The Analysis of the Intramacrophagic Virulome of Brucella Suis Deciphers the Environment Encountered by the Pathogen Inside the Macrophage Host Cell
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Brucellosis Tip Sheet June 2018
BRUCELLOSIS Background Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by Brucella species such as Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, and Brucella suis. People can get the disease when they are in contact with infected animals or animal products contaminated with the bacteria. From 1993 through 2010, the number of brucellosis cases reported in the US ranged from 79 to 139, with an average of 109 cases per year. In 2010, the highest number (56.5%) of brucellosis cases was reported by California, Texas, Arizona, and Florida. Michigan reported four cases that same year (range=0‐10 cases per year). Signs and Symptoms Acute Non‐specific: fever, sweats, malaise, anorexia, headache, pain in muscles, joint, and/or back pain, fatigue Sub‐clinical infections are common Lymphadenopathy (10–20%), splenomegaly (20–30%) Chronic Recurrent fever Arthritis and spondylitis Swelling of the testicle and scrotum area Swelling of the heart (endocarditis) Swelling of the liver and/or spleen Neurologic symptoms (in up to 5% of all cases) Possible focal organ involvement Chronic fatigue Depression Brucellosis in Pregnant Women Brucellosis during pregnancy carries the risk of causing spontaneous abortion, particularly during the first and second trimesters; therefore, women should receive prompt medical treatment with the proper antimicrobials. Incubation Period Highly variable (5 days–6 months) Average onset 2–4 weeks Transmission Ingestion: The most common way to be infected is by eating or drinking unpasteurized/raw dairy products. When sheep, goats, cows, or camels are infected, their milk becomes contaminated with the bacteria. If milk from infected animals is not pasteurized, the infection will be transmitted to people who consume the milk and/or cheese products. -
Recent Advances in Understanding Immunity Against Brucellosis: Application for Vaccine Development
The Open Veterinary Science Journal, 2010, 4, 101-107 101 Open Access Recent Advances in Understanding Immunity Against Brucellosis: Application for Vaccine Development Sérgio Costa Oliveira*,1, Gilson Costa Macedo1, Leonardo Augusto de Almeida1, Fernanda Souza de Oliveira1, Angel Onãte2, Juliana Cassataro3 and 3 Guillermo Hernán Giambartolomei 1Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-Minas Gerais, Brazil 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile 3Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina Abstract: Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease of nearly worldwide distribution. This pathogen causes abortion in cattle and undulant fever, arthritis, endocarditis and meningitis in human. The immune response against B. abortus involves innate and adaptive immunity involving antigen-presenting cells, NK cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. IFN- is a crucial immune component that results from Brucella recognition by host immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that lead to IL-12 production. Although great efforts to elucidate immunity against Brucella have been employed, the subset of cells and factors involved in host immune response remains not completely understood. Our group and others have been working in an attempt to understand the mechanisms involved in innate responses to Brucella. Understanding the requirements for immune protection can help the design of alternative vaccines that would avoid the drawbacks of currently available vaccines to Brucella. This review discusses recent studies in host immunity to Brucella and new approaches for vaccine development. -
Genital Brucella Suis Biovar 2 Infection of Wild Boar (Sus Scrofa) Hunted in Tuscany (Italy)
microorganisms Article Genital Brucella suis Biovar 2 Infection of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Hunted in Tuscany (Italy) Giovanni Cilia * , Filippo Fratini , Barbara Turchi, Marta Angelini, Domenico Cerri and Fabrizio Bertelloni Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; fi[email protected] (F.F.); [email protected] (B.T.); [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (F.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by different Brucella species. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) could be infected by some species and represents an important reservoir, especially for B. suis biovar 2. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Brucella spp. by serological and molecular assays in wild boar hunted in Tuscany (Italy) during two hunting seasons. From 287 animals, sera, lymph nodes, livers, spleens, and reproductive system organs were collected. Within sera, 16 (5.74%) were positive to both rose bengal test (RBT) and complement fixation test (CFT), with titres ranging from 1:4 to 1:16 (corresponding to 20 and 80 ICFTU/mL, respectively). Brucella spp. DNA was detected in four lymph nodes (1.40%), five epididymides (1.74%), and one fetus pool (2.22%). All positive PCR samples belonged to Brucella suis biovar 2. The results of this investigation confirmed that wild boar represents a host for B. suis biovar. 2 and plays an important role in the epidemiology of brucellosis in central Italy. Additionally, epididymis localization confirms the possible venereal transmission. Citation: Cilia, G.; Fratini, F.; Turchi, B.; Angelini, M.; Cerri, D.; Bertelloni, Keywords: Brucella suis biovar 2; wild boar; surveillance; epidemiology; reproductive system F. -
