Fagus Orientalis
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Gene Conservation in European Beech (Fagus Sylvatica L.)
Bocconea 7 - 1997 367 Gene conservation in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Ladislav Paule Abstract Paule, L.: Gene conservation in European beech (Faf!.us sylva/ica L.). - Bocconea 7: 367- 381. 1997. - ISSN 1120-4060. The European beech is one of the mOSl important broadleaved forest lree species in Europe occun'ing in vanous ecological conditions. After the establishment of numerolls provenance experirnents in this species (the last one containing 188 provenances and 23 trials), extensive genetic inventories in most part of ElIrope has been carri ed out. In si/u and ex si/u gene conservation in European beech is olltlined. Introduction The European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is considered at present as the most common economically important broadleaved tree species in Europe. The extent of beech forests (Fagus sylvatica and F. orientalis together) in Europe andAsia Minor is estimated to be between 17 and 20 million ha (e.g. Milescu & al. 1967 estimate 16.8 million ha) and represents approximately IO % of European forests. The proportions of beech forests in individuaI regions represent frequently up to 30% of the total forest area (e.g the former Yugoslavia, Slovakia, Romania etc.) Both Fagus sylvatica and F. orientalis belong to the forest tre e species with the widest natural range in the western part of Eurasia (Fig. I). F. sylvatica is distributed in western, centrai and southern Europe with individuaI occurrences in southern England and southern Scandinavia. F. orientalis is distributed in Asia Minor, in Caucasus, in the Amanus mountains (Syria), and in the Elburz mountains (Iran). Contact zone between the natural ranges of both species runs in northern Greece and Bulgaria. -
The Red Beech at the “Montagna Di Torricchio”, Marche Region, Central Italy
Available online: www.notulaebotanicae.ro Print ISSN 0255-965X; Electronic 1842-4309 Notulae Botanicae Horti AcademicPres Not Bot Horti Agrobo, 2019, 47(3):860-866. DOI:10.15835/nbha47311583 Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca Original Article The Red Beech at the “Montagna di Torricchio”, Marche Region, Central Italy Kevin CIANFAGLIONE 1,2 *, Franco PEDROTTI 1 1University of Camerino, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Camerino (MC), Italy; [email protected] (*corresponding author); [email protected] 2Université de Bretagne Occidentale, EA 7462-Geoarchitecture, Brest, France Abstract For many centuries, red beech [( Fagus sylvatica L. var. purpurea (Ait.) Schneid.] was known as a botanical abnormality in botanical gardens and arboretums. Widespread artificially, red beech trees have been exploited for cultural, landscaping and botanical purposes, showing a wide horticultural, silvicultural and arboricultural interest. Over time, they may have escaped from cultivations or have been incorporated into forests by secondary successions, showing an important ecological and forestry interest. Red beeches represent a complex of phenotypes described under systematic critical taxa, showing an important floristic and taxonomic interest. Samples of red beech were found in nature, in central Adriatic Italy, in a fully protected area, namely the “Riserva Naturale Statale Montagna di Torricchio”. In order to analyse the origin of this odd shape beech variation, an interdisciplinary study was carried out integrating geography, ecology and forestry, analysing the bibliography, archival data, leaf traits, potential vegetation and the issues concerning the human-ecology relation. The results we obtained showed no evidence of artificial or accidental introduction for these specimens, suggesting treating them as a native and natural mutation in the beech forest secondary succession. -
Composition and Structure of a Fagus Orientalis-Dominated Forest Managed with Shelterwood Aim (A Case Study in the Caspian Forests, Northern Iran)
Caspian J. Env. Sci. 2007, Vol. 5 No.1 pp. 35~40 ©Copyright by The University of Guilan, Printed in I.R. Iran CJES Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences [Research] Composition and structure of a Fagus orientalis-dominated forest managed with shelterwood aim (A Case study in the Caspian forests, northern Iran) M. Tabari1*, K. Espahbodi2 & M. R. Poormadjidian3 1-Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Mazandaran, Noor, Iran 2-Research center of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mazandaran, Iran 3- Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Mazandaran University, Sari, Iran * Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Composition and structure of a three-storied Fagus orientalis-dominated forest was investigated in the Caspian forests, north of Iran. Circular sampling plots of 1000 m2 occupied by advance growth and natural regeneration were randomly chosen where the initial cuttings (with shelterwood aim) were performed. Abundance of species at different growth stages and quality of seedlings and saplings were registered and basal area and standing volume determined. The measurements were carried out before the first shelterwood cutting (in 1974) and after the last shelterwood cutting (2004). The results after 30 years (in 2004) revealed that frequency, basal area and standing volume significantly enhanced for beech and reduced for hornbeam but did not statistically differ for alder, maple and other species. Sapling and thicket groups were observed in parts of the investigated site and where the mature trees were not felled. Generally, the research area was converted into an irregular uneven-aged 2-4-storied forest, owing to recruits, advance regeneration, aged trees and small and large pole groups maintained through the forest. -
Is There a Future for the Isolated Oriental Beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) Forests in Southern Turkey?
