can be squared with those agreements only entirely in the SALT context. There are some know of the controversy which has by abandonment of the assurances it gave key subjects on which the parties will not to the Congress and the American people-­ swirled around reports of alleged Soviet be able to agree explicitly, but which can and thereby clearly signalled to the U.S.S.R. usefully be handled by a tacit understanding violations of SALT I. In some respects as its view-when the agreements were under or even by a clearly asserted "unaccepted" the debate surrounding these charges consideration. This unsatisfactory experience unilateral interpretation. However, in con­ might be seen as productive if for no with "ul)ilateral statements" has lead to de­ trast to the apparent practice in 1972, any other reason than that they have gener­ mands that any new SALT agreement be such unilateral statements of interpretations ated wider congressional and public free of ambiguity, provide against all loop­ should be identified clearly to the Soviet ne­ awareness of various important issues. holes, and be one in which the United States gotiators as propositions that the United does not interpret any provision as any more On balance, however, there is no dis­ States will treat as equivalent to agreed pro­ restrictive than the U.S.S.R. has explicitly visions and not be post hoc rationalizations puting the highly potential detrimental agreed it to be. effect which these charges have had on for Congress. These supposed lessons of the current com­ 5) Contractual tightness and clarity of ex­ the emerging SALT II agreement. If pliance flap will have some impact on the pression are not the prime factors that en­ nothing else, the compliance :flap has negotiations, because they can hardly be force international agreements. Although it provided us with some important lessons entirely ignored by either side. To the extent xnay be easy enough to find pretexts for de­ by which we can more intelligently eva!.. that a tighter, clearer agreement results, nouncing an international treaty for non­ the benefit is clear. However, whatever the performance by another party once the treaty uate a SALT II pact if and when it is substantive and verification terms of a new reached. SALT pact, the shadow of the SALT I com­ is no longer felt to be advantageous, it is To that end, I was pleased to read in pliance controversy will clearly affect the never easy to "call" a violation of an agree­ the February 1976 newsletter of the Arms ensuing debate in the United States. In­ ment that is still regarded as useful and viable in general. Indeed, it may be ques­ Control Association an article by Walter deed, discussion of verification xnay dominate the new debate, especially if the agreement tioned whether the reaction of the United Slocombe. Mr. Slocombe, a Washington States to most of the alleged Soviet violations attorney and former member of the Na­ comes before the Congress in the midst of an election year, and at a time when detente would have been much easier to decide upon tional Security Council staff, suggests five and "trusting" the U.S.S.R. have again be­ had they explicitly been either permitted or general guidelines which can be derived come politically and publicly disreputable. ·forbidden in the agreement. Ultimately, the from the SALT I compliance debate It therefore seems useful to suggest sev­ only sanction against violations is the will­ which would serve us all well in consid­ eral general propositions-beyond the some­ ingness to renounce a hard-won and still ering potential verification and com­ what utopian call for comprehensive and useful agreement or exact costs in other pliance issues under a new SALT agree­ unambigious treaties-which can be derived aspects of the Soviet-U.S. relationship. If ment. from the debate and which may serve as we expect agreements to be observed, how­ guidelines in considering potential vertfica­ ever, we must be prepared to run such risks­ Because Mr. Slocombe's suggested tion and compliance issues under a new SALT and we must make it clear that we will do so. guidelines can help to prevent in the agreement. Verification has been the bugaboo of arms future the kind of murky and sometimes (1) No agreement is acceptable on stra­ control for a long time. The debate on the misdirected debate surrounding the tegic-and still less on political-grounds 1972 SALT agreements was focused to a re- 8264 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 25, 1976 markable degree not on potential cheating That we demand immediate release o! all sidered a national holiday. He regretted the but on the .actual substance of the agree­ Lithuanians who are imprisoned for political decision but assured the American people ment. Proponents of arms control will have and religious reasons and who for years are that they would still receive the best service no such luck this time. Verification and the lingering in various Soviet jails and concen­ of any postal system in the world, and he potential for violations will be major issues. tration camps or kept in psychiatric wards; assured everyone that with only a few ex­ A "soft" approach to them is no way to ad­ That in expressing our gratitude to the ceptions no one would be inconvenienced by vance the long term prospects for arms con­ United States Government for its firm posi­ it. trol-but neither is accepting the proposition tion of non-recognition of the Soviet occupa­ At first people were angered by the news, that an agreement can be so clear that the tion and annexation of Lithuania, we request but pretty soon they accepted it as they have Soviets could advance no conceivable defense an activation of the non-recognition prin­ everything else the U.S. Postal Service has of a violation. ciple by stressing at every opportunity the done to them. denial of freedom and national independence In a few years Mail Day became as pop­ to Lithuania and the other Baltic countries; ular as Christmas and the excitement built LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE That the Soviet Union, in seeking a policy up as the day came near. of detente with the United States, shall be Little children were told that if they were requested to demonstrate its good faith and bad the mailman (he was pictured as a man HON. JAMES A. BURKE good will by restoring freedom and national in a blue uniform with a long white beard) OF MASSACHUSETTS independence to Lithuania and the other wouldn't bring them any "records of the Baltic States; month." Department stores hired men to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That we are deeply grateful to the Presi­ play the role of mailman and men and Thursday, March 25, 1976 dent of the United States, Gerald R. Ford, women and children would sit on his knee for his firm declaration on July 25, 1975, that and tell them what they wanted for Mail Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. the United States of America will not recog­ Day. Speaker, I am pleased to call to the at­ nize the incorporation of Lithuania into the People decorated their doors and windows tention of my colleagues a resolution