Supplemental Methods
Supplemental Methods: Sample Collection Duplicate surface samples were collected from the Amazon River plume aboard the R/V Knorr in June 2010 (4 52.71’N, 51 21.59’W) during a period of high river discharge. The collection site (Station 10, 4° 52.71’N, 51° 21.59’W; S = 21.0; T = 29.6°C), located ~ 500 Km to the north of the Amazon River mouth, was characterized by the presence of coastal diatoms in the top 8 m of the water column. Sampling was conducted between 0700 and 0900 local time by gently impeller pumping (modified Rule 1800 submersible sump pump) surface water through 10 m of tygon tubing (3 cm) to the ship's deck where it then flowed through a 156 µm mesh into 20 L carboys. In the lab, cells were partitioned into two size fractions by sequential filtration (using a Masterflex peristaltic pump) of the pre-filtered seawater through a 2.0 µm pore-size, 142 mm diameter polycarbonate (PCTE) membrane filter (Sterlitech Corporation, Kent, CWA) and a 0.22 µm pore-size, 142 mm diameter Supor membrane filter (Pall, Port Washington, NY). Metagenomic and non-selective metatranscriptomic analyses were conducted on both pore-size filters; poly(A)-selected (eukaryote-dominated) metatranscriptomic analyses were conducted only on the larger pore-size filter (2.0 µm pore-size). All filters were immediately submerged in RNAlater (Applied Biosystems, Austin, TX) in sterile 50 mL conical tubes, incubated at room temperature overnight and then stored at -80oC until extraction. Filtration and stabilization of each sample was completed within 30 min of water collection. -
Production of L-Carnitine by Secondary Metabolism of Bacteria Vicente Bernal, Ángel Sevilla, Manuel Cánovas and José L Iborra*
Microbial Cell Factories BioMed Central Review Open Access Production of L-carnitine by secondary metabolism of bacteria Vicente Bernal, Ángel Sevilla, Manuel Cánovas and José L Iborra* Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, E-30100, Spain Email: Vicente Bernal - [email protected]; Ángel Sevilla - [email protected]; Manuel Cánovas - [email protected]; José L Iborra* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 2 October 2007 Received: 19 July 2007 Accepted: 2 October 2007 Microbial Cell Factories 2007, 6:31 doi:10.1186/1475-2859-6-31 This article is available from: http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/6/1/31 © 2007 Bernal et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract The increasing commercial demand for L-carnitine has led to a multiplication of efforts to improve its production with bacteria. The use of different cell environments, such as growing, resting, permeabilized, dried, osmotically stressed, freely suspended and immobilized cells, to maintain enzymes sufficiently active for L-carnitine production is discussed in the text. The different cell states of enterobacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Proteus sp., which can be used to produce L- carnitine from crotonobetaine or D-carnitine as substrate, are analyzed. Moreover, the combined application of both bioprocess and metabolic engineering has allowed a deeper understanding of the main factors controlling the production process, such as energy depletion and the alteration of the acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio which are coupled to the end of the biotransformation. -
Acute Brucella Melitensis M16 Infection Model in Mice Treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitors
Original Article Acute Brucella melitensis M16 infection model in mice treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors Murat Kutlu1, Çağrı Ergin2, Nilay Şen-Türk3, Selda Sayin-Kutlu1, Orçun Zorbozan2, Şerife Akalın1, Barboros Şahin4, Veli Çobankara5, Neşe Demirkan3 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey 3 Department of Pathology, Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey 4 Animal Research Laboratory, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey Abstract Introduction: There is limited data in the literature about brucellosis related to an intracellular pathogen and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) medication. The aim of this study was to evaluate acute Brucella infections in mice receiving anti-TNFα drug treatment. Methodology: Anti-TNFα drugs were injected in mice on the first and fifth days of the study, after which the mice were infected with B. melitensis M16 strain. Mice were sacrificed on the fourteenth day after infection. Bacterial loads in the liver and spleen were defined, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Results: Neither the liver nor the spleen showed an increased bacterial load in all anti-TNFα drug groups when compared to a non-treated, infected group. The most significant histopathological findings were neutrophil infiltrations in the red pulp of the spleen and apoptotic cells with hepatocellular pleomorphism in the liver. There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of previously reported histopathological findings, such as extramedullary hematopoiesis and granuloma formation. -
