Alternative
n=1 Simplified periodic table H He* 1 2
N O n=2 7 8 C Li Be F• periodic tables 6 3 4 9 B Ne* 5 10 Several alternative periodic tables have been proposed that address Mn Fe 25 28 Cr P S Co some of the shortcomings of Mendeleev’s table (see pp. 2–6). Do you n=3 24 15 16 27 V Si Na Mg Cl• Ni PERIODICPERIODIC 23 14 11 12 17 28 DIVIDE think they work better than the version on your classroom wall? Ti Al Ar* Cu 22 2 2 29 Sc Zn 21 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Gd Tb 2 65 1 Eu Tc Ru Dy SUPERACTINIDES 63 43 44 66 Sm Mo As Se Rh Ho 2 62 42 33 34 45 67 n=4 Pm Nb Ge K Ca Br• Pb Er 3 61 41 32 19 20 35 46 68 Nd Zr Ga Kr* Ag Tm 4 60 40 31 36 47 69 Pr Y Cd Yb 59 39 48 70 5 Y Ce Lu 58 71 Sc 6 Cm Bk 7 96 97 Am Re Os Cf 11 120 121 * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 95 75 76 98 8 ** Pu W Sb Te Ir Es 94 74 51 52 77 99 n=5 Np Ta Sn Rb Sr I• Pt Fm * 93 73 50 37 38 53 78 100 122 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 ** U Hf In Xe* Au Md 92 72 49 54 79 101 Pa La Hg No 91 57 80 102 Th Lt 90 103 The extended periodic table, with elements up to Z = 172. This table shows the lanthanides and actinides Bh Hs 107 108 (f block) in their correct positions between groups 3 and 4. The hypothetical g block is shown underneath Sg Bi Po Mt n=6 106 83 84 109 Db Pb Cs Ba At• Ds Benfey’s spiral periodic table (1964). Start in the centre (hydrogen, 105 82 55 56 85 110 Rf Tl Rn* Rg Z = 1) and trace the sequence of elements round in a clockwise 104 81 8 6 111 spiral. The table runs all the way to oganesson (Z = 118) — the Ac Cn 89 112 heaviest known element — and allows for the discovery of the Mc Lv –m proposed superactinides (g block) 115 116 n=7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 Fl Fr Ra Ts f f f f f f f f f f f f f f d d d d d d d d d d p p p p p p s s 114 87 88 117 –S +S Orbital Chemical family Nh Og* 1s 113 118 Alkali metals and +m S 2s alkaline earths ? ? n Non-metals and 119 120 2p 3s p semiconducting elements * Noble gases d Transition metals 3p 4s • Halogens f Lanthanides and IBReviewExtras 3d 4p 5s actinides 4d 5p 6s Download this poster at www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ibreviewextras 4f 5d 6p 7s Stowe’s physicist’s periodic table (1989). The principal quantum
5f 6d 7p 8s 11 120 number, n, (the number of the period in the traditional table) forms the vertical axis, shown on the left. The elements with this n f block d block p block s block value are then arranged along two further axes, the spin quantum number, s, and the magnetic quantum number, m. This table is Chris Coates is head of science and teaches TOK at Tanglin Trust Janet’s left-step periodic table (1928). Start at hydrogen (top right) and work across the table row by row. actually four-dimensional, with the azimuthal quantum number, , School, Singapore. He is the co-author of Chemistry for the IB The table gives you the correct sequence of orbital filling represented by colour Diploma (www.hoddereducation.co.uk).
20 IB Review November 2018 www.hoddereducation.co.uk/ibreview 21