Acta Silv. Lign. Hung., Vol. 6 (2010) 111-114 Is there a Future for the Isolated Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) Forests in Southern Turkey? Mustafa Y ILMAZ * KSÜ Orman Fakültesi, Kahramanmara ş, Turkey, Abstract – Oriental beech ( Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is mainly found in the northern region of Turkey. There is also an approximate 40,000 ha of isolated relict oriental beech forest in southern Turkey. This relict population differs somewhat from the northern distribution in terms of average altitudinal distribution, health conditions, and reactions to climate change. Beech forest distribution in southern Turkey starts at about 1000 m, contrary to the northern distribution, which begins at about 150-200 m. In southern Turkey, the average temperature is higher, and summer drought occurs due to irregular rainfall. Beech trees in the south decay at earlier ages due to their sprout origins and higher temperatures than in the north. In recent decades, some part of the beech forests have shed leaves during the summer in response to severe drought. Therefore, these relict populations are on the verge of extinction under unfavorable conditions. Fagus orientalis / Eastern Mediterranean / relict distribution / in situ conservation 1 INTRODUCTION Oriental beech ( Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is one of the major tree species in Turkey. Most of the beech forests are distributed in the northern region of Turkey. In contrast, relict oriental beech forests are distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey, including the Adana, Osmaniye, Hatay, and Kahramanmara ş provinces. Beech trees in this region are coppiced and, therefore, are susceptible to decay at the stump. It is well known that global climate change strongly impacts plant distribution and survival. -
Fagus Sylvatica Fagus Sylvatica, the European Beech Or Common Beech, Is a Deciduous Tree Belonging to the Beech Family Fagaceae
Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica, the European beech or common beech, is a deciduous tree belonging to the beech family Fagaceae. Fagus sylvatica is a large tree, capable of reaching heights of up to 50 m (160 ft) tall and 3 m (9.8 ft) trunk diameter, though more typically 25–35 m (82–115 ft) tall and up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) trunk diameter. A 10-year-old sapling will stand about 4 m (13 ft) tall. It has a typical lifespan of 150–200 years, though sometimes up to 300 years. In cultivated forest stands trees are normally harvested at 80–120 years of age. 30 years are needed to attain full maturity (as compared to 40 for American beech). Like most trees, its form depends on the location: in forest areas, F. sylvatica grows to over 30 m (100 ft), with branches being high up on the trunk. In open locations, it will become much shorter (typically 15–24 m (50–80 ft)) and more massive. The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire or with a slightly crenate margin. When crenate, there is one point at each vein tip, never any points between the veins. The buds are long and slender, but thicker (to 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in)) where the buds include flower buds. The leaves of beech are often not abscissed in the autumn and instead remain on the tree until the spring. This process is called marcescence. This particularly occurs when trees are saplings or when plants are clipped as a hedge (making beech hedges attractive screens, even in winter), but it also often continues to occur on the lower branches when the tree is mature. -
High-Throughput Sequencing of 5S-IGS Rdna in Fagus L. (Fagaceae) Reveals Complex Evolutionary Patterns and Hybrid Origin of Modern Species
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.433057; this version posted February 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. Cardoni, Piredda et al. High-Throughput Sequencing of Fagus 5S-IGS rDNA High-Throughput Sequencing of 5S-IGS rDNA in Fagus L. (Fagaceae) reveals complex evolutionary patterns and hybrid origin of modern species Simone Cardoni1, Roberta Piredda2, Thomas Denk3, Guido W. Grimm4, Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou5, Ernst-Detlef Schulze6, Anna Scoppola1, Parvin Salehi Shanjani7, Yoshihisa Suyama8, Nobuhiro Tomaru9, James R.P. Worth10, Marco Cosimo Simeone1* Affiliations 1Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science (DAFNE), Università degli studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy 3Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, 10405 Sweden 4Unaffiliated, Orléans, France, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0674-3553 5Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece 6Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07701 Jena, Germany 7Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran 8Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711 Japan 9Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464- 8601, Japan 10Ecological Genetics Laboratory, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687 Japan * Corresponding author Marco Cosimo Simeone; [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.433057; this version posted February 27, 2021. -
Genetic Diversity of Oriental Beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) Forests Over the Hyrcanian Zone