The Acidic Stress Response of the Intracellular Pathogen Brucella Melitensis: New Insights from a Comparative, Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article The Acidic Stress Response of the Intracellular Pathogen Brucella melitensis: New Insights from a Comparative, Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis David Kornspan 1,*, Tamar Zahavi 2 and Mali Salmon-Divon 2,3 1 Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel 2 Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; [email protected] (T.Z.); [email protected] (M.S.-D.) 3 Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +972-3-968-1745 Received: 14 July 2020; Accepted: 25 August 2020; Published: 28 August 2020 Abstract: The intracellular pathogenic bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella must cope with acidic stress as they penetrate the host via the gastrointestinal route, and again during the initial stages of intracellular infection. A transcription-level regulation has been proposed to explain this but the specific molecular mechanisms are yet to be determined. We recently reported a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the attenuated vaccine Brucella melitensis strain Rev.1 against the virulent strain 16M in cultures grown under either neutral or acidic conditions. Here, we re-analyze the RNA-seq data of 16M from our previous study and compare it to published transcriptomic data of this strain from both an in cellulo and an in vivo model. We identify 588 genes that are exclusively differentially expressed in 16M grown under acidic versus neutral pH conditions, including 286 upregulated genes and 302 downregulated genes that are not differentially expressed in either the in cellulo or the in vivo model. -
Supplementary Table S1. the Key Enzymes for Autotrophic Growth in C
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Metallomics. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supplementary Table S1. The key enzymes for autotrophic growth in C. metallidurans Name Rmet-number Spec. Predicted Mass, (kDa) Determined Mass, (kDa) Activity HOS Rmet_1522 to Rmet_1525 28.7 65.2, 25.4, 23.4, 52.8 = 166.8 62.4±1.8, 26.4±1.3, 24.0±0.6, 54.1±2.5, =235±20a HOP Rmet_1297, Rmet_1298, 67.0 69.0 + 38.6 = 108 148±24a CAX Rmet_1500, Rmet_1501 2.82 8 * (13.6 + 52.5) = 529 475±36a PRK Rmet_1512 0.994 8 * 32.4 = 259 256±11a aMean value of masses determined by S300 size exclusion chromatography and sucrose gradient centrifugation. HOS, NAD-reducing soluble hydrogenase; HOP, membrane-bound hydrogenase; CAX, ribulose-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; PRK, phosphoribulokinase. Specific activity in U/mg protein. Supplementary Table S2. Genes expressed differently in AE104 compared to CH34 wild typea Operon Region Name Gene Q D Description UP Op1321r Rmet_4594 zntA 1.72 2.88 Q1LEH0 Heavy metal translocating P -type ATPase Op1322f Rmet_4595 czcI2 2.03 2.92 Q1LEG9 Putative uncharacterized protein Op1322f Rmet_4596 czcC2 23.34 5.36 Q1LEG8 Outer membrane efflux protein Op1322f Rmet_4597 czcB2' 15.36 9.68 Q1LEG7 Secretion protein HlyD Op0075f Rmet_0260 - 2.31 2.48 Q1LRT0 Putative transmembrane protein Op0075f Rmet_0261 coxB 2.08 2.49 Q1LRS9 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Adjacent to CMGI-7 Op0335f Rmet_1171 tnpA 7.03 21.74 Q9F8S6 Transposase (Transposase, IS4 family) CMGI-2 Op0362r Rmet_1251 tnp 4.08 0.61 Q1LNY9 Putative uncharacterized -
B Number Gene Name Strand Orientation Protein Length Mrna
list list sample) short list predicted B number Operon ID Gene name assignment Protein length mRNA present mRNA intensity Gene description Protein detected - Strand orientation Membrane protein detected (total list) detected (long list) membrane sample Proteins detected - detected (short list) # of tryptic peptides # of tryptic peptides # of tryptic peptides # of tryptic peptides # of tryptic peptides Functional category detected (membrane Protein detected - total Protein detected - long b0001 thrL + 21 1344 P 1 0 0 0 0 thr operon leader peptide Metabolism of small molecules 1 b0002 thrA + 820 13624 P 39 P 18 P 18 P 18 P(m) 2 aspartokinase I, homoserine dehydrogenase I Metabolism of small molecules 1 b0003 thrB + 310 6781 P 9 P 3 3 P 3 0 homoserine kinase Metabolism of small molecules 1 b0004 thrC + 428 15039 P 18 P 10 P 11 P 10 0 threonine synthase Metabolism of small molecules 1 b0005 b0005 + 98 432 A 5 0 0 0 0 orf, hypothetical protein Open reading frames 2 b0006 yaaA - 258 1047 P 11 P 1 2 P 1 0 orf, hypothetical protein Open reading frames 3 b0007 yaaJ - 476 342 P 8 0 0 0 0 MP-GenProt-PHD inner membrane transport protein Miscellaneous 4 b0008 talB + 317 20561 P 20 P 13 P 16 P 13 0 transaldolase B Metabolism of small molecules 5 b0009 mog + 195 1296 P 7 0 0 0 0 required for the efficient incorporation of molybdate into molybdoproteins Metabolism of small molecules 6 b0010 yaaH - 188 407 A 2 0 0 0 0 PHD orf, hypothetical protein Open reading frames 7 b0011 b0011 - 237 338 P 13 0 0 0 0 putative oxidoreductase Miscellaneous 8 b0012 htgA -
