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Chrysobrycon Eliasi, New Species of Stevardiine Fish (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Río Madre De Dios and Upper Río Manuripe Basins, Peru

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Chrysobrycon Eliasi, New Species of Stevardiine Fish (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Río Madre De Dios and Upper Río Manuripe Basins, Peru Neotropical Ichthyology, 9(4): 731-740, 2011 Copyright © 2011 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Chrysobrycon eliasi, new species of stevardiine fish (Characiformes: Characidae) from the río Madre de Dios and upper río Manuripe basins, Peru James Anyelo Vanegas-Ríos1, María de las Mercedes Azpelicueta1 and Hernán Ortega2 Chrysobrycon eliasi is described from several drainages of río Madre de Dios and upper río Manuripe basins, río Madeira basin, Peru. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the maxillary teeth, which are tricuspidate, bicuspidate and conical, and the terminal lateral-line tube developed between caudal-fin rays 10-11. Other characters that help to recognize C. eliasi are the possession of maxilla with 6-15 (usually 11) teeth occupying more than 70% of the length of the maxilla in adults, predorsal scales 18-22, dorsal-fin to hypural complex length 36.32-41.17% of standard length (SL), gill-gland length in males 3.57-5.05% SL, maxillary length 33.76-38.75% of head length, and branched anal-fin rays 24-30. The discovery of C. eliasi allows us to extend the geographic distribution of the genus to the southeast, into the río Madeira basin. Chrysobrycon eliasi se describe para varios drenajes en las cuencas de los ríos Madre de Díos y Alto Manuripe, cuenca del río Madeira, Peru. La nueva especie puede diferenciarse de sus congéneres por la presencia de dientes maxilares, que son tricuspidados, bicuspidados y cónicos, y el tubo terminal de la línea lateral desarrollado entre los radios caudales 10-11. Otros caracteres que ayudan a reconocer C. eliasi son la presencia de 6-15 (usualmente11) dientes maxilares ocupando más del 70% de la longitud de la maxila en adultos, escamas predorsales 18-22, longitud origen aleta dorsal-hipurales 36,32-41,17% de longitud estandard (LE), longitud de la glándula branquial en machos 3,57-5,05% LE, longitud de la maxila 33,76-38,75% de longitud de la cabeza, y radios ramificados en la aleta anal 24-30. El hallazgo de C. eliasi nos permite ampliar la distribución geográfica del género hacia el sureste en la cuenca del río Madeira. Key words: Madeira basin, Pouch scale, Sexual dimorphism, Tambopata, Xenurobryconini. Introduction of a single large pouch scale, with or without hypertrophied radii in males, a synapormophy reported by Weitzman & The genus Chrysobrycon Weitzman & Menezes is a small Menezes (1998). The same authors diagnosed the males of group of characid fishes, measuring up to 82 mm SL, distributed Chrysobrycon by the presence of a pouch scale, relatively in lower altitude freshwater ecosystems between 200 and 375 small, somewhat elongate, curved and horizontally folded so m a.s.l. in the upper Amazon basin in Ecuador and Peru (Böhlke, that its lateral face forms a laterally concave, broadly open 1958; Weitzman & Thomerson, 1970). The genus Chrysobrycon pocket; that pouch scale is confined to the dorsal region of has two species, C. hesperus (Böhlke, 1958) distributed in the the pouch opening; an additional curved scale is situated río Napo basin in Ecuador, and C. myersi (Weitzman & close to, and nearly completely against, the medially placed Thomerson, 1970) recorded from río Pachitea in Peru (Böhlke, surface of the pouch scale, while this medially placed scale 1958; Weitzman & Thomerson, 1970; Weitzman, 2003). sometimes has its ventral border laterally curved around the The genus has been considered a basal member of the ventral border of the pouch scale. Furthermore, the two monophyletic tribe Xenurobryconini (Weitzman & Menezes, Chrysobrycon species are characterized by the presence of 1998; Castro et al., 2003; Weitzman et al., 2005; Menezes & gill gland (Bushmann et al., 2002), insemination habit, and Weitzman, 2009; Mirande, 2009, 2010), defined by the presence spermatozoa with elongated nuclei (Burns et al., 1995). 1Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), División Zoología de Vertebrados, Paseo del Bosque S/N° B1900FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] (JAVR), [email protected] (MMA) 2Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Departamento de Ictiología, Museo de Historia Natural, PO Box 14-0434 Lima - 14, Peru. [email protected] (HO) 731 732 A new stevardiine species from Peru Currently, the phylogenetic relationships and the size (Marcus, 1988), the second and third principal component geographic distribution of the Chrysobrycon species are (PC2 and PC3, respectively) were used to analyze the unknown and poorly understood. One of the authors (JAV- differences in shape. Regression plots by sex were evaluated R.), examined several lots from the Museo de Historia Natural for each variable measured, but only the plots where the (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Peru) and the following two conditions are found, are presented herein: 1) Royal Ontario Museum (Canada), and found several samples evidence for a low overlapping in data, and 2) variables identified as Gephyrocharax Eigenmann that actually belong strongly affecting the PC2. to Chrysobrycon. Further comparisons among Chrysobrycon The material examined is deposited in the collections of species confirmed that these specimens constitute a new AI, ANSP, CAS, LACM, and MUSM; acronyms are according species herein described; in addition, a key to Chrysobrycon to Eschmeyer (1998), except AI, Asociación Ictiológica, La species is provided. Plata, Argentina. Material and Methods Results Measurements and counts are according to Fink & Chrysobrycon eliasi, new species Weitzman (1974) and Menezes & Weitzman (2009), with the Figs. 1-4 addition of the following measurements: dorsal-fin to pectoral- fin length, dorsal-fin to adipose-fin length, pectoral-fin to Holotype. MUSM 39970, 34.25 mm SL, male, Peru, Madre de pelvic-fin length, pelvic-fin to anal-fin length (all of them taken Dios, Tambopata, río Madre de Dios basin, Creek Loboyoc, from origin to origin), maxillary length (most anterior visible 12°27’7.27”S 69°7’42.53”W, 210 m a.s.l., 7 Jul 2004, M. Hidalgo, point to posterior margin), and postorbital length. The gill- S. Martínez & V. Chipollini. gland length in males was measured from the most anterior to Paratypes. All from Peru. AI 287, 3, 32.95-43.50 mm SL (2 C&S), most posterior portions. Measurements were taken point to Madre de Dios, Tambopata, río Manuripe basin, Creek km 50, point with Mitutoyo digital caliper at 0.01 mm under 12°11’21.24”S 69°6’57.36”W, 248 m a.s.l., 8 Jul 2004, M. Hidalgo, stereomicroscope and are expressed as percentages of S. Martínez & V. Chipollini. AI 288, 2, 37.27-37.63 mm SL, Madre standard length (SL) or head length (HL). de Dios, Tambopata, río Manuripe basin, Creek Yarinal, 12°3’6.12”S In counts, the range is given first, the mode in parentheses, 69°4’49.77”W, 250 m a.s.l., 9 Jul 2004, M. Hidalgo, S. Martínez & V. and the holotype counts marked by an asterisk, followed by Chipollini. MUSM 39971, 14, 26.14-40.81 mm SL (11, 30.13-40.81 the number of specimens counted. The scale on the median mm SL), collected with the holotype. MUSM 39972, 8, 28.01-43.15 mm SL (6, 28.01-30.70 mm SL), Madre de Dios, Tambopata, río dorsal row or the small scale just below to dorsal-fin rays Manuripe basin, Creek km 50, 12°11’21.24”S 69°6’57.36”W, 248 m insertion is excluded from the count of longitudinal scale rows a.s.l., 8 Jul 2004, M. Hidalgo, S. Martínez & V. Chipollini. MUSM between the dorsal fin and lateral line. Specimens were cleared 39973, 2, 36.11-37.63 mm SL, Madre de Dios, Tambopata, río Madre and counterstained (C&S) following Taylor & van Dyke de Dios basin, Creek Loboyoc, 12°27’21.17”S 69°7’41.67”W, 225 m (1985). Total vertebral count includes the four vertebrae of a.s.l., 23 Aug 2004, H. Ortega, B. Rengifo & L. Figueroa. MUSM Weberian apparatus; preural centrum 1 plus ural centrum 1 39974, 3, 29.33-41.22 mm SL, Madre de Dios, Tambopata, San (PU1+U1) were counted as one vertebral element. A key for Antonio, río Heath basin, Creek San Antonio, 12°41’03.14”S identification of Chrysobrycon species is given based on the 68°43’8.86”W, 193 m a.s.l., 28 May 1992, H. Ortega. examined material; data from Weitzman & Thomerson (1970) Non-type specimens. ROM 66378, 4 of 5, 27.58-31.63 mm SL, was included only in the ranges of counts. Peru, Madre de Dios, Tambopata, La Colpa, lodge, río Tambopata, The statistical analyses were performed using PAST 2.07 stream at left bank at 2.1 km. (Hammer et al., 2001) and SigmaPlot 10.0 for Windows (2006, Systat Software, Inc.) for morphometrics and meristics Diagnosis. Chrysobrycon eliasi is distinguished from its variables. Tukey box plots were used to describe the variance congeners by the maxillary teeth, tricuspidates, bicuspidates, of counts that showed differences among species and that and conical (Fig. 3), vs. all maxillary teeth tricuspidate to were considered relevant to diagnose the new species and in pentacuspidate in C. myersi and C. hesperus. Chrysobrycon the key. Morphometric data was log-transformed (base-10 eliasi also has the terminal lateral-line tube developed between log) before any subsequent statistical step mentioned herein. caudal-fin rays 10-11 vs. absence of the terminal lateral-line Hypothesis of statistical significance of t-test and F-test were tube in C. myersi and C. hesperus. Furthermore, Chrysobrycon of two-tailed, accomplished to compare means and variances eliasi differs from C. hesperus by the presence of 6-15 (mode among morphometrics variables by sexes into new species (p = 11; n = 28) maxillary teeth (Fig.
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