VÚLHM 2010 Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Bohemicae Cover: Dinaric fir-beech forest at the edge area of Rajhenav virgin forest remnant in the Kočev region – southern Slovenia (Photo: L. Kutnar) Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Bohemicae Volumen 25 Forestry and Game Management Research Institute Strnady 2010 ISSN 1211-2992 ISBN 978-80-7417-038-6 COST Action E52 Genetic resources of beech in Europe – current state Implementing output of COST Action E 52 Project „Evaluation of beech genetic resources for sustainable forestry“ (2006 – 2010) 3 COMMUNICATIONES INSTITUTI FORESTALIS BOHEMICAE, Vol. 25 Forestry and Game Management Research Institute 6WUQDG\-tORYLãWČ e-mail: [email protected], http://www.vulhm.cz 6HWWLQJ0JU(.UXSLþNRYi.âLPHURYi Editors: Josef Frýdl, Petr Novotný, John Fennessy & Georg von Wühlisch Printing Office: TISK CENTRUM, s. r. o. Number of copies: 200 4 Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................7 Introductory note..............................................................................................................................8 PAPERS Hajri Haska The status of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Albania and its genetic resources..............................................................................................11 Hasmik Ghalachyan – Andranik Ghulijanyan Current state of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis LIPSKY) in Armenia ............................................26 Raphael Klumpp – Herfried Steiner – Eduard Hochbichler Current state of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) gene-pool in Austria ...........................38 Patrick Mertens – Elodie Bay – Bart De Cuyper Current state of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) gene-pool in Belgium ...............................46 Dalibor Ballian An overview of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Bosnia and Herzegovina .......................52 Alexander H. Alexandrov – Alyosha Dakov Current state of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oriental beech (Fagus orientalis LIPSKY) gene-pool in Bulgaria.............................................................................61 Mladen Ivanković – Saša Bogdan – Joso Gračan – Ivan Pilaš Current status of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) genetic resources in Croatia ......................................................................................................................................70 Petr Novotný – Josef Frýdl Current state of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) genetic resources conservation in the Czech Republic .............................................................................................78 Jon K. Hansen Current state of European beech (Fagus sylvatica/ LQ'HQPDUN..............................................88 Alexis Ducousso European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in France ...........................................................................91 Tengiz Urushadze – Zurab Manvelidze – Lasha Dolidze – Irina Tvauri Oriental beech in Georgia – present state and conservation priorities .........................................98 Georg von Wühlisch – Hans J. Muhs Current state of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests In Germany ................................113 Scott McG. Wilson The European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Great Britain: Ecological status, silviculture and management of genetic resources ...................................................................122 Konstantinos Spanos – Dionysios Gaitanis Current status of genetic resources of beech in Greece ............................................................141 Ernő Führer – Csaba Mátyás – György Csóka – Ferenc Lakatos – Sándor Bordács – László Nagy – Ervin Rasztovits Current status of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) genetic resources in Hungary .....................................................................................................152 David Thompson – John Fennessy Beech (Fagus sylvatica) in Irish forestry .....................................................................................164 Raffaello Giannini – Paolo Capretti – Giovanni Emiliani – Marco Fioravanti – Susamma Nocentini – Cristina Vettori Genetic resources of beech in Italy ............................................................................................171 Sven M. G. de Vries Current state of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Netherlands..................................179 Małgorzata Sułkowska Conservation of genetic resources of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Poland ..............184 Gheorghe Postolache – Dragos Postolache Genetic resources of beech (Fagus sylvatica) in the Republic of Moldova.................................191 Lucia Ioniţă – Gheorghe Pârnuţă Current state of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) gene-pool in Romania............................201 Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić – Saša Orlović – Andrej Pilipović &XUUHQWVWDWHRI%DONDQEHHFK Fagus sylvatica ssp. sylvatica) gene pool in the Republic of Serbia.............................................................................................210 Dušan Gömöry – Ladislav Paule – Roman Longauer European beech (Fagus sylvatica/ JHQHWLFUHVRXUFHVLQ6ORYDNLD ..........................................220 Gregor Božič – Lado Kutnar – Mihej Urbančnič – Dušan Jurc – Andrej Kobler – Tine Grebenc – Hojka Kraigher Current state of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) gene pool in Slovenia.............................225 Diana Barba – Guillermo Madrigal – Jose A. Reque – Ricardo Alía Current state of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest and genetic resources in Spain .........................................................................................236 Rolf Övergaard – Lars-Göran Stener Current state of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Sweden ..............................................242 Pascale Weber – Andrea R. Pluess – Urs Mühlethaler Resources of beech in Switzerland ............................................................................................248 Gaye Eren Kandemir Current state of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis LIPSKY) JHQHWLFUHVRXUFHVFRQVHUYDWLRQLQ7XUNH\ ..................................................................................256 Hryhoriy Krynytskyy – Vasyl Parpan – Roman Kuziv European beech (Fagus sylvatica/ IRUHVWVLQWKH8NUDLQH......................................................265 Reviewers Directory ....................................................................................................................273 6 Preface The consideration to prepare a common publication with basic information on European beech genetic resources in European countries was initially proposed during an introductory COST Action E52 Working and Management Committee Meeting (WMCM) in Zvolen, Slovakia (October, 2006) and at that meeting it was agreed in principle by the participants. However, the proposal becomes a firm commitment at the COST Action E52 WMCM in Florence (April, 2008), when the Czech Republic representatives undertook to coordinate the work and so ensured this common publication. Financial assistance from the COST Action E52 resources was approved during COST Action E52 WMCM in Rzesow, Poland (October, 2008). During the COST Action E52 WMCM in Sopron, Hungary (October, 2009) the details on the publication were further developed. The editors convey a special thanks to the initiative of Prof. Ladislav Paule (Slovakia), who suggested that contact should also be made with other countries situated in the original natural distribution area of European beech, including some countries with natural occurrence of oriental beech, and to ask them for their collaboration in the project. At the end of this four years process, we would like to express our thanks and appreciation to the Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Bohemicae publication staff, especially to Mgr. Eva Krupičková, Klára Šimerová, Šárka Holzbachová, DiS. and Marta Čížková, DiS. for their forbearance and patience in the preparation work of these proceedings. We would also wish to acknowledge all the authors from the COST Action E52 working group and other authors from various institutions for their timely processing of papers, also to all reviewers for their work and effort which contributed to the completion of this publication at a remarkable level. A special acknowledgment from first two editors belongs to John Fennessy (Ireland) for his support role in the various contributions. Finally we wish to express our grateful thanks to the financial support from the COST Office, too. Josef Frýdl, Petr Novotný, John Fennessy & Georg von Wühlisch Editors 7 Genetic resources of beech in Europe – current state Introductory Note European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is a major and wide-spread forest tree species with a natural occurrence from Scandinavian to Mediterranean countries and ranging from the Atlantic influenced climate in West-Europe to the more continentally influenced regions in Central and South-Central Europe, covering an area of roughly 14 million ha of forest land. Beech is not only of interest for economic reasons. It is also of high ecological and silvicultural value and acts to stabilise forest ecosystems. Beech forests are beneficial for the production of ground water and the regeneration of depleted soils. Beech is a dominating species in many forest ecosystems. Other species of these ecosystems depend on co-existence with beech. Beech is thus viewed as a flagship species of