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ORIENTAL BEECH (FAGUS ORIENTALIS LIPSKY) FORESTS OVER THE HYRCANIAN ZONE Parvin Salehi Shanjani ', Ladislav Paule ', R. A. Khavari-Nejad 3, Dugan Gomory ' & Khosro Sagheb-Talebi ' 'I Forest Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, P. 0. Box 116-13185, Tehran, Iran e-mail: [email protected] " Faculty of Forestry, Technical University, SK-96053 Zvolen, Slovakia 3' Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Teachers Education, Tehran, Iran Received May 27, 2002; accepted December 30, 2002 ABSTRACT Genetic variation of Fagus orientalis Lipsky was investigated in 14 populations of Hyrcanian forests in the North of Iran. Within populations, average for the proportion of polymorphic loci (95 % criterion), the number of alleles per locus, effective number of alleles, the mean expected and observed heterozygosities were 100, 3.3, 1.341,0.191,0.174, respectively. Overall, 30 rare alleles (frequency less than 5 %) were detected. The present study reveals significant allelic frequency differences between populations with a small absolute genetic differentiation with no pattern related to geographic distance. The genetic differentiation between populations measured by Wright's F-statistics does not deviate significantly from zero. A slight deficiency of heterozygotes as compared with Hardy-Weinberg expected proportion was found in the majority of populations. Key word: isozyme, Fagus orientalis, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation INTRODUCTION sustainable forest management. This unique area with -
Scolytus Intricatus (Ratzeburg) Coleoptera: Curculionidae European Oak Bark Beetle
Scolytus intricatus (Ratzeburg) Coleoptera: Curculionidae European Oak Bark Beetle CAPS-Approved Survey Host(s) Method Major/Primary hosts Visual Castanea sativa (Sweet chestnut), Corylus colurna, Quercus spp. (Oak), Quercus coccifera (Kermes oak), Quercus dalechampii (Dalechamp’s oak), Quercus ilex (Holly oak), Quercus petraea (Durmast oak), Quercus robur (Common oak) Other hosts Aesculus spp. (Buckeye), Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse chestnut), Alnus glutinosa (European alder), Betula spp. (Birch), Betula celtiberica (Iberian white birch), Betula pendula (Common silver birch), Betula pubescens (Downy birch), Betula verrucosa (European white birch), Carpinus spp. (Hornbeam), Carpinus betulus (European hornbeam), Castanea spp. (Chestnut), Castanea vesca (Sweet chestnut), Corylus spp. (Hazelnut), Fagus spp. (Beech), Fagus moesiaca, Fagus orientalis (Oriental beech), Fagus sylvatica (Common beech), Ostrya spp. (Hop-hornbeam), Ostrya carpinifolia (Hop-hornbeam), Parrotia persica (Persian parrotia), Populus spp. (Poplars), Populus alba (White poplar), Populus tremula (European aspen), Quercus canariensis (Algerian oak), Quercus castaneaefolia (Chestnut-leaf oak), Quercus cerris (European turkey oak), Quercus frainetto (Italian oak), Quercus hartwissiana, 1 Quercus lusitanica (Lusitanian oak), Quercus polycarpa, Quercus prinus var. tomentosa, Quercus pubescens (Downy oak), Quercus pyrenaica (Pyrenean oak), Quercus rubra (Northern red oak), Quercus virgiliana (Italian oak), Salix spp. (Willow), Sorbus spp. (Mountain Ash), Tilia cordata (Small-leaf lime), Ulmus spp. (Elms), Ulmus carpinifolia (English elm), Ulmus laevis (European white elm), Zelkova carpinifolia (Caucasian zelkova) (Davis et al., 2006; Kimoto and Duthie-Holt, 2006; CABI, 2008) Reason for Inclusion in Manual Scolytus intricatus was added to the manual in 2010. Scolytus intricatus is a target pest on the FY2011 AHP Prioritized Pest List. Pest Description Eggs: Eggs are a pearly white color and oval 1 with a length of 1 mm (< /16 in) (Haack, 2001). -
Gap Characteristics Under Oriental Beech Forest Development Stages in Kelardasht Forests, Northern Iran
JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE, 64, 2018 (2): 59–65 doi: 10.17221/59/2017-JFS Gap characteristics under oriental beech forest development stages in Kelardasht forests, northern Iran Pejman PARHIZKAR*, Majid HASSANI, Mohammad Hossein SADEGHZADEH HALLAJ Forest Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Parhizkar P., Hassani M., Sadeghzadeh Hallaj M.H. (2018): Gap characteristics under oriental beech forest development stages in Kelardasht forests, northern Iran. J. For. Sci., 64: 59–65. This study was carried out to evaluate gap characteristics and gapmakers for different development stages of an ori- ental beech forest in northern Iran. Development stages of 1 ha square-shaped mosaic patches were identified using 100 × 100 m sampling grid and all gaps within these mosaics were recorded. Gap areas were calculated and classi- fied into four classes and gapmakers were counted and classified into 4 decay and 4 diameter classes as well. Results showed that gaps comprised 13.7, 9.1 and 17.6% of the study area in initial, optimal and decay stages, respectively. There was a significant difference between development stages with respect to gap size and the highest amount was observed in decay stage. Medium-sized gaps were the most frequent in all three stages. Frequency distribution of gapmakers varied among development stages. Our findings revealed that 200–500 m2 is the most preferable gap size for close-to-nature silvicultural approaches in Hyrcanian beech forests. To achieve this gap size 1–2 trees should be marked for harvesting operations. -
Communicationes 25.Indb