Soviet Union; we are sincerely grateful to the with old birthday and get-well cards and put passed by the Brockton Lithuanian House of Representatives of the United States colored lights on their mailboxes. Council of Brockton, Mass., on February for passage of a new resolution expressing The hit record played for weeks before 22, 1976. This resolution, endorsed by a sense of the House relating to the status of Mall Day was Bing Crosby's rendition of "I'm the Baltic States, and we ask the President, Dreaming of a Sears Roebuck Catalog." There Americans of Lithuanian descent, com­ Senators and Congressmen Of the United· was a great spirit of goodwill associated with memorates Lithuanian Independence States for their support of the cause of free­ the holiday. Doormen and elevator operators Day. dom for the Lithuanian nation. and building superintendents became kinder I am grateful to the council and its That copies of this Resolution be for­ and more attentive. People greeted each chairman, Mr. Bronius Burba, for con­ warded to the President of the United States, other by saying "Have a Merry Mall Day." tinuing to remind us of the oppression to the Secretary of State, to the United Charity organizations raised funds on the of the Lithuanians. I shall not forget States Senators and Congressmen from our streets for poor people who had no one to these valiant people and their struggle State, and to the news media. share their mail with. BRONIUS BURBA, Fraternal groups got together and walked for freedom. Chairman. through the streets singing mall carols. The The resolution follows: churches and synagogues stayed open on Mail RESOLUTION Day Eve so people could pray for letters from We, the Lithuanian Americans of Brock­ their children. ton, Mass., assembled this 22nd day of Febru­ ART BUCHWALD ON MAIL When youngsters asked where the mail­ ary, 1976, at St. Casimirs Church Hall to SERVICE AND RATES man lived, their parents told them he lived at commemorate the restoration of Lithuania's the North Pole and he spent the entire year independence, do hereby state as follows: canceling stamps on letters and packages That February 16, 1976, marks the 58th so he could leave them on Mall Day morn­ anniversary of the restoration of independ­ HON. JOE L. EVINS ing for them. When they asked how he ence to the more than 700 year old Lithuan­ OF TENNESSEE delivered the mall they were told he put it ian State, which was won and protected by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in bags and came down the chimney when the blood sacrifices of the Lithuanian peo­ everyone was sleeping. But if there was a ple during the wars of independence of 1919- Thursday, March 25, 1976 dog in the house he would pass it by. Every­ 1920, and recognized by the international Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, one locked up their dogs on Mall Day Eve. community of States; On the morning of Mall Day the entire That the Republic of Lithuania was forc­ humorist Art Buchwald in a recent col­ family came downstairs and opened their ibly occupied and illegally annexed by the umn suggests that the mail service may bags of mall. Mothers got all the bills, fathers Soviet Union in 1940, in violation of all the continue to deteriorate to the point that got all the newspapers and magazines that existing treaties and the principles of in­ mail, like Santa Claus, will come only had piled up for the year. There were letters ternational law; once a year. and postcards and birthday cards and Christ­ That subjection of peoples to alien domin­ While rates constantly increase, Buch­ mas cards for everyone. Grandmothers and ation and exploitation constitutes a denial wald predicts mail service will drop off grandfathers opened their Social Security of the right to self determination and the to deliveries only once a year durjng checks. Children gleefully ripped open the other fundamental human rights; is con­ junk mall with four-color catalogs and ap­ trary to the Charter of the United Nations, leap year and then the Postmaster Gen­ peals from Indian reservations that didn't contrary to the stipulations of the Helsinki eral will call for a delivery of the mail exist. There were also packages from stores agreement, and is an impediment to the only once each Bicentennial year. and mall-order houses and tax returns and promotion of world peace and cooperation. Beneath the humor, sadly enough, alumni fund appeals. That so many countries under foreign there is the basic element of truth-as It took all day for people to open the mall. colonial domination have been given the mail service deteriorates, the cost of In the evening relatives came by to ex­ opportunity to establish their own inde­ postage increases. change canceled stamps and have Mall Day pendent states: while Lithuania having en­ dinner with each other. Every TV network joyed the blessings of freedom for centuries Because of the interest of my col­ put on a televised football game and Andy is now subjugated to the most brutal Rus­ leagues and the American people in im­ Williams had a special Mall Day TV program sian oppression and is nothing but a colony proving the mail service, I place the col­ with his entire fainily. of the Soviet empire: umn from the Washington Post by Art For 10 years Mall Day was the most excit­ That through the Soviet Union, through Buchwald in the RECORD. ing day of the year. But then in January of programs of resettlement of peoples, inten­ The article follows: 1990 the Postmaster General appeared on sified russification, suppression of religious television and · said that because of rising freedom and political persecutions, continues THE BEST POSTAL SYSTEM MONEY CAN BuY costs and a $2 trillion deficit the Post Office in its efforts to change the ethnic character (By Art Buchwald) would be unable to deliver mail once a year of the population of Lithuania, the Soviet "Post Office Threatens To Cut Down De­ as it had done in the past. invaders are unable to suppress the aspira­ liveries to Three Times a Week"-headline in In the future, he said, mail would only be tions of the Lithuanian people for freedom last week's newspaper. delivered one day, during leap year. He felt and the exercise of their human rights. Now, It had to happen. In the year 1980 the that in this way the Post Office could operate therefore. be it. Postmaster General went on television and with more efficiency and still provide the Res~:ved , That we demand that the Soviet announced to the country that because of a services that so many people depend on. But Union withdraw its rnilitary forces, adminis­ $600 b1llion deficit and Congress' refusal to he warned that if Congress did not raise the trative apparatus and the imported Russian permit him to charge $5 for a first-class price of a first-class stamp to $49 a letter, colonists from Lithuania and allow the stamp, the American people would only re­ the Post Office would have to take more dras­ Lithuanian people to govern themselves ceive their mall one day a year. This would tic measures, which included only delivering freely; be known as "Mail Day" and would be con- the mall once every Bicentennial year.