Canine Brucellosis Information for Dog Owners
Canine Brucellosis Information for Dog Owners Key Facts Canine brucellosis is found world-wide. It is an increasing concern in North America due to importation of infected breeding dogs and semen for artificial insemination. Disease in dogs can be: • Subclinical, dogs frequently have no obvious disease signs. • Associated with acute or chronic signs, such as: o Reproductive disease, e.g. abortion (typically late term), weak pups who die shortly after birth, infertility (bitch or stud) o Spine or neurologic disease, e.g. back or neck pain Infection is poorly responsive to treatment. Breeding programs with infertility or abortion concerns should promptly test dogs. All breeding programs should have a routine testing schedule, especially for any new dogs. Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease. Infected dogs can infect people and in many jurisdictions it is reportable to animal and public health agencies. What is it? Brucellosis is due to infection with the Brucella bacterium. Brucella canis is the most common species found in dogs. It is most often transmitted through direct dog-to-dog contact via infected body fluids and tissues (e.g. vaginal discharge, aborted fetus, placenta, semen, urine). Other Brucella spp. can also infect dogs (including Brucella abortus and Brucella suis) after dogs consume placenta, aborted fetuses, or uncooked meat from infected livestock or have contact with wild (feral) swine. Brucella spp. under microscopic examination (Public Once within the dog, the bacterium multiplies and Domain: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) circulates in the blood, moving to and multiplying in body organs. Bacteria can remain within the Who gets it? blood for many years and are easily shed in body Dogs, wild dogs and humans may experience fluids. -
Viewed and Published Immediately Upon Acceptance Cited in Pubmed and Archived on Pubmed Central Yours — You Keep the Copyright
BMC Bioinformatics BioMed Central Methodology article Open Access Optimization based automated curation of metabolic reconstructions Vinay Satish Kumar1, Madhukar S Dasika2 and Costas D Maranas*2 Address: 1Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA and 2Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA Email: Vinay Satish Kumar - [email protected]; Madhukar S Dasika - [email protected]; Costas D Maranas* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 20 June 2007 Received: 14 December 2006 Accepted: 20 June 2007 BMC Bioinformatics 2007, 8:212 doi:10.1186/1471-2105-8-212 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/212 © 2007 Satish Kumar et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Currently, there exists tens of different microbial and eukaryotic metabolic reconstructions (e.g., Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis) with many more under development. All of these reconstructions are inherently incomplete with some functionalities missing due to the lack of experimental and/or homology information. A key challenge in the automated generation of genome-scale reconstructions is the elucidation of these gaps and the subsequent generation of hypotheses to bridge them. Results: In this work, an optimization based procedure is proposed to identify and eliminate network gaps in these reconstructions. First we identify the metabolites in the metabolic network reconstruction which cannot be produced under any uptake conditions and subsequently we identify the reactions from a customized multi-organism database that restores the connectivity of these metabolites to the parent network using four mechanisms. -
As an Invasive Receptor Cellular Prion Protein on Intestinal M Cells
Cutting Edge: Brucella abortus Exploits a Cellular Prion Protein on Intestinal M Cells as an Invasive Receptor This information is current as Gaku Nakato, Koji Hase, Michio Suzuki, Masanobu Kimura, of September 29, 2021. Manabu Ato, Misaho Hanazato, Minoru Tobiume, Motohiro Horiuchi, Ryuichiro Atarashi, Noriyuki Nishida, Masahisa Watarai, Koichi Imaoka and Hiroshi Ohno J Immunol 2012; 189:1540-1544; Prepublished online 6 July 2012; Downloaded from doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103332 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/189/4/1540 References This article cites 30 articles, 8 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/ http://www.jimmunol.org/content/189/4/1540.full#ref-list-1 Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists by guest on September 29, 2021 • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2012 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. Cutting Edge: Brucella abortus Exploits a Cellular Prion Protein on Intestinal M Cells as an Invasive Receptor ,† ,† ‡ ‡ x Gaku Nakato,* Koji Hase,* Michio{ Suzuki, Masanobu Kimura,‖ Manabu Ato, Misaho Hanazato,*,† Minoru Tobiume, Motohiro Horiuchi, Ryuichiro Atarashi,# Noriyuki Nishida,# Masahisa Watarai,** Koichi Imaoka,‡ and Hiroshi Ohno*,† Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative bacterium causing traffic, a process referred to as transcytosis (2, 3).