VÚLHM 2010 Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Bohemicae Cover: Dinaric fir-beech forest at the edge area of Rajhenav virgin forest remnant in the Kočev region – southern Slovenia (Photo: L. Kutnar) Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Bohemicae Volumen 25 Forestry and Game Management Research Institute Strnady 2010 ISSN 1211-2992 ISBN 978-80-7417-038-6 COST Action E52 Genetic resources of beech in Europe – current state Implementing output of COST Action E 52 Project „Evaluation of beech genetic resources for sustainable forestry“ (2006 – 2010) 3 COMMUNICATIONES INSTITUTI FORESTALIS BOHEMICAE, Vol. 25 Forestry and Game Management Research Institute 6WUQDG\-tORYLãWČ e-mail: [email protected], http://www.vulhm.cz 6HWWLQJ0JU(.UXSLþNRYi.âLPHURYi Editors: Josef Frýdl, Petr Novotný, John Fennessy & Georg von Wühlisch Printing Office: TISK CENTRUM, s. r. o. Number of copies: 200 4 Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................7 Introductory note..............................................................................................................................8 PAPERS Hajri Haska The status of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Albania and its genetic resources..............................................................................................11 Hasmik Ghalachyan – Andranik Ghulijanyan Current state of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis LIPSKY) in Armenia ............................................26 Raphael Klumpp -
Biosphere Reserves in Bulgaria and Their Forest Genetic Resources
Silva Balcanica, 12(1)/2011 BIOSPHERE RESERVES IN BULGARIA AND THEIR FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES Nadezhda Stoyanova, Dimitar Dimitrov, Georgi P. Georgiev, Alexander Delkov Forest Research Institute – Sofia Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Abstract Protected territories play important role in conservation of biological diversity both in regional and global aspect. Biosphere reserves in mountains of Bulgaria include valuable populations, representatives of families Pinaceae, Fagaceae, etc. In biosphere reserves, object of this study, tree species differ according to their distribution and share in the composition of dendrocoenoses. It was determined that best represented in biosphere reserves in Bulgaria are Norway spruce and beech forests in areas over 800-900 m a.s.l., and relatively less represented are oaks, Scots pine and Austrian black pine. Large number of formed forest ecosystems in these protected territories is distinguished for their high productivity, vitality, long life and good genetic-and-breeding characteristics. Key words: ecology, protected territories, mountains, plant biodiversity, forest phytocoenoses INTRODUCTION Preserving of forest tree genetic resources is of big importance for biological diversity conservation in forest ecosystems, particularly in mountain territories. Reserves are protected territories with undisturbed nature under strict regime of protection mainly because of their primary character and scientific value as nature standards. Through scientific analysis it is possible to determine the status not only of single vegetation components but also to study factors, which determine the natural productivity of ecosystems in reserves. Alexandrov (1990) has pointed out that the category maintained reserves in Bulgaria also includes small forest reserves, where, besides the big number of polytopic forest tree species typical for almost whole Europe, numerous endemic species are conserved, among them Pinus peuce Griseb. -
Influence of Interspecies Competition on Beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) Trees and Some Features of Stand in Mixed Broad-Leaved Forest
Environ Monit Assess (2018) 190:377 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6754-8 Influence of interspecies competition on beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) trees and some features of stand in mixed broad-leaved forest Kambiz Abrari Vajari Received: 15 December 2017 /Accepted: 25 May 2018 # Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) coexistence and planning mixtures in temperate is one of the most important commercial tree spe- broad-leaved forests. cies in the Hyrcanian region. This species is known to suffer from strong intra- and interspecific com- Keywords Broad-leaved tree . Competition index . petition for above- and below-ground resources in Temperate forest . Tree architecture temperate mixed stands. In the present study, a total of 26 beech trees and their surroundings trees as well as stand characteristics were evaluated for Introduction determining the interactions between them and competition index (CI) in mixed beech stand. The Competition is a relationship between trees for results showed that in mixed beech stand, there gaining the growing space and taking limited re- were positive correlation between CI and crown sources such as light, nutrients, and water via their ratio and height/diameter (HD) ratio of target beech growth and development (Van de Peer et al. 2017). trees, but negatively correlated to crown length, A major ecological process that makes key role in crown width, crown area, and crown volume. Total growing and species replacement (Maleki et al. height, DBH, and bole of target beech trees were 2015) and also in tree’s structure and composition decreased with increasing CI.